饮食文化词汇及谚语

饮食文化（CateringCulture）及谚语(proverb)

烹调术cookery

色、香、味color，aroma and taste 佐料seasoning 刀功slicing technique 清炒plain-frying 煸stir-frying

爆quick-frying

炸deep-frying

煎pan-frying

焙roasting

清蒸steaming

氽quick-boiling

熏smoking

腌salting

食谱recipe

回锅肉twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce

炸猪排fried pork chop

北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck

什锦炒蔬stir-fried mixed vegetables

酸辣汤hot and sour soup

鸡茸蘑菇汤cream of mushroom with chicken

主食staple food

馒头steamed bread

米饭steamed rice

扬州炒饭Yangchow fried rice

冷面cold noodle

炒米粉fried ground rice noodles

炸酱面noodles with fried brown sauce paste

油条fried twisted stick

锅贴pan-fried dumping

花卷steamed twisted roll

小笼包子steamed meat dumpling

粽子rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves

黑啤dark beer

黄酒/花雕酒yellow rice wine

烈酒spitits/ strong liquor

白干white liquor

佐餐酒table wine

（酒）加冰块的on the rocks

（酒）不加冰块的straight up

小啜sip

矿泉水mineral water

红茶black tea

清咖啡black coffee

全脂/脱脂奶whole/skim milk

酸奶yoghurt

粟子chestnut

马蹄梨water chestnut

莲子lotus seed

藕lotus root

猕猴桃kiwi fruit

山楂haw (= hawthorn)

枣Chinese date

餐前开胃点心appretizer

主菜main course

附菜side dish

餐后甜食dessert

什锦色拉mixed fruit salad with ham

什锦水果圣代mixed fruit sundae

民族风味餐ethnic food

小吃snack

冷盘cold dish

点心pastry

餐桌圆转盘Lazy Susan

PRACTICE

Translate the following passage into English

评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的好道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还包括所选原料的新鲜成度以及佐料的合理搭配。“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀功。色、香、味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。

谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句，常为人们所引用。千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流，往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越疆界，广为流传于其它民族。许多谚语流传甚广，早已为我们所熟知。因此，谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型，一种是“形同意合”的口译，第二种是“形似意合”的口译，第三种是“形异意合”的口译。

一、形似意合的谚语

1. A new broom sweeps clean.

新官上任三把火。

2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.

殊途同归。

3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.

种瓜得瓜，和豆得豆。

4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.

燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。

5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.

身正不怕影儿斜。

6. A word spoken is past recalling.

一言既出，驷马难追。

7. Beat the dog before the lion.

杀鸡儆猴。

8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.

明枪易躲，暗箭难防。

9. Diamond cut diamond.

强中更有强中手。

10. Do one thing under cover of another.

明修栈道，暗度陈仓。

11. Dogs bite in every country.

天下乌鸦一般黑。

12. Every potter praises his pot.

王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。

13. Fine feathers make fine birds.

佛要金装，人要衣装。

14. Gifts blind the eyes.

拿了手短，吃了嘴软。

15. Good wine needs no bush.

酒香不怕巷子深。

16. Have a card up one’s sleeve.

胸有成竹。

17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.

挂羊头，卖狗肉。

18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.

杀鸡用牛刀。

19. In for a penny, in for a pound.

一不做，二不休。

20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.

宁为鸡首，不为牛后。

21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame.

宁可玉碎，不为瓦全。

22. Judge not a book by its cover.

人不可貌相，海不可斗量。

23. Kill two birds with one stone.

一箭双雕。/一石二鸟。

24. Let sleeping dogs lie.

勿打草惊蛇。

25. Love me, love my dog.

爱屋及屋。