科技英语阅读与翻译2课件
英语学习科技文章的翻译PPT课件
1
科技英语词汇特点与翻译
2 科技英语句法的特点和翻译
3
科技英语翻译实践
4
科技文献写作常用句例
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一、科技英语词汇的特点
1．专业词汇和技术词汇的使用 2．来源于构词法的专业词汇，如前后缀, 希腊语和拉丁语,缩写词的使用； 3．经常用名词来代替动词，这样就避免了表达人的 活动。
reduction in the patients’ blood
cholesterol from a level of 349 milligrams 毫克per 100 milliters毫升of blood. • 研究人员发现，病人血液中的胆固醇含量从每 100毫升血液349毫克的水平下降了12%。
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semi·conductor tacho·meter macro·meteorology bathy·thermograph deoxy·ribonucleic
dioxide bronko·laxi·sol visi·corder
半导体 转速表 大气象学 海水测温仪 脱氧核糖核
二氧化物 支气管松散液
程教学装置手册 • 3-feet glass manhole door: • a manhole door in glass with 3-feet in length三英尺长玻璃人孔门
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第二节 科技英语的句法特点与翻译
与日常普通英语相比，科技英语有所不同，其主要特点表 现在： 被动语态多； 非谓语动词多； 名词化结构多； 复杂长句使用频率高。
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科技词汇
合成法 合成法是指将两个或两个以上的旧词合成一个新词
02-科技英语-阅读理解PPT课件
English-speaking perso-n (两个单词连)
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2. Main Characteristics of Scientific English Style
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科技英语文体总貌
着重叙事逻辑上的联贯(Coherence)及表达上的清晰 (Clarity)与流畅(Fluency)；避免行文晦涩，作者避 免表露个人感情，避免论证上的主观随意性。因此， 科技英语总是力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具 有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词。
Another well-known statistical distribution is the Poisson distribution. If we are dealing with the frequency of occurrence of events which occur at random in time and space, we should expect the Poisson distribution to play some part in the calculation.
(2) Formal in Mode of Speech
语气正式 (2)
(3) Objective and Accurate in Statement
陈述客观、准确 (3)
(4) Standard in Language
语言规范 (4)
(5) Unadorned in stylistics
文体质朴 (5)
advertise center check practice organize theater
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世界的英语
名词无需改变形式就可转化为动词或形容词。
科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件
对于长句中的修饰语，可以根据中文的表达 习惯调整其顺序，以使译文更加通顺和自然 。
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Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景
科技英语阅读--2
➢ Prevent sth, prevent ...from doing sth = keep sth from sth / doing sth
• Good lubrication prevents overheating. • Goods from
of work.
2. US has depended on foreign oil for decades.
➢ depend on VS. rely on
• 当表示“由……决定”这个含义时，用depend on。 如：
• Whether we will go there or not depends on the weather.
• hypothesis英 [haɪ‘pɒθɪsɪs]美 [haɪ’pɑθəsɪs] 假设 • [ 复数 hypotheses ] • hypothesis test 假设检验 1. I can see that this hypothesis is true in my life and I expect it to also be true in yours.
• metaphysics [,metə'fiziks] n. 玄学，形而上学 • Moral metaphysics 道德的形上学；道德的形而上学；道德形而上学；道 德形上学 descriptive metaphysics描述的形而上学
• inconsistent adj. 不一致的；前后矛盾的 (with)
• be supposed to = should 应当 • be not supposed to = should not 不应当 1. The cover be supposed to protect the machine from dust . 这个盖子会保护机器不进灰尘。 2. Well, the experiment do not turn out quite like it be supposed to, but let 's just say it do . 哦！这个实验结果并不像理论所讲的，但我们（照理 论）还是依样画葫芦吧。
科技英语阅读难点和翻译技巧PPT(26张)
由于译文主语较长，所以句子显得有点“头重脚轻”，读起来 感到不够顺畅。
改译：一种快速而准确地处理符号的系统叫做计算机， 它能够接收、存储、和处理数据，并能在存储指令程 序控制下产生输出结果。
二、先述后提法
此译法是“先提后述法”的倒置。也就 是先叙述中心词(组)的修饰内容,最后用 “这样的”、“这一切”、“这种”、 “这些”等词语予以呼应。对于科技英 语文献，这往往也是一种翻译长定语或 定语从句的有效方法。例如：
例1. The fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication …
译文：栈是主要性质由支配其元素的插入与删除的规则来 决定的一种数据类型。 译文中，动宾之间所含内容过多，形成“大肚子”句，行 文不畅。 改译：栈是这样一种数据类型，其主要性质由支配其元素 的插入与删除的规则来决定。
例2. A fast and accurate symbol manipulating system that is ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrganized to accept, store, and process data and produce output results under the direction of a stored program of instruction is a computer.
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技英语论文阅读及翻译PPT课件
科技英语论文
论文摘要（abstract）
摘要有长有短，通常为100～150 个词左右，约为原文长度的1%～ 5%。
美国有些高校规定，硕士论文提要以 250词为宜，博士论文以350词为宜。
论文摘要（abstract）
简明扼要，通常只有一段话。 主要内容： 研究目的：该研究的背景、重要性 完成的工作：方案选择、研究内容、关 键技术、 主要成果及其意义：重要的关键性的结 果，结论性的意见
Key words : hybrid electric vehicle petroleum substitution Battery
论文内容本身（text）
1）引言（introduction） 简要介绍文章的主题、目的和背景，有
关本项研究的目前状况、存在的问题， 本文解决了什么问题，取得的结果及其 意义。
论文摘要（abstract）
摘要的语言结构：
谓语动词简单而句子的其余成分却十分复杂 大量使用be和have的变化形式做谓语动词 大量使用被动句
描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但 陈述理论或事实要用现在时。
研究目的、研究对象 This paper presents
/discusses/ studies/ deals with/ investigates This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.
科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件
.
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词首缩略:
例: ABS= Absolute Value 绝对值
GALV= galvanometer 电流计
fax= facsimile
传真
部分缩略:
以辅音字母开头的单词，取单词的全部或部分辅音
字母，省略元音字母部分。
例: HS= Handset
手持式送话器
PZL= Puzzle Game
解谜类游戏
水泵 阀
例：water pump valve
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意群组合式：
中心词之前的修饰语之间存在着比较复杂的修饰与被
修饰关系
多波段 多分点
分配
服务
例：Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Server
动作 角色 扮演 游戏
Action Role Play Game 此外，在科技英语中普遍采取以名词为中心构成的词
antiallergenic 抗过敏的
antibacterial 抗菌的
antibody
抗体
antidote 解毒剂
antiemetic 止吐的
antifungal 抗真菌的
antihypertensive 抗高血压的
antipruritic 止痒的
antivirus （反）防病毒的
anti-yellowing 防泛黄的
bug-free 无故障
built-in 内置
close-circuit TV 闭路电视
cut-and-paste software 剪贴软件
Digital-to-Analog 数模转换器
合成词的翻译可取直译法，即将两个合成语素的词义
直译，做偏正连缀，必要时可适当增词。
科技英语的翻译PPT课件
ampere(安培), the unit of electric current (after the French scientist Andre Marie Ampere 1775-1836)
ohm(欧姆), a unit of electrical resistance (after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm 1789-1854 )
只是在电动机发明后,电力才开始造福人 类.
Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.
合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质.
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2.具体化
The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.
henry(亨利)，unit of inductance/电感单位 (named after the American scientist Joseph Henry 1797-1878)
gauss(高斯), a unit of magnetic flux density/电磁感应强度单位(after the German scientist Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777 –1855)
expressions.
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Proper nouns:
借用人名:
watt (瓦特), the unit of power (after the British scientist James Watt 17361819)
volt (伏特), the unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force （named in honor of the Italian physicist Alexandro Volta 1745-1827)
科技英语基础阅读第二版翻译
科技英语基础阅读第二版翻译1.1苹果有一款新的热销产品，在欧美大局部地区已经卖到断货。
1.2如果你网上预定，六周后才能送达。
1.3一条网上评论写道，这是多年来最好的一款苹果产品。
1.4实用并且精巧的设计，使它拥有苹果产品史上最高的消费者满意度，根据creative strategies和Experian两家公司的调查研究。
2.1如此的热情令苹果的老板们喜忧参半。
2.2我们今天讨论的这款产品是无线耳机airpods,看起来像苹果的传统耳机，只是没了数据线。
2.3定价在159美元，airpods可能是价值数十亿美元的一款商品。
像苹果手表，苹果于2015年开始销售的一种可穿戴设备。
2.4但是耳机并不是人们期待已久的具有改革能力的，极其具有利润的创新产品。
3.1在苹果最大的拳头产品推出后，这种等待并没有持续太久。
3.2在2007年6月29日，iPhone第一次开售。
3.3自此，苹果已经卖出了大约12亿部手机，并且取得了超过7400 亿美元的销售额，从最畅销的科技设备可以看出。
3.42016年，苹果2160亿美元的销售额，其中三分之二来自于iPhone。
1.1登顶之后就是下山了。
1.2关于苹果的将来如何，苹果是否能设计出另一款与之相媲美的产品，这些问题一直困扰这苹果公司。
1.3持续增长的手机拥有率正在放缓，全球大约五分之二的人现在拥11.3设计人员，厂家，程序员还是用户应该对机器人不当行为负责？11.4这种情况下，那些负责机器人的厂家和个人应该控制着机器人的学习过程。
12.1产业机器人已经改变了社会。
12.2更加广泛的使用机器人可能导致进一步的失业和数据鸿沟的扩大。
12.3这将可能导致社会中的局部人，享受不到先进机器人的好处。
12.1另一方面，随着机器人不仅是制造业中危从事着危险，枯燥，肮脏的工作，人们的职位要求将大大改善。
12.2最后，利用机器人技术来辅助人类对健康人和残疾人都存在利弊两面。
Task参考译文：P良好的卫生习惯有助于传染风险最小化。
《科技英语阅读》课件
By analyzing complex English texts, students will improve their language comprehension and critical thinking abilities
Expand knowledge in science and technology
要点二
Roots and affixes method
Teach students to use knowledge of word construction such as roots and affixes to infer the meaning of new words and improve their reading comprehension ability.
要点三
Learning in context
Placing vocabulary in specific contexts, understanding the meaning of vocabulary through context, and deepening memory.
New vocabulary learning and memory methods
Reading comprehension skills
Summarizing
Summarizing is the skill of condensing a passage into a brief overview that captures its main points It helps in retaining important information and understanding the overall message of the text
大学科技文英语阅读第二单元PPT
Unit2
2
While-reading activities
Text understanding
Unit2
Text understanding
Text organization and main idea
Language points and sentence structures
Unit2
Text organization and main idea
2)
3) 4) 5) 6)
recognize textual patterns in reading
organize an English essay have a global understanding of cross-cultural communication
Unit2
1
Pre-reading activities
Unit2
Text organization and main idea
Paras. 1-2
The purpose of the survey
To find out whether the chaos of romantic love translates across cultures _______________________
Unit2
Background information Stony Brook University 纽约州立大学石溪分校
/abroad/usa/xuexiao/fx/200808/20080821144224.html
/wiki/Stony_Brook_University
2
While-reading Activities