c#外文文献以及翻译,DOC

WhereC#FitsIn

Inonesense,C#istot heWindowsenvironment.JustasMicrosofthasbeenaddingmoreandmorefeaturestoWindo wsandtheWindowsAPIoverthepastdecade,VisualBasicandC++haveundergoneexpansio n.AlthoughVisualBasicandC++haveendedupashugelypowerfullanguagesasaresultofthi s,bothlanguagesalsosufferfromproblemsduetothelegaciesofhowtheyhaveevolved. InthecaseofVisualBasic6andearlier,themainstrengthofthelanguagewasthefactthatitw assimpletounderstandanddidn’tmakemanyprogram mingtaskseasy,largelyhidingthedeta ilsoftheWindowsAPIandtheCOMcomponentinfrastructurefromthedeveloper.Thedown

,anddesignedwithacleanslate.VisualC#.NETisther esult.Officially,MicrosoftdescribesC#asa“simple,modern,object-oriented,andtype-safe programminglanguagederivedfrom

CandC++.”Mostindependentobserverswouldprobablychangethatto“derivedfromC,C+ +,andJava.”Suchdescriptionsaretechnicallyaccuratebutdolittletoconveythebeautyorele ganceofthelanguage.Syntactically,C#isverysimilartobothC++andJava,tosuchanextentt hatmanykeywordsarethesame,andC#alsosharesthesameblockstructurewithbraces({})to markblocksofcode,andsemicolonstoseparatestatements.ThefirstimpressionofapieceofC #codeisthatitlooksquitelikeC++orJavacode.Behindthatinitialsimilarity,however,C#isal oteasiertolearnthanC++,andofcomparabledifficultytoJava.Itsdesignismoreintunewithm

oderndevelopertoolsthanbothofthoseotherlanguages,andithasbeendesignedtogiveus,si multaneously,theeaseofuseofVisualBasic,andthehighperformance,low-levelmemoryac cessofC++ifrequired.SomeofthefeaturesofC#are:

❑

Fullsupportforclassesandobject-orientedprogramming,includingbothinterfaceandimple mentation

inheritance,virtualfunctions,andoperatoroverloading.

❑Aconsistentandwell-definedsetofbasictypes.

❑Built-insupportforautomaticgenerationofXMLdocumentation.

❑Automaticcleanupofdynamicallyallocatedmemory.

Beforeweleavethesubject,weshouldpointoutacoupleoflimitationsofC#.Theoneareathela nguageisnotdesignedforistime-criticalorextremelyhighperformancecode—thekindwhe reyoureallyareworriedaboutwhetheralooptakes1,000or1,050machinecyclestorunthroug h,andyouneedtocleanupyourresourcesthemillisecondtheyarenolongerneeded.C++islike lytocontinuetoreignsupremeamonglow-levellanguagesinthisarea.C#lackscertainkeyfac ilitiesneededforextremelyhighperformanceapps,includingtheabilitytospecifyinlinefunc tionsanddestructorsthatareguaranteedtorunatparticularpointsinthecode.However,thepro portionsofapplicationsthatfallintothiscategoryareverylow.

出处：ProfessionalC#ThirdEdition

作者：SimonRobinson

ChristianNagel

JayGlynn

MorganSkinner

KarliWatson

BASIC的早期版本(BASIC主要是为了让初学者更容易理解，而不是为了编写大型商业应用程序)，所以不能真正成为结构化或面向对象的编程语言。

另一方面，C++在ANSIC++语言定义中有其自己的根。它与ANSI 不完全兼容，因为Microsoft是在ANSI定义标准化之前编写C++编