《现代大学英语听力3》__Unit_11_Business_(听力原文跟答案)

Unit 11 Business《现代大学英语听力3》听力原文及答案Task 1【答案】A.First, pay careful attention to dress—your appearance and be natural.Second, if it's a university application—have a clear idea of the subjects you wish to take and then of your possible career. And if it's a job interview, show that you're interested in the company itself before you actually get to the interview.Third, have at least one topic or hobby which you can really talk about, and show that you know a lot about.Fourth, don’t tell lies or t ry to cover up when you don't know something.Fifth, be on time; allow plenty of time to make the journey and find where you are going; don’t gush too much, keep to the point, and sound motivated for the job.B.1) Because it shows that you're interested, and also it’s very flattering to the organization itself.2) He wants to show the importance of having at least one topic or hobby which you can really talk about and you know a lot about at the job interview.3) He thinks that Bruce’s son was just lucky, that the interview happened to be interested in model planes.4) I’d like a moment to think about that; I hadn’t thought of that before.【原文】Edmund: What advice would you give a young person leaving school or university? So the aim is to have five—Bruce: Oh that's right. Five.Edmund: Five things, five bits of advice that you would give. Would you like to—?Bruce: Yeah, okay, I'll read mi ne out and see how many of them you have. “Pay careful attention to dress”—appearance, you know, generally speaking at the interview. I think that is very important.Elizabeth: Yeah. I've got that as my number one as well.Edmund: Yes. Yes. I hadn't put that one, but I do agree with you. But I think there's also—"You need to be yourself."Bruce: Yes. You mean natural, rather than putting on some sort of an act.Edmund: Yes. Yes.Bruce: I'd certainly agree with that.Edmund: It'd be very difficult to go through your working life living up to the image that you gave at your interview, if it isn't you.Bruce: Yeah. Yeah.Elizabeth: Right.Bruce: Yes. "Have a clear idea of the"—if it's a university one—"have a clear idea of the subjects you wish to take and then of your possible career." And if it's a job interview, "Show that you'reinterested in the company itself before you actually get to the interview."Edmund: Yes, find out a little about the organization, so you can make a comment.Bruce: Yeah. That mounts to the same thing really.Edmund: So, yes, it looks as if you're interested. And also it's very flattering to the organization. Bruce: Of course, indeed.Elizabeth: There always comes that moment when they say, "Well you know, Mr. Jones, that's the job as we see it. Would you like to ask us anything about it?" If you just sit there in absolute silence, you don't get the job.Bruce: That's it, exactly, yes. Third. "Have at least one topic or hobby which you can really talk about, and show that you know a lot about." 1 think that is important because, you know, if you get stuck, this is the sort of question which can be asked, and if you have no interests or hobbies or whatever you like to call them, then it shows you are a pretty dull sort of person. And t think it would go rather badly for you.Edmund: Yes.Bruce: Mm. I have one or two examples of that. My son went for an interview. He builds model planes. And in the course of the last few years he's become a real expert on them. So apparently, his interview lasted about thirty minutes and twenty-nine and a half were spent talking about model planes.Edmund: Did he get the job?Bruce: Oh yes, he got the position in university. So, it worked very well for him.Edmund: Yes, I'm sure there's an element of luck—that the interviewer was interested in model planes.Bruce: I don't think he was really lucky, no. I think he was trying to find out about things—he was picking up information all the time.Edmund: Have you got any others?Bruce: Yes. "Don't tell lies."Elizabeth: Mm. That's a good one.Bruce: You're sure to be found out. And you know, it's something to avoid I would think. Edmund: Yes. I think, something to include in that one is not to try and cover up when you don't know something, which isn't quite the same as telling a lie. I've found in interviews that it's actually better to say, I'd like a moment to think about that; I hadn't thought of that before; or I'd like a minute—to digest the information and think of an answer.Bruce: And finally—“Be on time."Edmund: Yes.Elizabeth: Yes. I've got that one, too.Edmund: Yes. I put "Do allow plenty of time to make the journey and find where you are going." Nerves, I think, can make you miss street signs.Bruce: Indeed, yes, That's true.Edmund: I've noticed that we've all been putting dos rather than don'ts.Elizabeth: Well I've got a don't here. Er, which is "Don't gush too much", which is like, you know, I think you can have, or be tempted to have a sort of verbal diarrhoea really. You know, in your interview, because you think the more I say the more they'll think I'm—and I think there's a danger of saying too much as well as too little.Edmund: Yes. And "Keep to the point."Bruce: That's fight.Edmund: I mean gushing can include getting right away from the subject that you're meant to be talking about.Elizabeth: Right.Bruce: That's true enough that, yes.Edmund: So we could also sum up a lot of our points as being self-discipline.Bruce: Yes. Yes. I would agree with that, certainly. Have you any others?Eliza beth: Well no. I mean three of mine were exactly the same as yours. I put “Sound motivated for the job”, but that's pretty obvious really, isn't it? I mean we've included that anyway. They all fall into the same sort of general category really.Bruce: That's interesting, yeah.Task 2【答案】A. 1) b) 2) a) 3) c)B.1) Because they are up against some strong competition in the printing industry and a lot of small businesses arefolding. If they don’t get better technology now, they could very likely go under as well.2) He thinks the changes will be costly, not only in equipment, but in training too.3) He wonders whether all this new technology is really making their lives easier. It seems to him they have created a vicious circle.C.1) f 2) g 3) b 4) I 5) h 6) d 7) c 8) a 9) e【原文】Manager: Oh Kim! Do you have a minute? I'd like to discuss a few things with you. As you know sales have been falling off over the past few months and; between you and me, things aren't looking very good.Kim: Well...Manager: Look, before you say anything, I'm not pointing the finger at you. I know you've suggested several times that we need to go in for better equipment, if we're going to hold our own in the industry. And I have to go along with you now; it's time to bite the bullet and invest in some better technology.Kim: That's great news. I'm sure it's the right move.Manager: Well, as you've pointed out, we're up against some strong competition in the printing industry and a lot of small businesses are folding. If we don't jump on the bandwagon now, we could very likely go under as well.Kim: I agree, absolutely. The thing is, you have to be at the cutting edge of change, if you want to stay in business these days.Manager: That's for sure. You know, I've been putting off making the changes because I know it'll be costly, not only in equipment, but in training too. But the bottom line is if we don't spend money, we won't make any.Kim: That's very true. So when do you think we'll start the changeover?Manager: The sooner the better, I suppose. There're some big changes to make and I'm not really looking forward to them. You know, I wonder whether all this new technology is really makingour lives easier. It seems to me we've created a vicious circle..,Kim: What do you mean?Manager: Well, technology's supposed to have given us more time and freedom but it seems we've become slaves to technology.Kim: Mm. I hadn't thought of it that way.Manager: But then maybe I just don't like change... It's mind-boggling the way technology is changing! No sooner do I get my head around something new, than it changes again!Kim: Well, I know what you mean but I think we have to go with the flow, whether we like it or not.Manager: I suppose so. Well, I'd better get the ball rolling. I'll start making some phone calls now.Task 3【答案】A.1) exporting company, private employer2) 86 hectares of land, 40 hectares, more than 80 soccer fields3) media representative, commercial airplane factory4) which operates 24 hours a day, seven days a weekB.1) These companies have all commissioned Boeing to make an airplane designed to fit their specific needs.2) Because they need to bring everybody together to make this one Boeing, and because they can't exclude partners, otherwise the partners would take their business elsewhere.3) It is an apparatus that resembles a giant spool, which holds the center of an aircraft and rotates.4) It is the first supersonic jet to zoom over an airfield, slow to a stop in the air and land straight down like a helicopter.【原文】The world's largest indoor facility is owned by the USA's No.1 exporting company. It's Boeing Company, Washington, just outside Seattle. The manufacturer of commercial aircraft has been identified with the state of Washington for 85 years and is the state's largest private employer. Robin Ruthley visited the Boeing plant and has more on "Seattle's city within a city".The dimensions of the Boeing commercial aircraft factory are so vast. They are almost hard to imagine. The rectangular building sits on 86 hectares of land. The building alone takes up almost 40 hectares, or if you can imagine, more than 80 soccer fields. Inside, there are airplanes in various stages of production. Kenya Airways, Continental, Thai Airways—companies that have all commissioned Boeing to make an airplane designed to fit their specific needs."All these parts come from all over the world and they arrive here and they are put together into one airplane. So amazing to watch it."Tom Ryan is Boeing's media representative for its commercial airplane factory. He says that because aviation is a global business, Boeing works with many international partners, who provide different services in the construction of the planes. "We work strongly with all our partners from all across the globe, whether they are over in the Far East or over in the UK or down under, because we need to bring everybody together to make this one Boeing really, because you can't exclude partners, otherwise they'll take their business elsewhere."Inside the factory, which operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, employees get around on bicycles. There are named streets and the plant even has its own fire department. In the middle of the floor is an apparatus that resembles a giant spool, which holds the center of an aircraft and rotates, so workers can operate without having to stand on top of it. In Washington, DC recently, Boeing completed another first in the design of its latest military warplane. The X-32B Joint Strike Fighter is the first supersonic jet to zoom over an airfield, slow to a stop in the air and land straight down like a helicopter. The first vertical-landing aircraft is part of a competition that Boeing has entered for a Pentagon contract worth 200 billion dollars, the biggest Pentagon contract in history.Task 4【答案】A. 1) b) 2) c)B.1) F 2) F 3) F 4) TC.1) Her problem was this: Mr. Thomas organized the office work in a new and different way, and it was becoming more difficult for her to do her job. And she also felt that Mr. Thomas wasn't very clear about what she was supposed to do.2) Because she had worked in the office for five years, and of course, she didn't want to lose her job because she couldn't get her job done. She also didn't want to quit her job because of the problems. She just wasn't content with the way the office was being run, and she needed to talk about it.3) He realized that it was a work problem, and he needed to find out if the other people in the office were having problems, too.4) Most managers do not want to hear people complain, and most employees are afraid to say what they feel.5) He means a way to talk where people aren't afraid something will happen to them if they tell the truth.【原文】Hello everyone. Today our lecture is going to be about business management. Specifically, I'm going to talk a little about managers, what makes someone a good manager. Okay? Now first, I'll describe a work situation for you, and then I'll explain one important management technique. Okay, let's begin. First, let's consider an office situation in the United States. Let's say that we have a company called the ABC company, and there's a new manager named Mr. Thomas, who has just started working in one office of this company. Okay? A new manager on the job. One day, all employee—let's call her Linda Jones—went to talk to Mr. Thomas. She was having some problems with her work, and she wanted to talk to her manager about these problems. Her problem was this: Mr. Thomas organized the office work in a new and different way, and it was becoming more difficult for her to do her job. And she also felt that Mr. Thomas wasn't very clear about what she was supposed to do. She wanted to know more clearly, "What am I supposed to do? What do you expect of me?"All right, so let's think about this. Ms. Jones goes to Mr. Thomas to talk about the work situation. Now for most employees, asking a manager questions like this is hard. In this case, it was hard for Linda to talk to Mr. Thomas, but she felt she had to do it. She had worked in the office for fiveyears, and of course, she didn't want to lose her job because she couldn't get her job done. She also didn't want to quit her job because of the problems. She just wasn't content with the way the office was being run, and she needed to talk about it.Now let's think about the manager's position. In this case, Mr. Thomas was very surprised when he first heard that she was having problems. He was surprised, and irritated. There was too much work to do, right? He didn't really want to deal with a personal problem. He didn't think this was a work problem, and he felt he was too busy to think about problems people might be having.But later, Mr. Thomas thought about what Linda said. He thought, "Aha, this is a work problem." And he realized he needed to find out from the other people in the office, from her co-workers, if they were having problems, too.All right, let's pause for a moment and look at what Mr. Thomas, as the manager, had to consider. First of all, a good manager understands that a hardworking, enthusiastic staff is very important. In fact, we could say it is essential, absolutely essential. All of the employees need to work together. They need to work as a team to make the company successful. And, of course, feeling like part of a team is feeling that what each person does and says is important.Well, as in most work situations, we have a problem here with communication. That is, most managers do not want to hear people complain, and most employees are afraid to come right out and say what they feel. They usually won't say what they like or don't like. They may complain to each other during lunch or after work, but they do not complain directly to the manager.It is important, however, for a manager to find out if he or she is doing a good job. One way to do this is to give employees a chance to talk. Employees need an opportunity to say what is wrong, what they don't like about the work situation, and what they would change to make their work better However, most employees are afraid to say what they feel. This is why a manager needs to figure out a safe way for people to talk. By safe, I mean a way to talk where people aren't afraid something will happen to them if they tell the truth. It has to be safe, or else people just won't say what they're thinking.Task 5【答案】A. 1) c) 2) b)B.1) F 2) T 3) T 4) TC.Ⅰ. It is a way of telling the manager good and bad points about what he or she is doingⅡ. Give employees questions to answer in writing. Then the manager can meet with each of them and discuss what he or she wrote.Ⅲ.First Type Second TypeCharacteristics Too direct, too personal Easier to answer honestlyThe work itselfFocus The employee’s feelings aboutthe managerPurpose Not mentioned Make it easier to get the job done wellA. Certain altitudes about how an American manager should act, what an American manager is supposed to do in his or her job;B. Something about the relationship between manager and employees: what the relationshipbetween the employees and the manager is expected to be.Ⅳ. Management assessment is based on the idea of solving problems and communicating so that everyone will feel they are part of a team.Ⅴ.A. How work is doneB. How decisions are madeC. How people communicate【原文】Now let's look a little bit more closely at what a manager can do. According to some manage meat consultants, a manager needs to give employees a clear way of assessing himself or herself. By assessing I mean a way of telling the manager good and bad points about what he or she is doing, Right? Tell me my good and bad points—that's an assessment. One way the manager can have employees do this is to give them questions to answer in writing. Okay? Not asking them orally, but giving them a chance to write their assessments. Then the manager can meet with each employee and discuss what he or she wrote.Now asking for an assessment is not so easy. It is important for file manager to ask the right kind of questions, If the manager asks direct questions like "Do you like me?" or "Do you like the way I ask you to do things?" the employee probably won't tell the truth. I mean, would you tell the truth if you were asked this kind of question? These questions are just too direct and, erm, just too personal: They focus too much on personal feelings.On the other hand, if the manager asks questions like "How would it be easier for you to do your job?" or "How could things be done differently?" it's easier for an employee to answer honestly. Do you see the difference here? It is easier to answer because the question focuses on the work itself. The question doesn't focus on the employee's feelings about the manager. It shows the employee the question is being asked in order to make it easier to get the job done well.Okay, now I'd like you to have a look at a sample assessment form. Follow along as I go over the questions. Ready?Number 1, "Do I give clear directions?" Number 2, "Do you need help from co-workers to understand what I want?" Number 3, "Do I change my mind too olden about what I want you to do?" Number 4, "Do I listen to new ideas and ways of doing things?" Number 5, "Do you come to me when you need help?" And Number 6, "Do I tell you when you have done a good job?" Okay, so think about these questions. What are they about? What's the purpose of these questions?I think... I think we have to notice that these questions show certain altitudes about how an American manager should act. They show us what an American manager is supposed to do in his or her jobs. These questions also tell us—and this is very interesting—they show us something about the relationship between manager and employees, what the relationship between the employees and the manager is expected to be. Management assessment today is based on the idea of solving problems and communicating so that everyone will feel they are part of a team. Let me repeat that because this is a key point: Management assessment is based on the idea of solving problems and communicating so that everyone will feel they are part of a team.Okay, now please note that this is an American model or idea for management assessment. Of course, business styles and management styles vary from culture to culture. This particular style of management assessment may not work in every culture. For any country or culture, it is important to think about how work is done and how decisions are made. And it's very important to considerhow people communicate. All right? Well, that's all for today.Task 6【答案】1) Clensip is a drink.2) The purpose of the meeting is to decide on a definite advertising campaign for the new product.3) He is more hopeful, and agrees they'll have to sell this through good advertising and attractive packaging.4) Because it looks so clean and clear in bottles.5) Because he thinks the can is more modem and will appeal more to young people as they're used to drinks in cans. And since all their competitors put their drinks in bottles, they’ve got to be different.6) He thinks they could have a lot of young men in little sailing boats, and then one young man ina white suit, sailing a big yacht, and drinking Clensip.7) It could be used to wash hair, wash the face, clean teeth, soak feet, bathe eyes, freshen up floors, and used in cooking.【原文】Chairman: Now, ladies and gentlemen, you all know why we're meeting this afternoon. We want to decide on a definite advertising campaign for the new product we've received from...Tony, I know you want to say something.Tony: Yes, thank you, Mr. Chairman. As I've said this is not something that people will want to buy; there are similar products on the market and we need to work out the advertisements very carefully, or we won't sell any at all.Chairman: I'm more hopeful, but I agree that we'll have to sell this through good advertising and attractive packaging. Linda, you've got examples of the packaging ideas with you, haven't you? Linda: Yes, here you are. We tried two different styles: There's a can, like this; or a bottle, like this. We prefer the bottle, because it looks so clean and clear. What do you think?George: Well, I like the can. It's more modem and 1 think it will appeal more to young people as they're used to drinks in cans. And all our competitors put their drinks in bottles.Tony: I agree. We've got to be different. A pure white can, with the name "Clensip" in blue. That's good.Lucy: We ought to decide what is special and new and different.Tony: There isn't anything new about it, except the can. That's what's going to make it so hard to sell.Linda: I don't agree with you. It's a good product. It's healthy; it's pure; it's natural; it's good for you.Chairman: Yes, that's the idea. We want to sell it to the people because it's healthy.Lucy: Can we say "It's Clensip, naturally it's good for you"?Tony: Yes, I like that—that means “Of course, it's good f or you." It also means that it's natural. George: Yes, that's Okay. But I thought we wanted to be different. All the other brands advertise how healthy and pure they are.Linda: Well, there's no alternative. People will buy this because it's pure. It's the only reason for buying it. What else can you say?Lucy: It isn't fattening, I suppose?Chairman: "Drink Clensip, the non-fattening drink in a can." We could have a picture—a beautiful, slim young lady drinking a can of Clensip. Yes, that's a good idea.To ny: Yes, it’s quite unusual to drink it by itself without adding anything.George: We could say "Be different—drink Clensip."Lucy: "The beautiful girl ought to be different, too. Perhaps we could have a lot of girls all wearing red dresses, and one girl, in a white dress, who's drinking Clensip.Tony: We want everyone to drink Clensip, not just girls. Perhaps we could have a lot of young men in little sailing boats, and then one young man in a white suit, sailing a big yacht, and drinking Clensip.Chairman: I think we could have a whole series of those pictures. Any other ideas?George: People think of it as a drink. What about adding it to different things? You could wash your hair in it, for instance.Chairman: In Clensip?George: Why nor? People wash their hair in beer, sometimes.Lucy: Clensip wouldn't hurt your hair. In fact, it would be...George: What about: "A Clensip Beauty Book"?Linda: Wash your face in Clensip?Tony: Clean your teeth in Clensip after every meal.Chairman: I think we've got something here. Let's see. How many words call you think of to describe Clensip? We’ve got pure, natural, clear, clean, healthy...Lucy: Refreshing.Linda: Soothing—soak your tired feet in Clensip.George: Sparkling—bathe your eyes in sparkling Clensip.Tony: How about:“Freshen up your floors with Clensip”?Lucy: Add Clensip to your cooking...Task 7【答案】A. c)B.1) Because they saw such foreign investment as creating much-needed employment, stimulating the business sector generally, and possibly earning foreign currency if the company's products were exported.2) The major source of worry has been that these foreign giants will take over smaller companies and gradually dominate an important industry. If this happens, vital decisions affecting the economic interests of the country may be taken in boardrooms thousands of miles away from that country.3) They have become concerned about their dependence on foreign investment in key sectors of their economy. They have become aware that foreign subsidiaries often take most of their profits out of the country rather than reinvesting them in the company. Sometimes, the flow of funds causes disastrous fluctuations in the exchange rates of their currencies.4) They are beginning to insist on joint ventures and to limit the amount of profits that a foreign subsidiary may take out of the country in a given period.C.1) The multinational often operates in industries which are difficult to enter and of vital national importance, such as the computer, chemical and automobile industries. The main objective of the multinational is to organize its activities around the world so as to maximize global profits and global market shares. Each subsidiary is part of an international network of affiliates which interact with each other. The centre controlling the network is not under the control of the host government but frequently thousands of miles away from these subsidiaries.2) Arguing against multinationals, critics say that these organizations engage in anti-competitive activities, insensitively shut down plants, make huge bribes to gain contracts, interfere politically, destabilize currencies, underpay their workers, and so on. Those speaking for the defense see these corporations almost as international agencies, promoting peace, providing better, cheaper products, and bringing much needed resources, expertise and employment to the host countries.【原文】The term "multinational" is used for a company which has subsidiaries or sales facilities throughout the world. Another expression for this type of business enterprise is "global corporation". Many of these giant organizations are household names such as Coca Cola, Sony, Hitachi, IBM, and General Motors. Companies like these control vast sums of money and they operate in countries with widely differing political and economic systems.In earlier times, most countries gave the multinationals a "red carpet" welcome because they saw such foreign investment as creating much-needed employment, stimulating the business sector generally, and possibly earning foreign currency if the company's products were exported. More recently, however, tile tide has turned against the multinationals. They are now viewed by many with suspicion; once heroes, they are now villains on the international business stage.For reasons outlined below, host countries are now restricting the activities of their guests, the multinationals. Many developing countries will only allow new investment if it is on a joint-venture basis. This means that local entrepreneurs, or state agencies, must participate in the ownership and even management of the foreign enterprise. Other countries, such as India and Nigeria, are forcing foreign companies already well-established to reduce their share holdings to a certain percentage, say 60 percent or 40 percent of the total equity of the company.Tension between host country and multinational is inevitable in many cases because multinationals do pose a threat to national sovereignty.The multinational is big and rich. It often operates in industries which are difficult to enter and of vital national importance, such as the computer, chemical and automobile industries. Most important of all, the main objective of the multinational is to organize its activities around the world so as to maximize global profits and global market shares. Each subsidiary is part of an international network of affiliates. These all interact with each other. Each part serves the whole. The centre controlling the network—the multinationals' headquarters—is not under the control of the host government. It is frequently thousands of miles away from these subsidiaries. Increasingly, in recent years, governments have had to ask themselves whether multinationals are harming their national interests. In highly industrialized countries, a major source of worry has been that these foreign giants will take over smaller companies and gradually dominate an important industry. If this happens, vital decisions affecting the economic interests of the country may be taken in boardrooms thousands of miles away from that country.Developing countries, in particular, have become concerned about their dependence on foreign。