南京大学考博英语必备翻译知识点汇总
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇homoge neous同质的homo + gene +ous(＜＞ hetero geneo us)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainst ream主流主流的dialec t 方言 (v.s. accent)discre pancy差异miscon cepti on 误解 (mis + concep t + ion)= misund ersta ndingbarrie r 障碍(物)~ bar, = barric adediscri minat ion 区别，歧视raci al/***ual discri minat ion? discri minat e (+agains t)hierar chy 等级制度he ir + arch(govern) + yinsula rity岛国性质 (? insula r, ^island)Britis h indust ry has oftenbeen critic izedfor its lingui sticinsula rity.microc osm 小天地 micro+ cosm(os)nostal gia = homesi cknes spatrio t 爱国者 (＜＞ traito r)à patrio tic, patrio tismnotori ety 恶名 (? notori ous)counte rpart对应人，对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounte rpart in China?^ counte rcult ure, counte rbala ncepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subord inate下级下级的＜＞ superi ortactic s 战术，技巧v.s. strate gy (战略，策略)market ing strate gy v.s. sellin g tactic snuance a subtle differ encein meanin gcompat riot同胞同胞的com + patrio tvernac ular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernac ularlangua ges of IndiaHispan ic An Americ an whosefirstlangua ge was Spanis himmigr ation移入~ immigr ant, immigr atev.s. emigra tion (~ emigra nt, emigra te)antipo des Any two places or region s on diamet rical ly opposi te sidesof the Earth“fromNorthAmeric a to the Antipo des”permea te 渗透，弥漫Smok e permea ted the house.entrep reneu r 企业家 (~ enterp rise)à entrep reneu rshippracti tione r 开业者，从业者pra ction(practi ce) + ercelebr ity a famous person= lumina ry, VIPproxy代理人anecdo te 轶事 (à anecdo tal)benchm arkin g 类比分析punctu al 准时的，守时的 (à punctu ality)absent eeism旷工abse nt à absent ee à absent eeismflexti me 弹性工作时间flex(flexib le) + timeharass骚扰 (à harass ment)Mary said that Gary had ***uallyharass ed her.redund ancy冗余，冗员netw ork redund ancydownsi ze 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot投票(= vote)impart ial 不偏不倚的(＜＞ partia l)lobby大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbin g 配音录制vogue时尚^ chicbizarr e 奇异的v.s. weird(怪异的)medioc re 平庸的dietit ian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoi sseur行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortl ist (BE) a list of applic antswho have been deemed suitab le and from whichthe succes sfulperson will be chosen à (v.)equili brium平衡，均衡questi onnai re 调查表，问卷quanti tativ e 定量的 (＜＞ qualit ative)contin gency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致incu r debts/hatred/danger v.s. occur, concur, recurethica l 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, ＜＞ unethi caldubiou s 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubiou s aboutthe result.manife stati on 显示，证明 (? manife st)subtit le 字幕，副标题(sub + title)^ subsid iary,submar ine, subway(BE: underg round, tube), suburb(~ downto wn, uptown, outski rts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理assist ant presid ent综合治理compre hensi ve treatm ent安居工程housin g projec t for low-income urbanreside nts信息化inform ation-based;inform ation izati on智力密集型concen trati on of brainpower;knowle dge-intens ive外资企业overse as-funded enterp rises下岗职工laid-off worker s分流reposi tionof redund ant person nel三角债chaindebts素质教育educat ion for all-rounddevelo pment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojec ts社会治安情况law-and-ordersituat ion民族国家nation state台独"indepe ndenc e of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan author ities台湾同胞Taiwan compat riots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
南京大学考博英语一本通--翻译分析与技巧
翻译南京大学考博英语翻译题型概述及考情分析南京大学考博英语的翻译题型共30分，分汉译英和英译汉两部分。
英译汉20分，汉译英10分第一部分：英译汉英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材，题材多为议论文。
南京大学的英译汉翻译部分占20分，给出2段10-15行200字左右的英文短文，要求考生将两篇短文翻译成中文。
每篇短文占10分。
题材涉及科技进步，气候危机等。
这部分主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解作者要表达的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
命题规律：1.句子较长，结构复杂其中可能包括定语从句，状语从句，同位语从句等，这些句子结构比较复杂，容易迷惑考生。
2.句子较短，暗藏杀机虽然句子较短，但其中陷阱很多，有省略句，虚拟语气，分割句（中心句和修饰语被其他成分分开）以及常见词特殊用法等，使得看似简单且没有生词的句子却不知何意。
例如2010年gives anyone with a mobile the chance to learn English-simply by calling a number and listening in.3.新词与生僻词的出现随着科技的进步，人们交流的频繁，在报纸上、口语中出现了一些新词，这就需要根据汉语的习惯以及平时的知识积累把它翻译出来。
例如2010年英译汉中the BBC’s development charity the World Service Trust.英国广播公司世界服务慈善发展基金会复习指导：1．正确理解翻译过程很多考生误认为翻译就是简单地将一种语言转换为另一种语言，其实不然，考生应该注意翻译过程包括阅读，理解，表达和检验，把一篇英文翻译为汉语，这几个步骤一个也不能少。
（1）通读全文，理解全文大意，为顺利翻译各个单句和某些难词获取背景知识。
这一点对大多数学生来说都不难做到。
南京大学博士入学专业英语词汇大全
A ayes贝叶斯Abbreviation缩写(词)Abrasion磨损abrade磨损Abrupt生硬的、突然的abrupt junction 突变结Absorb、absorption 吸附、吸收Absorption Spectra 吸收光谱absorptivity吸收能力ACC(accept)允收acceptor受主acceptor atom受主原子deep acceptor (lever) 深受主(能级)accepted mechanism常用机构acceptance接受REE(reject)拒收Accelerated testing 加速实验accelerator加速器Accent强调、口音accent lighting重点照明Access存取interprocessor access处理器间存取accessibility易接近、可以得到的、可亲accessible无障碍、易接近Accessories附件Acclimatization适应环境、气候适应acclimatization duration转换时间climate气候、环境条件Accomplish完成Accommodate使适应、容纳Accompanied伴随的Accumulation积累、堆积accumulating contact积累接触accumulation region积累区accumulation layer积累层cumulant累积accumulator累加器Accuracy精准度Achievable可完成的Acknowledge应答、承认clock/acknowledge时钟/应答Acoustic声学的Acquisition获取acquisition and tracking radar搜索与跟踪雷达acquisition probability目标探测几率Activation 激活active component 有源元件active device 有源器件activation energy 激活能active region 有源(放大)区active layer有源层、活性层activity ratio活动率activator活化剂Actuate开动、促使、驱使、激励actuated开动的actuator驱动器cylinder actuator油缸促动器Acute剧烈的Adaptation自适应adaptive filter自适应滤波器adapter适配器ADPCM自适应音频脉冲编码Adatom吸附原子Add-on追加Additive添加剂、附加的Address question提出问题direct addressing直接寻址indirect addressing间接寻址address assignment地址分配address bus数据总线Adduct加合物bis-adduct二度加合物Adhesion 附着adherence坚持、依附adherence to遵守conductive adhesive粘合剂silver paste conductive adhesive=conducting resin银浆导电胶anisotropic conductive adhesive单向导电胶Adiabatic绝热的adiabatic condition绝热条件adiabatically在绝热条件下Adjacent channel相邻信道Administrative行政的administration管理、行政(部)、总务部=general affairs deptAdmittance导纳、入场权、进入、通道admittance mechanism准入机制adolescence青春期Advancement 进步、提升advent出现Adverse不利的、相反的adverse effect不利影响adversely不利地、相反地Aerial天线dipole aerial偶极子天线antenna天线Aero航空的aeronautical航空的Affinity亲和、密切关系Aforementioned上述的、前面提及的Afterward后来、然后Agglomeration凝聚、附聚Aggregate汇集Aggressive有进取心的、积极的Aided辅助的computer-aided design (CAD)/test/manufacture (CAM)计算机辅助设计/测试/制造=assisted band-aid创可贴Airborne radar机载雷达spaceborne radar星载雷达Albeit 虽然、即使Alcohol酒精industrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台wet station沾湿台Alcove凹室、壁龛、盒子Algorithm算法imaging algorithm成像算法Aliasing混淆现象、混迭time-aliasing时间混迭time-domain aliasing时域混迭Alignment对齐mask alignment 掩膜对准alignment precision对准精度-mask aligner光刻机projection mask aligner 投影光刻机aligned对齐的、均衡的positive alignment自动校准aligned对齐的、均衡的Alkalidipping=degrease脱脂Alleviate 减轻、缓和Allowed band 允带Alloy 合金、化合物alloy-junction device合金结器件disordered alloy无序合金Alphabetize以字母顺序排列Alter更换alternative交替的alterential差速器alterential etbuttong微分腐蚀alterential coable微分系数alternating current 交流电流alterential差速器alterential etbuttong微分腐蚀alterential coable微分系数Aluminum=Aluminium 铝aluminum-oxide 铝氧化物aluminum passivation 铝钝化Ambiguous模糊不清的、引起歧义的umambiguous不含糊的、清楚的ambiguity模糊Ambipolar双极的Ammonia 氨Amorphous 非晶形的、无定型的amorphous silicon非晶硅morphology形态Amount量adsorption amount吸附量amounts of大量的amount to相当于、总计为amount due到期金额Ampacity安培容量、载流容量Amplifier 功放、运算放大器analogue comparator 模拟比较器Amplitude振幅magnitude幅度Analytically 分析analytically and pictorially 分析和绘图finite element analysis有限元分析法semi-analytical thermal analysis半解析热分析法analytical解析(法)numerical method数值分析法equivalent load method等效载荷法experimental method实验法analysis equation分解方程Angstrom 埃Anode 阳极(埃是光谱线波长单位)Animation动画Anisotropy 各向异性anisotropic 各向异性的isotropic各向同性的Annealing (低温)退火isothermal annealing 等温退火laser annealing激光退火Annihilated废止的、歼灭、宣告…无效、视…为无关紧要、废除、消除、取消Anodize阳极处理、阳极氧化ANSI美国国家标准American national standards institute美国国家标准学会Antenna天线loop antenna环天线Anticipated预期的Antifouling防污fouling污染、污垢contamination治污Antimonide锑化物antimony锑Aperture孔、孔径Apparatus装置ring-and-ball apparatus环球仪Apparent 显然的、表面上的、磁面apparently显然地apparent barrier障面Appealing吸引人的appeal申诉、上诉、吸引力appeallant上诉人petition for appeal上诉状Appendix附录Applicate将…置于…表面上applicator涂药器Appointed指定的Approach方法Appropriate适当的inappropriate不适当的Approval批准、审核verify核实approved by/checked by/prepared by核准/审核/承办Approximation近似diffusive approximation扩散近似Aragonite霰石AQL(acceptable quality level)允收品质水准/等级Arbitrarily武断、反复无常arbitrary任意、随意arbitrary value任意值arbitrary scale任意标尺arbitration仲裁Arcane不可思议的Architecture结构Archive存档Argon氩Ar-ion氩离子argon welding氩弧焊Argument自变量Arithmetic算术、运算algorithm算法Array阵列、一系列、数组、排列Arrhenius plot曲线图Arsenic (AS) 砷Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) 砷化嫁arsenate砷酸盐arsenal兵工厂、军械库Arsine胂、三氢砷化、阿尔西内(人名)Article章程articles of association=articles of incorporation企业章程articulate probe (with web stop)高灵敏度的探针(实验弯指)probe with web stop实验弯指Artificial intelligence人工智能Asbesto(s)石棉ASAP(as soon as possible)尽快Asphalt沥青A-Si films非晶硅薄膜=amorphous siliconAs-received 据接收情况as-deposited由沉积获得as-loaded据载荷as-grown未退火Assemble/assembly装配reassemble重新装配assembly line组装线subassembly组件、部件Assess评估assess fracture断裂评估Asset资产Associative结合的Assistance援助financial assistance财政资助assisted辅助的asymptotic渐近(线)的As such同样地Asynchronous异步的synchronous同步的Atmospheric noise大气噪声Atomic原子的Atomically 利用原子能地atomic force microscopy (AFM) 原子力显微镜(技术) adatom吸附原子atomic spacing原子间距Attainable可达到的、可得到的attain达到、实现、获得、到达attain to达到、获得attainment达到、成就、学识pertain to关于、属于Attenuate衰减attenuator衰减器Attractor吸引子、吸引区attractive force引力point attractor点吸子Attribute属性Audio音频、音频的Audit审核audit programme审核方案audit criteria审核准则audit evidence审核证据audit finding审核发现audit conclusion审核结论audit client审核委托方auditee受审核方auditor审核员audit plan审核计划audit scope审核范围Auger 俄歇auger process 俄歇过程Authentic真正的、可信的Autonomous system自治系统authentic真正的、可信的Autoregressive filter自回归滤波器regressive回归的、后退的、退化的Auspice 赞助、主办Authorized user授权用户Automated自动的Auxiliary辅助的auxiliary windding辅助线圈Available有效的、可利用的limited availability供应量有限Avalanche雪崩avalanche breakdown雪崩击穿avalanche excitation雪崩激发Avionics航空电子学Avoid避免Unavoidable不可避免的avoidance逃避、废止voidable可撤销的、可使无效的voided废弃的、有空间的、中心区空白的AWG(American wire gauge)美国线规Axis轴C-axis C轴B ackbone骨干Backward反向backside后方、背面back off后退、减轻Baffle挡板、使困惑baffled带有挡板的barricade=isolating plate=baffle plate隔板louvered百叶窗的Bake烤、烘焙baking finish/stoving varnish烤漆mirage black/piano black/piano finish/piano bake钢琴烤漆metal drawing 金属拉丝Balance平衡、相称balanced平衡的、匹配的Band能带band gap 能带间隙(带隙) band-edge emission 带边发射allowed band 允带blocking band阻挡能带conduction band (edge) 导带(底) empty band空带filled/occupied band满带flat band平带narrow band窄带forbidden band禁带band width通带宽度band-elimination带阻滤波器bandlimited function有限带宽函数(带限函数)band bending=energy-band bending能带弯曲、折弯banddiagram能带subbands部分波段、子带、次频带subband samples 次频带取样heavy/light hole band重/轻空穴带heavy/light hole band重/轻空穴带band alignment能带排列stopband阻带folded block折弯块sliding block=cam block滑块padding block垫块Ballast整流器ballasting resistor 整流电阻Ballistic弹道ballistic electron弹道电子quasiballistic准弹道Bankrupt破产的bankruptcy=insolvency破产Bar禁止、条(形)barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器bar diagram条形图Bare空的、赤裸的、露出Barreling=barrel burnishing=roll finish=slid abrading=tumbling滚光Barrier势垒、屏蔽barrier layer 势垒层barrier width 势垒宽度barricade=isolating plate=baffle plate隔板Base基极base contact 基区接触base stretching 基区扩展效应base transit time 基区渡越时间base transport efficiency基区输运系数base-width modulation基区宽度调制basis vector 基矢base、bear和bull转折点、空头和多头basement地下室baseline底线、基线Bath溶液copper plating bath镀铜溶液Baud波特Beam束beam lead 梁式引线beam density束淋度beam diameter射束直径beam divergence射束发散beam displacement束位移beam deviation factor射束偏移系数convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)会聚束电子衍射Bear out(borne out)证实bear轴承、承受、熊(空头)bear、bull和base空头、多头和转折点bearing轴承、忍受Behaved举止、行为、表现well-behaved良性的well-behaved preferences良好性状的偏好well-behaved technologies 良好性状的技术Bending弯曲度bending moment 弯矩wave induced bending moment波浪(诱导)弯矩upward bending上凸弯曲buckling压曲bow弯曲的Beryllium (Be)铍Be-doped铍掺杂beryllia氧化铍beryllium ceramics氧化铍陶瓷Bias偏置backward bias反向偏置biased偏置的Biaxially双轴的Bibliography书目提要Bilateral双向的bilateral switch双向开关lateral侧面的、横向的Bilayer双分子层bilayer system双层薄膜Bilinear transformation双线型变换Binding有约束力的、捆绑binding energy束缚能、键能Lattice binding晶格结合力=boundBinary二进制的binary code二进制代码binary compound semiconductor 二元化合物binary collision双碰撞binary alloy二元合金binary coded decimal system二进化系统binary intermolecular collision二元分子间碰撞binary collision approxima tion双体碰撞近似singe-binary collision单次双体碰撞binary counter二进计数器Bipolar双极性的bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极晶体管Bisector二等分线perpendicular bisector垂直平分线Bit位、比特、很小的bit manipulation位操作Blade刀片、插头的插片Blame责备、归咎于blamed the problem on把这个问题归咎于Blast冲击波blaster喷丸砂sand blast喷用沙grit blast喷砂=abrasive blasting=shot blastingBlend调配blends混合物blended混合、混杂的Blister气泡、气泡砂眼、吸塑blister card吸塑卡Bloch布洛赫Blocking阻挡blocking contact阻挡接触blocking band阻挡能带Blooming爆发Blotchy有斑点的speckle斑点Blow dry吹干dryer干燥机、烘干机Blunt钝的、生硬的、直率的dull钝的Blurred模糊不清的picture blurred图像模糊Board看板、厚纸板、板Bobbin骨架flanged bobbin带法兰的骨架Bode plot博德图Body-centered体心立方body-centered cubic structure 体立心结构face-centered面心立方Boldface黑体字Bolt螺栓hinge铰链fastener扣件tight a bolt拧紧螺栓looser a bolt拧松螺栓Boltzmann 波尔兹曼Bond键、债券(bond rating债券评级)Bonding键合debonding剥离bonded胶合bonding electron价电子wafer bonding 晶体键合fusion bonding 熔融键合anodic bonding 阳极键合low temperature glass bonding 低温玻璃键合Eutectic bonding 低共熔体键合adhesive bonding粘合键合direct bonding直接键合low temperature UHV bonding低温真空键合lead bonding引线键合lead frame bonding引线框式键合tape automated bonding (TAB)带式自动键合laser bonding激光键合ultrasonic bonding 超声键合infrared bonding 红外键合wedge bonding 楔焊inner lead bonding内引线焊接outer lead bonding外引线焊接ball bonding (球形键合)球焊thermocompression bonding热压焊thermosonic bonding热超声焊bonding pad键合点dangling bonds悬挂键bonded pairs键合对bond delamination粘结分层测量bonding medium键合介质band strength键合强度low temperature melting bonding低温共熔体键合Boolean布尔值Boot导入Bootstrap circuit自举电路bootstrapped emitter follower自举射级跟随器Boule 梨形人造宝石、议会、立法会议、众议院senate参议院parliament议会、国会Bound electron 束缚电子Binding(同义)lower bound下限upper bound上限Boundary边界(线)、晶界boundary condition边界条件grain boundary晶粒间界bounded有界限的、有限的Boron硼Boron-phosphorosilicate glass硼磷硅玻璃borosilicate glass 硼硅玻璃Bow(弯曲的) bending弯曲Borne out证实(bear out)Bracket括号、小磁导Bragg 布拉格distributed bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射层Bragg scattering布拉格散射Bragg curve布拉格曲线Bragg condition布拉格条件Branch分支、分歧branches conditional branch条件分支branch analysis支路法loop analysis回路法Brass=yellow coper=yellow metal黄铜red copper紫铜bronze青铜Bravais布拉韦brava好(向女性喝彩)bravado虚张声势、冒险Braze/brazing铜焊copper welding rod铜焊条TIG (tungsten-inert gas welding)钨极氩弧焊MIG(metal-inert gas welding)惰性气体保护焊Breadboard模拟板、实验板Breakdown 击穿breakdown field 击穿电场、崩溃电场breakthrough 突破break over转折channel breakdown沟道击穿breaker裂片、断路器break中断break point出像点、影像点break-out破出Brillouin布里渊brillouin zone布里渊区Brittle脆的ductile韧的、柔软的temperature embrittlement回火脆性Broadening增宽broadband microwave amplifiers宽频/宽带微波放大器broadcasting广播Broken line graph/line chart/line graph折线图curve曲线图Brow眉毛browbeat恫吓、吓唬brower浏览器Brownian布朗Bubble泡沫bubblers气泡器balloon气球bubble chart/graph气泡图Buckling压曲local buckling局部纵弯buckle带扣cord buckle线扣Budget预算energy budgets common常见的能源预算link budget链路预算Buffer缓冲器、备件double-buffered双缓冲spare parts=buffer备件Built-in 内建的build-in electric field 内建/固有电场build-in potential固有电位built-up组合的、相接的、合成的Bulb球泡灯Bulge鼓起Bulk 体、大量bulky体积庞大的bulk absorption 体吸收bulk generation 体产生bulk recombination 体复合bulk crystal growth单晶生长(技术) ZnO bulk crystal ZnO体晶bulk-like material类体材料Bureau局Burgers vector伯格斯矢量Burn - in 老化burn out 烧毁buried channel 埋沟buried diffusion region 隐埋扩散区bury隐藏、埋葬Burr金属、毛边deburr=coin压毛边Burst脉冲、猝发、爆发Bus总线deburring去毛头Bushing= sleeve 套管Button按键power button电源按键reset button重置键Buzzle蜂鸣器Butadiene丁二烯Buy-off认可C abinet机柜、箱体Cable电线、电缆cord软线Cache高速缓存Cadmium镉Calcium钙calcium carbonate碳酸钙Calibrate 校准Maury calibrated莫里校准法Call out唤起、出动、大声叫唤Can 外壳Case 管壳Cathode阴极Capacitor 电容Center中心capacitively容性的production capacity生产力channel capacity信道容量Cancellation取消、删除echo cancellation回波对消Candidate候选人Candle烛泡灯Canonical权威的Cantilever悬臂cantilever beam 悬臂梁cantilever shear beam method悬臂剪切梁法cantilever-beam impact testing悬臂梁式冲击实验Capability特指组织、体系或过程的“能力”competence特指人员的“能力”capable能胜任的、有才华的、能干的Capital大写字体、大写字母、首都、省会、资本家capital economic资本经济Capping effect覆盖效应diode capped表面修饰的二极管Capstan绞盘Capture 俘获capture cross section俘获截面capture carrier 俘获载流子CAR(corrective action request/report)改正行动要求/报告Carat ^(估计的符号)Carbide碳化物carbonate碳酸盐calcium carbonate碳酸钙carbonization碳化carbon brush碳刷carbonized碳化Career card履历卡Carry bit 进位位carry-in bit进位输入carry-out bit进位输出Carrier 载流子、载波carrier concentration载流子浓度carrier confinement载波限制carrier concentration layer 载子集聚层background carrier本底载流子capture carrier 俘获载流子excess carrier过剩载流子carrier recombination载子复合single carrier单载波carrier gas载气excess error超调误差Carton纸箱carton box纸箱Case案件、案子case by case一个一个案子(不同的)Cascade级联cast短阵cascade connection串联parallel connection并联cascade resonance串联谐振Cassette盒式磁带Cast铸件die-cast压铸的die-casting压铸cast metal金属铸件cast malleable iron可锻铸铁blow molding吹塑injection molding/molding注塑stretching die/drawing die拉伸模keel龙骨bar/section/section bar/profile/sectional material型材extruded section/extrusion profile挤压型材stamping冲压stamping parts冲压件punch forming冲压成型punch冲压机diel/stamping die/pressure die冲压模具mold模具cold forging冷锻anodize阳极处理、阳极氧化painting/spray paint 喷漆electroplate电镀oxidation氧化shot blasting抛丸、喷丸sand blasting喷砂baking finish/stoving varnish烤漆mirage black/piano black/piano finish/piano bake钢琴烤漆metal drawing金属拉丝Catalysts催化剂Catastrophic灾难的Categorize分类Causality因果性CCD电耦合器件CCM连续模式Ceased中断、停止ceaseless不断的、不停的cease to停止、不再出现某种情况Cell单元、单人小室work cell工作间Cellular多孔的、细胞的、蜂窝式的cellular phone移动电话、便携式电话Cement粘接、粘牢、结合剂、水泥solvent cementing溶剂粘接(剂)、液状粘固(剂)Ceramic陶瓷(的)Certain确信的uncertainties不确定因素Certificate证书qualification certificate资格证certification证明、认证Chain链、链条、链条槽Chamber封闭的腔体bubble chamber气泡室(箱)in a P chamber在掺杂P室Chamfer =reverse angle倒角、去掉直角Changeover转变Channel沟道、信道channel breakdown沟道击穿channel current沟道电流Channel doping沟道掺杂Channeling effect 沟道效应channel shortening沟道缩短channel width沟道宽度induced channel感应沟道channel resistance沟道电阻Chaotic混沌(类)的chaotic time sequence混沌时间序列chaos混沌stochastic随机的Characteristic特性、特征characteristic impedance特征阻抗characterization tools特性描述工具quality characteristic 质量特性Charge电荷、充电charge-compensation effects 电荷补偿效应charge conservation 电荷守恒charge neutrality condition电中性条件charge drive/exchange/sharing/transfer/storage电荷驱动/交换/共享/转移/存储electrical charge电荷overcharge过充Chart file=figure file图档flow chart流程图Chassis底板、底架、底壳、基座Cheesecloth粗棉布cheesed厌烦的、厌腻的Chip芯片、凿、劈、碎屑物、碎片chip yield芯片成品率on-chip片上Chloride氯化物chlorine氯chloral三氯乙醛chlorite亚氯酸盐Chop断续、斩波chopper斩波器scrap chopper=under cut清角Chroma浓度(色彩)、色度(光)Chromatography色谱分析法chrome色度Chuck丢弃、轻击Circular圆形的Clamped钳位clamping diode钳位二极管air-circulating空气循环cir-choke空气扼流圈air-cleaning facility空气净化装置circuitry电路、电路系统、电路学、一环路Circumstance环境circumstantial evidence旁证Citation index引用索引Civil民事的civil case民事案件civil mediation民事调解civil litigation民事诉讼citizens band民用波段Cladding电镀、包层、披覆cladding overlapping熔覆metal-clad金属包层metal chip金属碎片metal cover金属封盖metal coating金属镀层Clamper钳位电路Clarify阐明elucidate阐明、说明、提出Classical经典的classifier分类器classification整理、分类、等级、分级Cleaned清洗的cleaning cloth抹布cleanness清扫clean room无尘室cleanliness清洁度Clearance空间距离creepage爬电距离Cleavage解理cleavage plane解理面Click点击、单击、滴答声、定位销Client客户Climate气候、环境条件acclimatization适应环境、气候适应acclimatization duration转换时间Clipping剪切clipper diode限幅二极管Clock时钟clock rate时钟频率clock generator 时钟发生器clock flip-flop时钟触发器clock/acknowledge时钟/应答Close密、闭close-packed structure密堆积结构close-loop gain闭环增益close up靠近Cluster簇、组、集合clustering聚类Clutter杂波Coable系数dbreach coable漂移系数scattering coable散射系数engel coable恩格尔系数Coalescence 结合、聚结coalesced合并coalescence fronts联合战线、联合锋面island coalescence岛聚结voids coalescence孔洞聚合Coarse粗糙的Coat覆盖…的表面uncoated未经涂覆的coating涂覆Coaxial同轴的coaxial cable同轴电缆COB(chip on board)晶片在板上直接组装COC(certificate of compliance)出货合格书Coherently连贯地coherence一致、连贯性coherency相干性coherent相干的coherency strain相干应变coherency boundary共格边界Coil线圈core磁芯、铁芯copper铜皮uncoiler开卷机、展卷机corner剪切机、冲压机SEAM焊接机ball磨光机、洗涤干燥机uncoiler and strainghtener整平机Cold-walled=cold wall 冷壁hot wall 热壁cold-cleanning agent冷洗涤剂Color center色心Coloration着色、染色mixed color杂色discoloration羿色Collaborative合作的、协作的Collapse塌落Collector集电极collective集体的、共同的collectively共同地、全体地Collision碰撞collide碰撞Imping碰撞collision integral碰撞积分collisionless无碰撞的=impactColloidal胶体的、胶状的、胶质的collagen-like region胶原样区Column柱状图histogram直方图、柱状图stacked column分层柱状图Commenced 开始Commercial商业的Commit犯错误Common共、常用的、常见的common-base/collector/emitter connection共基极/集电极/发射极连接common-gate/drain/source connection共栅/漏/源极连接common-mode gain/noise/input共模增益/噪音/输入common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)共模抑制比Communication通讯spread spectrum communications扩频通信Community群体Commutative交换的commutator转接器Companding=compress压缩、压缩扩展Compartment隔间、格、舱、室wiring compartment接线盒、配线空间wiring compartment securement test布线稳定性测试Compatibility兼容性compatible兼容的compliant兼容的complain抱怨complaint抱怨、投诉、诉状Compensated补偿compensated OP-AMP补偿运放Compensation补偿compensated impurities补偿杂质compensatedsemiconductor补偿半导体compatible format兼容格式upward compatible向上兼容的Compiler编译器percompile预编译compile编译Competence特指人员的“能力”capability特指组织、体系或过程的“能力”Competitive with与…不相上下Complementary互补complementary error function/error function complement 余误差函数complementary Darlington circuit互补达林顿电路complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Compliment恭维、称赞、问候、道贺、祝贺Composite合成的Competing竞争competing product产品竞争、竞争性产品Complex 复杂的complex multiplication复乘complex exponential复指数Compound化合物、胶compound semiconductor化合物半导体potting compound灌封胶Composition 组成compositional组成的、创作的compositionally成份、组份、合成、合成物compositionally modulated film成份调制膜composite tape layer复合带层conposite insulating layer复合保温层conposite layer复合层axial composition fluctuation轴向成份波动Comprehensive综合的、广泛的、有理解力的Compression压缩compression strength抗压强度compression point压缩点compression yield point压缩屈服点Comprise/comprising包含、由…组成Computational计算的Concave凹的、凹面的Concealed隐蔽的、隐匿的concealed space隐藏空间concealed sprinkler隐藏式洒水喷头Concentration 浓度concentrators集线器、聚光器Concentric同轴的concentrically同轴地concentrically-wound同轴卷绕Concession让步scrap报废release放行regrade降级repair返修rework返工deviation permit偏离许可Conciliation调解、和解Concomitantly 附随地Condensation冷凝Conditioning调节、整修、训练、以…为条件conditioned有条件的、受制约的、习惯于…的、以…为条件、使适应conditioning time约束时间Conducted传导conduction/conductor导体conductance 电导conductivity电导率be conducted 执行conduction band (edge) 导带(底) conduction level/state导带态Valence band 价带conductive传导non-conductive非传导的conductor 导体Conduit护线管、导线槽、导线管、走线管道conduit connection导管连接metallic conduit金属导管bush connection 套管连接conduit fitting导线管接头、导管配件field-wiring connection现场连接conduit bushing导管套conduit openings 导管开口Cones锥形体cone角锥conical锥形conic圆锥的cone chart圆锥图Confer授予、给予confers to= granted赋予了、带来Conference会议video conferencing电视会议、视频会议conference call电话会议Confect混合、调制Configuration配置configuration file配置文件Confine 限制confinement限制confining受限的de-confined退禁闭carrier confinement载波限制refinement细化Confirm确认metrological confirmation计量确认Conflict冲突Conform to符合、遵照、适应环境Conformal共形的、正形的conformal coating贴护层、保形涂层Conformity合格(符合)、吻合性nonconformity不合格(不符合)Conjugated共轭的、成对的conjunction with与…结合Conpled configuration devices结构组态Consequential间接的incidental附带的、偶然的Conservation守恒、清洁charge conservation 电荷守恒conserve保存conserved保守的nonconservative非守恒的Consistent一致的self-consistency自洽性self-consistent field自洽场inconsistent不协调的、不一致的consistency结合、相容、一致Consolidate巩固、联合、使固定consolidate mechanical/electrical construction联合机械/电子结构Constituent成分Consumption消耗power consumption功耗Constant常数、常量constant energy surface等能面constant-source diffusion恒定源扩散variable变量Constantan wire康铜丝(镍铜合金，用于制作热电偶和热电阻)Constituent成分、组分、结构成分chemical constituent化学成分Constructive建设性的、相干的destructive破坏性的、相消的constructively or destructively相干干涉或相消干涉nondestructive testing无损检测Contact接触complex back contact复合背接触back contaction后部触点contact hole 接触孔Contain包含container容器、集装箱alcohol container沾湿台Contamination治污antifouling防污Contention争论、争辩、论点、争用Context内容、上下文Contingency可能性Continuity equation连续性方程continuity condition连续性条件continuum连续介质continual improvement持续改进Contour电路、轮廓、概要contour integral围线积分false contour伪轮廓Contract收缩、感染、合同、使缩短contractor合约商、承包人to bring a contract into effect使合同生效renewal of contact 合同的续订cancellation of contract=cancel the contract撤销合同breach of contract违反合同break the contract毁约tear up the contract撕毁合同annual the contract废除合同terminate the contract解除合同alter the contract修改合同abide by the contract遵守合同wages工资dispute争议obligation义务terms and conditions条款和条件guarantee担保employment/engagement雇佣interpretation 解释expiration期限Contrary相反的Contrast对比、对比度contrast ratio对比度Contribute to有助于Controlled受控的、受管制的Controversy争论、辩论Conventional常见的、传统的Convergent收敛的convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)会聚束电子衍射converging合并、会聚convergent、converged收敛的divergent发散的Convolution卷积cyclic convolution循环卷积linear convolution线性卷积circular convolution圆周卷积Convey传输conveyer传输器、流水线物料板converter转换器conveyer belt传送带Coolant冷却液、制冷剂coolant additive制冷剂添加剂cooler冷却器cooling冷却Coordination坐标coordinate坐标Copper铜、铜皮、铜片copper interconnection system 铜互连系统copper plating bath镀铜溶液Core核心的、关键的、磁芯、铁芯copper铜皮coil线圈Cord软线cable线材、线缆power cord电源线Correction校准、纠正highly correctable高度可校正的correction纠正(用以消除不合格)proventive action预防措施(用以消除不合格的原因)Correlation关联、相关temporal correlation时间关联spatio-temporal correlation时空关联Correspondingly相应地Corroborate证实、使坚固correlation function相关函数cross-correlation互相关Corrosion腐蚀Corundum刚玉(蓝宝石)=sapphireCorrupte掺杂Cosine余弦sinusoid正弦triangle三角pulse脉冲square方形Cosmetic inspect外观检查Cost成本Coulomb库仑Coulomb nature库仑性质Counter-intuitive反直观、与直观相反counteract抵消、中和、阻碍Countermeasure对抗Countersink埋头孔、盲孔through hole通孔bilind hole/blind via盲孔via过孔Courtesy好意、礼貌courtesy lamp踏步灯、门控灯、礼仪灯、车室照明灯by courtesy出于好意、习惯上Coupling耦合Covalent 共价的Coverage覆盖CP(capability index)能力指数CPK(capability index of process)(模具)制程能力参数Crack arrests 止裂tube crack管式炉裂解(技术)cracking裂化、裂纹Crash碰撞head crashes磁头碰撞Crayon蜡笔crayon chart/plot蜡笔图Crazing白斑Creep爬行creepage爬电距离clearance空间距离Criminal刑事的、犯罪Crimped起皱褶的、有波纹的crimped and plug connections压接连接和插接连接Criterion/criteria标准、准则、规范objective criterion客观准则CR(critical)临界的、关键的、极严重的critical shear stress临界切应力critical feature关键特征MAJ(major)主要的MIN(minior)轻微的Crossover 夸交crossunder穿交cross-term diffusion coefficient交叉期扩散系数cross-reference交叉引用Cross-section 截面、横截面standard stopping cross-section标准阻止截面capture cross section俘获截面Crosstalk串话、杂讯、串讯Crucial重要的、决定性的crucially重要地Crucible坩埚rude粗鲁Crudely estimated粗略估计cruel残酷的、无情的rude粗鲁的Crusher破碎机、粉碎机Cryptography密码学Crystal-field晶场Crystallographic 结晶的Crystal-field effect晶场效应Crystal-field splitting parameter光学化学序列Crystal-field-caused color晶体场致色crystal defect/face/orientation/lattice晶体缺陷/晶面/晶向/晶格Crystalline晶制的micro crystalline微晶crystallinity结晶度、结晶性absolute crystallinity绝对结晶性crystalline quality 结晶品质Cubic立方的、立方体的Culmination顶点Culture文化、教养Cumulant累积(量/数) accumulation积累cumulatively累积地、渐增地Current density电流密度current drift/drive/sharing电流漂移/驱动/共享current sense电流取样dark current暗电流current-gate电流-栅Cursor光标、指针mouse cursor鼠标cursory粗略的Curvature曲率、弯曲Cushion垫子、缓冲Custom定制、海关custom integrated circuit定制集成电路customer satisfaction顾客满意custom clearance/clearance of goods报关customary习惯性的Cutedges =side cut=side scrap切边Cutting 切削under cutting 钻蚀cut off截止、关断cut through刺穿、抄近路走过undercutting钻蚀undercut profile 钻蚀断面图linear cutting线切割Cyclohexane乙烷Cylindrical柱面的cylinder圆筒、汽缸、柱面、圆柱状物、油缸cylindrical plot/chart圆柱图Czochralshicrystal直立单晶czochralski technique 切克劳斯基技术(Cz法直拉晶体J) czochralski (切克劳斯基)牵引生长法D angled悬挂着的dangling bonds悬挂键Damaging有破坏性的Damp潮湿wet湿润dry干燥damping阻尼、衰减DAP(do all possible)尽一切可能Dashed line虚线、短划线Database数据库Datum基准点Daughtercard子卡daughterboard子板motherboard母板Dbreach coable漂移系数DCM断续模式Dead time空载时间、死区时间Debonding剥离Debye temperature 德拜温度Debye length德拜长度De.broglie德布洛意Debug调试debugger调试器Decay衰退、衰减Decderate减速deceleration减速Decibel (dB) 分贝Decimeter radiation次米波辐射decimal小数的、十进位的decimation抽选Decision element判定元件Decline下降、衰退Decode译码decoder解码器encoder编码器Decomposition分解thermal decomposition热分解Decompression解压缩Decreasing减少nondecreasing非减的Decrement消耗Decrypt/decryption解密encrypt/encryption加密Dedicated专门的、专注的、奉献的Deduced from 从…求出Defect 缺陷stress-induced defect 应力感生缺陷defect-trapping layer缺陷俘获层defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良defective product label不良标签excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷defective products=not up-to-gradeproducts不良品Defendant=the accused被告plaintiff原告Defer延期、服从Deficiency不足deficient purchase来料不良deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良Deform使变形、使畸变deformation变形shear deformation effect剪切变形对薄膜屈曲的影响Degate打浇口Degauss消磁erase擦除、消磁Degenerate简并、退化degeneracy简并度degenerate semiconductor简并半导体degenerate electron gas简并电子气Degradation退化thermal degradation热降解Degreasing除油、脱脂=Oil removing =unoilDegree度degree Celsius (centigrade)/Kelvin 摄氏/开氏温度degree of order有序程度Dehydration脱水hydrophobicity疏水性Delaminated分层、脱层had delaminated off剥落下来delamination rate剥离率delamination resistance抗脱层性bond delamination粘结分层测量delamination supply分层供给speck瑕疵、污点、小颗粒short射料不足shine亮斑splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞Deliberate故意的、深思熟虑的Delineated/delineating描述Delivery交付、递送、供货future delivery期货delivery deadline交货期Delta rule准则Demand需求Demonstrated介绍了、证明了、展示了、示范了Denote指示、表示Densification致密化、封严Density 密度、浓度density of states态密度Dent压痕Department (dept)部门personnel resource department人力资源部production department生产部planning department企划部section科accounting department会计部financial department财会部distribution department分发单位reponsible department负责单位Dependability可信性Dependent依赖time-dependent时间依赖、时间敏感Depict/depicted描述Depletion耗尽depletion effect耗尽效应depletion depth/layer/effect/MOS/region 耗尽深度/层/效应/MOS/区depletion of valence价耗尽Deployment部署Deposit 淀积、形成Deposition 沉积物Deposited 形成、存放、堆积deposited film淀积薄膜deposition process淀积工艺pulsed laser deposition激光脉冲沉积法Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) 有机金属化学气相淀积plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition等离子增强化学气相沉积Derived推导、由…而来derivation引出、推导derivational得来的、诱导的derivative衍生物、导数、微分derivative feedback微分反馈time derivative时间导数Descent下降steepest descent最陡下降法Describe/description描述description品名P/N(part number)品号、料号L/N(lot number)特采Design设计design and development设计和开发designated指定的、特指的Desorption flux去吸附通量Destructively相消干涉constructively or destructively相干干涉或相消干涉nondestructive testing无损检测Deterioration变坏、劣化、退化Determination决心、果断deterministic确定性的Detected检测到的detectable可检测的Development开发、显影projection投影design and development设计和开发development tool开发工具developer显像液Deviation偏差、背离frequency deviation noise=straggle频率漂移噪声concession让步scrap报废release放行regrade 降级repair返修rework返工deviation permit偏离许可DFM(dirty foreign materials)异物、杂质Diagnose诊断diagnostic诊断的Diagonal对角的diagonal matrix对角阵Dialog对话框dialogue对话Diamant=diamond knif金刚刀Die 管芯、芯片die-cast压铸的compound die合模die block模块spare die模具备品male die公模female die母模plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模gang dies复合模extrusion die挤出模Dielectric介电的、介质dielectric isolation介质隔离dielectric constant介质常数、介电常数Diesel fuel柴油Different区别difference-mode input差模输入differential amplifier差分放大器differential capacitance微分电容difference frequency差频differentiable可微的differentiator微分器adder加法器divider除法器counter计数器subtracter。
南京大学考博英语真题核心词汇
南京大学考博英语真题核心词汇1、beam,chuckle,giggle,grin,jeer,laugh,roar,sneer这一组都有"笑"的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。
beamv.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。
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chucklev.(书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
She does not laugh out loud;she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
gigglev.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
The schoolgirls giggled when the famous footballplayer walked into their classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
grinv.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
jeerv.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
laughv.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
roarv.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneerv.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇:homogeneous同质的反义词：heterogeneousdialect方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别、歧视 racial ~， discriminate (+against) hierarchy等级制度 heir(继承人) + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia=homesickness, patriot爱国者 patriotic, patriotism notoriety恶名 (notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate下级下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy(战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance ﹦ a subtle difference in meaning compatriot同胞 , 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国,本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India . Hispanic whose first language was Spanish immigration移入 immigrant, immigrate；emigration迁出 (emigrant, emigrate)antipodes： opposite sidespermeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur企业家 enterprise entrepreneurship practitioner开业者，从业者 praction (practice) + er celebrity： a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 (anecdotal)benchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee 缺席者flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 (harassment)redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚bizarre 奇异的 weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 debts/hatred/danger occur 发生, concur 同意一致, recur 复发ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (doubt) be dubious about manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 subsidiary 辅助的, submarine 潜水, subway 地铁, suburb 乡镇考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理： assistant president综合治理： comprehensive treatment安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents信息化： information-based; informationization智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工： laid-off workers分流： reposition of redundant personnel 过剩人员的重新定位三角债： chain debts素质教育： education for all-round development豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 草率的社会治安情况： law-and-order situation民族国家： nation state台独： independence of Taiwan台湾当局： Taiwan authorities台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分： Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions可持续性发展： sustainable development风险投资： risk investment通货紧缩： deflation扩大内需： to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)网络空间： cyberspace虚拟现实： virtual reality网民： netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪： computer crime电子商务： the e-business网上购物： shopping online应试教育： exam-oriented education学生减负： to reduce study load下岗： laid-off workers下海： plunge into the commercial sea下网： off line小康之家： well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀： up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类： New Human Being； X Generation信息港： info port形象小姐/先生： image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网： virtual net学生处： students' affairs division (分配、分派)研究生毕业证/学位证： graduate diploma/ graduate degree's diploma 摇钱树： cash cow以人为本： people oriented; people foremost义务教育： compulsory education易拉罐： pop can应试教育： examination-oriented education system舆论导向： direction of public opinion运球： dribble在职博士生： on-job doctorate早恋： puppy love招生就业指导办公室： enrolment and vocation guidance office (职业)证券营业部： stock exchange; security exchange知识产权： intellectual property rights中专生： secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱： mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店： exclusive agency; franchised store (营业权)自我保护意识： self-protection awareness综合国力： comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网： integrated service digital network (ISDN)公正、公平、公开： just, fair and open好莱坞大片： Hollywood blockbuster (大轰动)黄金时段： prime time假唱： lip-synch(同步)劲射： power shot拉拉队： cheering squad(小组、班级)来电显示电话机： caller ID telephone论文答辩： (thesis) oral defense泡沫经济： bubble economy票贩子： scalper, ticket tout (兜售)拳头产品： competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster三角恋爱： love triangle三维动画片： three-dimensional animation"扫黄"、"打非"： eliminate pornography and illegal publications (色情)申办奥运会： bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴： bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (复兴，中华民族)市场疲软： sluggish market (停滞的，萧条的)素质教育： education for all-around development筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富： cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (繁荣、昌盛)网吧： Internet bar网恋： online love affair网上冲浪： surf the Internet网上交易平台： online trading platform网友： net friend无人售票： self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话： cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议： WAP (wireless application protocol )附录:英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构：donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌：look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策：list… ..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导：take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来：integrate theory with practice …把握大局： grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后： get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯：guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施： adopt various measures参政、议政： participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量： be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局： break the deadlock打破禁区： break off a forbidden zone得出结论： draw ( arrive at， come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队：forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响： have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献： make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义： be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉： combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜： hold high the great banner (旗帜)给…带来机遇和挑战： present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止，消除)腐败： root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界： observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况： ease the tension回顾奋斗历程： review the course of struggle加快改革步伐： accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督： ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策： adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加：persist in reunification,，oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见： understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担：alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想： emancipate our minds (解放)解决温饱问题： solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题： resolve new problems进入世界先进行列： edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期： enter a new period进行和谈： hold peace talks进行战略性调整： make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协： accept a compromise on开发西部： remake the west (再制，改造)开始生效： go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进： open up new ways forward科教兴国：rejuvenate our country through science and education (恢复) 理顺关系：rationalize the relationship (使合理化)履行权利和义务：perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步：make an important step热爱和平：love peace深化改革：deepen the reform审时度势：size up the situation (打量，估计)实现发展繁荣：bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立：realize national independence实现夙愿：fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标：achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life (确保)实现中华民族伟大复兴：bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策：practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注：attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别：bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业：implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平：maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成：absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给：delegate the management of ... (to ...) (委托，代表，授权；管理)退还大量钱款：give back an amount of money脱贫致富：cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务：perfect services为… 带来多种经济和社会效益：bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机：present huge business opportunities吸收游资：absorb idle fund吸引外商投资：attract foreign investment下海：plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境：land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金：invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品：wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心：focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益：strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality (努力，反抗)优胜劣汰：select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输：give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力：have huge potential for与国际市场接轨：integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在… 建立分公司：set up branches in造成很大压力：pose a big pressure on造成损失：cause a loss to增加农业投入：invest more in agriculture占领市场10%：occupy (take，account for ) 10 percent of the market (占；考虑)招商引资：attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订… 法律：make a law of制定优惠政策：work out favorable policy制造假象：create smoke screens to do阻碍… 的经济发展：handicap(hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失：stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律：follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类不注重历史：neglect history把… 列为世界自然文化遗产：list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿)：put on airs (show off，keep up appearances)(外表) 保护文化遗产：protect cultural heritage (relics)(遗物，文物)博采各国文化之长：draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries (优点)采取保护态度：take protective attitude承担应有的义务：undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来：build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future(引导，引入)充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性：give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals触击现行法律的盲区：touch a blank area of the existing law (现存的) 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) (命令，吩咐；宣布离去，包围)从事电子商务工作：conduct e-commerce (引导，实施)促进儿童身心健康发展：promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally(身心)促进交流：promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展：facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products( 推进，促进)促进相互了解：enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持：enjoy grass-root support抵住… 的诱惑：resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度：take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟：show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智：develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力：tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术：enable literature and art to flourish；promote flourishingliterature and art反映中国的灿烂文化：reflect the rich culture of China放下架子：relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse；throw off one’s airs) (松开，放开；傲慢的，自大的)腐蚀人的灵魂：poison one’s mind (毒物，有害之物)改进教学：improve teaching and learning给学生减负：alleviate the burden on students和… 持相同观点：share views similar to互派访问学者：exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情：stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统：carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history；carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设：build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating (可信性) 交换意见：exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人：impart knowledge and educate people (传授，告知)经受住暴风雨的考验：weather the storm(处境，境遇)精心编写教材：compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网：purify the Net举办文化节( 展览会)：hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议：hold an academic meeting开创假日经济：initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力：exploit one’s potential开阔视野：widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程：offer courses开展对外文化交流：conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动：carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰：climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩：evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信：eradicate superstition (根除，消灭；迷信，盲目崇拜) 普及九年制义务教育：make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学思想，倡导科学精神：popularize scientific and technological knowledge，spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生：enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客：accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲：eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网：get on (have access to , be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心来挑选选手：carry on the quality education centering on moral education to choose players同教练反应一致：share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动和世界和平做出贡献：make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军：regain world champion(收复，恢复；蝉联冠军) 吸引中国大学生优秀选手：attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习：learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量： take on an opponent与强队竞争： compete with strong teams增进友谊： strengthen friendship展示技能：demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展：demonstrate(show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办 2008 年奥运会：support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会：host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛：sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会：grasp the chance to practise and learn响应号召：respond to the call修改法律：amend the laws宣布… 召开：announce the opening of徇私枉法：bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国：govern the country according to law引起全国的关注：arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注： attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利：win one victory after another在… 中起(至关)重要作用： play a major(crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力：enhance the rally power(重整，集合)增强综合国力和国际竞争： enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程： look into the great journey展现生机和活力：display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难： overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部：revive the west振兴中华民族：rejuvenate(revitalize) our nation政企不分： mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开：separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开： make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动：urge governments of all countries to takeaction抓住机遇：seize the opportunity转变政府职能：transform(shift) the government functions追求进步：pursue progress追求真理：seek the truth走进新时代：march(stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公： observe the relevant code of conduct and the lawand honestly perform one's official duties (规则，惯例；指挥，引导；执行，履行，完成)遵循规则： follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业： cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work (全神贯注地，把…奉献给…)保持国民经济发展的良好势头： maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy (动力，势头)保持国有股： keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活：guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂： be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法：adopt various methods采取反垄断措施： take anti-monopoly measures承担风险：bear(take) risk筹集足够的资金：raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) (收益，收入) 创收外汇：earn foreign exchange (currency) (货币，流通)刺激国内经济需求：spur domestic demand刺激国内需求：stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济：shift from extensive economy tointensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理经验：introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise促进地区间的合作：promote regional cooperation促进改革： promote reform促进全球经济一体化：foster integration with the global economy打黑：crack down on speculation and profiteering (制裁；思索，投机；倒卖；投机倒把)打假：take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods) (伪劣的，假冒的)打破垄断： break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉)：lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁： form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场：take back lost market发挥自身优势：give full play to one’s advantages (小心，谨慎)防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境：improve the environment for investment赶超先进：surpass the advanced给… 带来积极影响： bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整：gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产：notarize the properties (对…公正)和…达成(签订)协议：reach(sign) an agreement with (签字) 和…进一步合作：further cooperation with和…有合作关系： have cooperative ties with活跃市场：enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (全力以赴)计算出准确的工资水平： figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整：speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐：accelerate the competition加快努力： speed up efforts加强风险防范：prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理：reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力：ease the seriousness of deflation减轻… 的负担： reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效： downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency(效能，功效；薪金总额)剪彩： cut the ribbon(缎带，丝带)解除劳动关系：sever labor relation(断绝，中断)解放生产力：emancipate the productive forces ( free the productivity) 精简机构：streamline government organs (使简单化)竟争上岗： compete for the post举报非法行为：disclose any illegal activities (揭露，公开)开辟更多渠道： open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场：tap(favor) the Chinese market开拓市场：exploit markets控制通货膨胀： control inflation(keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距：widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场：expand consumption market留职停薪：retain the job but suspend the salary(维持，悬挂，中止) 面对可能的压力和竞争：face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利：seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展)： balance economy取缔非法收入： ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线：put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要：give way to the need for competition申请专利： apply for a patent实现目标： realize the goal适应… 的发展： adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重： suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态： decrease the imbalance缩小… 间的距离： narrow the gap between提高公务员工资： raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平：raise the management level提高居民生活：improve residents’standard of living调整产业结构：adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果精神：turn laboratory achievements into commercial以创新和实践为重点：emphasizing creativity and practice使英语达到更高水平：push one’s English to a higher level受到… 的关注：receive attention from疏导游客：divert tourists疏通关系：lubricate relationships (给…加润滑油)树立企业良好形象：foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡：punch the card; stamp the card(用力按；邮戳)陶冶情操：cultivate one’s taste(temperament)提倡文明的生活方式：advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质： improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识： raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度：raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会：offer a chance of education通过资格考试：pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质：see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步：push forward human civilization挖墙脚：undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明，精神文明一起抓： pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural(ethical) progress相互促进： help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设的成就：introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world向学生传授知识：impart knowledge to students消除误解：clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧：eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚： form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice以全新的面貌进入新世纪： enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教： teach students according to their aptitude(倾向，天资) 引起激烈争论：spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境：create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康：affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展：give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往：communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识：strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作：hunt for a job值得重视(关注)：deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件： control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展：give priority to the development of education 重视实用性：place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才：respect knowledge and respect competent people 四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度： help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡： keep ecological balance保持水土：preserve soil and water保护和改善生活环境，保护珍稀野生动植物： protect and improve the living environment and the protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地：reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术：adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法：apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建： participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动：take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应： produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式：pursue a“green”life创造良好的生态环境：create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展：promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能： develop solar energy防治污染：prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林： pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境： improve the eco-environment(ecological environment) 关闭化工厂：close chemical plants加大污染治理力度：strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化： strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护： strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设： improve the eco-construction加强水土保持： reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度： adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆： reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费： reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘：decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划： further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧：prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育：advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动： advocate green activities扩建管道网络： expand the pipe network普及环保知识：popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码：snatch password窃取知识产权：lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准：implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机： crash computers使用再生纸： use recycle paper探索… 的奥秘：probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉：eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平：raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识：improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重：increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒：unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设：perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地：provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物：supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护：enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放：decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播：strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题：result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延：prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识：enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典：defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题：tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源：attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母：disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理：advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况：conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望：pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活：reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭：encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活：lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策：stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查：carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验：inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元：start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长)：control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低：bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变：pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观：damage the morality of human society缩小代沟：narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育：encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚：ask for a divorce提高人口素质：improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权：safeguard and promote the peo ple’s rights to subsistence and development维护人权和不断改善人权状况：safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件：enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异：display a marked difference优化人口结构：optimize the population structure优生优育：bear and rear better children占总人口的10%：account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念：result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学：benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系：correctly handlethe relationship of economic development versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见：ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱：earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题：pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威：undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障人权：respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与… 比赛：avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻：mark a historic time表现完美：give some very good performance剥夺冠军：strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法：adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力：participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛：take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动：articipate in the bidding campaigns超过世界记录：surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲：ecome the pride of the nation创新世界纪录：set a new world record到国际体育标准：reach the standard for international games打败比利时队：defeat Belgium打破恶性循环：break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录：beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练：serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠：take the crown反对使用兴奋剂：oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求：meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性：become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气：boost the morale of the team members获得认可：gain recognition获得团体冠军：win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志：fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜：gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部：set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯：compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果：satisfy with the draw面对强手：face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛：blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施：furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验：gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格：qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛：ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥：bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军：miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破：fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌：dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力：wake up one’s life使中国以3 ∶2 取胜：give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议：make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平：raise the level of the Chinese team。
3.考博英语翻译技巧+
考博英语翻译技巧1、考博翻译主要是考理解2、把题目忠实、通顺的写成中文或英文翻译的实质：对语言进行编码和重新再编码；涉及到两种语言之间意群的编码和重新再编码。
考博翻译和考博阅读的区别：1、阅读是被动技能；翻译是主动技能2、翻译的词汇深度远大于阅读eg. develop 发展；资源的开发；养成某种习惯；得病3、翻译是一个使用英语语言能力的平台翻译的标准： 1. faithfulness 信（忠诚）2. expressiveness 达（达意）3. gracefulness 雅（优雅）考博翻译的标准：忠实、通顺eg. Of study（论读书）Of study, study serves for delight, for ornament and for ability.（读书可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。
）of 所要谈论的是...... study 指学习的一种具体形式，即读书of study 论读书delight 高兴、愉快ornament 装饰、修饰ability 能力、才能、才干读书可以使人高兴；读书可以装饰某人，充实某人；读书可以提升某人的能力，增长某人的才干。
翻译的三大译法：一、直译字对字的翻译（literary translation）占考研翻译中80%的题目eg. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
to add fuel to the fire 火上浇油。
确定一个目标并不是非常困难的，真正困难的是如何脚踏实地地实现这个目标。
It is not very difficult to set up a goal, what is really difficult is how to achieve it diligently.二、意译(free translation) 完全抛开原句的句子结构去翻译eg. Adolescents (青少年), boys and girls, from deeply sentimental (多愁善感的) attachments (情感), walk and talk together.情谊绵绵的孩子们同行同语.注意：意译在考研英语翻译中占20%。
考博英语常见知识点总结
Whisper 小声细语Proclaim 大声宣告reclaim 纠正，收回acclaim 欢呼，喝彩claim 要求，声称Deteriorate 使土地变坏，恶化Criticize 批评object 反对不及物动词object to/against oppose 反对，及物动词，直接跟宾语反对某种观点或计划frown 皱眉frown on 不同意Renown 声誉名望prominence 卓越，显著的地位authority 权威，专家，当局Intensify 加剧enforce 迫使Feasible 可行的appropriate 合适的apt 有……倾向的，恰当的Countenance 面容，表情Hindrance阻碍Patriotisms 爱国主义Reproach 斥责beyond reproach 无可指责的reprehend 斥责Plague 瘟疫，灾害，折磨Avail 利用，效益，有利于avail oneself of sth 利用Indulge 沉溺于，放纵indulge inLaudatory 赞美的lascivious 好色的，淫荡的languish 憔悴的lethargic 昏睡的，无生气的Fill one’s prescription 给某人开处方To be blame for 主动结构表示被动意义，不能采用blame的被动形式Be charged with被控告denounce 公然抨击Identical 同一的，完全相同的superficial 表面的，肤浅的At best 最多al length 最后，详细的in bulk 大量的，详细的in effect 实际上Get by 过得去，过活get around 出行V oluntarily 自动的，以自由意识的compulsorily 强制的Eliminate 消除，淘汰dispose 处理，处置exclude 排除extinguish 熄灭，扑灭abolish 对法律习俗的废除Accommodate 提供住宿/房间，迎合，迁就furnish 提供生活或某种用途需要的东西Admit 说服，再三追问下承认confess 坦白，招认concede 勉强不得不承认Affiliate 加入，成为……的一部分Stretch 延展，延伸stretch one’s mind绞尽脑汁reinforce 加固，增援Bewilder 使困惑，茫然perplex 使疑虑不安Compel 强迫，迫使，使用权力/力量迫使Constrain 力劝，强迫更强调内心的情感的迫使Force 强迫（暴力威胁）常用被动语态Oblige （法律/习俗）强迫常用被动语态Confinement 限制，囚禁restraint 克制，抑制Credible 可信的，可靠的credulous 轻信的plausible 似乎可信Transcend 超出，超越（一般经验/常识）难以为大众理解Feasible 可行的practicable 可行的practical 实用的pragmatic 实用的，务实的Refrain 抑制，禁止不及物动词正式refrain fromRestrain 限制及物动词restrain sb from doing sthconstrain 限制，力劝及物动词subordinate 次要的，从属的，下级的acquire 经过努力逐渐获得的知识/才能/习惯等attain 经过努力获得不曾预料的结果，达到某一目标obtain 获得，买到，正式语体gain 通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，或军事武力夺取adjust 微小的改变或技术调整amend 正式修改法律文件等alter 使事物在外观/性质/用途方面稍作改变strive for superiority over their peers 力争优于同龄人plight 困境polarization 极化，对立plague 折磨tentative 实验性的decisive 决定性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 暴跌fluctuate 波动sophisticated 复杂的，世故的shrink 收缩inscribe 雕刻decorate 装饰maintain 保持BIM equals body mass divided by the square of height. 公式BIM=体重/身高的平方In essence 事实上in turn 依次Quality as 被认为Grounded in health concerns 基于对健康的关注Around the corner 在拐角处，迫在眉睫，即将到来Take over 接管Withdraw 有“提款，取款”的含义funds a re withdrawn from the issuer’s accounts. Cope with 处理，解决fight against 对抗，抵制Concern with 关心，挂念concern for 关心，对……的关心Control over 控制，支配Take to 喜欢take after 与……相像take on 承担take with 将……带上Be capable of 能够Down-trodden 被压迫的Explosive population growth 人口爆炸A torrent of migration 移民潮By the turns of the century 在世纪之交Miracle 奇迹miseries 痛苦，灾难Make life less than complete 使人生不完整因果关系thus表示结果for表示原因Utterly 十分，完全的arrogant 傲慢amusing episode 有趣的插曲drawn 疲惫的whimsical 异想天开，古怪edict 法令，告示Pass around by word of mouth 口头相传Improvise out of ……即兴而发Deduce 推断，演绎Time-honored 历史悠久的An inflated ego 膨胀的自我pant 喘气，气喘吁吁的讲pant toBrim 边缘full to the brim 满满当当sort out 整理For all that 尽管granted that 即使despite the fact that 不管（引导让步状语从句）Conform to 遵照，顺从Proponent 支持者，提倡者predecessor 前辈belittle 贬低Improvisation 即兴创作dogged 顽固的prodigious 惊人的jettison 抛弃Elaborate 精心制作的watershed 分水岭，流域astounding 令人震惊的Raucous 喧闹的Dogmatic explanation 教条的解释indignant denial 愤怒的拒绝Enthusiastic praise 热情的赞扬speculative study 思辨的研究Proposition 命题demographic 人口统计学Dropout 退出groundless 毫无根据，莫须有Spectacularly 壮观的Emit 排放green house gases 温室气体Protest 抗议politicking 政治活动Holistic 整体的Be fascinated with sth. 对……很是着迷In bad shape 一团糟pastime 消遣，娱乐Live off 住在……外，靠……生活A earn B’s living A 争钱养活B，B靠A养活Take in 接受，接待；吸收，理解；包括；轻信；注意到；欺骗On the side 兼职，另外Contend 竞争，主张，声明Bring in 引进，带来，生产Multifarious 五花八门Perception 感知，观念perspective 观点Miscellaneous 杂项miscellaneous domains 多项领域For its own sake 为了其自己的利益pursuit 追求knowledge pursuitOrient 东方的，标定方向，使……成为东方oriented 导向的，定向的Career oriented aspectDestination 目标working skill-oriented destinationPrevailing 盛行的，普遍的prevailing senseCradle 摇篮nurture 培育，滋养be taken as the cradle to nurture dreams Chase up 追求survive in the fierce competition 在激烈的竞争中生存下去broaden eyes 拓宽眼界satisfy the natural curiosity 满足好奇心cultivate a creative mindexplore the answers for the meaning of lifegive rise to lead toprevail over 战胜prevailing 流行prevail取胜，占优势，盛行prevail on/upon 劝说，诱使I’m not a believer in the agreement that ……practical need 实际需要offer satisfied answer to the practical need of each studenta case in point 一个例子let alone 更不用说not to mentionfind themselves in an awkward situation whereinvariably 不变的carry a duel role 扮演双层角色aroused by 激起，引起run into difficult 遇到困难tackle 解决to tackle this problemtake priority over 优先take the upper hand 占上风business prosperity 商业繁荣indispensable 不可或缺的mutual 相互的mutual relationship between A and B take severe measures 采取严厉的措施adept 熟练，内行，老手averse 不喜欢的，厌恶的affectation 假装，做作aptitude 才能，天资denounce 告发，斥责renounce 正式放弃pronounce 宣告，断言apprise 通知，告知appraise 评估，鉴定assent 同意dissent 不同意ascent 上升descent 下降retire 退休retreat 后退，撤退retract 收缩，收回retard 延迟，迟缓refrain 抑制，禁止optimal 最优，最佳oppressed 压迫的take priority over 优先于segregation 种族隔离，分离specification 说明书subscription 捐献，订阅dispense 发放dispose 处理disperse 分散，驱散dispatch 调度，派遣contaminate 污染culminate 达到高潮contract 合同incentive 激励fugitive 逃亡equality 平等equation 方程式equivalent 等价物equity 公平concise 简洁的decisive 决定性的，果断的decline 减少incline 俯身recline 躺下，靠reflect 反应inflect 曲折变化deflect 偏离inflexible 灵活的affluent 富足的fluent 流畅的fluctuate 波动，欺负affirm 坚定不移的肯定或声称assert 不管事实如何，主观自信的宣称或清楚有利的支持allege 无凭无据的情况下宣称断定claim 要求声称，断言，多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张aggravate 加重（负担，罪行，病情等）reinforce 增援，一般用于军队或警察活动detach 拆开组合的物体，远离，疏远divide 将整体分为若干部分ambiguous 意义含糊，有歧义的指因字词句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清，难以理解和把握obscure 因光线不足而看不清，引申为语法文字记忆因复杂深奥模棱两可而使人难以理解vague 含混不清楚的，因逻辑不清言辞笼统而导致意义不清楚轮廓形状不清楚unclear 句意字迹不清楚blame 责怪，归咎于blame sb for ding sth condemn 谴责，用于正式严肃的场合reproach （书面语）责备，表不满scold 责骂，训斥brittle 易碎的，易损坏的指坚硬的东西fragile 必须小心使用才不会碎的东西，引申为体弱虚弱frail 体弱的虚弱的或东西易碎的invalid 不正确的，无效的boundary 边界，界线多指作为界线的标志物border 较宽的边缘两国分界附近边缘地带frontier 边界，边疆引申为未开发的领域学术前沿verge 道路花坛边缘，某事即将发生之际on the verge of warbrief 简明扼要简短的时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了虽短却不失体面concise 简要精炼保留主要部分curt 三言两语，简短的，草率的succinct 简明的，简洁的，简练的用词简练component 零部件（某事物）组成部分element 元素，组成部分，方面factor 因素，要素ingredient 原料，成分，要素abide by 遵守，同意adhere to 遵守conform to 遵守，符合comply with 遵守，服从（正式）comprise 包含，包括，组成compose 构成be composed of (被动语态) consist 构成consist of 主动语态constitute 构成conserve 保存保藏保护（节约）reserve 保留，储备订座位preserve 保护维持保养continual 连续不断频繁时有发生continuous 连续不断的中间不停顿constant 不断经常始终如一的经常出现incessant 不停的持续不断的令人厌烦的不断出现中间可能有停顿convert 转换，转变（观点）invert 使颠倒反向（位置方向）revert 归还，回复原状transform 改变转变（外观，性质）reproach 责备reprehend 斥责plague 瘟疫灾害折磨avail 有利于，利益avail sb of sth 利用deprive 剥夺indulge 放任，沉溺于at best 最多at length 最后，详细的in bulk 整批，大批get by 过得去，过活get away 逃脱，离开get around 出行get along 和睦相处get through 被理解向…讲清楚strive for 力争ascertain 查明plight 困境plague 瘟疫tentative 暂时的，实验性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 骤跌fluctuate 波动negligent 懈怠的edible 食用的fabulous 难以置信的，惊人的，极好的disproportionate 不成比例的pass up 错过repeal 废止，撤销resent 怨恨clarity 透明的slack 使缓慢shrill 尖锐torrent 连续不断的tensile 拉长的textured 特征显著的wither 枯萎catastrophic 灾难性的by virtue of 由于，凭借for the sake of 为了……利益advent 到来，出现subsidize 资助cast a shadow over 给……罩上阴影soak to the skin 湿透chat away 闲谈in no mood 没心情in the course of 在……的过程中in line with 与……一致be a match for 配得上，可匹敌的agree by 受到认同resonate with 得到回应none the better for it 不会因为……变得更好，依然如故to the core 彻底的，完全的to the end 到底in custody (法庭审判前)被拘留监禁in jeopardy 处于危险中in suspicion 被怀疑in probation 被缓刑amount to 相当于contribute to 促使……发生dedicate to 将（时间精力）奉献给（工作事业）add to 增添recite prayers 诵经jointly-acquired property 共同获得的财产by account 相反的insidious 潜伏的，阴险的thrive 兴盛，茁壮成长humiliation 羞辱subtle 微妙的dozing off 打瞌睡self-reliant 独立的self-sufficiency 自给自足bleak 昏暗的，凄凉的depict 描绘trail 拖沓而行，跟在……后面flinch back 退缩desolate 荒凉的bustling 繁忙的thriving 兴旺的fraudulent happiness 虚假的幸福fraudulent 欺骗的deluding 欺骗euphoric 欣快的繁荣昌盛prosperity崎岖不平rough惊天动地earth-shaking典雅大方elegant and graceful轻柔松软soft and light立场坚定firm in stand(将四字词组译为介词/副词/不定式短语) 目光远大broad in vision 头脑敏捷swift in wit 业务熟练qualified in profession 才华出众outstanding in talent 风格高尚noble in character思想正确、办事公道correct in their thinking and fair挑拨离间foment dissension foment 煽动dissension纠纷兴风作浪stir up disorder纵目眺望as far as sight could reach农民工migrant workers guest workers奢侈无度extravagant 挥金如土spend money like water老黄牛hard-working men水深火热in deep water风驰电掣as quick as lighting捕风捉影to run after shadows人山人海a sea of people摇唇鼓舌to set tongues wagging敲门砖an open sesameHorizon 视野，眼界Publicize 宣传丰富知识、开阔视野enrich one’s knowledge, broaden one’s horizon留学生overseas students人才流失brain drain汉语热Chinese language craze据统计according to statistics高等学校institution of higher education开设汉语课程offer courses of Chinese language主要目的是for the main purpose of从事贸易活动engage in trade activities传达……信息convey a message that低碳生活low carbon life减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of carbon dioxideExpenditure 花费，开销Conduct 行为，举止；实施be conducted in …manner如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉中改变了人们的生活方式Nowadays, this fashion prevails in some big cities of China, altering people’s life before they realize it.Practice 实行节约用电save electricity 塑料袋plastic bags 一次性产品disposable products Disposable 一次性的，用后即弃的乘坐公共交通工具take public transport节能环保energy-efficient and environmental-friendly大大有利于contribute tremendously to …全球气候变换及环境恶化global warming and environment deterioration Inevitably 不可避免的Stick to traditional principles and beliefsTurn blind eye to keep pace withBe labeled as 被贴上……的标签mutual communication 互相沟通Narrow the generation gapPessimist 悲观者optimist 乐观者gloomy 阴郁的distressing 惨的，令人痛心的Pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的Judge the situation from opposite perspective 角度Bring into public view 引入公众视野Engage in employment 从事就业Misconception 误解hold the misconceptionSpoil their childrenEnrollment 注册，报名the expansion of university enrollment 大学扩招Flood into job-hunting marketTake measures to 采取措施Cultivate their children independenceTestify 证明Shoulder their obligation 承担他们的义务Real-estate 房地产Reconciled 调和，妥协consolidate 综合deteriorate 恶化Reconcile to 顺从于be reconciled with sb 于某人和解reconcile sth with sth Interrupt 打断某项正在进行的动作bother 打扰（语气较轻）interfere 未经允许/无权而妨碍，阻挠，干涉他人之事（语气较轻）intervene 介入，调停（语气重）Invocation 祈祷，符咒obsession 痴迷，困扰obsession withVulnerable 易患病的allergic 过敏的Obsolete 过时的obscene 猥亵oblique 斜的Provision 供应provisional 临时的sensational 轰动的sentimental 感情的，多愁善感的Integral 完整的instinctive 直觉的intangible 难以理解的触摸不到的无形的ingenious 巧妙地有独创性的Inside and out 彻底的Practitioner 从业者forerunner 先行者，先驱Come to light 曝光，泄露Turn in 缩小turn over 反过来turn up 找到，出现turn out 结果是Inertness 惰性光盘行动“Clear Your Plate” CampaignPropose 建议diner 用餐者食客leftover 残余的，剩菜take leftover home 将剩菜打包回家全国粮食总产量the national total grain output人为灾害man-made disasterRestraint 限制without restraint 无限制，大肆饥饿至死die of starvation资源短缺shortage of resourcesConfronted with 面对Implement 实施implement politics ofMeans doing sthRequire sb to do sth随着人们的生活水平和消费水平日益提高with the increasing development of people’ living standard and consumption levelTrash cans 垃圾桶处理成本disposing costEntertain 热情招待款待娱乐entertain friends at home去临近的景点游览take a trip to nearby tourist attractions家庭预算紧张tight family budget出游成本不断攀升rising travel cost节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路（expressway）、城市道路拥堵（congestion），是促使他们家中度假的两大原因overcrowded tourist sites, congestion of expressways and city roads are the two major factors contributing to their staycation. Conspicuous 明显的，突出的Bottom line 底线reduce their bottom lineRob a child of his/her childhood 掠夺From my own perspective for my partCeremoniously 隆重地gather ceremoniously 隆重集会Obligations 义务，债务（可数名词）履行权利与义务perform the responsibilities and obligations建立社会主义制度establish a socialist systemCorruption 腐败，贪污root out a corruption 根除腐败root out 根除，肃清Vigor 生机vitality 活力展现生机与活力display vigor and vitality Comprehensive 综合的，广泛的，有理解力的comprehensive national strength 增强综合国力competitiveness 竞争力增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitivenessEdge into 慢慢挤进，慢慢取得rank 等级，行列进入国际先进行列edge into advanced ranks in the world解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing与日俱增increase every day实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes fulfill 履行（诺言），达到（目的）Forge 锻造，捏造forge a people’s army 锻造一支人民军队国防national defense build a strong national defense 建立巩固的国防进行和谈hold peace talks修改法律amend the laws遵循规则follow the principles principle 原则，准则把理论与实际结合起来integrate theory with practiceRally 召集，集合增强凝聚力enhance the rally powerResume 继续，重新开始，摘要，概略，建立结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talksStrategic 战略性的readjustment 调整进行战略性调整make strategic readjustmentBackwardness 落后摆脱贫穷与落后get rid of poverty and backwardnessBring about 实现实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity Infringement 侵犯，违反，违背保护妇女的权利不受侵犯guarantee women’s right against infringement把……看作社会公敌look upon…as a threat to society恐怖主义terrorismTap 开发，汲取，割，轻声走，阀门，塞子Favor 欢心，支持，照顾，促成开发/青睐中国市场tap/ favor the Chinese market有巨大潜力have huge potential for…阻碍handicap / hamperInvest 投资，调查，授予有望达到be expected to reach造成很大压力pose a big pressure onAccount for 说明原因，导致，引起（在数量/比例上）占，对……负责Occupy 占领，使用，从事占市场的10% occupy /take /account for 10 percent of the market加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuringAnti-monopoly 反垄断采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to加速努力speed up efforts to建立分公司set up branches inPolicy 政策，策略把……列为基本国策list……as fundamental national policies 发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advanta ges开拓市场exploit market扩大消费市场expand consumption market扩大/缩小贫富差距expand /narrow the gap between the rich and the poor提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities赶超先进surpass the advanced遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economyOrientation 方向，定位，方针，任职培训gear 接上，调和，使适应根据市场做出调整gear oneself to the market orientation牟取暴利seek excessive profits excessive 过分的，极度的提高公务员工资raise the salaries of civil servants计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior下岗职工laid-off workers通货膨胀inflation损失惨重suffer great losses制造假象create smoke screens to do陷入困境land oneself in deep trouble被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribesDisclose 公开，揭露举报非法行为disclose illegal activities活跃市场enliven the market十分重视attach importance to大力发展strive to developDomestic 国内的刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand打破垄断break the monopoly调整产业结构adjust industrial structure开展对外文化交流conduct culture exchange with other countriesStrong point 长处，特长draw on 利用，借鉴博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of cultures of other countriesMass 大量的，集中的，群众的mass media 大众传媒mass production 大规模生产mass organization 社团开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture继承carry onCompetent 有能力的，能干的，称职的，胜任的，适合的competent people 人才Achievement of culture advancement 文化建设的成就加强文化基础设施建设build more culture establishment提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization改进教学improve teaching and learning文化遗产culture heritage /relicsBrand-new 全新的，崭新的以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look通过资格考试pass qualification examinationsCompulsory 义务的，必须做的普及九年义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universalPopularized 普及，使流行make…universalCompile 编制，编辑，收集编写教材compile the textbooks承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations促进相互了解promote mutual understanding相互促进help each other forward互派访问学者exchange visiting scholarsAccommodate 容纳，适应，提供住处，帮忙发挥聪明才智develop one’s o wn talent and wisdomIntellectuals 知识分子initiative 主动性n. 自发的，初步的adj.充分发挥知识分子的积极性与创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals开设课程offer courses重视实用性place stress on practicalityPirate 海盗船，盗版者，强盗n. 抢劫，剽窃，盗用v.pirated software 盗版软件有力地推动教育发展give a big push to the development of education承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future / inherit the past and user in the future物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention on material progress and mental progress形成文明/健康/崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practiceEcological environment 生态环境eco-environmentEco-construction 生态建设防治污染prevent and control pollution加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city保护森林conservation of forest帮助减缓全球变暖的速度help slow down the pace of global warming Infrastructure 基础设施完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure Sustainable 可持续的，可忍受的促进可持续性发展promote sustainable developmentSolar 太阳的，日光的，利用太阳能的solar energy 太阳能清洁能源clean energy resourcesFuel 燃料，食物，加油，激起使用清洁能源burn clean fuelImplement 实施，执行v. 工具器械，手段实行严格的排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standardsTackle 用具，装备，阻挡n. 着手处理，解决，应付v.治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problem of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance of saving resourcesExploitation 开发，剥削，利用，广告推销采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods削减污染物排放decrease the disposal of pollutionsCensus 人口普查，统计进行全国人口普查carry out national population census总人口为have a population ofPrivate life 私生活Transition 过渡，转变，变迁Bring about 实现，造成，引起，使船掉头实现向低出生，低死亡，低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about the transition of modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growing rate过孤独的生活lead an isolated lifeUrban residents 城市居民Ideology 意识形态，思想思想和观念ideology and concepts对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their childrenUndermine 逐渐削弱，从根基处破坏，挖墙脚逐渐削减长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resourcesMorality 道德，道德观，品德高尚的行为损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society提高人口素质improve the population quality优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children rear 养育尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rightsSubsistence 存活，生计Safeguard 维护，防护措施维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote people’s rights to subsistence and development坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning取得世界杯决赛的资格qualify for the World Cup finals qualify for 有资格，晋级展现技能demonstrate their skillsTeam title 团体冠军win the team title急于获胜gain an eagerness to winRecognition 认可Wretched 恶劣的，不幸的，悲惨的打破恶性循环break the wretched cycleEngender 产生，造成，引起Spur 刺激，加速促使spur us on to doLay a solid foundation on 打下基础Make a first draft of 打草稿Bring our talent into full playGive full play to 充分发挥Conscientious 认真负责的，本着良心的，谨慎的be conscientious for Publicize 宣传Attach great importance to /take the matter seriously 重视Numerous 无数的，数不清的Indispensable 不可或缺的Migrant workers 农民工Urbanization 城市化Irreversible process 不可逆过程Unprecedented 前所未有的，史无前例的Insightful 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的insightful perspective Conspicuously 显著的，明显的Dweller 居民city dwellersIn all walks of life 在各行各业Industriously 努力的，辛勤的labor industriously 辛勤劳动Despise 鄙视，看不起Once in a while 时不时，偶尔Deferring 推迟，拖延Penalty 处罚financial penalty 罚款Moral denouncement 道德谴责Incur 招致，引起be incurred toOffenders 犯罪者，犯规者，妨碍的人Painstaking 不辞辛劳地painstaking effortsRepression 压迫recession 萧条Have access to （抽象的）进入Have enough scope for 有足够的余地/机会Snatch 抽空做，抓紧机会做scratch 擦，刮scrap 扔弃，摔毁seize 抓住Exhaustible 用的尽的exhaustive 无遗漏的Plaudit 拍手喝彩称赞plenary 十足的完全的platitude 陈词滥调平凡Erosion 侵害侵蚀depletion 损耗violation 违背delusion 错觉Eclectic 折中的Sensation 感觉知觉激动轰动exaggeration 夸大Excessive 过多的exclusive 专有的独占的除外的distract from 分散注意力discern 辨别分清dissuade sb. From doing 劝阻facet 方面小平面format 构成设计formula 方案规则prevail 流行盛行获胜preside 主持perish 毁灭使麻木死persecute 迫害counterfeit 伪造假冒discourteous 失礼的无礼貌的prudent 节俭的谨慎的benevolent 善意的慈善的obstinate 倔强的顽固的be reconciled to sth. 甘于consolidate 巩固sanction 同意许可warrant 证明保护malignance 恶意有害shroud 覆盖遮蔽unveil 显露除去面纱decay 腐烂deprive 剥夺notorious 声名狼藉的superfluous 过剩的countenance 面容脸色concession 让步curse 诅咒echo 随声附和hail 欢呼欢迎sophisticated 尖端的复杂的先进的老练的scrupulous 小心谨慎的细心的clamorous 吵闹的大喊大叫的camouflaged 掩饰的伪装的edible 可食用的fabulous 传说的神话的disproportionate 不均衡的不相称的extravagance 奢侈铺张opulence 富裕asceticism 禁欲主义苦行by and large 一般来说大体上call on 看望拜访召唤break out 爆发突然发生break in 插嘴闯入训练break through 突破克服挣脱而出break off 突然停止中断脱落暂停for all 尽管虽然come to 苏醒达到总数为继承停止come around 再现恢复知觉回来改变看法come through 经历获得成功脱险传出捐助come into 进入继承…起来加入come across 来到偶遇come round 来过访绕道而来苏醒转变改主意笼络come by 从旁边过得到取得经过come about 发生产生转变方向come out in 以…方式出来live up to 不辜负make a fuse of 小题大做大惊小怪fall back to 求助于转而依靠at its core 从根本上be entitled to 授权给……权力给……定名be assigned to 指派go back on 违背诺言go in for 从事爱好参加考试go through with 经历仔细检查用完参加履行搜查go along with 支持赞同随行hand in 交上递交hand out 分发散发hand down 传递下去hand over 交出移交in honor of 为纪念……庆祝in accordance with 与…一致按照根据lay out 设计安排展示lay off 解雇休息lay down 放下拟定规定lay aside 放一旁收起积累make for 快速走向向前进促进make out 理解辨认出书写填写说明设法应付make up to 巴结讨好make up for 补偿in the light of 鉴于由于按照根据by virtue of 由于因为run over 匆匆看一眼浏览碾过run into 偶然碰到与相撞run through 浏览匆匆读完run down 耗尽撞到衰退减少说坏话贬低run across 撞见碰见run out 用完耗尽set out 动身出发开始陈述测定宣布移植set about 开始散步攻击着手set forth 阐明宣布提出陈列出发set aside 留出不顾取消驳回put out 熄灭关灯生产出出版precaution 预防警惕concession 让步transaction 办理处理学报交易事务处理事物give away 送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步pass away 去世while away 消磨fade away 逐渐凋谢慢慢减弱induce 劝诱促使导致deduce 推论演绎出seduce 诱使Heartiness 诚实热心harshness 粗糙的事物严肃刺耳uprightness 正直的Be absorbed in 全神贯注于专心于Detach 分开分离分遣Conform to 符合遵照answer to 适应符合attribute to 归因于Collide with 冲突comply with 照做coincide with 符合cope with 竞争应付Perpetual 永久的pathetic 可怜的悲惨的Resolutely 毅然坚决的indecisively 优柔寡断的prematurely 过早的早熟地Fall out 争吵发生fall behind 落后fall in 排队到期fall through 未能实现Get off 下来出发被容忍逃脱惩罚get in 进入收回get on 骑上进展get on one’s nerves 令人不安get through 完成度过get across 越过通过被理解get over 克服爬过熬过恢复原谅get along 生活相处融洽进展有起色Go for 选择袭击适用于go by 从旁边走过依照顺便走访go up 上升增长go off 离开去世消失睡去爆炸发射进行变质Add up to 合计达stand up to 勇敢地抵抗Conclude 结束终止决定seclude 隔离exclude 排除include 包括Wear off 逐渐减少wear out 穿破磨损疲乏耗尽wipe out 消灭垮台Proficiency 熟练精通Bring out 使显示出版生产bring to 使恢复知觉bring into force 使生效实施bring in 生产挣得介绍引进V oid 空的无人的无效的无用地没有的void of 缺乏void of interestedOn the fly 在飞行中不工作闲混in the issue 结果on the sly 秘密地偷偷地Infect 感染传染inflict 造成afflict 使痛苦折磨Substitution 代替Respecting 关系到说到with respect to 关于至于as regards 关于至于Play around 玩耍come around 恢复知觉回来talk sb. around 说服Precede 领先于在…之前proceed 进行继续下去accede 同意继任recede 后退Aversion 厌恶adherence 忠诚坚持黏着incentive 刺激鼓励动机Fancy 想象设想认为爱好自负At a disadvantage 处于不利地位Leave over 留下leave out 省去遗漏不考虑leave behind 留下遗留超过leave off 停止不再穿Let go 放开释放发射let loose 释放放出放任let off 放出饶恕准许暂停工作let out 放掉泄露放大出租解雇释放let down 失望let alone 不打扰更别提let on 泄露假装See off 送行see to 负责注意Obedient 服从的孝顺的obstinate 顽固的倔强的elaborate 精心制作的详细阐述的精细Outlook 展望outbreak 战争爆发疾病发作outcome 结果output 出产Look up 向上看尊敬仰视查询拜访好转look up to 尊敬仰望look on 观看面向旁观看待look through 看穿审核浏览温习从中显露look into 调查观察Fragrance 芬芳香气flavor 风情风味香料sour 酸的In amount to 总计Aptitude 才能天资恰当智能altitude 高度高等attitude 姿势态度看法Substitute 替代substitute A for B 用A替代BTackle 固定应付处理解决抓住tickle 胳肢逗笑使高兴使发痒Exquisite 精致的extravagant 奢侈的exotic 异国情调的eccentric 古怪的Repel 拒绝抵制排斥逐退Curb 控制约束put /place a curb onParadox 矛盾paradise 天堂Impart 传授告知portray 描写Divert 转移转向Alert sb. to the fact that 提醒某人注意…的事实Manifest 明显的显然的体现显现Articulate 清楚地说（发音清楚的）明确地说anticipate 预期期望Alternate 轮流交换Conceive 设想以为怀有构思conceive ofEndeavour 努力endeavour to doSustainable 可持续的feasible 可行的eligible 合格的Subsidiary 附属的次要的Revenge 报仇revenge oneself on sb. 向某人报仇remedy 药补救治疗beyond remedy 不可救药reproach 责备revive 苏醒复活复兴Explicit 清晰的明确的obscure 模糊的baffle 难住使挫折阻碍mingle 混合mingle with /in provoke 煽动激怒驱使divert 转向改道eject 喷出射出incidence 发病率emergence 紧急情况rupture 破裂绝交impetus 推动力in search of 寻找in pursuit of 追求in view of 鉴于由于in light of 根据credit 信赖assure 确保certify 确认impose 征收强加impose taxes 收税twinkle/ glitter 因高兴而发光sparkle with tears 闪烁着泪光overtake 追上surpass 胜过nourish 滋养。
考博英语(翻译和写作常用短语)
一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more pos itive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。
2023年考博英语重点词汇二
2023年考博英语重点词汇4L/M/N/Olacen. 鞋带, 花边landscapen. 地貌；风景largelyad.大部分；大量地ad.大规模地latea. 迟的 a. 去世不久的latentadj．潜伏的, 潜在的lathen. 车床,陶器,镟床latituden. 纬度, 范围,(用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由latticen. （做篱笆或爬藤架等的）格子架laundryn．洗衣房, 洗衣店n．送洗衣店去洗的东西leafletn. 传单leakagen. 渗漏, 漏出leasen．租约, 租期, v．出租legislationn. 立法；法规lengthn．长, 长度；一段n．限度, 范围lengthenvt. 使延长vi.变长leopardn. 豹lessenvt. 减少；减轻levern．杆, 杠杆；控制杆n．途径, 工具, 手段liabilityn. 责任,债务,倾向liableadj. 易于((的, 有（还债）责任的lightern．打火机, 引燃器likelihoodn. 也许(性)likenessn. 同样；类似, 相似lilyn. 百合, 百合花, 睡莲limbn．肢（手或脚）, 翼limestonen. 石灰石limpv. 跛.adj. 无力的，松软. linearadj. 线的, 成直线的linern．班船, 班机n．班船, 定期班机lingerv. 逗留, 闲荡, 迟延, 游移liningn. (衣服里的)衬里lipstickn．唇膏, 口红literaladj. 精确的、忠实原义的literallyad. 字面上，的确地，真正. literarya. 文学(上)的littern. 垃圾, 一窝（动物）, v. 乱丢lobbyn. 大厅, 休息厅localityn. 位置, 地点, 发生地locationn. 位置, 场地；外景拍摄地locomotiveadj. 运动的, n. 机车locustn. 蝗虫, 贪吃的人lodgingn．寄宿, 住宿；住所loftyadj. 高的,高超的,傲慢的,高级的logn．v．日记,longingn. 渴望 a.显示渴望的longituden. 经度looseadj.宽松的, 散漫的looselyad.松松地, 松散地loosenvt. 解开；使松驰vi.变松loungev．懒散地斜. n. 休息.lubricatevt. 使润滑vi.加润滑油luminousadj. 发光的, 易懂的lumpn．一块, 肿块, v．形成块状lunara. 月球的,有关月球的luncheonn. 午宴, 午餐, 便宴luxuriousadj．爱好奢侈的, 豪华的magiciann. 魔法师；变戏法的人magistraten. 地方保安官magnetn. 磁铁, 磁石, 磁体n. 有吸引力的人(或物) magnetismn. 磁性, 吸引力magnifyv. 放大, 赞美magnituden. 重要, 星球的光亮度maidn. 女佣, 女仆；少女n. 少女；处女maidenn. 少女, 未婚女子maina．重要的, 最重要的n.总管道, 干线maintenancen. 保养；维持majestyn．威严, 尊严；陛下makeupn. 组织；性格；化装品malicen. 恶意mammaln. 哺乳动物manifest1.n．载货单,运货单,旅客名. 2.adj. 显然的,明白. manipulatevt. *纵,运用,假造,应付mansionn. 大厦,邸manuscriptn. 手稿,原稿,底稿maplen. 枫树marginn. ［商］成本与售价的差额,赚头,保证金marginaladj．书页空白处的, 不重要的marketvt. 销售；出售Marsn. 火星；战争marshn. 沼泽,湿地marshaln. 元帅. 典礼官. 执行官. 司仪官;vt. 整顿. 配置. . martyrn．烈士, 殉道者marveln. 奇迹v.惊奇masculinea. 男性的；强壮的massacren. 大屠杀, 大败massiveadj. 巨大的, 粗重的mastn．船桅, 旗杆maturea. 成熟的vt.使成熟vi.成熟measurementn. 测量；衡量(方法)mechanismn. 机理；机制meditatevi. 沉思,反省melancholyadj．忧郁的, 令人悲哀的melodyn. 曲子,美的音乐,曲调membershipn. 会员身份menacevt. vi. 威吓,胁迫mendvt. 修改,改善,加快,修理merchandisen. 商品, 货品mercifula. 仁慈的, 宽敞的mercuryn．水银, 汞n．水星n．汞, 水银；水银柱meritn. 价值；优点meshvt. 以网捕获, 啮合, 编织messn. 混乱, 混杂, 肮脏vt.弄脏, 弄乱, 搞糟messagen．信息, 消息；启示n．启示, 要旨, 教训metallica. 金属的metallurgyn. 冶金术；冶金学metropolitana. 大城市的microprocessorn. 微信息解决机microscopicadj．极小的, 显微镜的microwaven. 微波mightya. 强大的；巨大的migratevi．迁移, 移居milda. 温和的milkya. 牛**；乳白色的millionairen．百分富翁, 巨富minglevt. vi. (使)混合miniaturen．小画像, 缩影minimizevt. 最小化mint1.vt. 铸造,铸币,伪. 2.n. 薄荷,造币厂,巨. mirrorn. 镜子n. 反映, 借鉴misern. 守财奴, 吝啬鬼miseryn．痛苦, 悲惨, 不幸misfortunen. 不幸,灾祸,坏运气mishiefn．调皮, 捣蛋, 胡闹missionaryn. 传教士mistn. 薄雾n. 薄雾vi.下薄雾mistressn．女主人；夫人n．情妇, 情人mittenn. （四指套在一起姆指分开的）手套mixern．混合者, 搅拌器mobvi. 聚众闹事mobilizevt. 动员mockv. 嘲笑, 模仿地嘲弄moderatelyad.适度地, 适中modestyn. 谦逊；端庄；羞怯modificationn. 修改, 修饰modulatev．调整（音的强弱）, 变调modulen. 模数；模；组件moleculara. 分子的；克分子的momentaryadj. 短暂的, 瞬间的monarchn. 君主, 帝王monkn. 和尚, 僧侣, 修道士monopolyn. 专利权, 垄断monstern. 庞然大物, 怪物monstrousadj. 巨大的, 可怕的moorn. 旷野地, 荒野v. 使（船）停泊mopn. 墩布, 洗碗刷moralityn. 道德, 美德, 品行mortgagen．抵押贷款, 抵押证书v．抵押Moslemn. &a. 穆斯林(的)mosquen. 清真寺mossn．苔藓, 地衣moteln. 汽车游客旅馆motiven. 动机, 目的 a.发动的, 运动的motorwayn．汽车道, 快车路mountainousa. 多山的；山一般的multiplicationn. 乘法multituden．多数, 大众, 平民municipala. 市(政)的murmurn. 低语,低声的怨言musculara. 肌肉发达的, 强健的musev. 沉思, 冥想mustardn. 芥子, 芥末mutevt．减弱...的声音adj.无声的, 沉默的mysteryn. 神秘napkinn. 餐巾(纸)narrationn. 叙述negativea. 悲观的；负面的negligibleadj．可忽略的, 无关紧要的negotiatevi. 商议,谈判,交涉neighbourn. 邻.neighbouringa. 邻近的, 接壤的nestn．巢, 窝, 穴vi.筑巢vt.为(筑巢neta. 纯的；净的networkn. 网络neutronn. 中子nicea．美好的, 令人快乐的a．细微的, 微妙的nickeln. 镍nicknamen. 绰号；nightmaren. 恶梦, 可怕的事nominatevt. 提名, 推荐；任命normn. 规范, 准则normalizationn．正常化, 标准化northward(s)ad.向北方 a.向北的nosen. 鼻子；突出部分n. 突出部分(如船头等) notableadj. 值得注意的, 显著的, 著名的noteda．著名的, 知名的notifyv. 告知notionn. 概念；想法notoriousadj. 臭名昭著的, 著名的notwithstandingprep. 尽管, 虽然noughtn．无, 零nourishvt. 滋养, 使健壮, 怀有(希望,仇恨等) nourishmentn. 食物；营养品noveln．小说 a.新的, 异常的noveltyn. 新奇,新鲜,新奇的事物nucleusn．核, 核心；(原子)核n．原子核；细胞核numericala. 数字的nunn. 修女, 尼姑nurseryn. 托儿所；苗圃n. 苗圃, 养鱼池nutn. 坚果, 干果；螺母n. 螺帽, 螺母oarn. 橹, 桨, v. 划（船）oathn. 誓约, 誓言obediencen．服从, 顺从；管辖obedientadj. 服从的,顺从的,孝顺的objectivea. 客观的；真实的，n. 目. obligationn．责任, 债务obligevt. 强制,施恩惠于,束缚,使感激obscureadj．暗的. 朦胧的. 模糊. v. 使阴暗,隐藏,使模. observationn. 观测observevt. 注意；观测obstinateadj. 固执的；倔强的occurrencen. 发生,事件,发现offencen. 犯罪, 犯规；冒犯offensiveadj．令人不快的, 得罪人的offervt. 提供；提出vt. 呈现出vi.出现offsetv．抵销, 补偿offspringn. 后代ohmn. 欧姆oliven. 橄榄, 橄榄树onward(s)a. 向前(的), 在前面opaqueadj．不透明的, 难懂的operationn. 运转；*作opiumn. 鸦片；麻醉剂opticala. 眼的；光学的 a. 光的；光学的optimismn. 乐观主义optimumadj. 最佳的, 最有利的optionn．选择, 选择权n．选择, 取舍orchardn. 果园orchestran. 管弦乐队ordinarilyad.通常, 大约orientvt. 使朝东, 使适应, 拟定方向orientationn. 定向originatevt. 创始ornamentn. 装饰物；装饰n. 装饰物vt.装修ornamentala. 装饰的otherwisead.此外；要不然ad.此外；在其他方面oughtv. aux.应当, 应当v. aux 早应当, 本应outbreakn. 爆发outcomen. 结果；结局outermosta. 最外的；离中心最远的outlawn. 歹徒. 逃犯. 丧失公权者;v. 将...放逐. 宣布.... outletn．出口, 出路；排遣n．发泄(感情等)的方法outlinevt. 描绘；画出...的轮廓outsiden．外部；外表a.外部的prep.在(外, 向(外ovala. 卵形的n.卵形overalla. 总的；全面的overestimatevt. 过高估计overflowvt. 从(中溢出overhangvt. 悬于(之上vi.悬垂overhearvt. 偶尔听到；偷听overlapvt. 重叠,反复overloadvt. 使超载overlookvt. 忽视overseasad.海外ad.在海外, (向)国外overtakevt. 追上, 赶上；压倒vt. 忽然袭击, 压倒overthrown．推翻. 打倒. 扔得过远得球;vt. 打倒. 推翻. 颠. overwhelmvt. 淹没,受打击,制服,压倒overwhelminga．压倒的, 势不可挡的oxiden. 氧化物oxidizev．氧化, 生锈oystern. 牡蛎。
考博英语翻译热点词汇
考博英语翻译热点词汇考博英语翻译热点词汇考博，英语是第一关。
专业课再优秀、业务能力再强，如果英语不过关，也与博士无缘。
为了帮助大家，店铺整理了一些考博英语词汇，希望能帮到大家!pave the way for: 为铺平道路pay off: 成功tear up: 毁坏concede vt. ①(不情愿地)承认,承认…为真(或正确)②(在结果确定前)承认(失败)③让与convey vt. ①表达,传达,传递②运送,输送cope vi. (with) (成功地)应付,(妥善地)处理counter n. ①柜台②计数器③筹码④相反的事物⑤(拳击、击剑等)还击countryside n. 农村,乡下couple n. ①一对,一双②两三个,(少数)几个③夫妻 vt. 连接,使成对cover vt. ①覆盖,掩盖②范围为③包括,涉及,适用于④报道,采访⑤掩护 n. 盖子,封面,掩蔽(物)creativity n. 创造(力)creativity n. 创造(力)well off: 富有的acquire vt. ①取得,获得②学到cult: 邪教figure out: 想出，领悟commute: 经常长途来往allergy: 过敏a better buy: 较便宜call- in show: 访谈节目car – talk program：维修保养汽车节目take – into account: 考虑到drag: 另人厌倦pits: 很糟糕act n. ①行为,行动,动作②法令,条例③(戏剧的)(一)幕admit vt. ①承认,供认②接纳,准许…进入(加入) vi. 承认adoptive a. ①收养关系的,过继的②采用的,采纳的adult n. 成年人(或动物) a. ①成年人的,适宜于成年人的②成年的,成熟的adv. ①向后②回原处,回原状③回,还④以前vt. ①使后退②支持 vi. 后退,倒退advancement n. ①前进,进步②推进,增进,促进nose to nose: 面对面mediate: 调停be entitled: 具有……权利other than: 除…… 之外fumble around: 摸索breach of conventions: 违反习俗adventure n. ①奇遇,异乎寻常的经历②冒险,冒险活动advocate vt. 拥护，提倡，主张 n. 拥护者，提倡者，辩护者age n. ①年龄②老年③时代,时期④[常pl.]很长的一段时间v. ①(使)变老,(使)变陈旧②(使)成熟aging n. ①老化②成熟的过程③时效alter v. 改变,改动,变更analyse / analyze vt. ①分解,分析,解析②细察,细查analysis n. 分析,分析报告annoy vt. ①使烦恼,使生气②骚扰,打扰anxiety n. ①忧虑,焦急,焦虑②渴望,热望appointment n. ①约会,约定②指定,委任③职位,职务appreciation n. ①感谢,感激②评价③欣赏,赏识④(价格)上涨,增值appropriate a. 适当的,恰如其分的vt. ①私占,侵吞,挪用②拨出(款项等)供专用approve vt. ①赞成,同意②批准,核准,对…表示认可 vi. (常与of连用)赞成,同意arms n. pl. ①武器,兵器②兵种artistic a. 艺术的assemble vt. ①召集,使集合,使聚集②装配 vi. 集合,聚集asset n. ①有价值的人(或物),优点,长处②[常pl.]资产,财产assignment n. ①(分派的)任务,(指定的)作业②分配,指派association n. ①协会,联盟,社团②联合,结合,交往③联想assume vt. ①假定,假设,设想②承担,担任,就职③呈现,具有,采取attach vt. ①系,贴,连接②使依恋,使喜爱③认为有(重要性、责任等)④使附属on sb’s guard: 警惕，提防on the understanding that: 以什么为条件pull off: 将车停靠在路旁pull up: 减速停车out of condition: 不健康attend vt. ①出席,参加(会议等),上(学等)②照料,看管,关心 vi. 专心于,致力于(to)automated a. 自动化的automatic a. ①自动的②无意识的 n. 自动机械automobile n. 汽车available a. ①可用的,可得到的②有用的,有效的③可接受探访的award n. 奖,奖品,奖金vt. ①授予,给予②判给,裁定back n. ①背,背部②后面,反面③后卫a. ①后面的,背后的②向后的`,反向的ban n. 禁止,禁令 vt. 禁止,查禁,取缔battle n. ①战役,战斗②斗争,决斗 vi. 作战,斗争bind vt. ①捆,绑②使结合,使粘合③使受(法规或诺言的)约束④装订boast vi. (of, about)自夸,夸耀vt. ①夸口,吹嘘②以拥有…而自豪n. 自吹自擂,自夸的话boom n. ①激增,繁荣,迅速发展②隆隆声,嗡嗡声vi. ①激增,繁荣,迅速发展②发出隆隆声boost vt. ①提高,使增长②推动,激励③替…做广告,宣传n. ①提高,增长②推动,激励branch n. ①树枝,分枝②(机构的)分部③(学科的)分科,分支④支流,支线 vi. 分支,分出来,出现分歧breed n. 品种,种类vt. ①饲养,繁殖②抚养,培育③酿成,产生,造就vi. 繁殖,产仔budget n. 预算,预算拨款 vi. (for)编预算,做安排 vt. 规划,安排 a. 低廉的,收费公道的calculate vt. ①计算,核算②推算,推测③计划,打算,蓄意④[美]以为,认为 vi. 指望,期待(on, upon)campaign n. 战役,(政治或商业性)活动,运动vi. 参加活动,从事活动,作战cancel vt. ①取消,废除②抵消,对消③删去,划掉candidate n. ①申请求职者②投考者③候选人capture vt. ①俘获,捕获②占领,夺得n. ①俘获,捕获,夺得②俘虏,战利品career n. 生涯,职业casual a. ①偶然的,碰巧的②随便的,非正式的③漫不经心的,不经意的④临时的,不定期的chain n. ①链,链条②一连串,一系列③联号,连锁店④[pl.]枷锁,镣铐vt. 用链条拴住channel n. ①频道②[常pl.]渠道,途径③沟渠④海峡,水道,航道characteristic n. 特性,特征 a. 特有的,典型的charm n. ①魅力,吸引力②[pl.]妩媚,风韵③护身符,符咒,咒文 vt. 吸引,迷住chart n. ①图,图表②航图,海图 vt. 用图表表示,在图上表示下载文档。
考博英译汉技巧总结
考博英译汉技巧总结1.英汉语言的异同1.1. 英语是形合：需要使用连词或连接词来表达各个部分的逻辑关系；中文就是意思合：句与句之间的逻辑关系“隐含”于上下文之间。
如果汉语使用形合句，则显得语气庄重、措辞严谨。
1.2. 在语序方面，主谓宾语的位置相对相似。
然而，状语和定语的位置是不同的。
状语：英语可以放在主句前或后，汉语一般放在主句前。
状语顺序方面，英语：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语；汉语：时间状语+地点状语+方式状语。
定语：汉语大部分在修饰词的前面，英语的状语可以在修饰词的前（形容词）或者后（定语从句）。
英语多长句、松散句（中心在句首），汉语多短句、圆周句（中心在句尾）。
1.3. 英语中常用名词，汉语中常用动词。
因此，英语中的名词需要翻译成动词词。
2.词语翻译的五大原则2.1.转换原则：将具有动词意味的名（形、介、副）词译成动词。
2.2. 具体原则：用更具体的词语翻译原文中的抽象或更抽象的词语。
2.3. 补充原则：补充原英语句子中省略的动词或其他省略部分。
2.4.减法原则：英语中的部分不需要翻译【冠词；充当主语的人称代词、作宾代词和所有格代词；连词（并列连词、复合句中的连词）；介词（表示时间和地点的英语介词可以省略在句首而不是句尾）。
2.5.重复原则：对上下文出现过的词加以重复的译法。
汉语多重复，英语多变改变一种是重复省略的名词、动词和代词。
第二个是重复对象。
为了清楚起见，英语句子中的两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语出现在第二个动词之后。
在汉语中，这样的宾语应该出现在每个动词后面。
第三，重复名词。
两个定语一起修饰名词；被定语从句修饰的名词。
3.名词从句的翻译技巧3.1.主语从句。
如果主语从句由what和where等代词引导，则通常按照原文的顺序翻译。
如果是受其指导的主语从句，主语从句的谓语应翻译成独立的句子，然后再翻译该从句。
itgoeswithoutsayingthatoxygenisthemostactiveelementintheatmosphere.不言而喻，氧是大气中最活泼的元素。
考博汉译英经典指南
三大句型结构：♦It is + adj. +不定式♦There be♦被动句Measures must be adopted to attack/fight against internationalterrorism.There is a necessity/an urgency to adoptmeasures to …It is necessary to adopt measures to attack/fightagainst …必要性、紧迫性：♦It is time to do sth. …♦It is high time that …融会贯通：♦Measures must be adopted by the government to …♦It is essential for the governmentto …♦There is a necessity for the government to …♦It is high time for the government to ...审校时态/语态；原形，不定式动词，大、小写♦在我们这个时代，任何人想要起到所希望起的作用，他必须接受必要的教育。
♦In our times/age/era, if anyone wants to play a role as he/she wishes//play an expected role//which he or sheexpects in a society, he or she must receive necessary education.In our era, it is essential for anyone who intends to play an expected role in asociety to receive necessary education.随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。
南京大学考博英语真题词汇精彩记忆方法
南京大学考博英语真题词汇精彩记忆方法01.The loser closely enclosed himself in the closet.那个失败者把自己严密地封闭在小室内。
02.The composer was proposed to decompose his composition into components.作曲家被建议将著作分解成单元。
03.Suppose you were exposed in the opposite position by your opponent.假设你被对手暴露在相反的位置。
04.The depositor positively positioned the preposition in that position on purpose.储户有意确信地介词放置在那个位置。
05.In church the nurse cursed the people pursuing the purple purse.在教堂里，护士诅咒了追求紫色钱包的人们。
06.The faculty for agricultural culture isn't difficult to cultivate.农业栽培能力不难培养。
07.The reservoir in the reserved preserve is an obstacle to the obstinate observer.预留保护区内的水库对固执的观察者是一个障碍。
08.The desert deserves the nervous servants to observe.那个沙漠值得神经紧张的公务员们去观察。
09.The bulk of the ruby rubbish on the pebble bubbles when stirredby bulbed rubber club.小卵石上的大部分红宝石废料在用有球状突起的橡胶短棍搅动是会起泡。
考博英语翻译核心技巧
考博英语翻译核心技巧被动语态翻译英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。
英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况：一、译成汉语主动句。
1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。
例如：Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。
Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国就武装起来了。
2．原句中的主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。
Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district．我们区又办了一所中学。
Eg. 1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。
3．译成带表语的主动句。
Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
Eg. In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。
4．含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。
以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等不确定主语。
例如：Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses．据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。
Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday．有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。
考博英语翻译笔记
考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。
大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。
主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。
非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。
翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up unde r more favorable circumstances.分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。
正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。
在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的 if 省略，并将助动词提前。
译文：例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of ba bies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.分析：该句中 so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。
用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。
考博--汉译英 学习资料汇总
第一讲汉译英的特点和步骤一、汉译英的特点和基本程序1汉译英都是短文翻译，而作为基础则需要从句子开始.2汉译英题目的测试点：在于测试考生对英语常用词汇、习惯用法和句子结构的掌握情况。
同时还要测试考生将汉语短文转换为英语时对上下文的理解。
表达原文的连贯性、完整性、以及行文流畅的能力。
3汉译英基本程序——单句翻译过程3.1阅读通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，分析原文汉语句子的风格、逻辑和句型。
a)风格：正式还是非正式b)逻辑：短语和短语之间的逻辑关系c)句型：分析汉语句型，因为汉语句型和英语句型有着特定的对应关系。
例子：现在必须采取措施来保护环境（表目的）分析：找主语－>无主语，也就是无主句无主语：对应英文三种句型：形式主语、there be句型、被动句型。
例句：必须采取措施保护环境。
1.形式主语: It is necessary..., It is essential...It is necessary to take measures to protect the environment.（不定式表目的）.“必须”：essential, imperative。
能用高级词汇就用高级词汇。
It is imperative to…adopt measures 采取措施adopt: 有两个意思，采取采纳；收养；It is imperative to adopt measures to protect the environment.2.there be 句型There is necessity to adopt measures to protect the environment.3.被动句型(找被动句型的主语－：措施)Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.4.特殊句型：是到做某事的时候了It is time to do sth.... 是到做某事的时候了It is high time to adopt measures to protect the environment.（更加地道）使用从句，从句使用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时It is high time that measures were adopted to protect the environment.3.2确定句型、结构1)确定基准时态，能够避免犯大的语法错误比如：记叙文――一般过去时，以及他的变化议论文、说明文――一般现在时2)确定主语、确定句型、结构、定修饰语(定、状、补)位置在理解基础上变换原文汉语句子的说法和词序的过程，即汉英两种语言表达方式的转换过程.3)译文句子的组织、表达3.3审校这是不可缺少的一个重要环节，一定要对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确的转述了原文的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等，发现错误，及时改正。
博士英语入学考汉译英复习要点
汉译英基本技巧复习要点一、词的翻译技巧正如有关英汉对比章节中所介绍的，汉语和英语在语法和表述习惯方面有诸多不同，将汉语词语翻译成符合英语语法和表述习惯的英语短语时，需要使用一些翻译技巧，包括增词法、省略法、具体法、抽象法、词性转化法、视角转换法、结构调整法、归化法以及加注法等。
（一）增词法汉译英时常需要根据英语的语法和表述习惯，在汉语原文的基础上增添一些单词或词组。
1. 增加冠词汉语没有冠词，把汉语译为英语要适当地加上冠词。
(1) 增加不定冠词（indefinite article）我们在业务上有了良好的开端。
We have made a very good start in our business.(2) 增加定冠词（definite article）天空中开始闪烁着淡紫色、玫瑰红和琥珀色。
Hues of lavender, rose and amber begin to pulsate in the sky.2. 增加代词(1) 增加作主语的代词在汉语中，如果前文出现过一个主语，而后面一句的主语与前文一致，那么后句主语可以省略。
但是翻译成英语时，一般要将这个被省略的主语补上。
如：但我就是这个脾气，尽管多番努力，却还是没能改掉。
But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.此外，汉语中还有不少无主句，翻译成英语时也应将省略的主语补上。
如：很高兴收到您的来信。
I am so glad to hear from you.看样子要下雨了。
It looks like rain.(2) 增加作宾语的代词汉语中，常常可以把动词后面的前文出现过的宾语省略，以避免罗嗦。
但是翻译成英语时，由于及物动词后面必须跟宾语，就需要保留这个宾语，同时为避免重复，就用代词来替代前文提到过的这个宾语。
如：你越要掩盖自己的错误，就越会暴露。
南京大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分
南京大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分【僻义熟性】n.程序，方法【真题例句】Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive,time-consuming,and will work in truly extreme cases.（2003阅读Text3）【经典译文】托运人如果觉得被索要高价，他们就可以向联邦政府的路面运输委员会申诉，以获得价格减免。
但这个程序费钱、费时，而且只有在极端情况下才可行。
【僻义僻性】vt.加工，处理【真题例句】Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.[2007年阅读新题型]【经典译文】玩计算机游戏可以获得立即的满足。
连续看几个小时的喜剧电视节目只能教会孩子消极的处理信息。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八【辨析】process,procedure,proceedings.三个词构词方法相同pro向前+cess/ced/ceed(走)，所以意思也相近。
process使用最广，包括一切自然的工程和人工的程序。
procedure指人为的办事程序(强调步骤性)。
例：admission procedure入学手续；procedure of teaching教学步骤proceedings含义最窄，指会议记录(记录会议的进展)和诉讼程序。
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南京大学考博英语必备翻译知识点汇总2015年考博还有一段时间，同学们都在紧张的备考，育明考博为苦背单词的同学整理了以下句子，希望有助于同学们备考需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
1.The tall man installed a small wallet on the wall。
高个男子把一小钱包安放到墙上。
2.Except dishonest ones,anyone who is honest can get honey, everyone thinks so。
除了不诚实的人外，任何诚实的人都能得到蜂蜜，人人都这么想。
3.The exhausted man and the trustful guy thrust a knife into the rusty crust。
精疲力竭的男子和深信不疑的家伙将一把刀子刺向生锈的外壳。
4.I finally find that the financial findings are binding。
我终于发现财经调查结果具有约束力。
5.At the windy window,the widow finds a blind snake winding。
在当风的窗口，寡妇发现有条瞎眼蛇在游动。
6.I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion。
我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱。
7.He had an amusing excuse for executing the executive。
对于处决决策人，他有一个可笑的理由。
8.At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown。
拂晓时在草坪上，打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头。
9.Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower。
布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾。
10.Lots of pilots plot to dot the rotten robot。
大批领航员策划给腐烂的机器人打点。
11.In the hot hotel the devoted voter did not notice the noticeable notebook。
在炎热的旅馆里，热心的投票者没有注意到显而易见的笔记本。
12.The notorious man's noted notation denotes a notable secret。
那个臭名昭著的男子的著名符号代表一个值得关注的秘密。
13.Yes,yesterday was the my pay-day;I pay you the payment today。
是的，昨天是我的发薪日，我今天付给你报酬。
y a layer of clay on the displayed layout before the relay race。
接力赛之前在展示的陈设上铺一层黏土。
15."The gay mayor maybe lay in the hay by the Baby bay,"he says in dismay。
他沮丧地说：“快活的市长大概躺在婴儿湾边上的干草中。
”16.The delayed player delegation stay on the playground。
被耽搁的运动员代表团停留在操场上。
17.The X-rayed prayer preyed a gray tray。
照过X光的祈祷者捕获了一个灰色盘子。
18.Anyway,the prayer swayed by me always goes away by subway。
不管怎样，受我支配的祈祷者总是从地铁走向远方。
19.The chocolates on the plate stimulated my son to calculate。
盘子里的巧克力鼓励了儿子进行计算。
20.One of my relatives,a late translator,translated a book relating to public relations。
我的一位亲戚，一个已故翻译，翻译了一本有关公共关系的书。
21.He relates that he is isolated from his relatives。
他叙述说他与亲戚们隔离开了。
22.The educator located the local location allocated to him。
教育家定出了分配给他的局部的位置。
ply with the compatible rule of complement when using compliments。
使用问候语时遵守补语的相容规则。
24.The complicated indicator is dedicated to the delicate delicious machine。
这个复杂的指示器被奉献给精密而美妙的机器。
25.Likewise,my bike gave a striking strike to the two men alike。
同样，我的自行车给那两个相象的人惊人的打击。
26.The smoke choked the joking stroker at one stroke。
烟一下呛住了开玩笑的抚摩者。
27.Somewhere somebody sometimes does something good。
在某处某人有时做某些好事。
28.Wherever I go,nowhere I like;I dislike everywhere。
无论我到哪里，没有哪里为我喜欢，我讨厌每一个地方。
29.Therefore,the atmosphere is merely a sphere。
因此大气层只不过是一个球体。
30.The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise orafter sunset。
滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪。
31.The applause paused because of the cause caused by a cautious plausible clause。
掌声停了是因为一条谨慎的似乎有理的条款引起的原因。
32.The county councilor encountered the accountant at the counter of a countryside shop。
县委委员在一乡村商店的柜台边碰到了会计师。
33.I mounted the mountain and found a fountain with large amount of water。
我登上那座山发现一个水量很大的喷泉。
34.Step by step,the sleepy creeper crawled into my sleeve to sleep。
昏昏欲睡的爬虫一步一步爬进我的袖子里睡觉。
35.After a deep sleep,the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep。
酣睡之后，哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊。
36.The vice-adviser advised the reviser to devise a device for getting rid of vice。
代理顾问建议校订者想出一个根除恶习的计策。
37.The wise man used his wisdom in the vertical advertisement device。
聪明人把智慧用在垂直的广告装置上。
38.With rhythm,the arithmetic teacher put the artist'sartificial articles on the vehicle。
算术老师把艺术家的人造物品有节奏地放到运载工具里。
39.The smart star starts to make cart chart for the commencement。
精明的明星开始制作授学位典礼用的马车图表。
40.The lady is glad to give the salad to the sad lad on the ladder。
女士乐意把色拉送给梯子上的那位悲哀的小伙子。
41.You mad madam,my dad doesn't like the bad badminton pad。
你这个疯太太，我爸爸不喜欢这种坏羽毛球垫。
42.The one-legged beggar begins to beg eggs illegally。
独腿乞丐开始非法讨蛋。
43.The promoter promptly made a quotation for the remote control motors。
发起人立刻制了一份遥控马达的报价单。
44.Each pea and peach on the beach can be reached by the peacock。
海滩上的每一颗豌豆和桃子孔雀都能触及。
45.Although the plan was thorough,it was not carried through。
尽管计划很周详，但是没有得到贯彻。
46.Thoughtful men ought not to be thoughtless about the drought。
体贴的人不应该对干旱考虑不周。
47.“Rough cough is tough enough,”Bough said while touching the torch。
“剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的。
”大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道。
48.The football team stopped the steam stream with beams。
足球队用横杆堵住了蒸汽流。
49."Ice-cream!"he screamed in dream。
“冰淇淋!”他在梦中惊叫道。
50.For example,this simple sample similar to his can be exemplified。
例如，这件与他的相似的简单样品可以作为例证。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。