现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit3Groundless_Beliefs

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精读4配套课件unit3

beliefs • Encourage students to actively identify
groundless beliefs in life • Appreciate the logic structure
WB TR
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Author
Background
种很伤感的心声在心
Groundless Beliefs
A. E. Mander
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Questions / Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
– We know, without a shadow of a doubt, when human life begins。
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part II: Types/Causes of groundless beliefs (paras. 2–24) Section 1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3)
WB TR
Background
Author
His Life and Works
• A. E. Mander (1894–1985) ✓ A well-published Australian scholar.
• Books
✓ Logic for the millions ✓ Clearer thinking (logic for everyman) ✓ The making of the Australians ✓ Our sham democracy ✓ Psychology for everyman (and woman) ✓ Clearer thinking; logic for everyday use ✓ Public enemy, the press ✓ Alarming Australia

Unit-6-Groundless-Beliefs上课讲义

Listen to the recording and answer
What is the theme of the passage? What do you think is the style of this passage? Find out the main factors influencing the forming of a belief.
He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. They waited, as it were, breathless for the result.
fit in with
If sth. fits in with other things, it is similar to them or goes well with them. 适合，符合，与……一致
加尔文宗[归正宗]
பைடு நூலகம்
Methodists 循道宗
Congregationalists 公理宗
sentiment
A cast of mind; general mental disposition n. 情操, 情感, 情绪, 观点, 多愁善感, 感情
as such
as the word is usually understood; in the exact sense of the word. 从字面意义看，严格来说 The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects.
improvident
Not providing for the future; thriftless. Rash; incautious.

(完整版)groundlessbeliefs课文翻译(转)

groundlessbeliefs课文翻译（转）毫无根据的观点A.E.曼德原文选自《Logic for the Millions》译文选自《现代大学英语课文辅导(精读)4》今后，我们将按根据对各种观点进行分类——直至养成一种习惯。

对于我们所遇到的每一种说法，我们都应该问：“我们是如何知道的？我们有什么理由相信它，这一说法有什么‘根据’？”我们大概会吃惊地发现，在日常生活中我们所见到的大量说法可以归类为毫无根据的说法。

这些说法仅仅根据传统，或者根据某人毫无证据的断言……我们最初作为一种简单的“建议”而接受的事物可能会成为一种观点，并且我们继续持有这种观点。

现在，这种观点已成为我们的一种思维习惯。

也许某人于某时、某地告诉我们某件事，我们便不加鉴别地接受并相信了它。

这种做法或许可以追溯到我们的童年时代——即我们对所告知的事物提出质疑的能力尚未得到开发之前。

我们的许多根深蒂固的信念都是那时确立的。

现在长大后，我们发现很难对这些信念的真实性提出质疑，在我们看来这些信念“显然”都是正确的。

不过，如果在婴儿时期把最虔诚的罗马天主教徒和长老会教义信徒予以交换，然后使他们在相反的家庭与影响下长大，所能得出的结果是毋庸置疑的。

我们可以根据所掌握的心理学知识得出结论，两人长大后会持有与现在恰好相反的观点……然后，每个人就像他现在一样，感到自己的观点正确无疑——其实是对方的观点。

当然，在宗教信仰以外的其他许多观点中情况也是如此。

如果我们生长在一个把多配偶制、割去敌方头颅作为战利品、杀害婴儿、格斗或者决斗当成是平常而又自然的事情的社会中——那么我们长大后就会认为这些做法“显然”是自然的、完全合乎道德规范的，也是很正常的。

如果一个英国婴儿被一个德国家庭收养并抚育成人，长大后完全不知道他的父母是英国人，他的全部思想感情与观点就会是“德国式”的而不是“英国式”的。

我们的许多观点——我们许多最根深蒂固的基本信念——是由我们成长的社会文化传统所决定的。

现代大学英语精读4lesson3 原文翻译

UNIT2历史学家们为什么意见不一大多数学生通常是通过一本厚厚的课本接触历史的，他们很快就被淹没在姓名、日期、时间和数据中。

然后学生的技能通过考试来检验，考试考的是他们记住了多少材料。

记得越多，分数就越高。

我们可以从中得出几条明显的结论：学习历史就是学习“史实”；作为历史专业的学生，知道的“史实”越多，你学得就越好。

专业的历史学家只不过是把大量的“事实”搜集在一起的人。

因此，当学生们发现历史学家们即使在研究同一事件时意见也有很大分歧的时候，他们常常感到困惑不解。

对于这种情况，学生们根据自己的常识作出的反应是，断定一位历史学家是正确的，而另一位是错误的。

而且，据此推测，错误的历史学家给出的“事实”是错误的。

然而，实际情况很少如此。

历史学家的论证通常很有道理，并且有说服力。

而且，“事实”——姓名、日期、事件和数据——常常是被证明是正确的。

此外，学生们还经常发现争论不休的历史学家对事实大致持相同意见；也就是说，他们使用大体相同的材料。

他们作出的结论不同，是因为他们看待过去的角度不同。

历史，本来已定就是记忆“史实”，现在变成了从众多解释中挑选一个令人满意的解释的事情。

历史的真相成为了个人偏好问题。

这种看法很难使人满意。

学生们肯定会想，对同一事件的两种完全不同的观点不可能同时是正确的；然而，他们没有能力在两者之间作出选择。

要了解历史学家们为什么意见不一致，学生们必须考虑一个他们或多或少认为是理所当然的问题。

他们必须问问自己，历史到底是什么。

从最广泛的意义上来说，历史指的是人类过去的总和。

比较狭义的概念是，历史是有记录的过去，即留下了某种记录的人类生活的一部分，比如民间故事、手工艺品或者有文字记载的文献。

最后，历史可以被定义为历史学家们书写的过去。

当然，这三种定义互相联系。

历史学家们的记述以过去人们的遗留物为根据；显然，他们不可能对所有的事情都了解，原因很简单，并不是每一件大小事件都被完整地记录下来了。

因此，历史学家充其量也只能接近历史。

现代大学英语精读4--unit6-groundless-beliefs--课件

Conviction: could also mean the judgment of a jury or judge that a person is guilty of a crime as charged定罪
e.g. He has six previous convictions for theft. They are strong because they have been in our mind for such a long time. They are strong because they were imprinted on our mind when we were little children, before we were able to judge for ourselves. They are strong because they were passed on to us during our most formative years and often by people we trusted and loved.
your behavior.
• She knew beyond a shadow of doubt that he was lying.
• It may be a belief which…ever since:
• 情况很可能是这样的：我们最初仅仅因为别人的建议而接受了一个观点，而在那以后就一直持有（坚持）这种观点。
They rest upon mere tradition, or on sb.’s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof…
to be based on 基于

现代大学英语精读4lesson3课后答案

1.Translate1)into Chinese(1)专业的历史工作者(2)基于常识的反应(3)事物的这种状况(4)意见不一的历史学家(5)已经准备好了的现成的东西(6)一个个人喜好不同的问题(7)截然不同的观点(8)民间故事(9)书面文件(10)过去的遗留物(11)人的动机和行为(12)复杂和精细(13)商船(14)一旦发生潜艇战(15)一个粗糙的理论(16)好战的行为；战争行为(17)宣传机器(18)德国外交部长(19)实力平衡(20)（事物的）因果(21)海岸炮兵(22)终极关怀(23)（事物的）近因(24)人们常说的一句话(25)不会出错的解释(26)绝对有效的模式(27)永不停止的探索(28)一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标2） into English(1)to gain new insights(2)to revise one’s ideas(3)to trace the cause(4)to begin from this premise(5)to open fire on/at(6)to give equal weight to sth(7)to support a certain view(8)to influence the government(9)to destroy the balance of power(10)to form an alliance(11)to repay the loans(12)to contemplate war(13)to fill in the gaps(14)to conclude the quest(15)to view sth from a certain perspective(16)to benefit from the comparison(17)to eliminate from the comparison(18)to dig into the problem(19)to be immersed in a vast sea(20)to stem from a different point of view(21)to be destined to do sth(22)to ignore the fact(23)to make an assumption(24)to defeat the enemy(25)to win back one ’s lost territory(26)to sink a boat(27)to intercept the secret message(28)to piece together evidence(29)to approximate the truth(30)to master new techniques2.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)synonyms(1)elusive : puzzling, baffling(2)intriguing: fascinating(3)evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4)ultimate: final, last(5)to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6)to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7)belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8)in addition to: besides, apart from, plus(9)in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10)nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same(11)to conclude ( the quest) : to end (the search / probing)(12)to denote: to refer to(13)persuasively: convincingly(14)more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15)moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what ’s more(16)by way of: through2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10)crude (theory): a well-developed (theory), a sophisticated (theory)(11)confused: clear, clear-minded(12)professional: non-professional, amateurish3.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or less thesame meaning.1)simple/primitive; told; thick2)pondering/thinking about; future/fate; insignificant3)completely/entirely; different/opposite4)consider/regard; look at; angles/points of view5)knows very well; growing/increasing; complaints6)besides/apart from; easy; in the case of/if there is7)purposely paid no attention to8)generally/on the whole; however/but; come from/originate from9)absolutely reliable; wipe out/get rid of; bound to4.Translate1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to thefinancial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for theireducation.11)The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some dayand see more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I ’dlike to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way ofan introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.5.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although; to2)over/about; with3)to; in4)led to/resulted in/caused5)with; lends/gives/brings6)from; in7)as to; of8)in the even of; survive9)to; to; study10)out; in11)in; weight/priority12)denote; of13)immersed/buried; more or less14)rather; the more15)at; stems from/comes from/originates from/results from16)base; filled in。

现代大学英语精读4(第二版)-部分课文及短语重点翻译

精读四Unit 11.猛然敲门bang the door2.向国王陛下欢呼cheer His Majesty3.凝视那雕像contemplate the statue4.设计/发明一种新方法devise a new way5.获得一种名声gain a reputation6.鼓舞人民inspire the people7.低下头sink one’s head8.象征/代表国家symbolize the nation9.暖和双手warm one’s hands10.毁了某人的健康ruin one’s health11.扮演重要的角色play an important role/part in12.解决这个问题settle the issue1.永恒的真理the eternal truth2.档案柜 a filing cabinet3.无稽之谈utter nonsense4.有违法倾向的行为delinquent behavior5.常客 a frequent visitor6.新鲜空气fresh air7.格调很高的独白high-minded monologue8.一个固定的观点 a settled view9.语言障碍 a speech impediment10.可怕的风 a hideous wind11.使人兴奋的爱国热情heady patriotism12.无情的入侵者the remorseless invaders13.首相the Prime Minister14.思维过程 a mental process15.国际联盟the League of Nations16.一篇有条理的文章 a coherent article17.一位口译好手 a proficient interpreter18.一个不可避免的趋势an irresistible trend19.腐烂的苹果rotten apples20.点头之交 a nodding acquaintance（前五）1. 他因收受贿赂而正在接受调查。

Lesson-3---Groundless-BeliefsPPT演示课件

) The writer’s praise of rational thinkers.
6
Five types/causes of groundless beliefs A: Early environment (2-3) B: Parroting (4-13) C: Self-interest (14-17) D: Sentimental associations (18-19) E: Fashion (20-24)
regulations. What he is doing is consistent with his basic
moral principles.
18
The same thing is true, of course, of many beliefs other than those of a religious nature. (3)
roo
infantictide cide: to cut
14
Many of our strongest convictions were established then; and now, in adult life, we find it most difficult even to question their truth. (2) Conviction: firm belief or opinion (Do not
About the text and the author
The present text is taken from Logic for
the Millions by A ． E ． Mander,
published by The Philosophical Library， New York，1947． A.E. Mander is an English psychologist, he writes many books, such as Our Sham Democracy, Psychology for everyman and woman, Alarming Australia and so on.

现代大学英语精读4第二版课后答案

Unit1Phrase1.猛然敲门 bang the door2.向国王陛下欢呼 cheer His Majesty3.凝视那雕像 contemplate the statue4.设计/发明一种新方法 devise a new way5.获得一种名声 gain a reputation6.鼓舞人民 inspire the people7.低下头 sink one’s head8.象征/代表国家 symbolize the nation9.暖和双手 warm one’s hands10.毁了某人的健康 ruin one’s health11.扮演重要的角色 play an important role/part in12.解决这个问题 settle the issueSentence1.I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.我知道，不管发生什么情况,我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。

2.As a rule， the younger generation tends to be more interested in the presentrather than the past unlike the older generation， but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.一般来说,年轻一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去感兴趣。

但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。

3.The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the wholenation.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。

大学教材全解—现代大学英语精读(4)(第二版)

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现代大学英语精读4 Groundless Beliefs

▪ So far we still have not found a safe way to dispose of nuclear waste.
▪ These shoes fit me perfectly. I’ll take them. ▪ This set of furniture fits into our sitting
4.dispose sb. to do sth.: incline to do sth. E.g.:
The low salary did not dispose him to accept the position.菲薄的待遇使他不想接受这项工作。
I am disposed to agree with you as far as the selection of the location of the new theatre.就新剧院的选址问题我倾向于你的观点。
▪ The water was no longer even fit to swim in, let alone to drink.
▪ He was suddenly seized by a fit of laughter.
▪ She had had fits every now and then since she was a child.
1. as mentioned E.g.: A leader, as such, deserves obedience. 2.as the word is usually understood; in the strict sense of the word按照某词的
通常意义；根据严格的意义
E.g.: I can’t call my book a best seller as such but it’s very popular.

6-Unit-3-Groundless-Beliefs

6-Unit-3-Groundless-Beliefs任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日Unit 3一、授课时间：第6-7周二．授课类型：课文分析10课时；习题讲解2课时三．授课题目：Groundless Beliefs四．授课时数：12五．教学目的和要求：通过讲授课文使学生了解文章开门见山，通过假设的方式提出观点，即日常生活中遇到的很多观点都是毫无根据的。

接着深入探讨分析，分别论述了毫无根据的观点的五种不同来源。

最后，作者深化主题、鼓励读者以清晰、理性的方式来思考问题，勇于承认事实，并不惜代价追求真理以避免形成毫无根据的观点。

学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。

要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。

六．教学重点和难点：1）背景知识的传授：Polygamy; Infanticide; Headhunting; Gladiatorial fighting; Dueling; Galileo Galilei; Prohibition; William James 2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；3）语言点的理解：任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日Groundless; proposition; rest upon/on sth.; assertion; a shadow of; uncritically; staunch; be consistent with sth.; fit in with sb./sth.; be on sb’s guard; enquire into sth.; in (the) light of sth.; beyond questionGrammar Focus: Learn to use abbreviated adverbial clauses; Learn more about the subjunctive mood七．教学基本内容和纲要Part One Warm – up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What is the author talking about here? Why do you think he wrote this article?2. What is your overall impression of this essay? Do you find any points raised by the author particular enlightening?3. Do you agree that many of our beliefs are actually groundless? Think carefully and list at least 10 of your strongly-held convictions which, upon serious examination, must be classified as groundless. Try and analyze why now you think任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日they are groundless.4. Can you think of some personal convictions that you are determined not to give away although their logical ground is highly questionable? Can you explain why?5. Why do we have to bother whether our beliefs are well-grounded or not？As most of us will probably be translators or interpreters rather than important decision-makers, can’t we just take orders, get things done, and earn our honest living?6. Do you have anything in your mind to challenge the author? Are his views about groundless beliefs well-grounded themselves? Part Two Background Information2.1 Author2.2 Catholic Belief; Presbyterian Belief; Aristotle vs. Galileo; William James; The Principles of Psychology; Headhunting in South Asia; Gladiatorial Games任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日Part Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Theme of the text3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices3.2.1 Ellipsis: A figure of speech characterized by the omission of one or more words that, while essential to the grammatic structure of the sentence, are easily supplied by the reader.3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:4.1.3 Word Building4.2 Grammar4.2.1 ObjectPart Five Extension5.1 Group discussion5.2 Debating八、教学方法和措施任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。

现代大学英语精读4 基础英语paraphrase

Unit 1 Text Ⅰ Thinking as a HobbyParaphrases of the Text1.The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural.(3)The leopard symbolizes Nature,which stands for all animal needs or desires.美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。

2.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left meout.(15)Everybody, except me ,is born with the ability to thin大自然赋予其余的所有的人第六感觉却独独漏掉了我。

3.You could hear the wind trapped in the cavern of his chest and struggling with allthe unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.(19)你能听到风被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障碍物艰难前进发出的声音。

他的身体因为不习惯这样的感觉而摇摇晃晃，脸色变得惨白。

4.In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible andirresistible spring in his neck.(20)Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought, instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.在这种情况下，我认为他不是受思想，而是受他后颈里某个看不到却无法抗拒的发条的控制。

现代大学英语(第二版)精读4课后翻译答案

I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials. The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.The great majority of the people stand for reform.Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years，and the country prospered under her rule.The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's the rule.Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand. The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes. The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake. Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.It is a miracle how our company has become a multinational in such a short span of time.The average life span in that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.There are four bridges spanning the river.I’m much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don’t have to go if you don’t want to.She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help. In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for a picnic.Sitting in a shady spot, he soon dozed off.He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bad down by the roadside.It was a white shirt with blue spots. It looked quite pretty.The detective spotted the suspect, and he walked over and arrested him.One of the balloons popped, and it gave me quiet a start.It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring ten dollars’ worth of water as a gift.When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment. This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it is not worth seeing at all.I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept alltheir traditional house intact — houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father’s worthy son. He yearned for freedom.The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists. He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection. The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism? We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.There is always opposition to any progress and reform.Some people are always opposed to new things.A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for their education.The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report tothe Security Council.During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India. Based on those reasonable doubts，the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest. Import of the country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare. During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway. it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches. The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.The author is very good at creating suspense.He used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.She averted her face so that people would not see her blush.He has always had an aversion to publicity.The governmen t’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods. He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball. They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday.There were two armed soldiers standing guard at the bridge. Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.When the exhibition is over，the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.We need to increase our oil import in the coming years to meet thegrowing Demand for energyOur profit has increased by 20% in the past two years.The number of privately-owned cars has increased five times (fivefold ) in five years.The number of mobile phone owners in our city has increased from 20 thousandto about half a million in less than 5 years.She propped her bike against a tree.The local economy is largely propped up by tourism.He was fast asleep with his head propped on a big rock.You need strong props to keep the tower from leaning any further. Flight 901 is due to land at the airport at 8:55.Many foreign observers say that the next man to land on the moon may very well be a Chinese.One of the stones they threw landed on the head of a young soldier. If you go on like this, you will land yourself in a jail.I landed a powerful punch to his chin and sent him sprawling. When you approach a drowning person, you must not let him grip your hands.Reports of the sundden appearance of these whales gripped the interest of the whole city.If she lost grip on the rope, she’d fall 1,000 feet to sure death. You mu st keep a grip on yourself. Don’t despair.Our government did everything possible to defend the value of our currency.The total value of our exports to that country in the first nine months this years has reachd $94 billion.A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.(Charles Darwin)At college, students acquire certain values. This is an important part of their education.If your value your life, quit smoking.This painting is valued at $20 million.We will achieve this result at any cost.Our economy began to grow by leaps and bounds as a result of the reform and open policy.His repressive policies only resulted in his quick fall.Many of our present problems in a way to dispose of nuclear waste. The fact that you like somebody may dispose you to like his ideas also.So far we still have not found a safe way to dispose of nuclear waste.These shoes fit me perfectly. I’ll take them.This set of furniture fits into our sitting room.The innkeeper found that the man fit the description of the wanted murder suspect.To keep fit, you should avoid eating too much salt, sugar and fat. The water was no longer even fit to swim in, let alone to drink. He was suddenly seized by a fit of laughter.She has had fits every now and then since she was a child.This subway will be extended to cover the whole city.I would like to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt thanks to you.The effect of the economic reform will naturally extend to other fields.Many people prefer government bonds to stocks.This kind of jacket is out of stock.This is one of his stock jokes. I have heard it many times.Zhuge Liang pretended to be very calm and succeeded in fooling Sima Yi who did not know that the city was really unguarded.He pretended that nothing had happened.She pretended to be listening，but actually her mind had already wandered far away.I don’t want to pretend that I’m an expert on this subject.How would you compare your life today with your life before the reform started?If you com pare American students with Chinese students, you’ll find some interesting similarities and differences.Social Darwinists believe that we can compare our human society to the animal world.These mass-produced chickens do not compare with the chickens we used to raise at home.Our exports to that region increased by 30% compared with the same period the previous year.The water-pipe has burst. We must get it fixed immediately.It sounded like the bursting of a ballono.As usual, the Giant Panda House was bursting with children.You can see that the students are bursting with question.There were about 800 people watching a play when some thirty armed terrorists burst into the theater.The man was bursting to tell his fellow-traveler why he had pitched his suitcase out of the train window.When the prisoners burst into song, the prison warden was frightened.The spaceship left the launching-pad and rose majestically, soon becoming a little dot.The whole area is now dotted with factories.The company has camp-sites dotted around the country.Young people are more likely to rebel against old traditions.He was quite a rebel even when he was a boy.He declared that all the rebels would be pardoned if they laid down their arms.。

6-Unit-3-Groundless-Beliefs

接着深入探讨分析，分别论述了毫无根据的观点的五种不同来源。

最后，作者深化主题、鼓励读者以清晰、理性的方式来思考问题，勇于承认事实，并不惜代价追求真理以避免形成毫无根据的观点。

学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。

要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。

杨立民《现代大学英语精读(4)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Uni

Unit 10一、词汇短语Text Aprominent [] adj. 突出的，杰出的；突起的，凸出的【例句】A single tree in a field is prominent. 田地里一棵孤零零的树是很显眼的。

【助记】pro（向前）＋min（突出）＋ent（形容词后缀）→向前突出→显著的【派生】prominence n. 突出；显著；突出物；卓越fascinate [] v. 使着迷，使神魂颠倒，入迷【例句】Anything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。

【词组】be fascinated by被…迷住【助记】fasc（看作fast牢固的）＋in（里面的）＋ate→牢牢地困在里边→迷住，强烈地吸引【派生】fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的fascinated adj. 着迷的；被深深吸引的fascination n. 魅力；魔力；入迷posit [] vt. 安置；假定n. 假设；设想【例句】If she needs salvation, she will posit a savior. 如果她需要救助，她就会设想一个救助者。

napalm [] n. 凝固汽油；凝固汽油弹；汽油胶化剂interstellar [] adj. [航] [天] 星际的【例句】We will be interested in the heat capacity of interstellar gases. 我们感兴趣的是星际气体的热容量。

stratosphere [] n. 同温层；最上层；最高阶段【例句】This was enough to launch their careers into the stratosphere. 这足够将他们的事业推上顶峰了。

astronaut [] n. 太空人，宇航员【例句】He is an American astronaut. 他是美国宇航员。

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a shadow of
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Exercise
• Translate the following sentences into English, using words in the brackets.
– 如今，在他们生活的城市，农民工很少被当成市民看待。(class) – Yet few of migrant workers are even classed as citizens of the city where they
Aristotle vs. Galileo’s
• Why was Galileo able to prove Aristotle wrong? • What lesson shall we learn from Galileo’s experiment?
Warming up Check-on Preview
be based on
the slightest trace of proof
These groundless believes are either based on tradition or on somebody’s strong claims which are not supported by the slightest trace of proof.
Main Idea
➢ What does the author advocate in the first sentence? ➢ Have you ever asked yourself these questions? ➢ Can you give examples of groundless beliefs which rest
live. – 一个国家的实力不只是取决于经济发展；它至少在相同的程度上有赖于其
教育水平。（rest upon) – The strength of a country does not rest upon economic development alone; it
rests upon education, at least to the same extent. – 我们明确地知道，人的生命从何时开始。(a shadow of…) – We know, without a shadow of a doubt, when human life begins。
Background
Author
Quotations from Mander’s book
• The trouble with most folks is not so much their ignorance, as their "knowing" so many things which ain't so.
inquiring mind Discuss how to develop such a mind
WB TR
Text Analysis Structure
I. The Introduction (para. 1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs
II. The body (paras. 2–24): Types/Causes of groundless beliefs
1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3) 2. Parroting. (paras. 4–13) 3. Self-interest (paras. 14–17) 4. Sentimental associations (paras. 18–19) 5. Fashion (paras. 20–24) III. The conclusion (para. 25): The writer’s praise of
Detailed Analysis
Unit 3
Text Analysis
WB TR
Text Analysis Theme
Understand the sources of groundless beliefs
Develop the alert to groundless beliefs Emphasize the importance of a curious,
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Roman Catholic ✓In order to be saved, all persons who have attained the use of reason must believe explicitly that God exists and that he rewards the good and punishes the wicked. ✓The Church is the congregation of all baptized persons, under the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff and the bishops in communion with him. ✓We find the chief truths taught by Jesus Christ through the Catholic Church in the Apostles' Creed.
Warming up Objectives
• Call attention to groundless beliefs • Understand the causes of groundless beliefs • Discuss the importance of inquisition • Consider the strategies against groundless
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part II: Types/Causes of groundless beliefs (paras. 2–24) Section 1. Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3)
beliefs • Encourage students to actively identify
groundless beliefs in life • Appreciate the logic structure
WB TR
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Author
Background
Groundless Beliefs
A. E. Mander
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
Groundless Beliefs
Unit 3
Questions / Objectives
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Words & Expressions
Words
Phrases
Sentence Pattern
class
come across meet with
What reason have we for doing…
rest upon(on)
Warming up
WB TR
Warming up Questions / Activities
Are carrots a rabbit’s favorite? How do you know?
WB TR
Questions / Activities Warming up
Lesson 6 – Groundless Beliefs
➢ How can a simple “suggestion” become a “belief”?
✓ …uncritically we accepted and believed it. ✓ …we didn’t have the power of questioning.
➢ How shall we deal with the beliefs developed in early childhood?
➢What are the words used by the author in referring to groundless “beliefs”? --- propositions, assumptions, dogma, opinion ➢According to the author where do these beliefs come from? --- from other people: family, friends, media, tradition, interest groups, etc. ➢Why do we tend to accept these beliefs? --- “suggestion”, self-interest, sentimental associations, Fashion ➢Why do we have to be on guard against them? --- most of them are irrational; they are _________ rather than thought. --- once they become so s________ in they prevent us from accepting new ideas.
rational thinkers
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis

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