语言学考试试题

一简答题

1、用x-bar的树画出有歧义句子的两层意思；

2、画出x-bar的树形图，解释adjunct 和compliment之间的区别；

3、Projection principle（in syntax）；

Projection principle :Lexical information (like theta roles)is syntactically represented at all levels;

4、Meaning postulates：use logic language to express sense relations；

Meaning postulates refer to formulas in which logical language is used to express lexical relations;

(a) Hyponymy, (b) Synonymy, (c) Antonymy;

5、Disjunction V（inclusive）和Ve(exclusive)的区别（在complex和compound sentence中）；

6、Theory of relevence：a dialogue is given, how many possible implications/assumptions of the second sentence by using theory of relevence. what is important factor in dealing with the right meaning?

Context

7、Levinson's Q,I,M Principles：what can you infer from the sentence and what principle is used in your inference?

二论述题

1、Raising construction and Control construction 的区别，he is willing/ likely to come；

he is willing to come (Subject control)- he is willing [PRO to come];

he is likely to come (Subject-to-subject raising);

2、Horn's Q & R Principle 的优缺点，make comments；

Q- and R- Principles 的优点：

（1）Laurence Horn reduces all Grice's CP maxims to two simpler principles, namely Q- and R- Principles；

（2）Q- and R- Principles are a set of principles that are indispensable and do not overlap at the same time。

Q- and R- Principles 的缺点：

（1）Horn‘ Q- and R- Principles are failing to draw a distinction between sematic minimization(语义最小化）and expression minimization（表达式最小化）；

（2）Horn's division of pragmatic labour(语用分工）which has nothing to do with quantity of information should be attributed to the maxim of Manner ,namely Stephen Levinson's M-Principle。

that's all for the questions, be well prepared and have a sweet year杨璐。