常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第22章 纽约派诗人

第22章纽约派诗人•沉思型诗歌•黑山派诗人
I.Fill in the blanks.
1.The Black Mountain Poets are so called because these poets are associated with _____,or with_____.
【答案】Black Mountain College;Black Mountain Review
【解析】黑山派诗歌是美国当代的一个诗歌流派。

20世纪50年代初，在马萨诸塞州黑山学院任教的查·奥尔逊、罗·邓肯、罗·克瑞利等人创办《黑山评论》杂志，提倡与40年代流行的传统格律体相反的“放射体”诗歌，逐步形成一个流派。

II.Multiple Choice
1.Which of the following poets is NOT a member of the New York School?
A.William Burroughs
B.John Ashbery
C.Frank O’Hara
D.Kenneth Koch
【答案】A
【解析】威廉·勃洛斯是垮掉派作家之一。

2.Which of the following poets is NOT member of the Black Mountain poets?
A.Robert Creeley
B.Robert Duncan
C.Theodore Roethke
D.Charles Olson
【答案】C
【解析】西奥多·罗特克是自白派诗人之一。

III.Explain the following terms.
1.Black Mountain poets
Key:A loosely associated group of poets that formed an important part of the avant-garde of American poetry in the1950s,publishing innovative yet disciplined verse in the Black Mountain Review(1954-57),which became a leading forum of experimental verse.Their experimental yet disciplined style took its impetus from the essay“Projective Verse”(1950)by Charles Olson.The Black Mountain School is linked with Charles Olson’s theory of“projective verse,”which insisted on an open form based on the spontaneity of the breath pause in speech and the typewriter line in writing.The group grew up around the poets Robert Creeley,Robert Duncan,and Charles Olson while they were teaching at Black Mountain.
2.The New York School
Key:Unlike the Beat and San Franciso poets,the poets of the New York School are not interested in overtly moral questions,and,in general,they steer clear of political issues.They have the best formal educations of any group.The major
figures of the New York School are John Ashbery,Frank O’Hara,and Kenneth Koch.They are quintessentially urban,cool,nonreligious,witty with a poignant, pastel sophistication.Their poems are fast moving,full of urban detail, incongruity,and an almost palpable sense of suspended belief.New York City is the fine arts center of America and the birthplace of Abstract Expressionism,a major inspiration of this poetry.Most of the poets worked as art reviewers or museum curators,or collaborated with painters.Perhaps because of their feeling for abstract art,which distrusts figurative shapes and obvious meanings,their work is often difficult to comprehend,as in the later work of John Ashbery (1927-),perhaps the most influential poet writing today.。