医学英语试题(B)
医学英语试题及答案
医学英语试题及答案1. 请将下列医学术语翻译成英文：A. 心脏B. 肺C. 肝脏D. 肾脏答案：A. HeartB. LungsC. LiverD. Kidneys2. 以下哪个词组表示“高血压”？A. HypertensionB. HypotensionC. HyperglycemiaD. Hypoglycemia答案：A. Hypertension3. 翻译下列句子：“患者出现急性胸痛，伴有呼吸困难。
”答案："The patient presents with acute chest pain accompanied by difficulty breathing."4. 选择正确的医学术语填空：A. DiabetesB. HypertensionC. HypothyroidismD. Anemia他被诊断为一种慢性疾病，需要终身服用药物来控制血压。
答案：B. Hypertension5. 请解释“Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)”的含义。
答案：Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 是一种紧急医疗程序，用于在心脏骤停时恢复某人的呼吸和血液循环。
6. 将下列医学缩写翻译成完整的医学术语：A. MRIB. CTC. ECGD. MRI答案：A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Computed TomographyC. ElectrocardiogramD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (重复项，应替换为其他缩写)7. 阅读下列段落并回答问题：The patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. An emergency appendectomy was performed, and the patient is now recovering in the postoperative ward.问：患者接受了哪种紧急手术？答案：患者接受了紧急阑尾切除术。
医学英语试题及答案
医学英语试题及答案一、选择题1. What does the abbreviation “CBC” stand for?a. Complete Blood Countb. Coronary Bypass Catheterizationc. Computerized Body Checkupd. Computed Tomography Scan答案：a. Complete Blood Count2. Which of the following terms refers to a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver?a. Gastritisb. Hepatitisc. Dermatitisd. Arthritis答案：b. Hepatitis3. Which of the following statements about hypertension is true?a. It is a condition characterized by low blood pressure.b. It is a type of cancer that affects the lungs.c. It is a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.d. It is an infectious disease caused by a bacterial infection.答案：c. It is a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.4. What does the abbreviation “MRI” stand for?a. Medical Respiratory Infectionb. Magnetic Resonance Imagingc. Myocardial Infarctiond. Malignant Renal Impairment答案：b. Magnetic Resonance Imaging5. Which of the following organs is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood?a. Liverb. Kidneyc. Stomachd. Lungs答案：b. Kidney二、填空题1. The study of cells is known as ________.答案：Cytology2. The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is called ________.答案：Cardiology3. The largest organ in the human body is the ________.答案：Skin4. The condition characterized by the inability to see in dim light is called ________.答案：Night blindness5. The abbreviation COPD stands for ________.答案：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease三、简答题1. What is the function of red blood cells in the human body?答案：The function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for elimination.2. Define the term "antibiotic resistance."答案：Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria or other microorganisms to resist the effects of antibiotics, making them ineffective in treating infections caused by these resistant organisms.3. What are the symptoms of a heart attack?答案：The symptoms of a heart attack may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, neck, or back, nausea, lightheadedness, and cold sweats.4. Name three ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.答案：Three ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases are proper hand hygiene (such as washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer), covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and getting vaccinated.5. What are the four main types of tissue in the human body?答案：The four main types of tissue in the human body are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.四、解释题1. Explain the concept of "herd immunity."答案：Herd immunity refers to a situation where a large proportion of a population is immune to a particular infectious disease, either through vaccination or previous exposure to the disease. When a significant portion of the population is immune, it reduces the likelihood of the disease being transmitted to individuals who are not immune, thus providing indirect protection to the entire community.2. What is the difference between a virus and a bacteria?答案：The main difference between a virus and a bacteria is that viruses are considered non-living entities that require a host cell to replicate, whilebacteria are single-celled microorganisms capable of reproducing on their own. Additionally, bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, whereas viruses cannot.3. Describe the process of mitosis.答案：Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells and results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. The process involves several stages, including prophase (chromosomes condense and become visible), metaphase (chromosomes align in the middle of the cell), anaphase (chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles), and telophase (nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes, and the cell divides).4. What is the purpose of an ECG (electrocardiogram)?答案：An ECG is a medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and abnormalities in heart structure. The test records the electrical signals produced by the heart and displays them as a waveform on a graph, allowing healthcare professionals to evaluate the heart's rhythm and function.5. Define the term "acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)."答案：Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition characterized by inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and low blood oxygen levels. It is often caused by underlying conditions, such as pneumonia or sepsis, and can resultin respiratory failure. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as mechanical ventilation, and addressing the underlying cause.以上为医学英语试题及答案的内容。
高三英语医学用语单选题30题答案解析版
高三英语医学用语单选题30题答案解析版1.The patient has a high fever and a severe headache. What might be the possible cause?A.ColdB.FluC.AllergyD.Stress答案：B。
选项A“Cold”通常指普通感冒，症状可能有流鼻涕、轻微咳嗽等，但一般不会有高热和严重头痛。
选项B“Flu”即流感，常有高热、头痛、肌肉酸痛等症状，符合题目描述。
选项C“Allergy”过敏通常表现为皮疹、瘙痒、打喷嚏等，一般不会有高热和严重头痛。
选项D“Stress”压力可能导致焦虑、失眠等，但不会直接引起高热和严重头痛。
2.The doctor diagnosed the patient with a chronic disease. What does “chronic” mean?A.SeriousB.Long-termC.InfectiousD.Acute答案：B。
选项A“Serious”表示严重的。
选项B“Long-term”长期的，“chronic”就是指慢性的、长期的。
选项C“Infectious”有传染性的。
选项D“Acute”急性的。
3.The patient is suffering from a heart condition. Which of the following symptoms might they experience?A.DizzinessB.CoughC.FeverD.Nausea答案：A。
选项A“Dizziness”头晕，心脏有问题可能导致供血不足引起头晕。
选项B“Cough”咳嗽一般不是心脏问题的主要症状。
选项C“Fever”发热通常与感染等有关，不是心脏问题常见症状。
选项D“Nausea”恶心也不是心脏问题的典型症状。
4.The doctor prescribed some medicine for the patient. What does “prescribe” mean?A.BuyB.TakeC.RecommendD.Order答案：D。
医学英语水平考试真题及答案
1、Which of the following is the medical term for a sudden, severe increase in blood pressure?A、HypertensionB、HypotensionC、BradycardiaD、Tachycardia（答案：A）2、The study of the structure and function of the human body is known as?A、BiologyB、PhysiologyC、PathologyD、Anatomy（答案：D）3、Which of the following is a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies?A、NeutrophilsB、LymphocytesC、EosinophilsD、Basophils（答案：B）4、The process by which the body eliminates waste products and excess substances is called?A、DigestionB、ExcretionC、RespirationD、Circulation（答案：B）5、Which of the following is the medical term for the inflammation of the liver?A、HepatitisB、PneumoniaC、GastritisD、Arthritis（答案：A）6、The medical condition characterized by the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs is known as?A、Heart attackB、Heart failureC、ArrhythmiaD、Cardiac arrest（答案：B）7、Which of the following vitamins is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?A、Vitamin AB、Vitamin CC、Vitamin DD、Vitamin E（答案：C）8、The medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urinary system and male reproductive system is called?A、NeurologyB、CardiologyC、UrologyD、Dermatology（答案：C）。
2023年职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案完整版
心之所向，所向披靡职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中所有有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近选项。
1.I have been trying to quitsmoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shockedby what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.title4.This is not typicalof English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtuallyimpossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD pletely6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easyC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loadsyersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take '14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised第2部分：阅读鉴定(第16~22题，第题1分，共7分)下面短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子做出鉴定：假如该句提供是对的信息，请选择A;假如该句提供是错误信息，请选择B;假如该句信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
医学英语专业考试
1、Which of the following is a type of white blood cell primarily involved in the immune response against viral infections?A. ErythrocytesB. PlateletsC. LymphocytesD. Neutrophils(答案：C)2、The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted within the body is known as:A. PharmacodynamicsB. PharmacokineticsC. BioavailabilityD. Drug tolerance(答案：B)3、Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products to form urine?A. LiverB. KidneyC. LungD. Heart(答案：B)4、The study of the structure and function of cells is called:A. HistologyB. CytologyC. AnatomyD. Physiology(答案：B)5、Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels?A. InsulinB. ThyroxineC. AdrenalineD. Glucagon (Note: correct term is Glucagon-like peptide-1, but for simplicity, 'Glucagon' is used here)(答案：A)6、The medical term used to describe the inflammation of a joint is:A. ArthritisB. CarditisC. NephritisD. Dermatitis(答案：A)7、Which of the following imaging techniques uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal body structures?A. X-rayB. CT scanC. UltrasoundD. MRI(答案：C)8、The process of converting food into energy that the body can use is known as:A. DigestionB. MetabolismC. AbsorptionD. Assimilation(答案：B)9、Which vitamin is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and is primarily obtained from sunlight exposure?A. Vitamin AB. Vitamin CC. Vitamin DD. Vitamin K(答案：C)10、The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is called:A. NeurologyB. CardiologyC. DermatologyD. Gastroenterology(答案：B)。
外科学考试题B卷英文版带答案
(B)PartIDirection: In this part there are five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1. A 25 year old professional basket ball player lands on his right foot while it is in a pronated and externally rotated position. He hears a “snap” and is unable to weight bear on his right foot. An ankle X-ray reveals significant talar shift without a visible fibular fracture. The most appropriate next step is:a) Closed reduction of the ankle mortise followed by application of a castb) Bedrest for 4 weeks followed by intense physiotherapyc) X-ray the right knee to rule out a Maisonneuve fractured) Open reduction with internal fixation of the right anklee) Splint ankle and encourage weight bearing2. A 21 year old presents to your office after injuring her knee in a soccer game. She states that the knee clicks when she walks and has “locked” on several occasions.On exam there is an effusion and the knee is grossly stable. The most likely diagnosis is:a) Anterior cruciate ligament tearb) Meniscal tearc) Osteoarthritisd) Bursitise) Medial collateral ligament tear3. "Orthopedics" comes from the Greek words meaning what?a) Anatomy and Surgeryb) Bone and Jointc) Straight and Childd) Healing and Body4. tuberculosis of the spine first starts in ?a) vertebral bodyb) nucleolus pulposusc) annulus fibrosisd) paravertebral joints5.which of the following is the most common malignant lesion of the bone?a) Chondroblastomab) Fibrosarcomac) Ewing’s sarcomad) OsteosarcomaPart II1.What are the risks for esophageal cancer?2.What is Cushing's Syndrome?3.What are some advantages of canine rehab post-op?4.What are some challenges with minimally invasive surgery?5.What is Calot's triangle?答案PartI1.c2.b3.c4.a5.dPart II1. 1. Tobacco2. Alcohol3. GE reflux4. Barrett's esophagus5. Radiation2.Cushing's Syndrome is the state of hypercortisolism. Unfortunately, the term hasbeen used carelessly in the past which has led to confusion regarding theunderlying disease process. Primary Hypercortisolism (the real, "Cushing'ssyndrome", i.e. related to a primary disease within the adrenal gland), is seen with an adrenal tumor. Cushing's Disease is due to a central process (usually a pituitary tumor) which release an excess of ACTH and thus produces a Secondary Hypercortisolism.3.Increased range of motion; decreased adhesions, periarticular fibrosis,and joint pain; slows osteoarthritis; shortens recovery time.4.operations can last longer, more difficult for surgeon, may need moretraining, equipment failure.5.The hepatobiliary triangle (or cystohepatic triangle) is an anatomicspace bordered by the common hepatic duct medially, the cystic ductinferiorly and the superior border to the cystic artery.。
职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案（word版）（4）
职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案（word版）（4）第四部分：阅读理解短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School ofEducation ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by oneintelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31.What is the main idea of this passage ?A. The importance of intelligence .B. The development of intelligence tests .C. How to understand intelligence .D. How to become intelligent .答案：C32.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oraltests .答案：A33.Gardner believes that ________ .A. all children are alike .B. children have different intelligences .C. children should take one intelligence test .D. there is no general intelligence .答案：B34.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .A. test students’ IQs .B. train students who do poorly on tests .C. focus on finding the most intelligent students .D. promote development of all intelligences .答案：D45.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. biological foundation .B. musical foundation .C. intrapersonal foundation .D. linguistic foundation .答案：A第二篇The Worker's Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellersof labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.A. seldom obtained workers’opinionsB. were not qualifiedC. disliked “suggestion boxes”D. never consulted the labor force.答案：B37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.A. are no longer sellers of the productsB. are less affected by company decisions than before.C. are able to make final decisions for the company.D. should have a say in management of the company.答案：D38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. seniorB. ordinaryC. intelligentD. capable答案：B39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B. Workers did not make necessary concession.C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.答案：C40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits.C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.答案：A第三篇Obesity(肥胖) in the Western WorldObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference —— of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”Another expert Hermann T oplak said that the state healthservices should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”Ludvik said that p revention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与……相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.41.Which of the following is true about obesiA. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity.B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.C.20% of the people in the world are overweight.D.Obesity should be cured with new medication42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree?A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity.C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease.答案：D43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______.A. health insuranceB. preventive programsC. state health servicesD. obesity-related surgeries答案：B44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?A. DiabetesB. High blood pressureC. StomachacheD. Adipose tissue complaints答案：A45.”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people_____.A. reducing their weightB. eating fast foodC. getting obeseD. spending too much time in front of TV sets答案：C。
医学职称英语b考试题库及答案
医学职称英语b考试题库及答案医学职称英语B考试题库及答案一、选择题1. The most common cause of pneumonia in adults is:A. Streptococcus pneumoniaeB. Haemophilus influenzaeC. Mycoplasma pneumoniaeD. Legionella pneumophila答案：A2. Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease?A. HypertensionB. DiabetesC. SmokingD. Physical inactivity答案：D3. The primary treatment for type 2 diabetes is:A. Insulin therapyB. Oral hypoglycemic agentsC. Diet and exerciseD. Bariatric surgery答案：C二、填空题4. The _______ is a group of symptoms that occur when thebody is unable to produce enough insulin.答案：diabetes mellitus5. _______ is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.答案：rheumatoid arthritis6. _______ is a condition characterized by a persistent dry cough and shortness of breath.答案：asthma三、判断题7. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.答案：√8. Osteoporosis is a disease that affects only women.答案：×9. Regular physical activity can help prevent cardiovascular diseases.答案：√四、简答题10. What are the signs and symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction?答案：The signs and symptoms of an acute myocardialinfarction include severe chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating, and sometimes arm or jaw pain.11. Describe the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.答案：Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in little or no insulin production, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.12. What are the risk factors for stroke?答案：Risk factors for stroke include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and a history of transient ischemic attacks.。
20XX职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析2.doc
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析2 Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 'rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like troubleswallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.1. Paragraph I_____________ .2. Paragraph 2 _____________.3. Paragraph 3_____________ .4. Paragraph 4 _____________.A. Tips for Patients with the DiseaseB. Common Treatment for the DiseaseC. Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD. Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE. Possible Causes of the DiseaseF. Definition of Parkinson's Disease5. You'II find it hard to move the way you want to_____________ .6. A lot of research is being done to find ou_____________t .7. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor_____________.8. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.A. if there isn't enough dopamine m your bodyB. what affects muscles all through your bodyC. which cannot be cured yetD. if you have a fixed or blank expressionE. which may be the first symptom you noticeF. what causes Parkinson's disease参考答案及译文：帕金森氏综合征帕金森氏综合征会影响你行动的方式。
医学英语高考试卷及答案
Section 1: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Part A: Short Conversations (10 points)1. A. The doctor suggests taking a rest.2. B. The woman is scheduled for an operation.3. C. The man needs to change his medication.4. D. The woman is planning a vacation.5. A. The man's blood pressure is normal.6. B. The woman is feeling better.7. C. The doctor is running late.8. D. The patient is allergic to certain drugs.9. A. The patient needs to follow a special diet.10. B. The man is experiencing joint pain.Part B: Long Conversations (10 points)11. What is the main topic of the conversation?- Answer: The conversation is about the importance of regular check-ups for maintaining health.12. Why does the woman suggest visiting the doctor regularly?- Answer: The woman suggests visiting the doctor regularly because it helps in early detection and treatment of health issues.13. What are the three main reasons mentioned for regular health check-ups?- Answer: The three main reasons mentioned are early detection of diseases, prevention of health complications, and maintaining overall well-being.Part C: Passages (10 points)14. What is the main purpose of the passage?- Answer: The main purpose of the passage is to inform about the benefits of vaccines and the importance of vaccination.15. According to the passage, what are the two types of vaccines mentioned?- Answer: The two types of vaccines mentioned are live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines.16. Why are some people advised not to receive certain vaccines?- Answer: Some people are advised not to receive certain vaccines due to their weakened immune systems or allergic reactions.Section 2: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage 1: 10 pointsRead the passage and answer the questions that follow.The role of nutrition in maintaining good healthGood nutrition is essential for maintaining good health and preventing diseases. A balanced diet provides the body with the necessary nutrients to function properly. Here are some key nutrients and their functions:1. Proteins: Essential for the growth and repair of tissues.2. Carbohydrates: The body's main source of energy.3. Fats: Important for insulation and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.4. Vitamins: Needed in small amounts for various bodily functions.5. Minerals: Important for bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission.It is important to consume a variety of foods to ensure a balanced intake of these nutrients. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?- Answer: The main idea of the passage is the importance of good nutrition in maintaining health.2. According to the passage, what are the five key nutrients mentioned?- Answer: The five key nutrients mentioned are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.3. Why is it important to consume a variety of foods?- Answer: It is important to consume a variety of foods to ensure a balanced intake of all necessary nutrients.Passage 2: 10 pointsRead the passage and answer the questions that follow.The importance of physical activityRegular physical activity is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. Exercise has numerous benefits, including:1. Cardiovascular health: Regular exercise strengthens the heart and improves blood circulation.2. Weight management: Physical activity helps in burning calories and maintaining a healthy weight.3. Mental health: Exercise can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.4. Bone and muscle health: Weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones and muscles.5. Longevity: Regular exercise has been linked to a longer life expectancy.It is recommended that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensityaerobic exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?- Answer: The main topic of the passage is the importance ofphysical activity in maintaining health.2. According to the passage, what are the five benefits of regular exercise?- Answer: The five benefits of regular exercise mentioned are cardiovascular health, weight management, mental health, bone and muscle health, and longevity.3. How much physical activity is recommended for adults?- Answer: Adults are recommended to engage in at least 150 minutesof moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week.Section 3: Writing (20 points)Write a short essay (100-120 words) on the following topic:How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare systems worldwide?Answer:The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Firstly, it has led to increased demand for medical resources, including hospital beds, ventilators, and personal protective equipment. Secondly, healthcare workers have faced unprecedented challenges, including high levels of stress and burnout. Additionally, routine medical services have been disrupted, leading to delayed diagnoses and treatments for other conditions. Despite these challenges, the pandemic has also highlighted the importance of global collaboration and the need for robust healthcare infrastructure.。
20XX职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1.doc
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."The introduction of the NHS(国民保健制度)breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease."However, this is still too many women and incidence(发生率)of the disease is increasing year by year."The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖)and alcohol consumption.1. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：1.A[解析]在英国，2007年有11，990名女士死于乳腺癌。
医学英语能力考核试卷
( )
15. The lower part of the esophagus that opens into the stomach is known as the:
(A) Pylorus
(B) Duodenum
(C) Cardia
(D) Ileocecal valve
(D) Storage of nutrients
( )
14. Which of the following are types of mental disorders?
(A) Depression
(B) Anxiety
(C) Schizophrenia
(D) Diabetes
( )
15. The components of the central nervous system include:
( )
20. A condition characterized by painful and swollen joints is known as:
(A) Arthritis
(B) Rheumatism
(C) Gout
(D) Lupus
( )
二、多选题（本题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，至少有一项是符合题目要求的）
( )
17. Which of these is a common treatment for cancer?
(A) Chemotherapy
(B) Dialysis
(C) Radiotherapy
(D) All of the above
( )
18. The normal pH of the human blood is approximately:
英语医学考试题目及答案
英语医学考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common symptom of the common cold?A. FeverB. CoughC. Sore throatD. All of the above答案：D2. The primary function of the heart is to:A. Oxygenate the bloodB. Filter the bloodC. Circulate the blood throughout the bodyD. Store the blood答案：C3. What is the medical term for inflammation of the stomach lining?A. GastritisB. GastroenteritisC. ColitisD. Hepatitis答案：A4. The hormone responsible for the regulation of blood sugar levels is:A. InsulinB. ThyroxineC. CortisolD. Adrenaline答案：A5. Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. LymphomaD. Carcinoma答案：A6. The process of cell division is known as:A. MitosisB. MeiosisC. ApoptosisD. Cytokinesis答案：A7. What is the correct term for the study of the structure of the body?A. AnatomyB. PhysiologyC. PathologyD. Pharmacology答案：A8. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of:A. Oxygen and carbon dioxideB. Nutrients and wasteC. Water and electrolytesD. Hormones and neurotransmitters答案：A9. Which organ is responsible for detoxification of the body?A. LiverB. KidneyC. LungsD. Spleen答案：A10. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system and the:A. Peripheral nervous systemB. Autonomic nervous systemC. Somatic nervous systemD. Sympathetic nervous system答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The largest organ of the human body is the _______.答案：Skin12. The medical condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood is known as _______.答案：Diabetes13. The process by which the body breaks down food into nutrients is called _______.答案：Digestion14. The study of the causes and effects of diseases is known as _______.答案：Etiology15. A person with a medical condition that causes difficulty in breathing is said to have _______.答案：Asthma16. The main function of the kidneys is to _______.答案：Filter waste products from the blood17. The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is called _______.答案：Psychiatry18. The medical term for the surgical removal of a tumor is _______.答案：Excision19. The study of the causes and development of diseases is known as _______.答案：Pathology20. The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment is called _______.答案：Homeostasis三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a virus and a bacteria.答案：Viruses are smaller and require a host cell to replicate, while bacteria are larger, single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently. Viruses cause infections by invading host cells and using the host's machinery to replicate, whereas bacteria can cause infections by multiplying on their own.22. What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?答案：White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and eliminating pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. They help in the body's defense mechanism through various processes like phagocytosis, producing antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity.23. Describe the process of blood clotting.答案：Blood clotting, or coagulation, is a complex process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves a series of reactions where clottingfactors in the blood are activated in a cascade, leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh that traps blood cells and forms a clot. This process also includes the activation of platelets which aggregate at the site of injury to form a plug.24. What are the functions of the liver?答案：The liver performs a multitude of。
职称英语考试卫生类(B类)试题及答案(20211010012701)
职称英语考试卫生类〔B 类〕试题及答案4第4局部：阅读理解〔第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分〕下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题定 1 个选项。
Happy Therapy 〔诊疗〕Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling.Then, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak.In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night.The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope.Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night,Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he feltwell enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to health.31 Mr. Cousins got sick after returning fromA a busy trip to the US.B a tiring trip to Russia.C a trip around the world.D a trip to Puerto Rico.32 How did the doctors respond to Mr. Cousins illness? 'A They promised to cure him.B They didn ' t think he was really sick.C They told him not to give up hope.D They said they were unable to help him in any way.33 Mr. Cousins attributed the bad chemical changes in his body toA unhappy thoughts.B a severe illness.C weak bones.D too much sleep.34 What didn ' t Mr. Cousins do in his experiments with laughter?A Watch funny TV shows.B Read funny books.C Sleep whenever he felt tired.D Take medicine.35 Mr. Cousins cured his own illness A by laughing at others.B by acting in funny shows.C by taking a happy therapy.D by writing funny stories.。
20XX职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析3.doc
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析3 Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack ,experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed, " said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are bom with or if they could be renewed." he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated , it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, " Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. " Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying, "he said.With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves, " Bhardwaj said. " Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj , scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell tumover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.1. The human heart stops producing cardiac cellsA. when a person becomes oldB. as soon as a person gets sickC. immediately after a person is bornD. once a person dies2. The finding could prove to be useful toA. the analysis of cardiac cellsB. the prevention of chronic diseasesC. the treatment of heart diseaseD. the study of longstanding mysteries3. In people in their mid-70s, only 0. 45 percent of cardiomyocytes _ .A. are still functionalB. are reduced each yearC. are replaced each yearD. are damaged each year4. Chronic heart failure is attributed toA. the dying heart cellsB. the effect of pharmceuticalC. the weight of a patientD. the life span of a person5. It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased heartsA. is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying offB. is of any use to researchersC. is the same as that in healthy heartsD. changes over time参考译文及答案：人类心脏可以制造新的细胞科学家发现在人的整个生命进程中，心脏会持续产生新的心肌细胞，尽管新细胞产生的速度会随着年龄的增长而降低，这一发现解决了很长时间以来的一个谜团。
医学三级英语考试
一、选择题1.Which of the following is the primary function of the heart?A.To filter bloodB.To pump blood throughout the body（答案）C.To store oxygenD.To produce red blood cells2.What is the term used to describe the abnormal growth of cells that can invade andspread to other parts of the body?A.InfectionB.InflammationC.Cancer（答案）D.Allergy3.Which vitamin is essential for bone health and is primarily obtained from sunlight?A.Vitamin AB.Vitamin CC.Vitamin D（答案）D.Vitamin E4.The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable molecules is known as:A.Digestion（答案）B.MetabolismC.RespirationD.Circulation5.Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body?A.Insulin（答案）B.ThyroxineC.AdrenalineD.Estradiol6.The term used to describe the condition where the body's immune system attacks itsown tissues is:A.Autoimmune disease（答案）B.Allergic reactionC.Infectious diseaseD.Genetic disorder7.Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating and controlling musclemovements?A.CerebrumB.Cerebellum（答案）C.Medulla oblongataD.Pons8.The process by which the kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, and produceurine is called:A.DialysisB.FiltrationC.UrinationD.Renal function（答案）。
英语医学考试题目及答案
英语医学考试题目及答案****1. **词汇题****题目**：Match the following medical terms with their correct definitions.A. CardiologyB. DermatologyC. GastroenterologyD. NeurologyE. Ophthalmology1. The study of the skin2. The study of the heart and its diseases3. The study of the nervous system4. The study of the eyes5. The study of the stomach and intestines**答案**：1. B2. A3. D4. E5. C2. **阅读理解题****题目**：Read the following passage and answer the questions."In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular due to its ability to provide medical care to patients in remote areas. This technology allows doctors to consult with patients via video calls, email, or smart phone applications, which can save both time and resources."Question: What is the main advantage of telemedicine mentioned in the passage?A. It can provide medical care to patients in remote areas.B. It is cost-effective.C. It saves time and resources.D. It allows doctors to consult with patients in person.**答案**：C. It saves time and resources.3. **语法填空题****题目**：Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given.The human body is composed of several systems, including the circulatory system, which is responsible for the transportation of blood and nutrients throughout the body. The heart, a vital organ in this system, (1) _______ (pump) blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. The circulatory system also includes the blood vessels, which (2)_______ (carry) blood to different parts of the body. The lymphatic system, which is closely related to the circulatory system, (3) _______ (help) in the immune response by filtering out harmful substances from the body.**答案**：1. pumps2. carry3. helps4. **完形填空题****题目**：Read the following text and choose the best word to fill in each blank.Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is often related to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Both types require careful monitoring and management to prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage.1. Diabetes can lead to serious health complications if not_______ properly.2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system _______ the insulin-producing cells.3. Type 2 diabetes is often _______ to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.**答案**：1. managed2. attacks3. related5. **翻译题****题目**：Translate the following medical terms from English to Chinese.1. Hypertension2. Bronchitis3. Arthritis4. Anemia5. Asthma**答案**：1. 高血压2. 支气管炎3. 关节炎4. 贫血5. 哮喘6. **简答题****题目**：Explain the difference between an X-ray and a CT scan.**答案**：An X-ray is a type of medical imaging that uses a small amount of ionizing radiation to capture images of the body's internal structures. It is often used to diagnose fractures, infections, and other conditions. A CT (computed tomography) scan, on the other hand, is a more advanced imaging technique that uses a series of X-ray images taken from different angles and combines them to create cross-sectional images of the body. CT scans provide more detailed information than standard X-rays and are particularly useful for diagnosing conditions that involve soft tissues, such as tumors or internal injuries.7. **案例分析题****题目**：A patient presents with a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Based on these symptoms, what could be the potential diagnoses, and what further tests might be required to confirm the diagnosis?**答案**：Potential diagnoses could include pneumonia, asthma, or a pulmonary embolism. Further tests might include a chest X-ray to check for signs of infection or fluid buildup, a spirometry test to assess lung function for asthma, and a D-dimer blood test or a CT pulmonary angiogram to rule out a pulmonary embolism.8. **写作题****题目**：Write a short essay on the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases.**答案**：Vaccination is a crucial tool in the prevention of infectious diseases. It works by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen into the body, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies without causing the disease. This process results in immunity, protecting the individual from future infections. Vaccination not only safeguards the health of the vaccinated individual but also contributes to herd immunity, which protects those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants or immunocompromised individuals. By reducing the spread of infectious diseases, vaccination helps to prevent outbreaks and减轻 healthcare systems' burden. It is a cost-effective public health intervention that has saved millions of lives worldwide.以上是一套英语医学考试的题目及答案，涵盖了词汇、阅读、语法、完形填空、翻译、简答和写作等多种题型，旨在考察学生在医学英语方面的综合运用能力。
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医学英语期末考试试卷（B 卷）
课程名称 医学英语 任课教师 学院 专业 年级 姓名 校园卡号
1. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (10 points for each
paragraph).
(1) A tissue consists of a group of similar cells along with the material between the cells, which are organized to carry out a particular function. There are 4 major types of tissues: epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each of which has a special function to perform.
(2) Passive immunity is attained when antibodies formed in lower animals or human beings are injected into another person. Passive immunity is of short duration; the borrowed antibodies tend to exhaust their cycle and disappear as the blood is renewed.
Passive immunization is used rarely today.
(3) Apoptosis is an active, programmed cell death process controlled by genes. There are two kinds of genes controlling apoptosis: one is pro-apoptosis genes, such as P53, and so on; the other is anti-apoptosis genes, such as certain members of bcl-2 family, and so on.
(4) Hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis) is a degeneration of the wall of the artery and is a normal part of growing old. It affects all the arteries of the body and can be accelerated and exaggerated by high blood pressure. Atherosclerosis (deposition of fats and cholesterol within an artery) is much more serious.
(5) Basically the digestive system consists of a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. This tube, known as the digestive tract, is made up of the following organs:
装__________________________装____________________________订____________________________线__________________________
the mouth, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the large and small intestines, and so on.
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English (10 points for each paragraph). （1）甲状腺分两叶，包绕在喉和气管上部，在下丘脑和垂体前叶的指令下工作。
它的功能是从血流中吸收碘和其它物质以生成称为甲状腺素的激素。
（2）呼吸系统由两部分组成：1）导气部，和2）呼吸部。
导气部（气道）包括一系列管道，即：鼻、咽、喉、气管和支气管；呼吸部则包括肺。
（3）内分泌系统和神经系统的功能是调节其它器官系统。
前者通过称为激素的化学物质的作用调节机体的功能，而后者则通过神经元的活动调节机体的功能。
（4）胰分泌胰液以助消化，胰液通过胰导管释入十二指肠。
胰还具有重要的内分泌功能，分泌两种激素——胰高血糖素和胰岛素，这两种激素与维持血糖水平有关。
（5）静脉血栓形成容易发生在手术或中风后长期卧床的人。
通常采用抗凝药物治疗静脉血栓形成。
第3页共4页第4页共4页。