土壤砷污染对蔬菜砷含量及食用安全性的影响

第24卷第4期2004年4月

生 态 学 报A CTA ECO LOG I CA S I N I CA

V o.l 24,N o .4A pr .,2004

土壤砷污染对蔬菜砷含量及食用安全性的影响

蔡保松1,2

,陈同斌2*

,廖晓勇2

,谢　华2

,肖细元2

,雷　梅2

,张国平

1

(1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州　310029;2中国科学院地理与资源研究所环境修复室,北京　100101)

基金项目:北京市自然科学基金重大资助项目(6990002);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40232022);中国科学院知识创新工程重点方向资助项目(KZCX 2-401)

收稿日期:2003-07-30;修订日期:2003-12-16作者简介:蔡保松(1971～

),男,上海人,讲师,博士生,主要从事污染环境修复研究。

通讯作者:A u th or fo r co rrespondence .E -m a il :ch en tb @i g s n rr .ac .cn

F oundation ite m :N atu ral S cien ce F ou ndati on of Beijing (N o .6990002),N ational N a tural S ci ence Found ati on o f Ch i na (N o .40232022)and C h i nese A cad e m y of S cien ces Inn ova tion P rog ram (N o .KZCX -401-01)R eceived date :2003-07-30;Accepted da te :2003-12-16

B i ography :CA I Bao -S ong ,Lect u rer ,m a i n l y en gag ed in ph ytore m ed i ati on .E -m a il

:chen tb @igsn rr .ac .cn 摘要:对湖南郴州砷污染区的土壤和蔬菜砷含量进行了研究,结果表明该地区土壤含砷量为19.5～237.2m g /kg 、平均为63.9m g /kg 、中值为47.8m g /kg ,比全国平均土壤含砷量(9.2m g /kg )高2～25倍;蔬菜可食部分砷含量范围为0.04～2.64m g /kg 、平均为0.74m g /kg 、中值为0.54m g /kg ,54%的蔬菜可食部分含砷量超过了《蔬菜卫生标准》规定的最大允许量(M PC ≥0.5m g /kg );菠菜,茼蒿和生菜可食部分超标比较严重,最大砷含量超出M PC 5倍左右。关键词:砷;蔬菜;污染;安全;土壤

A rsen ic concentrations i n so ils and vegetables and the ir r isk assess m ents in

h i ghly con ta m i nated area i n Hu 'n an P rov i nce

CA I B ao -Song 1,2,CH EN T ong -B in 2,L I AO X iao -Y ong 2,X I E H ua 2,X I AO X i -Y uan 2,LE I M ei 2,ZHANG

G uo-P i n g 1

(1C oll eg e of A g r ic u lt u re and B i otecho l ogy ,Zh ej iang Un iv er sit y ,H ang zh ou ,310029;2L abora tory of E nv ironm en ta l

R e m ed iati on ,In stit u te of G eog rap h ic S cience s and N a tura l R e sou rce s R esea rc h ,C h i ne se A cad e my of S cience s ,B eij ing 100101).Acta Eco l og i ca Si nica ,2004

,24(4):711～717.Abstract :C on tam i na tion o f so ils by ar senic (A s)resu lts from m i n i ng,s m e lting o f su lf i de o res ,pesticide s ,t i m be r p rese rv ation and A s-r ich g ro undw a te rs .A r sen i c con ta m ina ted so ils ,sedi m en ts and sludg es a re m a j o r so urces o f co nta m i na tion i n th e foo d chains and w a te r supp lies .T he up take o f a rsen ic (A s)by veg e tab l e s from co nta m i na ted so ils pre sen ts a hea lth ha za rd tha tm ay a ffec t the use o f ag r icu ltur al land .Co nta m i na tion o f fo ods by A s rem a i n s a po ss i b le dang er unde r l o ng ti m e co nsum e r

.W ith i n the H unan P ro v i nce ,G uiy ang and Sh i m en coun ty co nta i n the larg est num be rs o f peop l e li v i ng in prox i m ity to sulfi de o re s ,co nta i n i ng A s .Because o f the se o re bo dies and m ining ac ti v ity fo r o ve r 1500y ear s ,h i g h A s co ncen tra tions i n so il a re no t ex ceptiona l .So il A s co ncen tra ti o ns >200m g /kg occur o n 54km o f the reg ion .T he e ffec ts on A s bio ava ilab ility w ere a ssessed using a rang e o f v ege tab les g row n in the fie l d .F o ur l o cat i on s w e re used ,w here so il w a s co nta m i na ted by A s from diffe ren t sour ce s

.Sw ee t po ta to ,let tuce

,po ta to ,radish and sp i nach et a l .w e re g row n at the m os t co nta m ina ted s ite w ith a

m ean o f 64m g /kg i n the clay lo a m.A r senic co ncen tra tions in so ils and v ege tab les co llec ted from Chen Z hou C ity,H unan P rov i nce ,w e re i nve stiga ted in this pape r .T he resu lts sh ow ed th at A s concentra tions i n th e so ils w ere 19.5～327.2m g /kg,av erag e as 63.9m g /kg ,m ed ian a s 47.8m g /kg,respec ti v e l y,2～25ti m es h i g her than tha t o f av e rag e A s lev el i n C hina .

W h il e ,

there w e re obv ious l y A s con cen tra ti o ns ex isted i n ed i b le pa r ts w h en they g rew i n A s con tam i na ted a rea ,rang ing from

0.04to 2.64m g /kg .av er ag e as 0.74m g /kg ,m edian a s 0.54m g /kg ,respec ti v e l y ;A s concentra tion s o f m o re than 54%o f edib l e pa rts w e re fa r bey ond 0.5m g /kg ,the A sM ax i m u m P erm itted Co ncen tra ti o n (M P C )o fN ationa l S tanda rd o f V eg etab l e Sanita tion (G B4810-84);T he re w e re se riou s ov er standard o f A s co ncen tra ti o ns i n edi b le pa r ts o f sp i nach ,crow n daisy and