英语专业英译汉课件
英语专业专业课件英汉翻译技巧课件
英语专业专业课件：英汉翻译技巧课件-------- Amplification Omission Nouns Prepositions Adjectives Adverbs Hypotactic vs. Paratactic Passive vs. Active Restructuring Impersonal vs. Personal Affirmative vs. Negative Nominal Clauses Attributive Clause Adverbial ClauseAssessmentAttendance 10%Assignments 15% 2 30% Final Exam 60%Suggested reading books?-1 A Brief Introduction toTranslationImportant Role of Translation:Coca Cola 、Hacker 、club 、 laser? : laser 、menu 、nylon“” FangfangMokasutu “”. Nature and Scope of Translation Definition :“”//.a “Translating consists inreproducing in the receptor language the closestnatural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms ofstyle.”. Nature and Scope of Transla tionPeter Newmark “It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in theway that the author intended the text”J.Catford “”“”Nature and Scope of TranslationNatureTranslation is not a word for word activity1*She is very red nowShe is very popular now.2 *You Give Me Stop!! Stand!3 *Stupid stupid want to moveBe ready to do sth.bad4 *coldly talk for a while to exchange greetings and make small talk5 *"Site of jumping umbrella" paragliding site6 * "Cherishing Flowers and Trees" keep off the grass.Nature and Scope of Translationnativeforeign foreignnativeinterpretation translationMTconsecutive interpretationsimultaneously interpretation. Principles or Criteria of Translation Principle :faithfulness, expressiveness,elegance spiritual conformitysublimed adaptation? Tytler translation equivalence dynamic equivalence. Principles or Criteria of TranslationPrinciple :Yan Fu the first Chinese who made apenetrating and relatively systematicstudy of translation standard in modern times? Evolution and EthicsThe Wealth of NationsPrinciples or Criteria of Translation Principle ::faithfulness/ accuracy /expressiveness/ smoothness /elegancePrinciples or Criteria of TranslationPrinciple :faithfulness/ accuracy /original contentsoriginal meaning and viewsoriginal form and styleexpressiveness/ smoothness / easy, readable rendering idiomatic expression. Literal Translation and Free TranslationProcess :Comprehension comprehend the source textcompletelyExpression render the source text into thetarget language text a rough translationProofreading proofread the roughtranslation & polish. Literal Translation and Free Translation1. semantic system2. context linguistic and nonlinguistic3. background information and specialized knowledge4. LogicLiteral Translation and Free Translation1. Context2. Avoid translationese “ ”“”“”Europeanized“”Chinglish--She then uncrossed her legsLiteral Translation and Free TranslationLiteral Translation and Free Translation. Literal Translation and Free TranslationLiteral Translation :Not to alter the original words and sentences To keep the sentiments and style of theoriginal To reproduce the ideological content and thestyle of the original works and retain as muchas possible the figures of speechLiteral Translation and Free Translationcrocodile tears; armed to the teeth chain reaction ; gentlemen’s agreement one country, two systems ; The three religions and the nine schools of thought ; paper tiger ;go to one’s external rest ;the long sleep ;see Marx ;go west ;go to heaven ;. Literal Translation and Free TranslationFree Translation :an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without tryingto copy its sentence patterns or figures of speech.E.gTo be crude and careless with big branchesand large leavesTo take advantage of every weakness, poke into everynook and corner to get into every hole. Literal Translation and Free TranslationAdam’s apple ; at sixes and sevens It rains cats and dogsDo you see any green in my eye. Literal Translation and Free Translation More Examples1 Little fish does not eat big fish2 There’s no pot so ugly it can’t find a lid /3 What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!Literal Translation and Free Translation word for word translation How are you? * How old are you? * He is lying on his backheart flower angry open[to be wild with joy; to be elated; to feelexuberantly happy; to burst with joy ]. Literal Translation and Free TranslationDifference between word-for-word translation andliteral translationWord-for-word translation: translate word by word without making any adjustment, starchy, stiff,unintelligible unacceptable, unqualified translationLiteral translation: make some necessaryadjustment; smooth, clear & natural. Can havealmost the same feeling as the SLR acceptable, good translation. Literal Translation and Free Translation Free translation wishful translation toadd or delete the content of the original,or add personal emotion Literal Translation and Free Translation Relationship between literal translation andfree translationComplementary, instead of contradictoryLiteral translation and free translation may bealternatively used in the process of translationLiteral Translation and Free Translation1 Don't lock the stable door after the horses has been stolenLiteral translation: ,Free translation:2 Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly personbeautiful, nor it is a way to make social problem evaporate Literal translation: ,Free translation: Literal Translation and Free Translation3 Literal translation: There are no waves without wind Free translation: There's no smoke without fire Literal Translation and Free TranslationSome sentences can only be translated freely Our son must go to school. He must break out of thepot that hold us in.Literal translation:Free translation:. Literal Translation and Free TranslationWhen to use free translation?1. When it is difficult to understand if translatedliterally;2. When literal translation can not express thedeep meaning of the original;3. When idioms can be usedLiteral Translation and Free Translation1 Maybe Kino has cut off his own head and destroyed himself Literal translation: * Kino Free translation: Kino2 Cast pearls before swine Literal translation: *Free translation:3 Barbara was born with a silver spoon in her mouth Literal translation: *BarbaraFree translation: Barbara Literal Translation and Free TranslationHow to use them properly and proficiently know source language and target language cultureas much as possible and have extensive knowledgewith the problems which the original wrote ortalked about comprehend source language message correctly andthoroughly practice makes perfectLiteral Translation and Free TranslationDomestication / Foreignization vs. Free / LiteralTranslationFree / Literal Translation is on the linguistic levelDomestication / Foreignization is more concerned with the cultural level?? targetl anguage“ ”?? sourcelanguage Literal Translation and Free Translation All roads lead to RomeTo teach one’s grandmother to eat eggs:show off one’s proficiencywith the axebefore Lu Ban, the master carpenterTranslation Techniques1. Text Types2. Translation Purpose3. Socio-cultural ConstraintsPractice1. He was a dead shot. However, he met hisWaterloo this time 2. After the failure of his last novel, his reputationstands on slippery ground 3. He carried his age astonishingly well 4. She'd never again believe anything in trousers 5. Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but notoverwhelmed 6. "I'll have Lisa where I want her. "7. Yet China was a land of constant surprise andshifting impression.。
大学英语专业英翻中教材课件unitfour
Ensure that the topic has discussion value, can stimulate students' thinking and expression of opinions, and requires accurate language and rich content.
Exhibition and Review of Student Works
01
Work Exhibition
Regularly organize student work exhibitions to showcase excellent compositions and stimulate their writing confidence and sense of honor.
Interactive communication
Encourage students to evaluate and communicate with each other, grow together through interactive learning, and cultivate their critical thinking and evaluation abilities.
The present perfect tense
This unit focuses on the use of the present perfect tense, its formation, and its various uses, such as expressing an action that started in the past and is related to the present
英汉互译课件ppt
在广告文案的翻译中，可以采用归化、异化、重构等多种技巧。同时，要注意语言的音 韵和节奏，以及文化元素的巧妙运用，以达到最佳的传播效果。
文学作品翻译
文学作品翻译
文学作品的翻译要求忠实于原文，同时要保持语言的 优美和流畅。在翻译过程中，要注意原著的时代背景 、作者风格和文化内涵，尽可能地还原原著的艺术价 值。
段落翻译与篇章翻译
总结词
段落和篇章的翻译需要注的英汉互译时，需要注意整体性和连贯性 ，确保译文在整体上符合原文的逻辑和意义。同时，还需要 注意段落和篇章中的主题句、关键词和语篇衔接手段的翻译 ，以确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
Part
04
翻译难点解析
长句翻译
翻译的标准与原则
翻译的标准
忠实、准确、流畅、优美。忠实是指译文要忠实于原 文，准确传达原文的意义和风格；准确是指译文要用 词恰当，语法规范；流畅是指译文要通顺易懂，符合 目标语言的表达习惯；优美则是指译文要具有艺术性 ，能够传达原文的美感。
翻译的原则
直译与意译相结合、归化与异化相结合、语义对等与 风格对等相结合。直译与意译相结合是指既要保留原 文的结构和表达方式，又要传达原文的深层含义；归 化与异化相结合是指既要让译文符合目标语言的表达 习惯，又要保留原文的文化特色；语义对等与风格对 等相结合是指既要保证译文在语义上与原文对等，又 要尽可能地保留原文的风格和修辞手法。
；长句处理是指将长句拆分成短句或合成长句，以使译文更加通顺易懂。
Part
02
英汉语言对比
词汇对比
总结词
英汉词汇在含义、词性、词义等方面存在差异。
详细描述
英语单词往往具有明确的词义和词性，而汉语词汇则更加灵活，一词多义现象 较为普遍。此外，英汉词汇在构词法上也存在差异，例如英语中常用前缀、后 缀等构词手法，而汉语则更多采用复合词的形式。
lecture大学英语专业英译汉PPT课件
②形容词前增加名词 10. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这台打字机真是物美价廉。 11. A new kind of aircraft – small, cheap, pilotless – is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机机身不大，价 格便宜，无人驾驶。
第2页/共28页
notional words
1) objects or physical actions 2) qualities, concepts or mental activities 3) thoughts, feelings, imaginations and morality.
functional words 1) the relation between different parts of the sentence 2)logical relations in meanings.
10. Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。第20页/共28页浅谈 Nhomakorabea译与美学
美学（aesthetics）的定义：研究自然 界、社会和艺术领域中美的一般规律与 原则的科学。主要探讨美的本质，艺术 与现实的关系，艺术创作的一般规律。
2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也 没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗和花束的场 面。
英语专业翻译课课件
What Can We Learn
One SL word or expression may have many different TL equivalents Correct understanding of the connotative meaning of synonyms is very important for correct expressing in translation A picture for each word Chinese
中国发展，世界机遇；中国好了，世 界得利。历史将会进一步证明这一点。 "China's development is an opportunity to the world. And the world stands to gain from a China that is better off. History will continue to prove this
人类进入21世纪，世界并不太平。但靠战 争最终解决问题已经过时了 .和平与发展， 仍然是当今世界的两大主题。 The world of the 21st century is far from being tranquil, but gone are the days when problems were ultimately settled by war. Peace and development remain the defining features of our time .
③a good cop, bad cop They are not so specific as they seem to be Occasionally they may really refer to cop ④good guys bad guys
英语专业英语翻译课讲义ppt
1.2 汉语：意合语言 汉语属于分析性语言，或称为意合语言，汉语注重意 形契合而不注重形态或形式，不强调思维赋形与语言时 必须恪守某种以动词形态为主轴的形式程式，句中的语 法关系主要靠语序排列和虚词来实现，句子结构就像一 根竹子，层次分明，严密紧凑。所以，翻译过程中必须 注重意合和形合之间的转换。 6. 学习政治——政治学习 7. 我去上海——我去过上海 8. 天净沙· 秋思
5.
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
4. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines. 5. His body was perfect, alive with easy suppleness and health and strength. 6. I was addicted to fitness, tennis, golf, curling, hunting and fishing. 7. It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
英译汉翻译技巧必看PPT课件
• Strange enough they were the same age to the day.
• 说来也巧， 他俩年纪一样大， 而且还是同 日的。
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5.合译法
• 合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意 思或层次合并重组，如将两个分句合译为 一个简单句，或两个简单句合译成一个复 合句等， 使全句的结构更加紧凑，语气更 加顺通。
• 直译： 好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要 大量的爱和大量的工作。
• 意译：幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需 要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。
• 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必 须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。
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5
• 很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉 语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种 译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说， 在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用 直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意 译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.
• 计算机的主要特点是计算准确迅速。
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3.英语名词→汉语形容词
• 英语原文中有形容词加后缀构成的名词， 翻译时可转化为汉语的形容词。 如：
• He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家请求帮助。 • I love having Friday off. • 我喜欢周五休息。 • I am for the former. • I am against the latter.
英汉互译直译与意译-PPT课件
armed to teeth the olive branch to strike while the iron is hot to kill two birds with one stone to spend money like water
翻译过程中单一地使用直译 或意译都是不可取的。完全的 直译有时会使得译文生硬晦涩 或辞不达意，而完全的意译又 往往会改变原作的风格特点， 造成误读。科学的翻译态度是 益直译时就直译，须意译时就 意译，或直译与意译兼顾，不 能生搬硬套某一方法。
英汉互译第二讲
直译与意译
Warm-up Exercise
cold war hot line dark horse street women to show one’s card new wine in old bottles ivory tower to go into the red（出现赤字） a shot-gun wedding That’s the door. We are here today and gone tomorrow. You can say that again. I’m going to do a job no one else can do for me. The blood-red sun sank below the horizon.
直译(literal translation) 是指在
传达原文意思的时候，尽量做到译文 的表达形式、句法结构等与原文保持 一致，能完全对等的要完全对等，不 能完全对等的也要大致对等。对等的 内容包括词性、词序、语序、表达方 式、修辞手段、语体风格、地方色 彩、个体风格、民族文化特色……等 等。其理想目标是做到“形”、“神” 兼 备。直译法的使用不仅极大地丰富了 汉语的词汇，而且还极大地拓展了汉 语的表达方式和表达范围。汉语中的 外来语大都采用直译法或音译法处 理。比如：lady-killer，fire engine，a night owl, the naked truth，talk show, mad cow disease，
英汉翻译讲义-第五章PPT课件
03
翻译技巧
选词技巧
确定词义
在翻译过程中，需要确定每个 英文单词的准确含义，特别是
那些具有多重含义的单词。
选择合适的词汇
根据上下文和语境选择最合适 的词汇进行翻译，确保译文准 确传达原文的意思。
注意词义的褒贬色彩
在翻译时需要注意英文单词的 褒贬色彩，确保译文的情感色 彩与原文一致。
考虑文化因素
在选词时需要考虑文化因素， 选择符合目标语言文化的词汇 ，避免产生文化冲突或误解。
翻译的过程
理解阶段
在翻译过程中，首先需要对原文 进行深入理解，包括语义、语境、
文化背景等方面的理解。
表达阶段
在理解原文的基础上，译者需要运 用目标语言的表达方式将原文的意 义、情感和风格传达出来。
校对阶段
完成初步翻译后，译者需要进行校 对工作，检查译文中的错别字、语 法错误、表达不流畅等问题，并进 行修正。
英汉翻译讲义-第五章
目 录
• 第五章导言 • 翻译理论 • 翻译技巧 • 实践与案例分析 • 总结与思考
01
第五章导言
章节概述
01
介绍英汉翻译的基本原 则和技巧，包括直译、 意译、音译等。
02
探讨英汉两种语言在词 汇、语法、句法等方面 的差异。
03
分析英汉翻译中的常见 问题，如词义选择、句 子结构调整等。
下章预告
• 第六章：翻译中的修辞手法与风格处理
感谢您的观看
THANKS
根据不同的分类标准，翻译可以分为 多种类型，如文学翻译、科技翻译、 商务翻译等。
翻译的标准
01
02
03
忠实于原文
译文应忠实于原文，准确 传达原文的意义、情感和 风格，不得随意改动或曲 解。
英语专业英汉翻译课件
Chapter I General Introduction 1. Introduction
1.1
Importance and aims of the translation course
1.1.1 Importance of the translation course
3.1
What do criteria mean? A criterion is an established standard, rule or principle on which a judgment is based. As a plumb-line for measuring professional level of translation. As a good set for translators to strive for
（柯平：英汉汉英翻译教程，北京大学出版社：2002： 13）
2．—Isn’t this tape-recorder yours? —Yes, it is. 不，是我的。 —No, it isn’t. 对，不是我的。（同上）
3. However, such measures touch only the tip, but not address the basis of the problem. 然而，这样的措施只不过是碰了碰 问题的尖端（改译：只不过是蜻蜓点水）， 并没有触及问题的根源。（同上）
1) To be beneficial to the study of languages 2) To share the cultural heritage of the world 3) To get a better understanding of different peoples 4) To lay a foundation for the further study and the future work 5) To meet the social needs 6) To realize goals of four-year education for English Majors . Compulsory course . On the course list of the syllabus
英语专业翻译课件
替换与重复Substitutive vs. Reiterative一般说来，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。
试比较：1)音节重复原句：Commercials商业广告seldom make for entertaining and relaxing listening.改写：Commercials seldom entertain and relax the listener.原句：Close examination闭卷考试of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department.改写：Close study of the results of the inquiry led to a reorganization of the department．2)词语重复原句: We listened to an account of the customs of the inhabitants of the village. (of 的重复)改写: We listened to an account of the villagers’ customs.原句: Even to borrow money is wrong, accord-ing to Kant, because if everyone did borrow money, there would be no money left to borrow.改写: Even to borrow money is wrong, accord-ing to Kant, because if everyone did this, there would be no money left to borrow.3)句式重复原句：Now is the time for everyone to come out to vote, for everything depends upon this election. All are against corruption 贪污腐败, and so they should vote the Reform ticket. This is not a foolish thing, for the voters can elect anyone they want. But the people must turn out heavily, for if they do there is little doubt that they will elect the men they want.改写：Everybody should turn out to vote in this election，for the triumph胜利凯旋of the Reform party means the end of corruption in office．If the voters will only come to the polls in large enough numbers, they can surely elect the men they wish to see in power.4)意义重复原句：He asked the divisions to give their mutual cooperation to the project.改写：He asked the divisions to cooperate on the project．原句: A university degree has become a necessary requisite for entry into most professions.改写：a) The bachelor's degree is necessary / a requisite for entry into most professions ．b) The bachel or’s degree is required for entry into most professions. / Entry into mostprofessions requires the bachelor’s degree．原句：May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not limited only to aeronautics？改写：a) May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not limited toaeronautics？b) May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not directed only to aeronautics？advance planning assembled together still remainsrepeat again exactly identical audible to the earentirely complete throughout the entire summerforeign imports dash quickly在能明确表达意思的前提下，英语宜尽量采用替代、省略或变换等避免重复。
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Chinese-English Translation CourseUnit OneError Analysis:Part One On the test paperI. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic .1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence.译文A: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却充满了令人震耳欲聋的沉寂。
译文B: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却十分安静。
2. There are few of us but admire his courage.译文A: 我们人人都佩服他的勇气。
译文B: 我们中很少有人佩服他的勇气。
3. All cities did not look like as they do today.译文A: 在过去，城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。
译文B: 过去，城市面貌与现在完全不同。
4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake.译文A: 不满足自己感情上的需要是一种错误。
译文B: 使自己的感情挨饥受饿是一种错误。
5.The boss‘s girl Friday called me.译文A: 老板的女儿星期五打电话给我了。
译文B: 老板的女秘书打电话给我了6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns.译文A: 婚姻总是有苦有甜。
译文B: 婚姻的花坛里既长鲜花也生荆棘。
7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there.译文A: 每当我走过那所幼儿园，我就回想起在那里度过的幸福童年。
译文B: 尽管我从未经过那所幼儿园，但是我回想起在那里度过的幸福童年8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud of birds hung screaming and circling in the air.译文A: 很快就有一块乌云似的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。
译文B: 很快就有黑压压的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。
9. SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated.译文A: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着被监禁者。
译文B: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着犯人。
10. Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself.译文A: 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的未来。
译文B: 我们浪漫的小朋友憧憬着美好的未来。
II. Improve the Chinese version.1. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.译文：他又皱又黑，头发灰白稀疏。
2. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place.译文：华尔街是个狗咬狗的地方。
3. All freely falling bodies descend from the same height in equal time.译文：一切自由降落的物体，从同样的高度，以相等的时间下降。
4. Why waste breath on them, who have turned such an unwilling ear?译文：为什么对他们浪费口舌呢？他们又不愿意听。
5. We have plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists — and dust.译文：跟我们做伴的人真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的——一路尘土飞扬。
6. His speech leaves no room to improvement.译文：他的演讲没有改进的余地。
7. He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother.译文：他并不是很鲜明地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。
8. Casualties were taken to several hospitals in southwestern Georgia, some of which operated on backup generators.译文：伤亡人员被送往佐治亚州西南部的几所医院里，其中一些伤者在备用发电机的帮助下动了手术。
9. To cure his patients, he relied on a palette of remedies that included modern science, folk medicine and plain common sense.译文：为了治疗患者，他运用了调色板方法，其中包括现代科技、民间药物和自己的直觉。
10. Struggle and submission are before the colonial people; this leads to slavery, that to freedom.译文：殖民地人民面临着两条道路：斗争和屈服。
前者导致奴役，后者通往自由。
III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. All the time spent online has left many young infotech workers without much time for life offline.2. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.3. Nowhere has the impact of family breakup been more profound than in our school. Principals report a dramatic rise in the aggressive, acting-out behavior characteristic of children living in single-parent families.4. Books are of the people, by the people, for the people. To some extent, book-friends have some advantages over living friends.5. This victory means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.6. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.7. The book describes the march of civilization from ancient Egyptian times to the present.8. It was diamond cut diamond when the two men met because they were both so sure their own ideas were right.9. She is always finding excuse for her failure by saying that I can‘t make bricks without straw; in fact, carelessness is he r heel of Achilles.10. Mr. White is a very white man. He has been feeling blue today. When I saw him, he was in a brown mood. I hope he'll soon be in the pink again.IV. Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isn‘t nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save.在线报纸是对未来的一种窥视。
只需沉思片刻你就能提出这样一个问题：每天蜷缩在舒适的椅子上，顺手用圆珠笔将你所关心的内容圈划下来，或用剪刀将你想保存的文章剪下来，这样是不是更好一些？The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet.与美国相比，世界其他地方进入电子空间的速度较慢，而在发展中国家，因特网几乎还根本没能渗入进去。