英语平行结构和比较结构 PPT课件
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第3课时—平行结构
to form the mud or clay into bricks
and,
平行标志
不l in mud mortar
不定式
•
Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose sanctions. A. by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose B. by the United States government's satisfaction, impose C. with the United States government's being satisfied, imposing D. to the United States government's satisfaction, impose E. to the United States government's satisfaction, imposing
begin trade negotiations with that country,
and,
写作课件English Writing Course之平行结构22页PPT
写作课件English Writing Course之平行结 构
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
谢谢！
51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
55、 为 中 华 之 崛起而 读书。 ——周 恩来
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
谢谢！
51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
55、 为 中 华 之 崛起而 读书。 ——周 恩来
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
句子平行结构ppt课件
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用句号分隔；用分号分隔；用并列连词连 接；用连接副词连接；使用从句。
• The girls scored higher in math. The boys scored higher in verbal skills.
• The girls scored higher in math; the boys scored higher in verbal skills.
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句子的基本特点：在语法和逻辑上是一个完 整的意义表达单位。有完整的主谓结构（至 少有一个主语和谓语）
• 1. Since there is a lack of interest. There is a great lack of information.
• 2. I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
• 3. Jane is young, enthusiastic and she has talent.
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Sentence Structure Problems
• 1. Sentence Fragments 残缺句 • 2. Run-On Sentence 接排句 • 3. Misplaced Modifiers 误置修饰语 • 4. Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
• He only suggested them, he didn’t insist on
them.
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Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语
要注意悬垂修饰语要与主语有逻辑关系
• Looking up at the sky, the sun went under a cloud.
高中英语语法——比较结构(42张)ppt课件
3. Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used.
考点五： 在 more … than 构造中， than 有时可看作 关系代词，相当于than what…
1. There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what…) 人们不应该像今天这样担忧害怕患上癌症。
Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.
考点四：
最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所 以比较的范围自然是少不了。普通表示地方 用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of. ( 即the +最高级＋in /of …)
3. A whale is __n_o__m__o_rea fish __t_h_a_n_a horse is.
(= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)
[译文]鲸和马都不是鱼。(鲸之非鱼类，正如 马之非鱼类。)
4. They will _n_o_m__o_r_e__sell their freedom for roubles _t_h_a_n_for dollars.
Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as, those outside the pinelands.
3. This is the same car that I rode on yesterday. 这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。 4. This is the same car as I rode on yesterday. 这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。
考点五： 在 more … than 构造中， than 有时可看作 关系代词，相当于than what…
1. There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what…) 人们不应该像今天这样担忧害怕患上癌症。
Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.
考点四：
最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所 以比较的范围自然是少不了。普通表示地方 用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of. ( 即the +最高级＋in /of …)
3. A whale is __n_o__m__o_rea fish __t_h_a_n_a horse is.
(= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)
[译文]鲸和马都不是鱼。(鲸之非鱼类，正如 马之非鱼类。)
4. They will _n_o_m__o_r_e__sell their freedom for roubles _t_h_a_n_for dollars.
Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as, those outside the pinelands.
3. This is the same car that I rode on yesterday. 这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。 4. This is the same car as I rode on yesterday. 这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。
英语比较句型(同级比较、两者比较、最高级) ppt课件
The number of people who lost homes reaches as many as 250,000.
失去家园的人数多达25万。
That’s as much as to say he was a thief. 那无异于说他曾是个小偷。
4. as far as就……而言，尽……
英语比较句型
PPT课件
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原级的句型
① “as +原级形容词/副词+as”的结构，表示前 后两者的情况一样
1）“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+ B
eg. Bill is as funny as his father. My handwriting is as beautiful as yours. 我
As far as I know, he’ll be away for three months.
就我所知，他将离开三个月。
We will help you as far as we can. 我们会尽力帮助你。
PPT课件
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5. as long as只要
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.
你去哪儿都可以，只要你在天黑前返回。
You will be happy as long as I am living. 只要我活着，你就会幸福。
6. as often as每当，每次
As often as he came, he would stay with us for a time.
每次他来，总要和我们呆上一阵子。
eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom 比Mike稍高一点；
英语学习汉英平行结构对比与翻译PPT课件
Books are the best friends of mine. They provide me with a key to the door out of ignorance and into a new horizon. They never turn their backs upon me when I am in need. Books are my sweet heart in youth, companion and comforter in age.
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2）短语平行
短语平行是指结构相同或相似的介词短语 ﹑动词短语﹑分词短语﹑不定式短语等词组 并列而构成的平行结构，可使语义层层推进， 极具感染力。 如：
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短语平行举例
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足 以长才
3. 您所拨打的用户心已欠费,爱已停机,感情不在服务区，请您不要再拨。
第8页/共47页
C→E Translation
1.The festival is coming, so I’d like t o send you my best wishes. I wish you to have a smooth operation ev erywhere, to enjoy a better life ou t and in, to win lottery time and ag ain, to have a good luck day by da y, to get younger and younger an d to become more and more hand
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第15页/共47页
2）短语平行
短语平行是指结构相同或相似的介词短语 ﹑动词短语﹑分词短语﹑不定式短语等词组 并列而构成的平行结构，可使语义层层推进， 极具感染力。 如：
16
第16页/共47页
短语平行举例
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足 以长才
3. 您所拨打的用户心已欠费,爱已停机,感情不在服务区，请您不要再拨。
第8页/共47页
C→E Translation
1.The festival is coming, so I’d like t o send you my best wishes. I wish you to have a smooth operation ev erywhere, to enjoy a better life ou t and in, to win lottery time and ag ain, to have a good luck day by da y, to get younger and younger an d to become more and more hand
2023届高考英语复习比较结构课件
No Image
No Image
Usage: more…than
➢more/less/ fewer+ noun+ than e.g. She has written more essays than hers. e.g. There is less alcohol in this bottle than in that one.
Usage: as…as
Structure: as+adj./adv.+as…
Jessie is 160cm tall. Jannie is also 160cm tall. Janine is as tall as Jessie.
160cm
Usage: as…as
The train was crowded yesterday. It is equally crowed today. The train is as crowded today as yesterday.
Usage: as…as
Another way we use …as…as…
twice as…as 2x
three times as…as 3x
four times as…as 4x
etc. __x
Usage: as…as
➢Tim’s grandpa is 10 times as old as Tim. ➢The red shoes are three times as expensive as the
Definition and Usage:(less than) to a lesser degree
Negative form: less than Stucture: less than+adj/adv ➢ We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. ➢ The young man is less than 20 years old.
4.3.比较结构的翻译 PPT课件
children were immediately taken into care.
Notes:
Sample
1. intoxicated: affected (as if) by aluilding or part of a building 3. syringe: 注射器
1) His grammar is no better than mine.
他的语法同我的一样糟。
2) He’s no more fit to be a priest than I am!
他和我一样完全不适合当牧师。
3
翻译技巧——比较结构的翻译
1.3 no less... than/nothing less than 并不劣于，同等 1) The joke is no less funny because it is so often used.
• 邂逅这样一个大美人，他激动万分。
• 5. Music whose meaning is slightly different with each hearing has a greater chance of remaining alive.
• (1) 每次聆听时意义略有不同的音乐则有 更大的可能长久不衰。
2) —"Leave me alone!" my father snarled. —If he had clubbed me over the head, I could not have been more hurt.
——“不要吵我！”我父亲喊道。 ——他就是用棍棒打我头，也不会比这更令我难受。
12
murder and armed robbery.
A caller rang Crimestoppers with precise details about
比较级及比较结构ppt
More / less 还可用作代词，与某些可等 级名词(gradable noun)搭配
He is more / less of a sportsman than his brother. = He is more / less sportsmanlike than his brother.☺
比较级范围不表示的情况：
John is a more efficient worker than Jack. 转换为：名词词组 + more … than 结构
John is a worker more efficient than Jack.
定冠词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + of – 词 组(只用于两者之间的比较）
John is the brighter of the two boys.
在一定上下文中
A: Six juicy oranges, please. B: These are our juiciest.
有些最高级结构并不是和其他事物相 比
Please accept my deepest gratitude. I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.
☺读起来调核（nucleus）位置不同： 变体中，名词；基本形式，形容词。
@不定冠词+单数名词 or 零冠词+不可数名词☺
①的使用没有②那样频繁。 有时，①听起来不够自然，另一种方法： This street is less wide than that one. This street is narrower than that one.
Bill speaks French less well than he writes it. Bill speaks French worse than he writes it.
He is more / less of a sportsman than his brother. = He is more / less sportsmanlike than his brother.☺
比较级范围不表示的情况：
John is a more efficient worker than Jack. 转换为：名词词组 + more … than 结构
John is a worker more efficient than Jack.
定冠词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + of – 词 组(只用于两者之间的比较）
John is the brighter of the two boys.
在一定上下文中
A: Six juicy oranges, please. B: These are our juiciest.
有些最高级结构并不是和其他事物相 比
Please accept my deepest gratitude. I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.
☺读起来调核（nucleus）位置不同： 变体中，名词；基本形式，形容词。
@不定冠词+单数名词 or 零冠词+不可数名词☺
①的使用没有②那样频繁。 有时，①听起来不够自然，另一种方法： This street is less wide than that one. This street is narrower than that one.
Bill speaks French less well than he writes it. Bill speaks French worse than he writes it.
英语平行结构和比较结构【优质PPT】
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1. Tom is tall _w_h_il_e_____ his brother is short.
2. She got up early,_b_u_t _____ she failed to be there on time.
3. It is not wrong of people to pursue wealth; ___ye_t ____, they should also try to learn to fulfill their knowledge.
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• 常见的并列连词有： 1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…,
neither…nor…, not… but… 2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise,
whether...or 3. 转折对比关系: but, yet, whereas, while, still 4. 因果关系：so, for 5. 并列关系：and, when
• Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.
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• 3. not only…but (also)…不仅……而且……
• not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也
• as well as和
• …and…as well和
• Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.
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三、表示转折和对比意义的并列 连词
• but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却） 等
强调句型, 平行结构,错综时态的虚拟语气,比较级,in that结构,what 结构,make结构, 句法结构
强调句型, 平行结构，错综时态的虚拟语气，比较级，in that结构，what 结构，make结构,句法结构(1) 强调句型的基本结构形式为: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子的其余部分。
如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等), 用It is ... that ...。
强调部分可以强调主语、宾语和状语，不能强调谓语和定语；强调人使用who 或者that, 其他的只能用that (即使是时间和地点)，who 和that绝对不能省略如果原句是过去时态，强调句型使用it was.，例如：原句：Ann bought these books last year.强调宾语：It was these books that Ann bought last year.强调状语：It was last year that Ann bought these books.1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are.A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it2. It was between 1989 and 1999 ________ great changes took place in our hometown.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. because3. Was________his illness________he d idn’t go to see the film?A. necessary; whenB. that important of; whyC. even if; forD. it because of; that4. Was________that I saw last night at the corner?A. it youB. not youC. youD. that yourself5. It was not until 1920________regular radio broadcast began.A. whileB. whichC. thatD. since6. It was because of bad weather________the football match had to be put off.A. soB. so thatC. whyD. that7. Was it during the Second World War________he died?A. thatB. whileC. in whichD. then8. It was ________ he said ________ disappointed me.A. what; thatB. that; thatC. what; whatD. that; what9. It was about 600 years ago________the first clock with an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when10. ________is no possibility________Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether A(2) 平行结构: 连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both …and, neither …nor, either …or, not only …but (also), rather than,as…as等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
英语平行结构和比较结构
food for ourselves.
编辑课件
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• 2. both A and B • 这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成
分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。
• The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
• Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.
• He was not feeling well, yet he kept on until it was done.
• China is rich in natural resources, while Japan
is poor.
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四、表示因果关系的并列连词
• so（因此，所以），for（因为）
• 从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语 从句。
编辑课件
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并列结构的连接手段
• １）并列连词 • ２）标点符号 • ３）并列结构的插入语 • 在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这
个项目处于更加突出的地位。 • ４）并列结构的对称组合 • 成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
编辑课件
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• 常见的并列连词有： 1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, not… but… 2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise,
可以采用倒装形式。 • Einstein cared for neither money nor fame.
You can neither take it out nor photocopy it. • *在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。 • You can never take it out or photocopy it.
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Paired conjunctions Directions: Add is or are to each sentence
• 1.Both the teacher and the student _a_r_e_ here. • 2.Neither the teacher nor the student _i_s _here. • 3.Not only the teacher but also the students
2. She got up early,_b_u_t _____ she failed to be there on time.
3. It is not wrong of people to pursue wealth; ___ye_t ____, they should also try to learn to fulfill their knowledge.
英语平行结构和比较结构 Parallelism & Comparison
一、平行结构, 即并列结构：由并列连词连 接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。
• 连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成 分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句 与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列 连词和从属连词。
• 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
• but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却） 等
• After a busy day, I felt tired but happy. • Difficulties will arise in the course of reforming，
but we will certainly overcome them. • He was not feeling well, yet he kept on until it
• Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
• Have one more try, or you won’t be successful.
• Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.
三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词
• Hijackers and kidnappers offer two equally impossible alternatives: a refusal to meet their terms may mean death for their victims; meeting their terms may mean more victims in the future.
• 在某些连接性副词如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore 等之前 通常要用分号，而不用逗号。
• He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.
• 2. or或者，大约，否则，不然 • either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就
是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式)
• Do you stay at home alone or go to theatre with me?
• You’ll have to wait one or two days before you know the result.
• 2. both A and B • 这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成
分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。
• The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
• Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.
5. Either you can do it by yourself,_o_r ____ you can ask someone else to help you.
6. Do you have a table for two? ----I’m sorry,_b_ut___ there aren’t any seats now.
• 从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语 从句。
并列结构的连接手段
• １）并列连词 • ２）标点符号 • ３）并列结构的插入语 • 在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这
个项目处于更加突出的地位。 • ４）并列结构的对称组合 • 成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
• 常见的并列连词有： 1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…,
__a_re__ here.
Error Analysis: Paired Conjunctions
• 1.Either John will call Mary or Bob. • 1.John will call either Mary or Bob. • 2.Not only Sue saw the mouse but also the cat. • 2.Sue saw not only the mouse but also the cat. • 3.I enjoy not only reading novels but also magazines. • 3.I enjoy reading not only novels but also magazines. • 4.Oxygen is plentiful. Both air contains oxygen and
neither…nor…, not… but… 2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise,
whether...or 3. 转折对比关系: but, yet, whereas, while, still 4. 因果关系：so, for 5. 并列关系：and, when
一、表示平行、递进关系的连词
4. Someone must be coming , _fo_r____ the dog is barking .
5. That was our first lesson, _s_o_____ she didn’t know all our names.
1. One day John was late, _a_nd____ his missed the first class.
• 1. A and B • And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，
使上下文联系更紧密。 • The fabric is light and strong. • I like reading and fishing in my spare time. This
model of the computer is powerful, and the price is competitive. • It was a severe winter. And we had not enough food for ourselves.
head teacher called him to the office. • *so不能与because同时出现在同一句中。
For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进 行推断，因此for引导的句子不能用于句首。
1. Tom is tall _w_h_il_e _____ his brother is short.
2. Not only did he speak more correctly, _bu_t_al_so_he spoke more easily.
3. The children can go with us, _o_r __ they can stay at home.
4. You must tell the truth, __o_r______ you will be punished.
可以采用倒装形式。 • Einstein cared for neither money nor fame.
You can neither take it out nor photocopy it. • *在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。 • You can never take it out or photocopy it.
• 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词， 分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句 子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词 结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。
• 比如下面句子就违反了平行结构的准则： • Do some nice things for your parents that they
• 两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构， 在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感 觉。
• Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering.
• 有时也可全用逗号，在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、 急促、明快、利落的感觉。
• 3. not only…but (also)…不仅……而且…… • not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也 • as well as和 • …and…as well和 • * not only…but (also)…结构侧重在后者，而
as well as侧重在前者。
• Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us.
• 除了逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连词的作用。
• 分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示对比关系。