英语平行结构和比较结构 PPT课件
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head teacher called him to the office. • *so不能与because同时出现在同一句中。
For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进 行推断，因此for引导的句子不来自百度文库用于句首。
1. Tom is tall _w_h_il_e _____ his brother is short.
• 两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构， 在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感 觉。
• Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering.
• 有时也可全用逗号，在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、 急促、明快、利落的感觉。
was done. • China is rich in natural resources, while Japan
is poor.
四、表示因果关系的并列连词
• so（因此，所以），for（因为） • Many directors were absent, so the meeting
had to be postponed. • He must have done something wrong, for the
• 2. or或者，大约，否则，不然 • either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就
是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式)
• Do you stay at home alone or go to theatre with me?
• You’ll have to wait one or two days before you know the result.
• but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却） 等
• After a busy day, I felt tired but happy. • Difficulties will arise in the course of reforming，
but we will certainly overcome them. • He was not feeling well, yet he kept on until it
• 从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语 从句。
并列结构的连接手段
• １）并列连词 • ２）标点符号 • ３）并列结构的插入语 • 在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这
个项目处于更加突出的地位。 • ４）并列结构的对称组合 • 成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
• 常见的并列连词有： 1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…,
• It is said that he can fly a plane as well as drive a car.
• She can play pop music and classical music as well.
二、表示选择关系的连词
• 1. neither A nor B • 这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子
• 除了逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连词的作用。
• 分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示对比关系。
• Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.
• 用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对 上文的解释和发挥。
• 1. A and B • And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，
使上下文联系更紧密。 • The fabric is light and strong. • I like reading and fishing in my spare time. This
model of the computer is powerful, and the price is competitive. • It was a severe winter. And we had not enough food for ourselves.
5. Either you can do it by yourself,_o_r ____ you can ask someone else to help you.
6. Do you have a table for two? ----I’m sorry,_b_ut___ there aren’t any seats now.
• From a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous racing drive; however, he was about thirty feet from the pool at the time.
二、 对连接词连接的成分要求：形式对称； 功能相同（充当同样的句子成分），时态平衡。
• Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
• Have one more try, or you won’t be successful.
• Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.
三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词
neither…nor…, not… but… 2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise,
whether...or 3. 转折对比关系: but, yet, whereas, while, still 4. 因果关系：so, for 5. 并列关系：and, when
一、表示平行、递进关系的连词
• Hijackers and kidnappers offer two equally impossible alternatives: a refusal to meet their terms may mean death for their victims; meeting their terms may mean more victims in the future.
4. Someone must be coming , _fo_r____ the dog is barking .
5. That was our first lesson, _s_o_____ she didn’t know all our names.
1. One day John was late, _a_nd____ his missed the first class.
water. • 4.Oxygen is plentiful. Both air and water contain
oxygen.
并列结构的标点符号
• 由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后 一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间用逗 号连接。
• There are five types of discharge from military service: honorable, general, undesirable, bad conduct, and dishonorable.
2. Not only did he speak more correctly, _bu_t_al_so_he spoke more easily.
3. The children can go with us, _o_r __ they can stay at home.
4. You must tell the truth, __o_r______ you will be punished.
英语平行结构和比较结构 Parallelism & Comparison
一、平行结构, 即并列结构：由并列连词连 接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。
• 连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成 分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句 与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列 连词和从属连词。
• 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
• 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词， 分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句 子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词 结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。
• 比如下面句子就违反了平行结构的准则： • Do some nice things for your parents that they
Paired conjunctions Directions: Add is or are to each sentence
• 1.Both the teacher and the student _a_r_e_ here. • 2.Neither the teacher nor the student _i_s _here. • 3.Not only the teacher but also the students
可以采用倒装形式。 • Einstein cared for neither money nor fame.
You can neither take it out nor photocopy it. • *在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。 • You can never take it out or photocopy it.
• 在某些连接性副词如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore 等之前 通常要用分号，而不用逗号。
• He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.
__a_re__ here.
Error Analysis: Paired Conjunctions
• 1.Either John will call Mary or Bob. • 1.John will call either Mary or Bob. • 2.Not only Sue saw the mouse but also the cat. • 2.Sue saw not only the mouse but also the cat. • 3.I enjoy not only reading novels but also magazines. • 3.I enjoy reading not only novels but also magazines. • 4.Oxygen is plentiful. Both air contains oxygen and
2. She got up early,_b_u_t _____ she failed to be there on time.
3. It is not wrong of people to pursue wealth; ___ye_t ____, they should also try to learn to fulfill their knowledge.
• 3. not only…but (also)…不仅……而且…… • not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也 • as well as和 • …and…as well和 • * not only…but (also)…结构侧重在后者，而
as well as侧重在前者。
• Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us.
• 2. both A and B • 这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成
分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。
• The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
• Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.
For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进 行推断，因此for引导的句子不来自百度文库用于句首。
1. Tom is tall _w_h_il_e _____ his brother is short.
• 两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构， 在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感 觉。
• Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering.
• 有时也可全用逗号，在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、 急促、明快、利落的感觉。
was done. • China is rich in natural resources, while Japan
is poor.
四、表示因果关系的并列连词
• so（因此，所以），for（因为） • Many directors were absent, so the meeting
had to be postponed. • He must have done something wrong, for the
• 2. or或者，大约，否则，不然 • either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就
是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式)
• Do you stay at home alone or go to theatre with me?
• You’ll have to wait one or two days before you know the result.
• but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却） 等
• After a busy day, I felt tired but happy. • Difficulties will arise in the course of reforming，
but we will certainly overcome them. • He was not feeling well, yet he kept on until it
• 从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语 从句。
并列结构的连接手段
• １）并列连词 • ２）标点符号 • ３）并列结构的插入语 • 在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这
个项目处于更加突出的地位。 • ４）并列结构的对称组合 • 成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
• 常见的并列连词有： 1、表递进关系：and, not only…but also…,
• It is said that he can fly a plane as well as drive a car.
• She can play pop music and classical music as well.
二、表示选择关系的连词
• 1. neither A nor B • 这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子
• 除了逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连词的作用。
• 分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示对比关系。
• Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.
• 用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对 上文的解释和发挥。
• 1. A and B • And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，
使上下文联系更紧密。 • The fabric is light and strong. • I like reading and fishing in my spare time. This
model of the computer is powerful, and the price is competitive. • It was a severe winter. And we had not enough food for ourselves.
5. Either you can do it by yourself,_o_r ____ you can ask someone else to help you.
6. Do you have a table for two? ----I’m sorry,_b_ut___ there aren’t any seats now.
• From a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous racing drive; however, he was about thirty feet from the pool at the time.
二、 对连接词连接的成分要求：形式对称； 功能相同（充当同样的句子成分），时态平衡。
• Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
• Have one more try, or you won’t be successful.
• Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.
三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词
neither…nor…, not… but… 2. 选择关系：or，either…or…, otherwise,
whether...or 3. 转折对比关系: but, yet, whereas, while, still 4. 因果关系：so, for 5. 并列关系：and, when
一、表示平行、递进关系的连词
• Hijackers and kidnappers offer two equally impossible alternatives: a refusal to meet their terms may mean death for their victims; meeting their terms may mean more victims in the future.
4. Someone must be coming , _fo_r____ the dog is barking .
5. That was our first lesson, _s_o_____ she didn’t know all our names.
1. One day John was late, _a_nd____ his missed the first class.
water. • 4.Oxygen is plentiful. Both air and water contain
oxygen.
并列结构的标点符号
• 由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后 一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间用逗 号连接。
• There are five types of discharge from military service: honorable, general, undesirable, bad conduct, and dishonorable.
2. Not only did he speak more correctly, _bu_t_al_so_he spoke more easily.
3. The children can go with us, _o_r __ they can stay at home.
4. You must tell the truth, __o_r______ you will be punished.
英语平行结构和比较结构 Parallelism & Comparison
一、平行结构, 即并列结构：由并列连词连 接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。
• 连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成 分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句 与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列 连词和从属连词。
• 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
• 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词， 分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句 子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词 结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。
• 比如下面句子就违反了平行结构的准则： • Do some nice things for your parents that they
Paired conjunctions Directions: Add is or are to each sentence
• 1.Both the teacher and the student _a_r_e_ here. • 2.Neither the teacher nor the student _i_s _here. • 3.Not only the teacher but also the students
可以采用倒装形式。 • Einstein cared for neither money nor fame.
You can neither take it out nor photocopy it. • *在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。 • You can never take it out or photocopy it.
• 在某些连接性副词如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore 等之前 通常要用分号，而不用逗号。
• He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.
__a_re__ here.
Error Analysis: Paired Conjunctions
• 1.Either John will call Mary or Bob. • 1.John will call either Mary or Bob. • 2.Not only Sue saw the mouse but also the cat. • 2.Sue saw not only the mouse but also the cat. • 3.I enjoy not only reading novels but also magazines. • 3.I enjoy reading not only novels but also magazines. • 4.Oxygen is plentiful. Both air contains oxygen and
2. She got up early,_b_u_t _____ she failed to be there on time.
3. It is not wrong of people to pursue wealth; ___ye_t ____, they should also try to learn to fulfill their knowledge.
• 3. not only…but (also)…不仅……而且…… • not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也 • as well as和 • …and…as well和 • * not only…but (also)…结构侧重在后者，而
as well as侧重在前者。
• Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us.
• 2. both A and B • 这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成
分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。
• The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
• Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.