现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit3Groundless_Beliefs
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1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3) 2. Parroting. (paras. 4–13) 3. Self-interest (paras. 14–17) 4. Sentimental associations (paras. 18–19) 5. Fashion (paras. 20–24) III. The conclusion (para. 25): The writer’s praise of
inquiring mind Discuss how to develop such a mind
WB TR
Text Analysis Structure
I. The Introduction (para. 1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs
II. The body (paras. 2–24): Types/Causes of groundless beliefs
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Words & Expressions
Words
Phrases
Sentence Pattern
class
come across meet with
What reason have we for doing…
rest upon(on)
upon “mere tradition” or somebody’s “bare assertion”?
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Sentence Paraphrase
• They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody’s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof... (para. 1)
➢ How can a simple “suggestion” become a “belief”?
✓ …uncritically we accepted and believed it. ✓ …we didn’t have the power of questioning.
➢ How shall we deal with the beliefs developed in early childhood?
Aristotle vs. Galileo’s
• Why was Galileo able to prove Aristotle wrong? • What lesson shall we learn from Galileo’s experiment?
Warming up Check-on Preview
beliefs • Encourage students to actively identify
groundless beliefs in life • Appreciate the logic structure
WB TR
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Author
Background
Warming up
WB TR
Warming up Questions / Activities
Are carrots a rabbit’s favorite? How do you know?
WB TR
Questions / Activities Warming up
Lesson 6 – Groundless Beliefs
Warming up Objectives
• Call attention to groundless beliefs • Understand the causes of groundless beliefs • Discuss the importance of inquisition • Consider the strategies against groundless
Groundless Beliefs
A. E. Mander
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Questions / Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
live. – 一个国家的实力不只是取决于经济发展；它至少在相同的程度上有赖于其
教育水平。（rest upon) – The strength of a country does not rest upon economic development alone; it
rests upon education, at least to the same extent. – 我们明确地知道，人的生命从何时开始。(a shadow of…) – We know, without a shadow of a doubt, when human life begins。
➢What are the words used by the author in referring to groundless “beliefs”? --- propositions, assumptions, dogma, opinion ➢According to the author where do these beliefs come from? --- from other people: family, friends, media, tradition, interest groups, etc. ➢Why do we tend to accept these beliefs? --- “suggestion”, self-interest, sentimental associations, Fashion ➢Why do we have to be on guard against them? --- most of them are irrational; they are _________ rather than thought. --- once they become so s________ in they prevent us from accepting new ideas.
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part II: Types/Causes of groundless beliewenku.baidu.coms (paras. 2–24) Section 1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3)
be based on
the slightest trace of proof
These groundless believes are either based on tradition or on somebody’s strong claims which are not supported by the slightest trace of proof.
Main Idea
➢ What does the author advocate in the first sentence? ➢ Have you ever asked yourself these questions? ➢ Can you give examples of groundless beliefs which rest
a shadow of
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Exercise
• Translate the following sentences into English, using words in the brackets.
– 如今，在他们生活的城市，农民工很少被当成市民看待。(class) – Yet few of migrant workers are even classed as citizens of the city where they
Detailed Analysis
Unit 3
Text Analysis
WB TR
Text Analysis Theme
Understand the sources of groundless beliefs
Develop the alert to groundless beliefs Emphasize the importance of a curious,
Background
Author
Quotations from Mander’s book
• The trouble with most folks is not so much their ignorance, as their "knowing" so many things which ain't so.
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Roman Catholic ✓In order to be saved, all persons who have attained the use of reason must believe explicitly that God exists and that he rewards the good and punishes the wicked. ✓The Church is the congregation of all baptized persons, under the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff and the bishops in communion with him. ✓We find the chief truths taught by Jesus Christ through the Catholic Church in the Apostles' Creed.
---- Josh Billings
• He who cannot reason is a fool; he who will not is a bigot; he who dare not is a slave.
-----W. Drummond
Groundless Beliefs
Theme
Structure
WB TR
Background
Author
His Life and Works
• A. E. Mander (1894–1985) ✓ A well-published Australian scholar.
• Books
✓ Logic for the millions ✓ Clearer thinking (logic for everyman) ✓ The making of the Australians ✓ Our sham democracy ✓ Psychology for everyman (and woman) ✓ Clearer thinking; logic for everyday use ✓ Public enemy, the press ✓ Alarming Australia
rational thinkers
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Main Idea
I II III
Sentence Paraphrase
Words & Expressions
Exercise
WB TR
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: The Introduction (para.1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs
inquiring mind Discuss how to develop such a mind
WB TR
Text Analysis Structure
I. The Introduction (para. 1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs
II. The body (paras. 2–24): Types/Causes of groundless beliefs
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Words & Expressions
Words
Phrases
Sentence Pattern
class
come across meet with
What reason have we for doing…
rest upon(on)
upon “mere tradition” or somebody’s “bare assertion”?
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Sentence Paraphrase
• They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody’s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof... (para. 1)
➢ How can a simple “suggestion” become a “belief”?
✓ …uncritically we accepted and believed it. ✓ …we didn’t have the power of questioning.
➢ How shall we deal with the beliefs developed in early childhood?
Aristotle vs. Galileo’s
• Why was Galileo able to prove Aristotle wrong? • What lesson shall we learn from Galileo’s experiment?
Warming up Check-on Preview
beliefs • Encourage students to actively identify
groundless beliefs in life • Appreciate the logic structure
WB TR
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Author
Background
Warming up
WB TR
Warming up Questions / Activities
Are carrots a rabbit’s favorite? How do you know?
WB TR
Questions / Activities Warming up
Lesson 6 – Groundless Beliefs
Warming up Objectives
• Call attention to groundless beliefs • Understand the causes of groundless beliefs • Discuss the importance of inquisition • Consider the strategies against groundless
Groundless Beliefs
A. E. Mander
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Questions / Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
live. – 一个国家的实力不只是取决于经济发展；它至少在相同的程度上有赖于其
教育水平。（rest upon) – The strength of a country does not rest upon economic development alone; it
rests upon education, at least to the same extent. – 我们明确地知道，人的生命从何时开始。(a shadow of…) – We know, without a shadow of a doubt, when human life begins。
➢What are the words used by the author in referring to groundless “beliefs”? --- propositions, assumptions, dogma, opinion ➢According to the author where do these beliefs come from? --- from other people: family, friends, media, tradition, interest groups, etc. ➢Why do we tend to accept these beliefs? --- “suggestion”, self-interest, sentimental associations, Fashion ➢Why do we have to be on guard against them? --- most of them are irrational; they are _________ rather than thought. --- once they become so s________ in they prevent us from accepting new ideas.
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part II: Types/Causes of groundless beliewenku.baidu.coms (paras. 2–24) Section 1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3)
be based on
the slightest trace of proof
These groundless believes are either based on tradition or on somebody’s strong claims which are not supported by the slightest trace of proof.
Main Idea
➢ What does the author advocate in the first sentence? ➢ Have you ever asked yourself these questions? ➢ Can you give examples of groundless beliefs which rest
a shadow of
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Exercise
• Translate the following sentences into English, using words in the brackets.
– 如今，在他们生活的城市，农民工很少被当成市民看待。(class) – Yet few of migrant workers are even classed as citizens of the city where they
Detailed Analysis
Unit 3
Text Analysis
WB TR
Text Analysis Theme
Understand the sources of groundless beliefs
Develop the alert to groundless beliefs Emphasize the importance of a curious,
Background
Author
Quotations from Mander’s book
• The trouble with most folks is not so much their ignorance, as their "knowing" so many things which ain't so.
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Roman Catholic ✓In order to be saved, all persons who have attained the use of reason must believe explicitly that God exists and that he rewards the good and punishes the wicked. ✓The Church is the congregation of all baptized persons, under the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff and the bishops in communion with him. ✓We find the chief truths taught by Jesus Christ through the Catholic Church in the Apostles' Creed.
---- Josh Billings
• He who cannot reason is a fool; he who will not is a bigot; he who dare not is a slave.
-----W. Drummond
Groundless Beliefs
Theme
Structure
WB TR
Background
Author
His Life and Works
• A. E. Mander (1894–1985) ✓ A well-published Australian scholar.
• Books
✓ Logic for the millions ✓ Clearer thinking (logic for everyman) ✓ The making of the Australians ✓ Our sham democracy ✓ Psychology for everyman (and woman) ✓ Clearer thinking; logic for everyday use ✓ Public enemy, the press ✓ Alarming Australia
rational thinkers
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Main Idea
I II III
Sentence Paraphrase
Words & Expressions
Exercise
WB TR
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: The Introduction (para.1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs