英汉介词比较与翻译 练习
英汉对比研究练习题
1.小妹心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为实在看不顺眼。
2.打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。
3.不到黄河心不死。
4.虽然一部分是真的，但不见得全部都如此。
5.万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。
6.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
7.她说话时，泪水长流。
8.他还没有交赎金ransom，我们就把他放了。
1、他拉过一把椅子放在客人的后面。
2、第二天早上，他到镇上借钱买茶叶。
3、他解开大襟上的纽扣，又抓着衣角扇了几下，站起来回家去。
4、她抱住女儿的头痛哭着。
5、她腋下夹着几本书回来了。
6、我要带着孩子到街上走走。
7、暑假里他乘火车到西安去参观。
8、他打发儿子到城里去买些酒来。
1.Xiaomei’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friend’s callous behavior.2.If you get beyond your depth , you’ll suffer.3.Until all is over , ambition never dies.4.While this is true of some , it is not true of all.5.Should there be an urgent situation, press the red button to switch off the electricity.6.Because he was convinced of the accuracy of the fact, he stuck to his opinion.7.While she spoke , the tears were running down.8.They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.1. He drew up a chair and put it behind the guest.2. The next morning he went into town to borrow money for buy ing tea.3. He unfastened his jacket and swung its opened edges back and forth a few minutes to fan himself.4. Then he stood up and started for home.5. Hugging her daughter, she broke down completely.6. He came back home with some books under his arm.7. I’ll take my child to the street for a walk.8. He went to Xi’an for a visit during the summer vocation. 9. He sent his son to town to buy some wine.。
英汉翻译技巧4
At, by, in, for, of, on, to, from, and with are most frequently used by 92% among all other prepositions.
1.
我非常了解他,因为我们在同一个办公室 工作.
I know him quite well, for we are in the same office.
He is not in BJ at present, and he has gone the Shanghai on business.
我们现在是同舟共济，所以要相互支持，相互 依赖。
We are in the same boat now. So we have to support and depend on each other.
A Poem
four ducks
四鸭戏水
four ducks on a pond , 四鸭池中戏，
a grass-bank beyond,
晓岸着绿衣。
a blue sky of spring,
碧空春暖意，
white clouds on the wing, 展翼白云低。
what a little thing, to remember for years...
他始终低着头一言不发
He remained silent with his head down all the time. 他紧握拳头,怒视着我.
He stared at me with his fist clenched. 不要开窗睡觉,否则你会感冒.
Don’t go to bed with the windows open otherwise you’ll catch a cold.
英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2
英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2英语语言对比练习分析句子内部结构和关系，翻译时注意母语的迁移现象：1. 人到齐就开会。
2.不要人云亦云。
3. 帐单撕碎了。
4. 问题解决了。
5.你再说一个字，我马上走6. 你死了，我去当和尚。
7. 人在阵地在。
8. 人无远虑，必有近忧。
9. 病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。
10. 我来他已去。
11. 他人老心不老。
12. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.13. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer.14. But his attack was always repulsed击退by a kick or blow from a stick.15. Kino hurrying towards to his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.分析观察汉语的句式并翻译：1. 他决定去拉车，/就拉车去了。
/赁了辆破车，/他先练练腿。
/第一天没拉着什么钱。
/第二天的生意不错，/可是躺了两天，/他的脚脖子肿得像两条瓠子似的，/再也抬不起来。
2. 原来这婆娘自从药死武大，/哪那里肯带孝，/每日只是浓妆艳抹，/和西门庆作一处取乐。
/听得武松叫声“武二归来了”，/慌忙去面盆里洗落了脂粉，/剥去了首饰钗环，/蓬松挽了个髻，/脱去了红裙绣袄，/旋穿上孝群孝衫，/便从楼上哽哽咽咽假哭下来。
//3. 武松沉吟了半晌，/便出门去，/径投县里来；/开了锁，/去房里换了一身素净衣服，/便叫士兵打了一条麻绦，/系在腰里；/身边藏了一把尖长柄短背厚刃薄的解腕刀，/取了些银两带在身边。
翻译时注意英汉两种语言之间修饰语的差异：姑娘北京姑娘漂亮的北京姑娘年轻漂亮的北京姑娘身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘翻译下面句子，注意英汉两种语言形合与意合的差异：5.All was cleared up some time later when news came froma distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.6.When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.7. It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would close their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.8. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.9. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.10. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.11. The present onslaught猛攻/猛击of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.12.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.13.They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱/瑕疵that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.14. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly可怕whimsical荒谬than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, cl ose at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?15. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.1.说是说了，没有结果。
英汉句式对比与翻译
of the total population of the earth, China plays in world
affairs a role that can only grow more important in the
years ahead.
-- Jimmy Carter
Trunk line: S + V + (O) Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes
• 这样的英语句子，结构显得过于松散了，变成汉式英语而非典型地道的英语句子了。
为什么会这样呢？
• 英汉句子的差异：形合与意合 • 这种差异在翻译中给译者带来一定的障碍。将一个重形合的
语篇译成重意合的语篇，最常见的错误就是将形合的特点迁 移（transfer）到重意合的语言中。 • 翻译中译者面临的困难很多，但句型结构的迁移是最大的障 碍。现在不少译者的译文充斥着英语的句法结构，甚至还美 其名曰“忠实于原文”，这种观念实在有害。
• 英语的结构性就很明显，如：
• It is a curious fact, of which I can think of no satisfactory
explanation, that enthusiasm for country life and love of
• Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉对比总题库
英汉对比一、填空题（10/5）1、下列诗句中填空处是那种花？深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种( )；黄鹤楼中吹玉笛，江城五月落（）。
荷花；梅花2、我国十大名花:梅花、牡丹、菊花、（）、月季花、（）、山茶、荷花、水仙、桂花。
兰花；杜鹃3、加拿大的枫糖节英文翻译：( )Maple Sugar Festival4、在圣经中苹果象征（）和（）。
诱惑；原罪5、我国的国花：（）并写出相关花的诗句（）梅花；宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来二、英汉短语互译（20/5）有关动物的习语1、a cock-and-bull story( )形容荒诞的故事2、horse sense( )常识3、horse apple( )废话4、a snake in one’s bosom( )恩将仇报的人5、as blind as a bat( )有眼无珠委婉语屠户( )meat technologist贫民区（）substandard housing窃听（）intelligence gathering暗杀（）liquidation穷人（）the underprivileged三、英汉互译句子（40/8）(用名词代替动词)1、我认识的人中她最会记仇了。
She is the best hater I’ve ever known.2、他能吃能睡。
He is a good eater and a good sleeper.（当不便使用被动式时，汉语中可采用某些转化式来表达被动意义）3、These questions should not be confused.不要把这些问题混在一起。
4、She is intoxicated by sweet words.她被花言巧语所陶醉。
（当然被动句）5、昨晚我盖了两条被子。
Last night I was covered up with two quilts.6、Two persons rode one horse.一匹马骑两个人。
从英汉语言对比的角度看英语介词的用法及其翻译
从英汉语言对比的角度看英语介词的用法及其翻译作者：金捷来源：《考试周刊》2012年第46期摘要：无论在汉语里还是在英语里，介词都是一类带有功能性的虚词，把句子的各个成分粘着在一起。
同时，英汉介词亦存在着差异。
本文在对比英语介词和汉语介词异同的基础上，论述英语介词的用法及其翻译，旨在对英语学习者有所启示。
关键词：英汉语言对比英语介词用法翻译一、英语介词和汉语介词的构成1.根据结构区分英汉介词。
英语介词大致可以分为四类：（1）简单介词。
at，during。
（2）合成介词：alongside，throughout等。
（3）带-ing词尾的介词。
including，concerning等。
（4）成语介词。
instead of，regardless of等。
而汉语介词的分类较英语介词简单，只分为单音节介词，如：在、往；双音节介词，如：关于、根据。
2.根据语义区分英汉介词。
英语介词按其语义又可分为三类。
（1）表示时间。
如，at（4 o’clock），in（spring）。
（2）表示地点。
如：behind（the village），between（the park and the river）。
（3）表示其他的短语。
如：让步despite（the bad weather），原因due to（the snow），目的for（her），条件without（the support），关于regarding（your future）等。
根据语义，汉语介词可以分为：表示处所地点和时间的介词，如：在、从、朝等。
表示对象的介词，如：对于、关于、跟。
表示凭借的介词，如：根据、凭借。
表示比较的介词，如：比、较之。
表示目的、原因和结果的介词，如：由于、为了、因、通过等。
二、英汉介词的句法功能1.英汉介词在句子中充当的成分。
在英语句子中，介词主要可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。
如下例子：Between seven and nine will suit me.（主语）/What’s the advantage of cleaning the bedroom?（定语）/I regard him as my sister.（宾语）。
英汉变异修辞比较与翻译
英汉变异修辞比较与翻译
英汉变异修辞比较是指英汉两种语言之间由于语言结构、文化背景等的不同而导致的修辞手法表达上的差异。
以下是一些常见的英汉变异修辞比较及翻译：
1.比喻
英文中，比喻多使用“like”、“as”等介词，而中文中则使用“像”、“如同”等词语。
比如：
•英文：She was as quick as a fox.（她像狐狸一样灵敏。
）
•中文：她像狐狸一样灵敏。
1.拟人
英文中，拟人化语言的使用更加自由，比如将物品、动物等赋予人类的特征。
中文中则相对较少使用，但也有类似表达。
比如：•英文：The flowers danced in the
breeze.（花儿在微风中起舞。
）
•中文：微风中，花儿舞动着身姿。
1.反语
英文中，反语的使用较为普遍，强调语气的变化来达到反语的效果。
中文中也有反语的使用，但是表现形式不同。
比如：•英文：I’m not the kind of person who gives up
easily.（我不是那种容易放弃的人。
）
•中文：我可不是那种容易放弃的人。
1.借代
英文中，常常使用借代，将事物代替人物进行描述。
中文中也有类似表达，但使用较少。
比如：
•英文：The sun smiled down on us.（阳光对我们微笑着。
）
•中文：太阳微笑着照耀着我们。
总之，英汉之间存在很多的变异修辞，不同语言之间的文化背景和语言结构的不同造就了不同的修辞表达。
翻译时，需要根据具体情境和表达方式来进行恰当的转化和表达。
英汉语言对比研究-词法对比翻译
三、汉英词汇视点差异
汉英两民族在思维上差异，表现在语言思维视点上也有 差异——从不同的思维视角来看待同一事物 。其具体差 异如下： 1.汉英修饰词的转换 A. 有时英语修饰词与汉语相反的情况： 抢险车 a breakdown lorry （不等于 a lorry that has broken down) 防暴警察 riot police (即 anti-riot police) 消防队 a fire brigade 打九折 a 10 percent discount 寒衣 warm clothes 候机室 the departure lounge
汉语词义的模糊性有其优点，有利于词汇的组合与 灵活运用，但在英译时，由于汉英在形象与喻义、所指 与内涵方面存在较大差异，稍不注意便可能导致语义不 准确。
1.形象与喻义 形象与喻义
如： (1).现在的问题时抓“落实”，以确保已出台的政 策措施全部到位。 从字面上看，英语的“抓”, “出台”, “到位”都不合此 上下文，这是汉语的形象表达，在译文中要用“使生 效”、“实行”和“执行”才能将英语实际意义表达出 来呢？ To ensure full implementation of the polices and measures already introduced, the question now is how to bring them into effect.
自学 teacher himself (a self-taught student)
E. 观察事物的角度或联想意义不一样 close the door behind you.——着眼于人所在的位置 随手关门——着眼于手 lie on one ‘ s back ; lie on one ’ a stomach －一以后背为准; 仰卧；伏卧一一以面向为准 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit ; 蠢得像猪 a s stupid as a goose 雨后春笋 be like bamboo shoots after a spring rain F.词语的排列顺序不同 前后back and forth 新旧old and new 冷热hot and cold
英汉语言对比练习答案2
1．翻译下列句子，注意调整语序1）A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. （按照逻辑顺序译）【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品，体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格，又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言，他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2）He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.（按照信息中心译）【译文】他感到一阵心酸，与其说是预见了她的凄凉，倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3）Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. （按照搭配需要译）【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上，中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济，要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求，适应供求关系的变化。
英汉介词对比研究及其翻译策略
英汉介词对比研究及其翻译策略摘要：介词在语法里是用来表现一个字的文法功能的词汇或字缀。
英汉这两种语言都有介词这一词类，亦称前置词，都属于虚词，用在名词、代词、名词性词语之前，共同组成介词短语或；用在动词之后，表示词语之间在时间、方式、条件、对象等方面的诸多关系。
它们的主要功能都是表示句子中词与词之间或者成分与成分之间的关系。
但是英汉两种语言的介词从特性到用法都有一定的差异性，对于这些相似和差异的认识，有助于学生挖掘隐藏在句子表面后的深刻的语言哲学规律，也能为学生运用这些规律解决实践中汉英翻译问题打开思路。
关键词：介词用法对比差异翻译一、引言介词的数量并不多，但其用法十分灵活，与其他词的搭配能力极强，表达内容也极其广泛，在句中出现的频率很高，是很活泼的词类。
通过研究英汉介词的差异性和相似性，挖掘隐藏在句子表面后的深刻的语言哲学规律，能为我们运用这些规律解决实践中汉英翻译问题打开思路。
二、英汉介词语法功能比较英汉介词是虚词，一般都不重读，在句子中不能单独充当句子成分，只能和后面的词，代词或名词性短语构成句子成分。
但是，英语介词短语在句中所作的成分与汉语介词短语有所不同。
汉语介词短语主要作状语，有的可以做补语，还有的在介词短语后面可作定语，如：①他在图书馆借书。
（作状语，表空间）②她从早上一直工作到晚上。
（作状语，表时间）③我们的干部要对人民负责。
（作状语，表对象）④我们的工作方法是通过调查研究来解决问题。
（作状语，表方式方法）⑤全国人民的生活比过去更好了。
（作状语，表比较）⑥他作了一个关于科学家彭加木的报告。
（作定语）1.与汉语相同的是英语的介词短语也可作状语、定语和补足语：①albert has so much work to do that he’s staying late at the office.艾伯特工作很多，现在还在办公室加班。
（作地点状语）②his heart danced crazily for a moment，then became normal again.他的心剧烈地跳了一会，然后又恢复正常了。
英汉语言对比与翻译练习
英汉语言对比与翻译练习英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项：１．英汉语言句法／句式差别；２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律；Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。
3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag fo r transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been agarden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( T ess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraord inary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖，忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗，瞪着眼，准对伊冲过来，便十分害怕，不敢说完话，回身走了。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
英汉对比翻译练习
英汉对比翻译练习
19. 吃苦在前，享受在后。 20. 聪明一世，糊涂一时。 21. 有饭大家吃。 22. 不到黄河心不死。 23. 问遍千家成行家。 24. 不打不相识。 25. 敌进我退，敌驻我扰，敌疲我打， 敌退我追。
英汉对比翻译练习
19. Be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 20. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 21. Let everybody share the food if there is any. 22. Until all is over, ambition never dies. 23. Learn from numerous advisers, and you will be a master. 24. Out of blows friendship grows. / No discord, no concord. 25. The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.
英汉对比翻译练习
6. When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 7. To err is human, to forgive divine. 8. 天高云淡。 9. 请勿酒后驾车。 10. 烤羊肉 11. 两个乡干部 12. 鸡不吃了
英汉介词比较与翻译 练习
第四节英汉介词比较与翻译练习一）句子翻译：1. There weren’t beyond twenty people present.2. If it is beyond Jack, it is certainly beyond me.3. The country is far behind its neighbors.4. The painting is after the great master.5. It’s a pity to leave Beijing without a taste of Beijing roast duck. It’s a famous dish in Beijing with local flavor.6. These words are from the bottom of my heart.7. Some people are only after fame and position.8. Crows are among the smartest birds in the world with extra keen sight and hearing.9. His conduct is beyond reproach.10. When I was neither at the farm nor in school, I helped at construction sites by picking up wood and metal scraps.二）短文翻译：1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.It was a valley far removed from towns, and the road through it led to another village. The road was rough and there were no cars or buses to disturb the ancient quietness of this valley. There were bullock（小公牛）carts, but their movement was a part of the hills. There was a dry river bed that only flowed with water after heavy rains, and the color was a mixture of red, yellow and brown; and it, too, seemed to move with the hills. And the villagers who walked silently by were like the rocks.The day wore on and towards the end of the evening, as the sun was setting over the western hills, the silence came in from afar, over the hills, through the trees, covering the little bushes and the ancient banyan（菩提树；[林]印度榕树）. And as the stars became brilliant, so the silence grew into great intensity; you could hardly bear it.2. Translate the following passage into English.烦闷的时候不知什么原故这几年来写信给朋友，报告近况时，总有这样一句话：“我近来只是烦闷，烦闷恰似大毒蛇缠住我的灵魂。
语言对比与翻译(3)词汇比较
(4)英语中有些拟声词兼做及物或不及物动词，有些 声音带有动作，汉译时常需要把动作方式和动作 分别表达出来。 Eg： a1. He banged at the door. 他砰砰砰地敲门。 a2. Helen banged the door open and ran blindly out into the train. 海伦砰地一声把门踢开，没头没脑地冲进雨中。
2.纯拟声词
（1）拟声词多循着各自的音系系统去模仿，肯定都 “失真”，英汉语中真正相似的拟声词很少 （2）英语中的多半属于动词或名词，可做谓语、主 语或宾语。 （3）汉语中的多带形容词性质，可做定语、状语或 谓语。 （4）翻译时注意拟声词使用的描述对象。
拟声词的描述对象 例如：
狮吼 虎啸 狼嚎 to roar to growl to howl
（5）英语介词短语可以后置，修饰名词短语 a. There was a Hispanic girl in special education because she just never learned to read. 有个西班牙女孩，她从没学会阅读，正在接受特殊 教育。 b. If a protein appears or disappears completely, investigations can be focused on the protein in question. 如果一种蛋白质出现或完全消失了，研究工作就可 以集中在这个有问题的蛋白质上。
பைடு நூலகம்
英语介词的不同之处
（1）表达事物所处状态时，需介词引出 a. He soul was at peace. 他心里好受了。 b.Tracking a group of 49 dialysis patients, scientists found that they were mostly in good moods and just as happy as a healthy control group of 49. 通过对49名透析病人的跟踪调查，科学家发现这组 病人大都精神良好，幸福感和控制组的49名健康 人一样。
汉译英过程中介词误用辨析
汉译英过程中介词误用辨析1.中文：琼斯先生住在皇后街十号。
(误)Mr. Jones lives on 10 Queen Street.(正)Mr. Jones lives at 10 Queen Street.（at＋门牌号，on＋街道名称；两者同时出现以门牌号码为准。
）2.中文：他喜欢在太阳下坐着。
(误)He likes to sit under the sun.(正)He likes to sit in the sun.（在太阳下用介词in。
）3.中文：面包是由麦子制成的。
(误)Bread is made of wheat.(正)Bread is made from wheat.（由...制成，of用于成品保持原有性质；from用于成品不再保持原有性质。
）4.中文：每个人都知道他。
(误)He is known by everyone.(正)He is known to everyone.（be known to是习惯用法，表示为...所熟知。
）5.中文：我们有麻烦。
(误)We are with trouble.(正)We are in trouble.（有麻烦用in trouble。
）6.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。
(误)He will go to America in July 5.(正)He will go to America on July 5.（on与某一天连用。
）7.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。
(误)He left home in the morning of 11th.(正)He left home on the morning of 11th.（morning和某日连用时用on。
）8.中文：他将于七月五日去美国。
(误)He was angry with what I said.(正)He was angry at what I said.（表示因某事生气介词用at 或about，对某人生气用with。
英汉对比特征练习题答案版
Reference Answers for Comparative Study between English and ChineseDo the following translations between English and Chinese.一、Synthetic vs. Analytic1 Translate the Chinese sentence into different English versions in the way of blank-filling.Pay attention to the shifts in the word classes of certain words.他行动之快令人惊讶。
He moved astonishingly fast.He moved with astonishing_rapidity_______.His movements were astonishinglyrapid.His movements __astonishedus by their rapidity.2 She was with a child. ______她身边带着一个孩子。
3 They are students of our school.__他们是本校的（一些）学生。
They are the students of our school.他们是本校的全体学生。
二、Compact vs. Diffusive4这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑。
She is a pretty girl, with an oval face and deep dark eyes.5累得我站不起来了。
It is drizzling at the moment.6他有个女儿，在北京工作，就已经打电话去了，听说明天就能回来。
三、Hypotactic vs. Paratactic7 when I try to understand what it is that prevents so manyAmericans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to methat there are quite a few causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other._____为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。
英汉对比考试题库及答案
英汉对比考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 英语中，表示“和”的词是：A. AndB. OrC. ButD. So答案：A2. 汉语中，表示“但是”的词是：A. 但是B. 并且C. 然而D. 所以答案：A3. 在英语中，以下哪个词组表示“无论如何”？A. In any caseB. In any wayC. In any placeD. In any time答案：A4. 在汉语中，“无论如何”可以翻译为：A. 无论如何B. 无论如何都要C. 无论如何都不要D. 无论何时答案：A5. 英语中，表示“因为”的词是：A. BecauseB. SinceC. AlthoughD. If答案：A6. 汉语中，表示“因为”的词是：A. 因为B. 所以C. 尽管D. 然而答案：A二、填空题1. 英语句子 "I love you" 在汉语中可以翻译为 "________"。
答案：我爱你2. 汉语句子“他很聪明” 在英语中可以翻译为 "He is very________."。
答案：smart3. 英语中的 "Good morning" 在汉语中可以翻译为“________”。
答案：早上好4. 汉语中的“晚安” 在英语中可以翻译为 "________"。
答案：Good night三、翻译题1. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "I have a dream."答案：我有一个梦想。
2. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- “她正在学习英语。
”答案：She is studying English.四、简答题1. 请简述英语和汉语在语法结构上的一个主要差异。
答案：英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异之一是英语强调词序和形态变化，而汉语则依赖于语序和语境来表达语法关系。
2. 请解释英语中的“虚拟语气”是什么，并给出一个例句。
英汉介词对比
结构
介词属于虚词（功能词）的一类，一般不能单独 充当句子成份，而是用于名、代及名词性词组 的前面，同它合起来组成介宾结构。
功能
介词是表示其宾语与其他句子成分关系的词：如时
间、空间、逻辑关系。
He will arrive before 8 o’clock. The book is on the table. He came to school by bus.
供应品已用完了
火已熄灭了
把比赛进行到底。
全力参加蓝球队；
力争胜利
窄领带已过时了
以介词for为例
（1）What did you have for breakfast?
（2）I bought this dictionary for five dollars.
（3）I am all for it. （4） He took a plane for Hong Kong. （5） For all your explanations，I understand no better than before.
使用频率
介词在组词成句、组句成篇时起着粘连与结合
的作用，据统计英语介词共有286个，但用得最
多的包括“at, by, for, from, in, of, on,to 和with。
据说这9个介词的使用占所有介词的92%。有人
的统计结果还显示100个连贯的句子中竟能多至 300个介词。 总的说来，汉语介词数量远不及英语介词多。
你把门。 Verb. 你把门关上。Proposition Proposition 他比以前胖了。 我们应该比贡献。Verb.
英汉语介词的差别---1）介词的来源
英语中虽然也有些词兼具动词和介词的属性，但
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第四节英汉介词比较与翻译练习
一）句子翻译：
1. There weren’t beyond twenty people present.
2. If it is beyond Jack, it is certainly beyond me.
3. The country is far behind its neighbors.
4. The painting is after the great master.
5. It’s a pity to leave Beijing without a taste of Beijing roast duck. It’s a famous dish in Beijing with local flavor.
6. These words are from the bottom of my heart.
7. Some people are only after fame and position.
8. Crows are among the smartest birds in the world with extra keen sight and hearing.
9. His conduct is beyond reproach.
10. When I was neither at the farm nor in school, I helped at construction sites by picking up wood and metal scraps.
二）短文翻译：
1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
It was a valley far removed from towns, and the road through it led to another village. The road was rough and there were no cars or buses to disturb the ancient quietness of this valley. There were bullock（小公牛）carts, but their movement was a part of the hills. There was a dry river bed that only flowed with water after heavy rains, and the color was a mixture of red, yellow and brown; and it, too, seemed to move with the hills. And the villagers who walked silently by were like the rocks.
The day wore on and towards the end of the evening, as the sun was setting over the western hills, the silence came in from afar, over the hills, through the trees, covering the little bushes and the ancient banyan（菩提树；[林]印度榕树）. And as the stars became brilliant, so the silence grew into great intensity; you could hardly bear it.
2. Translate the following passage into English.
烦闷的时候
不知什么原故这几年来写信给朋友，报告近况时，总有这样一句话：“我近来只是烦闷，烦闷恰似大毒蛇缠住我的灵魂。
”这句话的出典，好像是在鲁迅先生《呐喊》的序文里，我很爱引用。
因为我觉得烦闷是带着非常的魔性的，它来不知从何处来，缠住人之后，再也摆脱不了，正似印度森林里的被人视为神圣而又妖异的大毒蛇。
三）欣赏英语介词诗:
Poems (beginning with a preposition of each line)
1
In front of the china cabinet,
Between Momm and Tara,
Behind my breakfast plate
On my chair, I sit.
我坐在椅子上，
前有瓷器柜，
后面是早餐盘，
中间还有
妈咪和塔拉。
2
Across the street
In the mall
Within the shop
Down the aisles
Around the corner
Along the back wall
Before the clothes
Near the mirrors
Above the socks
Among the empty shelves Between two others
Sits the perfect pair of shoes --Dodie Mercer
Ridgway, Pennsylvania
3
On the board
In position
Among the pieces
With great pleasure
As I hit the clock
To my opponent
I said, "Checkmate!"
--Michael Mendonez
Piscataway, NJ。