农业推广硕士英语翻译审批稿
《农业推广英语》考点
《农业推广英语》复习资料第一单元第一章Unite 1 Agricultural Extension in Development Countries（1）名词解释1.agricultural extension: assistance to farmer to help them to identify and analyse their production problem and to become aware of the opportunity for improvement. 农业推广2. extension agent: the extension worker at the village level in direct, day-to-day contact with local farmers. 农业推广员，技术指导员3. contact man : the same as “extension agent”. 联系人，联络员（含义同“农业推广员”）4. extension worker : a man or woman employed by an extension agency. In this textbook, the term includes technical and professional staff employed at levels. 农业推广工作者nd grant colleges : the state agricultural colleges in the USA responsible for all agricultural extension work at the state level. [美]州立农学院6. home economics : a collective term to describe those subjects associated with domestic work; child care, nutrition, hygiene, preparing and cooking food, dressmaking as well as poultry keeping, dairying and gardening. 家政学7. audio-visual aids(or media) : any material object, instrument or system which serves to communicate information (message), including leaflets, farming press, other written and printed material, all types of cinema films, radio, and television, and video systems. 视听辅助物（或媒介）8. in-service training : the periodic training given to extension staff to upgrade their knowledge and practical skill. 在职（短期）培训9. farm inputs : material and services used in crop and livestock production. 农场生产投入10. farm outputs : quantity of farm goods produced. 农场生产产量（2）选择填空alternative average as a result of by far identifyjustify out of touch with produce setback set down1.Populations have expanded rapidly _____decreased mortality and high birth rates, and thepressure of human numbers has caused traditional systems of land-use and the conservation of the fertility of the land break down.死亡率的下降而出生率却居高不下导致人口迅速增加，同时传统的土地利用系统和土地肥力保持系统已经因为人口的压力而崩溃。
农业推广项目自查报告英语
农业推广项目自查报告英语Self-Reflection Report on Agricultural Extension Project.Introduction.Agricultural extension plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between research and practice, empowering farmers with knowledge and skills to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. This self-reflectionreport critically evaluates the implementation and outcomes of an agricultural extension project, identifying areas for improvement and future success.Project Objectives and Methodology.The primary objective of the project was to increase crop yields and reduce input costs for smallholder farmersin a specific region. The project adopted a participatory approach, involving farmers in the planning, implementation,and monitoring of project activities. Key components included:Training and capacity building: Farmers received training on improved crop cultivation practices, pest and disease management, and soil fertility.Demonstration trials: Field demonstrations showcased the effectiveness of new technologies and practices, providing tangible evidence to farmers.Input provision: Farmers were provided with access to quality seeds, fertilizers, and equipment to support their adoption of improved practices.Project Outcomes.The project successfully achieved its objectives, leading to significant improvements in agricultural productivity and incomes for participating farmers. Key outcomes included:Increased crop yields: Farmers reported an average yield increase of 20-30%, attributed to improvedcultivation techniques and input use.Reduced input costs: Farmers learned to optimize fertilizer application and pest control measures, reducing their input costs by approximately 15%.Improved soil fertility: Soil sampling and analysis revealed a marked improvement in soil fertility levels, resulting from the adoption of sustainable land management practices.Challenges and Lessons Learned.Despite the overall success, the project encountered several challenges:Limited access to extension services: Farmers in remote areas faced challenges in accessing timely extension support, highlighting the need for innovative delivery mechanisms.Gender disparity: Female farmers were less likely to participate in project activities, indicating the importance of addressing gender disparities in accessing agricultural information.Sustainability beyond project duration: Ensuring the sustainability of project outcomes beyond its funding cycle remained a concern, emphasizing the need for capacity building and institutional strengthening.Recommendations for Improvement.Based on the lessons learned, the following recommendations are proposed to enhance future agricultural extension projects:Strengthen extension capacity: Invest in training and resources for extension agents to provide effective support to farmers in all areas.Promote gender inclusivity: Design and implementstrategies to address gender disparities and ensure thatall farmers have equal access to extension services.Foster sustainability: Focus on building farmers' capacity for continuous learning and innovation to sustain project outcomes in the long term.Explore technological solutions: Leverage technologies such as mobile messaging and online platforms to improve extension reach and effectiveness.Monitor and evaluate impact: Establish a robust monitoring and evaluation system to track project progress and identify areas for improvement.Conclusion.The agricultural extension project effectively contributed to improving agricultural productivity and reducing input costs for participating farmers. By reflecting on the project's implementation and outcomes, valuable lessons have been learned and recommendationsoutlined to strengthen future extension efforts. Through ongoing evaluation, innovation, and collaboration, agricultural extension can continue to drive agricultural transformation and ensure food security for all.。
中国农业科学院专硕论文模板之欧阳歌谷创编
密级:论文编号:欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）中国农业科学院学位论文论文中文题目论文英文题目硕士研究生：×××指导教师：×××申请学位类别：农业推广硕士（或兽医硕士）专业领域名称：××××培养单位：××××研究所研究生院2012年月Secrecy: No.ChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesDissertation论文英文题目Ms.Candidate：Advisor：Degree：Master of AgriculturalExtensionSpecialty:ChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesMonth 2012独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得中国农业科学院或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。
与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
研究生签名：时间：年月日关于论文使用授权的声明本人完全了解中国农业科学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：中国农业科学院有权保留送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。
同意中国农业科学院可以用不同方式在不同媒体上发表、传播学位论文的全部或部分内容。
研究生签名：时间：年月日导师签名：时间：年月日中国农业科学院硕士学位论文评阅人、答辩委员会签名表摘要××××××关键词：×××××，×××，××××AbstractAbcdef ghijklmnKey word:bcd, mn, xdfghe录××××11.1××××××××11.2×××××××11.2.1 ××××××11.2.2 ××××××11.3×××××××××1第二章×××××××22.1×××××22.2×××××22.2.1 ×××××22.3×××××22.3.1 ×××22.3.2 ××××2第三章××××××33.1××××××33.1.1 ××××××33.2××××3第N章全文结论4参考文献5致谢6作者简历7英文缩略表第一章××××1.1 ××××××××1.2×××××××1.2.1×××××××××1.2.2××××××1.3 ××××××××××××第二章×××××××2.1 ×××××2.1.1×××××2.1.2××××2.1.2.1 ××××2.2 ×××××2.2.1×××××2.3 ×××××2.3.1×××2.3.2××××第三章××××××3.1 ××××××3.1.1××××××3.1.1.1 ××××××3.2 ××××第N章全文结论1.×××××××2.××××××××参考文献1.徐长林，曹致中，贾笃敬，优良抗寒苜蓿新品种－甘农一号杂花苜蓿.中国畜牧杂志, 1992，6：432.周晓梅，松嫩平原羊草草地土－草－畜间主要微量元素的研究 [博士学位论文].哈尔滨：东北师范大学，20043.Bailey L.D., Effects of potassium fertilizer and fall harvests on alfalfa grown on theeastern Canadian Prairies. Canadian Journal Soil Science 1983, 63: 211-219.（以上为中英文参考文献录入格式举例）致谢作者简历。
农业推广硕士英语教程
农业推广硕士英语教程As the sun rises over the vast expanse of the Midwest, a new generation of agriculturalists is preparing to take the lead. Among them is Sarah, a passionate advocate for sustainable farming practices, who is about to embark on a journey to earn her Master's in Agricultural Extension. Her goal is not just to learn the science behind the soil, but to communicate it effectively to those who work the land every day.Sarah's day begins with a cup of strong coffee and a review of her English tutorial materials. She knows that to truly master agricultural extension, she must be fluent in the language of her field. Her English tutorial is not just a collection of textbooks and lectures; it's a bridge to a global community of farmers, researchers, and policymakers.The tutorial is designed to be immersive, starting with the basics of agricultural terminology and progressing to complex discussions on policy and sustainability. Sarah'sfirst lesson is on soil health, and she practices using phrases like "organic matter content" and "soil pH levels" with precision and clarity. She records herself speaking, listening back to ensure her pronunciation is crisp and her pace is conversational.As the weeks go by, Sarah delves into more advanced topics. She learns how to explain the intricacies of croprotation and the benefits of integrated pest management. Her English tutorial includes role-playing exercises where she pretends to be an extension agent, advising a group of farmers on the best practices for their specific region.The emotional connection to her work is evident in the way Sarah speaks about her aspirations. "It's not just about growing crops," she says with a determined glint in her eye. "It's about growing a community, a community that can sustain itself and the land for generations to come."Sarah's tutorial also emphasizes the importance of writing. She spends hours crafting emails and reports that are not only informative but also engaging. She learns theart of storytelling through data, making complex agricultural concepts accessible to a wider audience.As her mastery of the English language grows, so does her confidence. Sarah begins to network with international organizations, attending webinars and conferences where she presents her ideas in English. Her fluency allows her to connect with agricultural experts from around the world, sharing knowledge and forming partnerships that could one day transform the way we grow our food.The final chapter of her tutorial focuses on leadership and communication. Sarah is tasked with creating a presentation on the future of agricultural extension, notjust in her own country but globally. She weaves together her knowledge of agronomy, economics, and environmental science, presenting it in a way that is both compelling andunderstandable to a non-specialist audience.Her journey is not without its challenges. There are moments of frustration when a concept doesn't quite click or when her choice of words doesn't quite capture the nuanceshe's aiming for. But with each setback, Sarah learns, adapts, and grows stronger.As she nears the completion of her tutorial, Sarahreflects on her progress. She sees not just an improvement in her language skills but also a deeper understanding of herrole as an agricultural extension master. She knows that the words she chooses and the way she communicates them caninspire change and make a real difference in the lives of farmers and the health of the planet.Her tutorial may be ending, but for Sarah, it's just the beginning. With her newfound command of the English language and her passion for sustainable agriculture, she's ready to step into the field and lead by example, one conversation ata time.。
农业推广硕士英语
农业推广硕士英语English: The Master's program in Agricultural Extension aims to provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in the field of agricultural extension, enabling them to contribute to the development of the agricultural sector. The program covers topics such as agricultural communication, technology transfer, farmer training, and rural development. Students will learn about different communication strategies and platforms used to disseminate agricultural information to farmers and rural communities. They will also gain an understanding of various extension methodologies and their application in different agricultural contexts. The curriculum includes courses on agricultural economics, rural sociology, research methods, and project management to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the agricultural sector. Graduates of this program will be equipped with the necessary skills to design and implement effective extension programs, monitor and evaluate their impact, and contribute to agricultural development at various levels. This program also emphasizes the importance of sustainable agriculture and addresses the challenges faced by farmers in adopting new technologies and practices. Additionally, students willhave the opportunity to engage in fieldwork and internships where they can apply their theoretical knowledge in real-life agricultural settings. By the end of the program, graduates will be able to apply critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills to address the complex challenges in agricultural extension.中文翻译: 农业推广硕士项目旨在向学生提供农业推广领域的高级知识和技能，使他们能够为农业部门的发展做出贡献。
A Study of the Applicable Process of Chinese Farmers Starting Businesses in Their Hometowns
A Study of the Applicable Process of Chinese Farmers StartingBusinesses in Their HometownsAbstractIn China，farmers starting businesses in their hometowns have become a driving force behind the farmer income increasing，and have enhanced the vitality of rural development. We find and develop an applicable process of farmers starting businesses that are the key to ensure more farmers or rural migrant workers of returning home to start businesses successfully. This paper presents 6 specific aspects for farmers starting businesses in their hometowns：farmers evaluate themselves as entrepreneurs，establish suitable business ideas，the market assessment，determine the business organization and legal form，work out a plan of the start-up capital and profit，and a judgment for the future enterprise. This paper also makes scientific analysis of these specific aspects to hope that more farmers start businesses successfully and promote rural economic development in China.Key words：Chinese farmers；Starting businesses in thehometowns；Applicable processShen，Z. M. （2015）. A Study of the Applicable Process of Chinese Farmers Starting Businesses in Their Hometowns. Canadian Social Science，11（4），-0. Available from：http：///index.php/css/article/view/6690 DOI：http：///10.3968/6690INTRODUCTIONChina is making an effort to build a moderately prosperous society which is a national dream and aspiration of more than a hundred years. For achieving this grand strategic goal as soon as possible and perfectly，it is to need the active participation of farmers，who are nearly half of the population，and especially need farmers or rural migrant workers of returning home to start businesses in their hometowns and become entrepreneurs who promote the local social and economic development. Zhu et al. （2014）believe that entrepreneurs are the main engine of economic development，and entrepreneurs use the innovative combinations of factors to promote the economic development. A large number of data show that farmers starting businesses have gradually become the force to change the rural social and economic status because of the rapid and high quality development of thesociety and economy and the better rural environment in China. Farmers are getting more and more attention of scholars at home and abroad and the relevant departments，and research literature about entrepreneurial farmers has increased in recent years. Jiao et al. （2013）pointed out that，overall，there was more research of regional farmer entrepreneurship，entrepreneurial environment and policies. Obviously，the research of applicable business process of farmers starting businesses is needed now. According to the existing research results and the actual demand，it is an urgent need to find an applicable business process of farmers starting businesses，so that ensure more farmers or rural migrant workers of returning home to start businesses successfully and promote a better and faster social and economic development in the rural area of china. 1. THE MEANING OF FARMERS STARTING BUSINESSES IN THEIR HOMETOWNSFrom a historical point of view，the analysis of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial phenomenon of some foreign countries began in the mid eighteenth century，after more than 200 years，it started to have a rapid development in 1980s. Since 1982 until now，in the comprehensive construction of socialist market economy with Chinesecharacteristics，entrepreneurship has become a prominent phenomenon in Chinese economic and commercial activities. Especially in the last 10 years，from college students starting businesses to farmers starting businesses，further to farmers starting businesses in their hometowns，entrepreneurship can be described as one of the hottest words. Using the simplest way to describe entrepreneurship，we may say that entrepreneurship is to start a business from scratch. In China，farmers starting businesses in their hometowns refer to the activities，in which，the farmers consider the local nature，economy，population，science，technology，politics，law，society，cultural environment and their own resources，take the market demand as the guidance，and optimally use land，labor，capital，entrepreneurial ability and other factors of production to start businesses in their hometowns.2. THE DEFINITION OF THE APPLICABLE PROCESS OF FARMERS STARTING BUSINESSES IN THEIR HOMETOWNS AND THE SPECIFIC STEPSThe knowledge of the operational research tells us that doing things needs to have some norms and procedures. So it is easier to be with minimum fuss and maximum efficiency. When farmers start businesses in their hometowns，they need to usetheir hard-earned money and other resources for the enterprises. So the key is to ensure the businesses to be successful. The reality is that some farmers have successful businesses，and some farmers have failed. The failure of farmers is related to that the peasant entrepreneurs are not clear about or not according to the corresponding process. The applicable process for farmers starting businesses in their hometowns refers to the steps that the peasant entrepreneurs should follow from the evaluating themselves as entrepreneurs to operate enterprises，and these steps are suitable for the farmer entrepreneurs and the environmental characteristics. In the applicable process for farmers starting businesses in their hometowns，there are 6 specific steps：Farmers evaluate themselves as entrepreneurs，establish suitable business ideas，the market assessment，determine the business organization and legal form，work out a plan of the start-up capital and profit，and a judgment for the future enterprise. 3. THE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABLE PROCESS OF FARMERS STARTING BUSINESSES IN THEIR HOMETOWNS：TAKEA SMALL GOAT FARM AS AN EXAMPLE3.1 Farmers Evaluate Themselves as Entrepreneurs3.1.1 Farmers Should Be Aware of Possible ProblemsThe decision of a farmer starting a business is an important decision in his life. There must be some real problems in front of him，such as：His original land can not be cultivated，or his original farming land has been unable to meet the business needs so he needs to increase land so his farming model will change. Farmers have to learn to adapt the new situation，make more efforts and sacrifice more freedom to take care of their own enterprises in order to make a smooth growth. Only in accordance with the expected development，the farmer is possible to get the corresponding economic benefits. If a farmer wants to become entrepreneurs，it is possible that he can not get along with his boss，as the folk saying，“An unlucky boss is better than the workers”，and perhaps he becomes a landless peasant. But no matter what are the motivations for entrepreneurship，farmers should remember that they are inevitably accompanied by pain and suffering when they enjoy the benefits of entrepreneurship，so someone has said，“I will work for other people to the end of my career.”Farmers starting businesses can change their current situations，bring better economic conditions for their families，and enjoy changes in their identities，status and lifestyle brought by their success；they can control theirworking time and even realize their dreams. Of course，nothing is perfect in the world. In the beginning，because the enterprise management and operation mechanism are not completely perfect，entrepreneurs often work longer and harder than in the past，as someone describes，“Owners of small businesses work from open eyes to turn off the lights.”The majority of Chinese private entrepreneurs work very hard when they start businesses. If businesses have problems，the peasant entrepreneurs may not recover the money，which is their accumulation of wealth by years of hard work. Currently，some bosses run away from their creditors that gave farmer entrepreneurs a vivid lesson. Entrepreneurs must know that a series of problems may arise in entrepreneurship，and they should have psychological and material preparation.3.1.2 Farmers Should Analyze Their Roles as EntrepreneursFor farmers or rural migrant workers，the failure of starting businesses in their hometowns mainly are caused by the enterprise management problems in the early stage of starting businesses，such as the financial internal control system is not suitable，the implementation of rules and regulations is not in place，the cash management has problems，payments are not in time，idle assets are too muchand so on. In the agricultural business and animal husbandry，products do not meet the standards because of ignoring details and natural disasters that often appear. So the farmers should analyze their roles as entrepreneurs. Pay attention to the enterprises to have the high degree of credibility. The farmers should also have good psychological quality and healthy bodies，so they will have the energy and the ability to take care of their enterprises. The farmers should also have suitable family conditions. They need technical skills，such as：The goat breeding technology or others. They need enterprise management skills such as：the goat farm management ability or others. They need related industries knowledge such as：The goat market knowledge or others. These skills，ability and knowledge will support their business projects. From these aspects，the farmers should continue to study the theories，knowledge and skills of animal husbandry management as well as other related business knowledge for starting other businesses in the future，and enhance their business ability. 3.1.3 Analyze Possible Resources and StrengthThe farmers should analyze their resources，which are the foundations for the realization of favorite business targets ofthe farmers. The human resources are that the farmersunderstand theories of the business operations and have practical operation skills. The farmers should also know what are their available real property and personal property，how long are these resources at their disposal，if cash flow has problems，they will use what kind of resources instead. The farmers should understand all of these problems and have good preparation for these problems. Some rural migrant workers starting businesses in their hometowns are unable to bear the risk of loss of their businesses because they do not have a correct evaluation of their own resources. Some farmer entrepreneurs have broken families and even commit suicide because of their failure. Cases of failure alert farmer entrepreneurs to properly evaluate their strength and resources.3.2 Establish Suitable Business Ideas3.2.1 Understand the Business Forms and CompositionFinding a good business project is a key determinant that makes a business success. The farmers should know all kinds of company forms，because different company forms have different requirements for the executive ability and the resources. There are trade，manufacturing，services，agriculture，forestry，animal husbandry，fishery，medical，associated with network enterprises and so on. When a farmer knows the business classification，the farmer may feel more comfortable for running a type of business，and he will have concentrated. Because various types of enterprises have different characteristics，the farmers should analyze these characteristics more carefully，so that they can understand factors of business success of these enterprises. If a farmer runs a small goat farm，he will analyze factors related with the small goat farm，for example：The land and water，sales of goat，reduce the cost，pasture and forest vegetation restoration，transportation of products，protection of the land and water，environmental hygiene standards and so on. All in all，any enterprise should be “Guided by market demand，having good customer services，and caring workers”.3.2.2 Have a Good Business Idea and Check ItA good business plan should include the market opportunities and should also include the resources and capabilities which the entrepreneur can use to take advantage of the opportunities. If a farmer entrepreneur founds a small enterprise which has a basic scale of 30 female goats，the entrepreneur should have an in-depth analysis of variousresources and conditions around his business，see whetherthe resources and conditions meet basic requirements for the survival and development of his enterprise，and then further confirm that he has the way and strength to make good use of these resources and conditions，such as：He can bear hardships，work hard，and live in mountains with camping. Then he should check the idea，and he can do the “SWOT”analysis，the strengths，weaknesses，opportunities and threats. The farmer has to have an independent analysis of his business idea，a small goat farm，and have an independent judgment. The farmer also needs to put his idea into his business plan. For example，he may write down the early business project，an entrepreneurial ability enhancement plan which includes his weaknesses and a changing weaknesses plan，a business spending and funding plan，and a SWOT analysis of the project. 3.3 The Market AssessmentAn entrepreneur should focus on his customers and competitors. His customers are equal to the market. If there is not the market，his enterprise will go bankrupt. An entrepreneur should evaluate his customers and competitors that can help him to determine whether the project is feasible and avoid the risk of “marketing myopia”. An entrepreneurshould make a judgment of his customers’characteristics，competitors’advantages and disadvantages，such as the goat’s and goat product’s market demand，price trend，the true scale of breeding and so on in his area and relevant regions. An entrepreneur should develop a detailed marketing plan，at least has plans for the products，channels，prices and promotion，and has a social marketing program，using the table form as possible.3.4 Determine the Business Organization and Legal FormAn entrepreneur should know what employees he needs.A micro business owner is the entrepreneur himself. If an entrepreneur wants to run a partnership enterprise，he needs to find a good partner. An entrepreneur needs to write downthe description of posts which he needs，the job responsibilities and the corresponding people quantity. Different enterprises have different organizational structure. An entrepreneur should determine an organizational structure which is suitable for his business. At the same time，An entrepreneur needs to choose a legal form of his enterprise，the individual industrial and commercial household，sole proprietorship，partnership，limited liability company，Limited by shares，foreign investment company，joint ventureenterprises and so on. An entrepreneur should choose the legal form of his enterprise himself. He can listen to other suggestions but he eventually should decide the legal form himself. An entrepreneur should further understand the legal environment of his enterprise and his responsibilities，such as entrepreneurs need to have the industrial and commercial registration and insurance. An entrepreneur should considerthe rights and interests of himself，the staff and the enterprise. An entrepreneur should pay taxes in accordance with the law and follow the labor contract law.3.5 Work Out a Plan of the Start-Up Capital and ProfitAn entrepreneur should predict the start-up capital，which includes fixed capital and liquidity. An entrepreneur should predict investment，such as listing detailed spending of a small goat farm （30 female goats）construction in predicting fixed assets as well as predicting the liquidity. At the same time，the entrepreneur should make a profit plan，such as the price and income plan，sales and cost plan. According to the product unit cost plus a percentage of the profit or other methods，the entrepreneur should be able to determine the price of his product and forecast the sales and the profit. The entrepreneur also needs to make the project cash flow plans for a month，quarter and year. And the entrepreneur finally needs to know sources of funding or conditions for applying loans，because money is the blood of enterprise operation and capital management is the nervous system of enterprise. 3.6 A Judgment for the Future EnterpriseWhen a farmer has a clear business or operational idea，he should write down a business plan，which has an overview，market assessment，company structure，financial management，marketing strategy and so on. If the farmer entrepreneur has a lower level of education，he should also have a clear framework in his mind. If the farmer entrepreneur starts or runs a company，he needs to list the specific tasks which need to be done. He should adhere to carry out the enterprise’s daily activities well，such as the supervision and management of employees，purchase，sales，inventory，production management，customer services，control the cost and price，business records and other daily activities. In particular，enterprises of the breeding of goats are like IT high-tech enterprises，the objects of production and operation management are living animals in enterprises of the breedingof goats，and there are too many uncontrollable factors. The entrepreneurs of these enterprises should attach greatimportance to the next thing，and think about the next step and the things of tomorrow. Remember that “selling a product in the market，producing a product in the production line，developing a product in the R&D department，and also having a product in mind”. So far，an applicable process of farmers starting businesses in their hometowns and the scientific analysis has been presented. If farmers follow the applicable process to learn starting and running their business，they will have good enterprises.CONCLUSIONIn China，farmers starting businesses in their hometowns refer to farmers take the market demand as the guidance，and optimally use land，labor，capital，entrepreneurial ability and other factors of production to start businesses in their hometowns. The applicable process for farmers starting businesses in their hometowns include 6 specific aspects：“Farmers evaluate themselves as entrepreneurs，establish suitable business ideas，the market assessment，determine the business organization and legal form，work out a plan of the start-up capital and profit，and a judgment for the future enterprise.”Farmers and rural migrant workers of returning home should follow the applicable process and the scientificanalytical standards of the applicable process，which will help them to be successful in starting businesses in their hometowns.REFERENCESJiao，M. C.，Li，C. X.，& Xue，X. L. （2013）. A positive analysis of farmers starting businesses in China. Journal of Agricultural Economics，（6），40-47.Zhu，H. G.，& Kang，L. Y. （2014）. Theoretical and positive analysis of intergenerational transmission of peasants’entrepreneurship―From the evidence of 1，716 samples of 35 counties and cities of Jiangxi province. Finance and Trade Research，（4），48-56.。
研究生农业科技英文文献翻译报告
JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 研究生农业科技英文文献翻译报告题目名称：（中文）（英文）Title（英文题目小四号Times new roman ）（五号空一行）学生姓名：学号：（五号空一行）院系专业：教学班级：（五号空一行）硕士导师：职称：（五号空一行）研究方向：年月日说明：1. 硕士导师签字：目的是让学生结合论文开题撰写英文文献报告，请导师在第一学期确定学生论文研究方向，指定英文文献查寻范围。
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目录示例（四号空一行）Contents（四号Times New Roman 加粗居中）（四号空一行）第一部分/ PART I（见封面）Title（英文题目小四号Times new roman ） (Ⅰ)第二部分/ PART II（摘要）Abstract and Key words (Ⅰ)第三部分/ PART III（正文）I □×× (1)1.1 ×× (2)1.1.1□× (3)1.1.2 □×× (4)II □×× (6)2.1 ×× (7)2.1.1×× (8)2.1.2×× (9)2.2×× (10)第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）References (11)第五部分/ PART V（鸣谢/附录）Acknowledgements (12)Appendix (13)说明：1、如论文用中文撰写，应按照学校文科论文格式排版。
2、目录单独成页，从目录开始行间距均为固定值20磅，要求最多编写到四级标题，如：（1）、（2）。
3、文中“□”代表一个空格。
第二部分/ PART II （摘要）摘要及关键词示例Abstract and Key words·×××××（英文题目，三号Times New Roman，加粗居中，段后0.5行）Name：×××Major：×××Tutor：×××（小四Times New Roman）Abstract:（小四Times New Roman加粗）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××（小四Times New Roman）Keywords:（小四Times New Roman加粗）×××;×××;××（小四Times New Roman）（小四空一行）×××××××××（中文题目，三号黑体，居中，段后0.5行）姓名：×××专业：×××指导教师：×××（小四仿宋）（小四空一行）摘要：（小四楷体，加粗）××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××（小四楷体）关键词：（小四楷体，加粗）××××××；×××××；×××（小四楷体）说明：1、从本页开始标注页码，页码用五号字，在页面下方居中编排。
全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题
全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题Part One Vocabulary and StructureFill in the balnks with words or expressions chosen from the following list. Change the form where necessary.speculate specify commitment despite desirable access contribution adolescent banish inhabitant identify frustration impact sanction impressive hit upon switch correspond to obligation various1、The U.N would impose economic against the offending nations or government.2、The boys and girls are fond of behaving differently from seniors.3、I a satisfactory explanation.4、Man on the origin of the universe since the beginning og the human history.5、Y ou can from your mind the idea of holding a party during the examination week.6、The company that we would have one subject to another.7、The American Congree the British Parliament.8、We are trying to find some people who have a real sense of to the job.9、the sandstorm, the Johnsons drove to the xilla to celebrate their 25thanniversary of marriage.10、Y ou are under no to pay for goods which you did not order.11、Men still hold the vast majority of the least- or modt-dangerous jobs, such as loggers and miners.12、He doesn’t expect to see changes overnight.13、Students must have to good books.14、He made a quick from an unfriendly to a friendly manner when he saw that they could help him.15、He liberally a large sum of maney to the relief fund.16、This is a city of five milliuon .17、This dress is available in colors.18、Y ourjob is to the different forms of butterflies.19、Life is full of .20、The computer has made a great on madern life.Part Two ClozeFill in the blanks with the words given below from the box. Change the forms if necessary.point reluctant push relieve routine substitute aware face rely co ncern In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread 1 that computers woula take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are 2 as of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are 3 with a less dramatic but also less forseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are 4 to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly a 5 that wrong buttons may be 6 , or that a computer may simply malfunction. Obviously, there would no 7 in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also 8 on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and 9 double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning; for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen asa 10 for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、Part Three Reading Comprehension 40%There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the best one according to what you read.Passage OneFor years, many people would not believe that smoking could do harm to so many parts of the body in so many ways, study shows, however, that tobacco isn’t one single thing. At least60%of it is gas. And one of these is the deadly carbon monoxide(CO).In factories, the amount of this gas in the air is measured, and it must be kept under fixed, safe level. But there is 640 times this safe amount in cigarette smoking.Oxygen is carried through your body by the red blood cells before the oxygen can. So, if you smoke your blood carries five to ten times more of this deadly gas than is normal. To make up for this, your body must make more red cells.The oxygen in your blood passes into your tissues(组织).But here again CO means trouble. It keeps the oxygen from passing into your tissues as fast as it should. Because of this, anyone who smokes and lives at the altitude(高度)of sea level may get as little oxygen as a non-smoker at an altitude of nearly two miles.This happens to every one who smokes, no matter how old or how young. Anyone who takes part in sports can tell you that those who smoke run out of breath more quickly than those who do not.1.Decide which of the following statements is true according to the passage.A. Many people used to think that smoking could be seriously harmful.B. It has bee quite well known for years that smoking could do harm to many parts of thebody in many ways.C. Not a few people have seen the harm of cigarettes and given up smoking.D. For years many people didn’t agree on the serious danger of smoking.2.The amount of the gas CO in cigarette smoking is____ in factories.A. 640 times higher than the gas safe levelB. 640 times lower than thatC. 640 times more than thatD. as dangerous as that3.If you smoke,___.A. your blood carries more oxygen than is normalB. your blood carries much more carbon monoxide than is normalC. your blood will run faster than usualD. your blood will run more slowly than usual4.Those who smoke____.A. breathe less carbon monoxide the workers in a cigarette factoryB. always live at an altitude of two milesC. breathe as little oxygen as non-smokersD. get much less amount of oxygen than non-smokers get when they live at the same altitude5.Smokers are easily __in games.A. hurtB. excitedC. worn outD. nervousPassage T woTracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from otherpeople’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus aback to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address — and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. “Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week — not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast, says Michael V atis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all would fail.Makaveli and Tooshort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation (假释), required to perform community service, and prevented form having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.6. What should be known to catch cybercrimials?A. Credit card numbers.B. Suspects’ fingerprints.C. The technology used to commit the crimes.D. Numbers, symbols and letters.7. How dangerous was Melissa virus back in 1999?A. It destroyed computer files worldwide.B. Many agents took up the case.C. Technicians, experts, and a student were investigated.D. Telephone lines and computers were destroyed.8. How serious could a computer crime become?A. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.B. A city would be thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the east coast for a week.D. There would be no more television programs to watch.9. What can we infer about the process of catching computer criminals from the passage?A. It could be dangerous.B. It is rather complicated to identify the cybercriminals.C. It would cause a huge loss.D. It has been a severe punishment.10. The last sentence of the passage may serve as a _________.A. warningB. complaintC. suggestionD. commandPassage ThreeBesides providing an ideal environment for sea plants and animals to live in, seawater hasother values, one of which is that it constantly moves, and its movements produce energy.The most obvious movements are the waves and the tides. Windes cause the waves ,and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun causes the tides. In places like the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the difference between the high and low tide level can be as much as 40 feet.France and Britain are now trying to use energy in the tides to produce electricity. Waves can produce electricity and some experiments are taking place to learn more about this. One of the most encouraging areas of research uses the difference between the temperature of seawater at the surface and deep down to produce electricity.11.One of the values of seawater is that____.A. it has no plants in it. B .it pulls the sun and the moonC.. it flows all the timeD. it feeds all the time12.Waves and tides are caused by_____.A. the same forcesB. different forcesC. their own movementsD. plants and animals13.According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?A. The temperature difference of seawater can produce electricity.B. The energy in the tides can produce electricity.C. Waves can produce electricity.D. The plants and animals in the ocean can produce electricity.14.It is being tried in_____to use energy in the tides to produce electricity.A. many countries in the world B .CanadaC. some developed countriesD. Britain and the United States15.The best title for this passage is_______.A. Tides and WavesB. How to produce electricityC. SeawaterD. Another Cheap EnergyPassage FourMillions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers Another reason is that repair costs have increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided .Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their job well. V arious courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.16.One can take adult education courses_______.A. in a private college or universityB. at homeC. at his(or her)working placeD. in a community college or university17.Adult education has become popular_________.A. because many old people are changing their professionsB. because some people are looking for better jobsC. because they have high costs for repairs and advanced technologyD. all of the above18.Generally ________.A. large universities are offering much help for us studentsB. universities are giving more courses during the daytimeC. universities are not giving courses in the evenings for adult studentsD. large universities are giving more classes in the evenings for adult students19.Which of the following courses is not offered in evening adult education programs?A. Plumbing and electrical repairB. EngineeringC. Foreign languagesD. Accounting and communication20.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. People go to attend the evening adult classes for money.B. They go there for they want to enrich their lives.C. They have to study more because of the advanced technology.D. They do so for the reason that they want to do their jobs better.Part Four Translate the following sentences into English. 15%1、他拒绝在作必要的调查研究之前对争论的问题表态。
学术论文翻译申请书
学术论文翻译申请书尊敬的翻译评审委员会：我谨以此函向您提交学术论文翻译申请书，希望能够得到您的批准和支持。
我自愿申请将下述研究论文从原始语言（中文）翻译为目标语言（英文），以期达到国际学术交流的目的。
一、基本信息：1. 论文题目：《研究论文题目》2. 作者：[作者姓名]3. 原始语言：中文4. 翻译目标语言：英文二、研究背景与目的：本研究论文旨在探讨……主要分析了……通过对……进行分析，得出了……为了加强国际学术交流，促进学术共同进步，将本研究论文翻译成英文对于推广研究成果、促进学术交流具有重要意义。
三、翻译方案与计划：1. 翻译方法：本次翻译计划采用目标导向翻译方法，即以目标文化为翻译对象，注重准确表达原文的意思与精髓，同时注重目标语言特点和读者的理解需求，确保翻译结果贴合英文学术论文的写作规范与要求。
2. 翻译流程：（1）文献阅读与理解：通过深入阅读原始论文，全面理解原文的学术内容、结构和框架，明确论文所要表达的观点和论证过程。
（2）词汇与句法分析：对原始论文中的专业术语、短语和句式进行提取和分析，确保在翻译过程中准确使用相应的英文术语，使翻译结果更加专业和准确。
（3）翻译初稿：根据原始文本的意思和结构，进行英语表达，努力找到最合适的表达方式。
重点关注语法准确性、句子连贯性和上下文的一致性。
（4）校对与润色：在初稿完成后，进行校对和润色，对翻译结果进行审查和修改，以保证语法、标点符号和格式的准确性。
（5）最终审核：进行最终的审核和审查，确保翻译结果符合学术论文的写作规范和要求，以及目标语言读者的阅读习惯和理解需求。
四、翻译人员与经验：本次翻译由我本人完成。
我具备相关领域的学术背景和专业知识，并且有多年从事学术研究和翻译的经验。
我以往的翻译作品曾获得过学术界的肯定和好评。
五、推广与利用计划：一旦完成翻译，我计划通过学术期刊、国际会议等渠道，将翻译结果发布和推广；同时，希望能够与相关的国内外学术机构合作，促进本研究的进一步发展和交流。
英语作文-农业科学研究和试验发展行业的农业科技成果转化与推广应用
英语作文-农业科学研究和试验发展行业的农业科技成果转化与推广应用Title: Agricultural Research and Experimentation: Enhancing Technology Transfers and Application in the Industry。
In the realm of agricultural science and research, the advancement and translation of technological innovations are pivotal for sustainable agricultural development. This sector, often referred to as the bridge between laboratory discoveries and farmer's fields, plays a crucial role in driving productivity and resilience in agriculture (1).The industry's focus on农业科技成果转化 involves a multi-step process, beginning with rigorous research in labs. These experiments, often conducted in controlled environments, aim to develop new techniques, crops, and farming practices (2). The results of these studies are then translated into practical applications through partnerships with farmers, cooperatives, and extension services (3). This collaboration ensures that the knowledge is disseminated effectively and adopted by the farming community (4).One significant challenge in this process is the gap between the high-tech research and the farmers' needs. To bridge this gap, governments and research institutions often invest in capacity building programs, providing farmers with the necessary skills to understand and implement new technologies (5). This not only enhances the adoption rate but also promotes the diffusion of innovations (6).The role of public-private partnerships is crucial in driving the application of research findings. Private companies, with their market-driven approach, can facilitate the commercialization of technologies, while public sector entities can ensure the equitable distribution and policy support (7). This synergy fosters a robust innovation ecosystem (8).In addition to technological advancements, the sector must also address issues like climate change and its impact on agriculture. This requires a shift towards climate-resilient crops and practices, which further underscores the importance of research and its translation into action (9).To ensure the long-term success of these efforts, continuous monitoring and evaluation are necessary. Data collection and analysis help in refining research strategies and identifying areas for improvement (10). This iterative process ensures that the industry's focus remains on the real-world needs and challenges (11).In conclusion, the agricultural research and experimentation sector's success lies in its ability to effectively translate and apply scientific advancements. By fostering partnerships, addressing farmer needs, and embracing climate change, we can propel agriculture towards a more sustainable and productive future (12).References:1. FAO. (2021). Agricultural Research for Development: A Global Perspective.2. National Research Council. (2018). Agricultural Research for Development: Strengthening the Linkages.3. Smith, J. (2019). Technology Transfer in Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities.4. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2020). Improving Agricultural Innovation Systems.5. USDA. (2021). Agricultural Extension Services: A Key Driver of Innovation.6. World Bank. (2022). Innovation in Agriculture: Policy Recommendations.7. World Trade Organization. (2020). Public-Private Partnerships in Agricultural Research and Development.8. World Economic Forum. (2021). The Future of Agriculture: Innovation and Technology.9. IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.10. Agricultural Research Council. (2023). Monitoring and Evaluation Strategies for Technology Transfer.11. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2022). Agricultural Research and Development: A Pathway to Transformation.。
农业科技推广申请书
农业科技推广申请书尊敬的受理部门名称：您好！我谨代表申请单位名称，向您提交这份农业科技推广申请书，希望能够得到您的支持和批准，让我们有机会为推动农业现代化、促进农业可持续发展贡献一份力量。
一、申请背景农业作为国民经济的基础，对于保障国家粮食安全、促进农村经济发展和农民增收具有至关重要的意义。
然而，当前我国农业仍面临着诸多挑战，如农业生产效率低下、农产品质量参差不齐、农业生态环境恶化等。
为了应对这些挑战，加快农业科技创新和推广应用已成为当务之急。
随着科学技术的不断进步，越来越多的农业科技成果涌现出来，如新品种选育、高效栽培技术、精准农业技术、农业信息化技术等。
这些科技成果具有巨大的应用潜力，如果能够得到及时有效的推广，将极大地提高农业生产效率和质量，促进农业产业升级，增加农民收入，推动乡村振兴战略的实施。
二、申请单位情况申请单位名称成立于成立时间，是一家专注于农业科技研发、推广和服务的单位性质。
单位拥有一支高素质的农业科技人才队伍，其中包括专业技术人员数量名博士、专业技术人员数量名硕士和专业技术人员数量名具有丰富实践经验的农业技术专家。
单位还拥有先进的实验设备和科研条件，能够开展农业科技研发和试验示范工作。
近年来，申请单位名称承担了多项国家级和省级农业科技项目，取得了一系列重要科研成果，并在农业科技推广方面积累了丰富的经验。
我们与多家农业企业、农民合作社和种植大户建立了长期合作关系，通过技术培训、现场指导、示范基地建设等方式，将农业科技成果推广应用到实际生产中，取得了显著的经济和社会效益。
三、推广的农业科技成果1、科技成果 1 名称成果简介：简要介绍科技成果 1 的技术原理、特点和优势应用效果：介绍科技成果 1 在试验示范中的应用效果，如提高产量、改善品质、降低成本等适用范围：说明科技成果 1 适用的作物种类、种植区域和生产条件2、科技成果 2 名称成果简介：简要介绍科技成果 2 的技术原理、特点和优势应用效果：介绍科技成果 2 在试验示范中的应用效果，如提高产量、改善品质、降低成本等适用范围：说明科技成果 2 适用的作物种类、种植区域和生产条件3、科技成果 3 名称成果简介：简要介绍科技成果 3 的技术原理、特点和优势应用效果：介绍科技成果 3 在试验示范中的应用效果，如提高产量、改善品质、降低成本等适用范围：说明科技成果 3 适用的作物种类、种植区域和生产条件四、推广方案1、推广目标在推广时间范围内，将科技成果名称推广应用到推广面积或受益农户数量。
如何成为一名优秀的农业推广人员英语作文
如何成为一名优秀的农业推广人员英语作文How to Become an Excellent Agricultural Extension WorkerAgricultural extension plays a crucial role in promoting the development of agriculture. As an agricultural extension worker, it is essential to possess the following skills and qualities:1. Knowledgeable: An excellent agricultural extension worker should have a good understanding of agricultural science and technology. This includes knowledge of plant and animal sciences, soil science, and pest control.2. Good Communication Skills: Communication is a vital skill for an agricultural extension worker. The ability to effectively communicate with farmers to help them understand new technologies, practices, and solutions is critical.3. Empathy: An excellent extension worker should be able to empathize with farmers and their challenges. They should be understanding and patient in offering support and guidance while being respectful of cultural and regional differences.4. Adaptability: Agricultural practices evolve over time, and an excellent agricultural extension worker should stay updated with the latest technologies and approaches that can benefit farmers.5. Marketing Skills: An excellent agricultural extension worker should have marketing and analytical skills to identify farming trends, consumer preferences, and market opportunities. This information can be used to support farmers and enable them to make appropriate production and marketing decisions.6. Teamwork: Agricultural extension workers should collaborate with farmers, local governments, and other stakeholders to enhance production and improve the livelihoods of farmers.To become an excellent agricultural extension worker, one needs to continue learning, focus on building and strengthening relationships with farmers, and remain committed to their profession. With hard work and dedication, a career in agricultural extension can be rewarding and fulfilling.。
翻译硕士之笔译词汇农业类
翻译硕士之笔译词汇农业类agricultural and sideline products 农副产品agricultural commodities 农产品agro-food systems 农业粮食系统air stripping 空气清除an agribusiness specialist 农业企业的专家aquaculture farming system 水产养殖系统artificial diet 加工的食物biological agents 生物因子biological control 生物控制breeding cycle 生殖周期capture-based aquaculture 基于捕捞的水产养殖cereal importers 人物进口国chemical contaminants 化学污染物chemical herbicides 化学除草剂chromosomal manipulation 染色体控制chronic hunger 长期饥饿circulation period 循环期coastal plain 滨海平原confined aquifer 被限制的含水层conservation agriculture 保护性农业control diet 对照食物control of foot-and-mouth disease 口蹄疫防治counter-season vegetables 反季节蔬菜cover crops 覆盖作物crop and livestock productivity 作物和家畜的生产率crop failures 作物歉收crop residues 作物秸秆crop rotation 作物轮种crossbreeding 杂交育种deforestation rate 森林砍伐速度degradation and overexploitation of natural resources 自然资源的退化和过度开发depleted and overexploited areas 已经枯竭和过度开发地区developmental stage 发育阶段diagnostic reagent 诊断试剂direct seeding 直接播种disease and pest problems 病虫害diversified food production 多样化粮食生产double cropping 两季作物drainage basin 排水盆地(阵雨形成的地表径流和地下水流具有共同出口的区域)drainage canal 排放沟渠dung water 粪水early reaction to food crises 粮食危机早期反应emergency food assistance 紧急粮食援助extension systems 推广系统farming techniques 耕作技术farm power constraints 农机等制约因素farm subsidy 农产品补贴fodder crops 饲料作物food chain 食物链food crisis and implementation of the Comprehensive Framework for Action 粮食危机和综合行动框架的实施Food Price Index 粮食价格指数food processing, preservation and storage technologies 粮食加工、保存和储藏技术food quality and safety 食品质量与安全food security 食品安全forest coverage 森林覆盖genetic resources for food and agriculture 粮食农业遗传资源green manure crops 绿肥作物input technologies 投入技术integrated pest management practices 病虫害综合治理方法land degradation 土地退化land reclamation 开垦荒地low-cost technologies 低成本技术major grain exporters 主要粮食出口国market instability 市场不稳定性mechanical tillage 机械松土mixed-farming systems 混合耕作制度mutation breeding 突变繁殖New Stone Age 新古器时代Non-agricultural purposes 非农用途organic agriculture 生态农业organic farming 有机耕作persistent drought 持续干旱pollution-free vegetables 无公害蔬菜post-harvest food losses 收获后和销售信息primitive society 原始社会residues of antibiotics 抗生素残留rural households and communities 农户和社区slaughter animals 宰杀家畜small-scale agro-processing 小规模农产品加工small-scale farmers 小农soil biota 土壤生物soil consistency 土壤坚固性soil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil improvement 土壤改良soil micro-organisms 土壤微生物soil nutrient balancing 土壤养分平衡subsidize food 补贴粮食subsistence farmers 生计农民sustainable aquaculture 可持续水产养殖sustainable food security policies 可持续食品安全政策sustainable intensification of rained agriculture 雨育农业的可持续集约化terrestrial and marine ecosystems 陆地和海洋生态系统the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 国际农业发展基金会the World Food Program (WFP) 世界粮食计划署tidal day 潮汐日tillage function 松土功能transfer and use of technologies 转让和使用技术undernourished people 营养不良的人waterborne disease 水源的疾病water carrying capacity of a canal 渠道输水能力weed control 控制杂草zero or minimum tillage 零耕或少耕Eroding purchasing power through a combination of falling incomes and real exchange rates afflicts the affordability of food, however cheap it has become on the international marketplace.尽管国际市场的粮食那么便宜，收入不断减少和汇率下降影响了人们购买粮食的能力。
农业推广硕士英语教程
20xx年浙江大学出版社出版的图书
01 内容简介
03录
《农业推广硕士英语教程》是2008年浙江大学出版社出版的图书，作者是郁仲莉。
内容简介
《农业推广硕士英语教程》系全国农业推广硕士专业学位教育指导委员会组织编写并推荐的农业推广硕士研 究生教材，由全国农业推广硕士专业学位教育指导委员会资助出版。本教材结构上包括12个单元，每个单元由A、 B、C三篇内容相关的课文组成。课文A为主课文，课文B和C为辅助性课文，课文后是注解和练习，书后配有练习 答案。内容上涉及四大主题：以农民为中心的农业推广（farmer-led extension），推广中的性别问题 （gender and extension），果蔬、家禽和营销（growing vegetables and fruits.poultryand marketing），以及可持续农业（sustainable agriculture）。适用于农业推广硕士研究生、农科院校的研究 生和教师，以及广大农业科技工作者。
推荐
《农业推广硕士英语教程》既全面反映了编写者丰富的研究生英语教学和科研经验，又准确体现了农业推广 硕士这一特殊学位类型的英语学习的要求。
作者简介
郁仲莉，江苏清江人。研究方向为翻译理论与实践，翻译批评，应用语言学与外语教学。主编出版研究生教 材、词典4部（其中教育部、农业部规划教材各1部），译著1部，教学磁带3盘，教学、文化等研究论文6篇。获 省部级奖励5项，校级奖励5项。
目录
序 前言 Unit 1 Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries Text A Problems and Ideas in Agricultural Extension Text B Training Agricultural Extension Workers Text C Adoption and Diffusion of InnovationsUnit 2 Management Planning and Policy Text A Managing Agricultural Extension Text B Programme Planning Text C Group Promoters in Rural Development Unit 3 Farmer-led Extension Text A Concepts and Practices in Farmer-led Extension
申请硕士学位审批表(中英文版)
申请硕士学位审批表（中英文版）Application Form for Master’s Degree 申请人姓名Candidate’s Name学号Student No.所在院系School/Department学科门类或职业型学位类别Discipline/Professional Degree学科专业或专业领域Major/Field指导教师Supervisor副指导教师Vice Supervisor同济大学研究生院Graduate School of Tongji University年月日/ / (mm/dd/yy)填表说明Instructions一、认真填写本表内容，如不够填写，可另加附页。
Fill in the form carefully. Additional pages allowed.二、用蓝黑色水笔填写或打印本表内容。
Fill in the form in black ink or print it out after filling.三、本表封面“学科门类”：申请学术型学位研究生填写此项。
学术型学位的学科门类，包括哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、理学、工学、医学、管理学、艺术学等十大门类。
“Discipline”: Candidates applying for the academic degrees fill in the “Discipline” space on the cover. And the “disciplines” here include: Philosophy, Economics, Law, Education, Literature, Natural Science, Engineering, Medicine, Management Science and Art.“职业型学位类别”：申请专业学位的研究生填写此项。
专业学位的职业类型，包括：金融、应用统计、法律、翻译、建筑学、工程、城市规划、风景园林、临床医学、口腔医学、工商管理、公共管理、会计、工程管理、艺术。
(全量版)高品质农田工程的推广计划英文版
（全量版）高品质农田工程的推广计划英文版Comprehensive Plan for Promoting High-Quality Farmland Engineering (Full Version) IntroductionThe promotion of high-quality farmland engineering is essential for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. This document outlines a comprehensive plan to promote the adoption of advanced engineering practices in farmland development.Objectives1. Increase awareness among farmers about the benefits of high-quality farmland engineering.2. Provide training and support to farmers on implementing advanced engineering techniques.3. Facilitate collaboration between agricultural experts, engineers, and farmers to improve farmland infrastructure.4. Ensure the sustainability and long-term viability of farmland through the adoption of best practices in engineering.Strategies1. Conduct workshops and seminars to educate farmers about the importance of high-quality farmland engineering.2. Develop training programs to equip farmers with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement advanced engineering techniques.3. Collaborate with engineering firms to provide technical assistance and support to farmers in designing and implementing farmland infrastructure.4. Establish demonstration farms to showcase the benefits of high-quality farmland engineering practices.5. Create partnerships with government agencies and agricultural organizations to promote policies that support the adoption of advanced engineering practices in farmland development.Implementation1. Identify key stakeholders and partners to collaborate on the promotion of high-quality farmland engineering.2. Develop a timeline for conducting workshops, training programs, and other educational activities.3. Allocate resources for the implementation of the promotional plan, including funding for training programs and infrastructure development.4. Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the promotional activities through regular assessments and feedback from farmers and experts.5. Adjust the promotional plan as needed based on feedback and evaluation results to ensure its continued success.ConclusionPromoting high-quality farmland engineering is crucial for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. By implementing the strategies outlined in this plan, we can work towards a future where advanced engineering practices are widely adopted in farmland development, leading to a more efficient and resilient agricultural sector.。
农技推广国务院特贴业绩成果范文
农技推广国务院特贴业绩成果范文（中英文实用版）English:The Ministry of Agriculture has always been at the forefront of agricultural technology promotion, and its achievements are evident in the increase of agricultural productivity and the improvement of farmers" incomes.One of the key factors contributing to the ministry"s success is the implementation of the "Special Allowance for Outstanding Contributions in Agricultural Technology Extension" program.This program has not only recognized the achievements of agricultural Extension workers but also motivated them to continue their efforts in promoting agricultural technology.中文：农业农村部始终致力于农技推广工作，其在提高农业产出和农民收入方面的成果显著。
导致农业农村部成功的关键因素之一，便是实行了“农技推广国务院特贴业绩成果”项目。
该项目不仅认可了农业推广工作人员的成就，也激励了他们继续努力推广农业技术。
English:The "Special Allowance for Outstanding Contributions in Agricultural Technology Extension" program has played a crucial role in identifying and rewarding the exceptional performance of agricultural Extension workers.These individuals have dedicated their lives to improvingagricultural practices and increasing yields, and they deserve recognition for their hard work and achievements.The program has also provided a strong incentive for agricultural Extension workers to continue their efforts in promoting agricultural technology and ensuring food security.中文：“农技推广国务院特贴业绩成果”项目在识别并奖励农业推广工作人员的杰出表现方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
农技推广技术指导方案
农技推广技术指导方案英文回答：Agricultural Extension Technical Guidance Program.1. Introduction.Agricultural extension plays a vital role in the development of the agricultural sector. It provides farmers with the knowledge and skills they need to improve their productivity and profitability. This program provides a framework for agricultural extension services in the area, outlining the goals, objectives, and activities of the program.2. Goals and Objectives.The goals of this program are to:Improve the productivity and profitability of farmers.Promote the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.Strengthen the capacity of farmers to access and use agricultural information and services.The objectives of this program are to:Provide farmers with technical guidance on crop production, livestock management, and marketing.Train farmers on the use of new technologies and practices.Facilitate the exchange of information between farmers and researchers.Strengthen the capacity of local agricultural extension services.3. Activities.The activities of this program will include:Field visits to farms.Farmer training workshops.Demonstration plots.Publications and other educational materials.Support for farmer cooperatives and associations.4. Monitoring and Evaluation.The program will be monitored and evaluated on a regular basis to assess its progress and impact. The following indicators will be used to measure the success of the program:Number of farmers reached.Increase in farmer productivity.Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.Strengthening of the capacity of farmer organizations.5. Budget.The budget for this program is $100,000. The funds will be used to cover the costs of staff salaries, travel, training, and other program activities.6. Timeline.The program will be implemented over a period of three years.中文回答：农技推广技术指导方案。
department of agriculture email united states
department of agriculture email united states Subject: Inquiry Regarding Agriculture MattersDear Department of Agriculture,I am writing to inquire about various matters pertaining to agriculture in the United States. As an individual with a keen interest in the agricultural sector, I would greatly appreciate any information you can provide me with.Firstly, I am curious to know about the major crops and livestock sectors in the United States. Could you please share the primary crops grown and traded within the country? Additionally, any information regarding the popular livestock raised, such as cattle, pigs, or poultry, would be highly appreciated.Furthermore, I am interested in understanding the role of the Department of Agriculture in promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Could you please outline the department's initiatives aimed at environmentally friendly farming methods and the conservation of natural resources? I am particularly interested in knowing how you encourage farmers to adopt organic farming techniques and reduce their reliance on harmful chemicals and fertilizers.Given the importance of agriculture in rural communities, it would be valuable to learn about the Department of Agriculture's efforts to support farmers and rural development. Could you kindly provide information about the department's programs or grants that assist farmers in expanding their operations, improvinginfrastructure, or accessing financial resources?Moreover, I am curious to know about the Department of Agriculture's role in ensuring food safety for consumers. Can you shed light on the department's regulations and inspections that are implemented to maintain high food safety standards? Additionally, it would be helpful to understand the procedures in place to deal with any food-related emergencies or outbreaks.Another aspect I would like to inquire about is the Department of Agriculture's involvement in international trade. How does the department promote agricultural exports and handle import regulations for agricultural products entering the United States? Any information regarding trade agreements or tariffs affecting agricultural trade would be of great interest.Finally, I am curious to learn about any ongoing research or technological advancements in the agricultural sector that the Department of Agriculture is supporting or monitoring. It would be fascinating to know about any innovative practices or technologies being developed to enhance the efficiency and productivity of farming in the United States.I understand that you receive numerous inquiries and may not be able to address every question in detail. However, any information or resources you can provide regarding these topics would be greatly appreciated. Please feel free to respond via email or provide relevant documents that may further assist in my understanding of the Department of Agriculture's role and activities.Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. I eagerly await your response.Sincerely,[Your Name]。
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农业推广硕士英语翻译 YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】1、A Story About Stress巴里在出门的路上，对着他的孩子们的玩具，对着他的妻子大喊大叫，在上班的路上，他坐在交通堵塞的路上。
当他到达办公室时，肌肉紧张，他盯着电脑，准备回答迄今为止的42封电子邮件.此外，还有一大堆工作要做;这就意味着，他将不得不跳过午餐和晚餐——再一次，喝无数杯咖啡。
当他12个小时的工作日结束后，他开车上下班，并在路上捡起一些垃圾食品。
现在是晚上11点。
他想念他的妻子和年幼的孩子们，因为他们已经在床上躺了好几个小时了。
精疲力竭的他上床睡觉，睡得不规律，整夜都在咬牙切齿。
早晨来得太快了，他醒了过来，从头再来。
他的眼睛没有放松，没有时间去看孩子，他的妻子也开始像他想象中的样子。
难怪现在北美的离婚率高达62%。
这听起来很有戏剧性，但对我们很多人来说，它已经成为我们的生活。
无论我们是农民、渔夫还是银行家，我们都有压力，疲惫不堪，不堪重负;而压力正在扼杀我们。
最近的一项调查显示，51%的人口每周工作40-60小时;12%的人每周工作超过60小时。
最近有一种过度工作的流行，我们为此付出了代价。
压力是一种“损耗”疾病。
某些疾病增加了——男性的前列腺癌、女性的乳腺癌、II型糖尿病等等。
这些症状没有那么显着，但更常见的症状是失眠、头痛、下腰痛和消化系统紊乱。
你知道心脏病是加拿大男人和女人的头号杀手吗?每年治疗心脏病的费用约为180亿美元。
儿童肥胖一直处于高水平，加拿大卫生部报告说，5岁到7岁的加拿大人中有一半的人不够活跃，无法获得最佳的生长和发育。
这也适用于家庭的其他成员;总的来说，加拿大人没有足够的体力活动来保持他们精神上的警觉，从而避免身体和精神上的紊乱。
户外运动也能刺激心理健康，因为它能激发好奇心、解决问题和创造性思维。
“当你在户外的时候，也会有一些能让你精神上的东西，”多伦多大学的病人教育主管迈克尔埃文斯博士说，他每天都要骑车上班。
他说:“散步、滑雪和其他户外运动在治疗中度抑郁方面和抗抑郁药物一样好。
”那么，我们需要多少证据来证明我们许多人正在做的事情已经不再奏效了?我们不是超人，也不是超人，我们不能只是把一个新电池装进去，然后继续“前进和前进”。
我们的生活不是真人秀。
“我们的生活是一种烈士的生活方式。
现在是时候重新评估我们的位置和我们需要的地方了，”Lynda Miller说，他是力量或选择的合着者，在工作场所管理压力。
“当我和我的同事们在进行压力管理培训时，我们实际上可以看到并感受到你们大多数人所经历的高压力水平。
这也是我们把公司称为“过载企业”的原因之一。
”在这个过程中，我们似乎失去了平衡、常识和耐心。
我们将成为一个“自私的社会”;失去了一些我们的社交礼仪;道德和道德价值观正在被侵蚀。
在如今的全球联系和日益增长的生活节奏中，我们都觉得我们有太多的事情要做，而且从来没有时间去做。
还记得周末吗?周末的发明是有原因的——它们是一周的结束。
是时候睡觉了，时间和家人和朋友在一起，反思和休息。
请不要在星期六晚上11点或星期天凌晨4点给我发电子邮件。
这是我的个人和家庭时间。
人类不是机器人，我们不是一天24小时工作我们生活在快速的时代，科技对我们的职业和个人生活有很大的影响。
我们有电子邮件、寻呼机、手机、黑莓手机和i-豆荚，但无论我们工作多快，我们似乎都没有被抓住。
当目标在眼前时，他们会移动它。
科技、经济、商业和政府正在对我们的生活产生更大的影响。
没有什么是不变的了。
我们已经失去了我们的“安全毯”和“安全网”。
“我们已经失去了我们的“时间”和“思考时间”，我们中的一些人正在失去我们的希望。
我们的身体、思想和精神需要食物、睡眠和锻炼。
你知道睡眠不足是导致疾病的主要原因之一吗?每个人都有身体、社会、情感和精神上的需要，只有一些可以在工作中得到满足。
当你忙的时候，你不能收回时间。
生活不应该被认为是理所当然的;如果你这样做，你将付出高昂的代价——你的健康，甚至你的生命！”我们会“更聪明”而不是“更努力”吗当我们处于高峰时，我们会考虑新的流程，更多的设备和雇佣员工吗我们将关注“质量”而不仅仅是“数量”。
我们是否还记得$$并不一定是成功的我们是否会交流，而不仅仅是提供信息我们会允许工作场所的所有人都有所不同;学习和成长;创新;创建更好的流程;为比自己更大的东西做出贡献我们会培养头脑风暴和最佳实践吗我们会使用礼貌和礼貌吗我们会使用经验、直觉和常识吗我们是否会记得在路上有一些乐趣，并让它变得更好我们是否会记得花更多的时间和家人和朋友在一起我们都是互相联系的。
如果我们都尽力了，我们都会为一个更快乐、更健康的世界做出贡献。
我们工作是为了生活，而不是为了工作。
生活不是一场彩排。
2我的女儿Allie将在一周内离开大学。
她的房间里堆满了装满毛毯、毛巾、牛仔裤和套衫的购物袋。
她不会说要去。
我说，“我会想你的，”但她给了我一个她的容貌，离开了房间。
还有一次，我用一种非常友好的语气对我说:“你觉得你会带着你的海报和照片吗还是你会在大学里得到新的”她回答道，她的声音充满了烦恼，“我该怎么知道呢?”“我的女儿大部分时间都和朋友在一起。
”昨天是她和她的朋友Katharine在一起的最后一天，她从幼儿园开始就认识了。
很快，这将是她与莎拉、克莱尔、希瑟的最后一天。
这将是她和我的最后一天。
我的朋友凯伦告诉我:“我上大学的前一个月，我整整一个月都在对我妈妈大喊大叫。
做好准备。
”我站在厨房里，看着Allie做一杯冰茶。
她的脸，曾经如此开放和信任，对我来说是封闭的。
我挣扎着想要对她说些什么，有什么有意义的和温暖的。
我想让她知道，我对她所选择的大学感到很兴奋，我知道她的生活才刚刚开始，我为她感到骄傲。
但她脸上的表情是如此的愤怒，我想如果我张开嘴，她可能会塞我。
在我们之间的一段漫长的沉默之后的一个晚上，我问我该做些什么，或者说什么让她对我生气。
她叹了口气，说:“妈妈，你什么都没做。
它很好。
“它是很遥远的。
”在过去，我们总能找到一些联系方式。
当Allie还是一个蹒跚学步的孩子时，我下班后会去日托中心。
我找到了一个安静的地方，她会把我们的眼睛锁在一起，重新连接在一起。
在她十几岁的时候，当其他的母亲已经和她们的青春期女儿有了隔阂时，我找到了一个解决办法:拯救突袭。
我偶尔会在学校里出现，在课堂上给她签名，带她去吃午饭，去看电影，在沙滩上漫步一段时间。
这听起来可能是不负责任的，但当其他母亲和女儿们在苦苦挣扎的时候，却让我们很亲密。
我们在那些户外活动中谈论了所有的事情，我们对家人和朋友保密。
当她开始上中学的时候，我早上会和她在一起，为她做午餐三明治，然后在6:40巴士到来之前，我们一起喝杯茶。
在她最后的一年里，我在夜里进了她的房间，在她睡觉之前，她的房间里有灯光。
我坐在她的床边，她会告诉我一些问题:一个老师因为她太害羞而不敢在课堂上讲话，一个取笑她的男孩，一个开始吸烟的朋友。
她的声音，从黑暗中走出来，年轻而又有疑问。
几天后，我在电话里听到了她的声音，重复了一些我说过的话，她为自己所采用的东西。
但是现在我们有两种不同的部分。
我想要一个浪漫化的版本，我们一起去吃午餐，然后在桌子对面的桌子上说，我们会多么想念对方。
我想要的是微笑的泪水、苦乐参半的回忆和提供最后一点智慧的机会。
但当她准备离开时，Allie的感觉已经转入地下了。
当我伸手去摸她的手臂时，她拉开了。
她拒绝了我所有的邀请。
她躺在床上，读着艾米丽迪金森，直到我说我一直爱着艾米莉狄金森，然后她合上书。
有人说，你和我们孩子的关系越紧密，她就越需要打破，在这个世界上建立自己的身份。
他们说，这将会造成更大的伤害。
我的一个朋友和她的女儿度过了一段艰难的时光，但现在又和她亲近了，她告诉我，“你的女儿会回到你身边。
”“我不知道，”我说。
我有时会觉得很生气，我想要去和Allie握手。
我想说，“跟我说话，否则你就被搁浅了！”我觉得自己想说最可怕的所有母亲的话:“想想我为你做过的一切。
”一天深夜，当我准备上床睡觉的时候，她来到洗手间的门口，看着我刷牙。
有那么一会儿，我想我一定是在用她不赞成的方式刷牙。
然后她说，“我想给你读点东西。
这是她大学的一本小册子。
“这些都是父母的建议。
”当她大声朗读时，我看着她的脸:“不要问你的孩子是否想家，”她说。
“前几周她可能感觉很糟糕，但不要让它让你担心。
”这是一个很自然的过渡时期。
写她的信，给她打个电话。
寄一份糖果。
”她的声音打破了，她走过来，把头埋在我的肩膀里。
我轻轻地抚摸她的头发，如果我说一句话，她就会感到害怕。
我们一起站在一起，长时间地摇晃着。
重新连接。
我知道这将会很艰难。
很可能会有一场关于某件事的争吵。
但我很感激能在午夜站在这里，两个人都感到疲倦和悲伤，牙膏涂抹在我的下巴上，紧紧地握在一起，同时也让我的女儿想要告别。
3你可以在一家金融机构买到你的钱树，你可以把它放在一个阳光普照的大厅里，或者你可以把它放在后院，就像空间和景观规划所允许的那样。
钱树是一件复杂而可爱的事情。
这棵摇钱树将会是基因工程的产物。
它会根据精确的化学编码指令来结出果实。
这些指令来自于一个被埋在根系统中的密封的植物食品盒。
这个盒子与你的银行有一个网络连接，它可以通过将钱从你的账户转移到食物箱来为你的请求提供资金。
盒子里的逻辑芯片会将美元的数量转化为植物-食物的剂量，从而刺激树木产生与所投资的钱成比例的水果比例。
一旦收获，这些果实就可以被带到附近的基因分析机器上(在银行大堂，超市的生产区等)，它会把它磨碎，分析它，最后把它转化成现金。
无籽和难以克隆的水果，也可以直接提供给他人以换取商品和服务。
它将是对所有债务、公共和私人债务的法定货币。
那将是钱，而且会在树上生长。
钱树也是一种投资，可以计算出食物的剂量，这样在成熟的时候，水果的价值就会超过每年早些时候被转移到树上的数量，也许是每年8%。
一般来说，杂草，虫子，鸟类，恶劣的天气。
或者可能会将回报率限制在4%或5%。
而且，你可能想要购买银行的保险以防小偷，这样会进一步降低你的收益。
因此，作为一项投资，这棵摇钱树就不是什么大财富了。
然而，作为一种地位的象征，它会发光。
它的果实有一种独特的外观——我想象一种光滑、有光泽的皮肤，颜色是深绿和黄色，不同的形状取决于它的价值。
就没有把100美元克树从1美元o-a-gram表哥,当然就像后者一样美丽的10倍。
这样，树就会立刻显示出主人的财富，但更重要的是，它将显示出与财富的一种时尚的有机关系。
在这个时代，人们已经厌倦了各种各样的速度和银行卡，钱树象征着耐心投资于具体的、人类的价值。
它将与通常意义上的金钱在树上生长的含义相矛盾，这表明金钱并不是很容易的，它的生长需要培育，日常护理，和彻底地根植于泥土之中。