英语语法及知识点专题练习

英语语法及知识点专题练习（定语从句）V一．什么叫定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句有限定性从句和非限定性从句。

在初中阶段多为限定性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时也可作定语从句的某个成分。

引起定语从句的关系代词有that, which , who , whom ,whose 和关系副词where when why等。

二．定语从句中关系代词的用法1.当先行词是不定代词all, much等时，或者被这些词修饰时，只能用that引用定语从句。

例：I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me .我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书。

2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

例：This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen .这就是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。

3.先行词被the only , the last, the same, the very修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。

例如：This is the only book that was written by him .这就是唯一一本他写的书。

4.先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that引导定语从句。

例如，They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday .5. 当关系代词前介词时，只能用which引导定语从句。

例如：This is the house of which the windows face south.这是那所窗户朝南的房子。

6. 非限定性定语从句只能用which引导定语从句引导。

例如：Football, which is a veryinteresting game, is played in many countries.很多国家都在踢足球，他是很有趣的运动项目。

7.先行词是that，those时，只能用which引导定语从句例如：What’s that which was put in the car ?五．关系代词who, whom, that 的用法区别（先行词指人）1. 在who开头的疑问句中，若出现定语从句修饰指人的先行词时，只能用that引导从句。

例：Who is the boy that is wearing a red coat over there?2. 先行词是those, one 等指人的不定代词，定语从句用who引导。

例：We should help those who are in trouble .3. 先行词是人且介词提前紧跟先行词之后时，只能用whom,引导定语从句。

例如：This I the boy with whom I played tennis .六．知识点1.prefer常用于下例搭配中：1)Prefer doing to doing“喜欢······胜于······”或Prefer A to B意为“A 与B比较起来，更喜欢A。

这里to是介词。

He prefers red to blue.2)prefer to do … rather than do…相当于would rather do … than do…意为“宁愿做······而不愿做······”这里的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。

I prefer to go with you.2.stick 的用法stick是动词，意为“刺；插；粘贴”常用短语有：stick to坚持，stick······into（把······插入）；也可作名词，意为“棍；棒”He stuck a fork into a big piece of beef .3.down 的用法Down是形容词，意为“悲哀的；沮丧的”与upset同义；也可作副词，意为“向下”When I was down, I often listen to some light music to make myself calm down.4. plenty of 大量的；充足的。

后可接可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。

There’s plenty of time .5.shut v.关闭（shut ，shut）shut off关闭；切断；停止运转。

We shut off the motor before we left the workshop .6.intelligent 意为“有才智的；聪明的”与clever同义Human beings are much more intelligent than animals .7.praise的用法.praise可作动词或名词，意为“表扬；赞扬”，常用短语有：in praise of 称赞；歌颂,praise for称赞,praise sb.for sth.表扬某人某事。

His composition was praised.8.be supposed to do sth.应该做······，期望······；被认为······。

同义词be excepted to do sth.9.drop by 顺便拜访10. after all 毕竟；终究11.value n.价值，形容词为valuable.12.effort的用法1）不可数名词：表示力量和精力。

I can carry it without effort. It’s a waste of time and effort .2)可数名词：努力，奋斗。

Make an effort to do sth. 尽力。

Please make an effort to get there on time.13.worth adj.“这得；有价值的。

有······价值”，后常跟名词、代词、或动名词作宾语。

She’s not worth getting angry with. be worth doing sth. ······值得做14.point v. （用······）指；指向point at表示进指，at后一般跟动作的目标。

point to表示远指，to后一般接动作的方向。

point out指出He pointed the gun at her head . He pointed out the danger of driving alone .15. go out of one’s way to do sth.特地（努力）Thanks for going out of your to help me.16.make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归She is very kind to me and always makes me feel at home17.be/get used to 与used to do.be/get used to “习惯于”，后接名词、代词或动名词。

My brother is used to staying up late. used to do “过去常常”后接动词原形。

The village isn’t like what it used to be.18. except, besides , but 与except forExcept “除······之外”指除外的部分不包括在内。

All came except John.besides“除······之外还有”指除外的部分包括在内.也可作副词表示“此外”We all succeeded besides Linda .我们所有的都成功了包括Linda .but“除了”常与某些不定代词nothing, all, anyone连用。

There’s nothing but wait .except for“除了”指对某些基本情况用于具体细节方面的修正。

He’s a good man except for his temper .他是个好人，只是脾气不好。

19.be comfortable doing sth.顺便地做某事20.no matterno matter“不论；无论”与what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句（通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时）如：“no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词后接ever.”No matter what you say, I won’t believe you .不论你说什么，我都不相信。

21.avoid v.“避免；躲避”后接名词、代词或动名词。

They avoided mentioning that name .22.every day 与everyday every day “每天”在句子做状语。

everyday 为形容词。

“每天的；日常的”在句子做定语。

She wears an everyday suit every day .23.absent adj.“缺席；不在”“做某事缺席”时后跟from. Some students were absent from class.24.influence v&n. 指在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的“影响”have an influence in sth.在某方面有影响。