Arthur Miller
ArthurMiller的英文简介
Arthur MillerArthur Miller is a great dramatist to come out of the 1940s; he has led the postwar new drama along with Tennessee Williams.Arthur Miller lived in the postwar period. The history background of this period multi-faceted: The world warⅡleaves people in fright and disturbance. Cold war and McCarthyism intensify the sense of fright. People started to doubt that technique really can bring people bliss. Besides, baby boom leads to the surge of population, which causes many environmental problems. Civil right movement in the 1960s gives black people much motivation, promoting the flourish of post war African American literature.Literature in this period is considered as “multi-cultural”literature. Many forms of post-modern fiction appeared, such as metafiction, anti-novel, surfiction, etc. The same mood in this period is despair, but continuing to search absurdity of modern life; lonely, but searching for the meaning of existence; identity.A typical theme of Arthur Miller’s concerns the dilemma of modern man in relation to his family and work. What occurs often in a miller play is that the hero finds himself under a pressure from his society and its ethics, tries in vain to extricate himself from the physical and spiritual quandary into which he has fallen and finds release only in death, often in the form of actual or virtual suicide. The world is harsh. There is little or no choice for the hero. Either he submits to the impossible demands of society, or he rejects them. He dies in either case. Miller is, however, not completely pessimistic. Reading his plays, one feels a faith in man and in life, however vague it may be, though very often gloom overweighs hope.Arthur Miller is best known as author of Death of a Salesman. It is a sad version of the American dream. The staging of death of a salesman, his masterpiece, won him the Tony Award and the Pulitzer Prize, and established him once and for all as a writer of no small talent. When miller did was to wipe out the old realistic stage setting and go back to the Elizabethan kind of stage where the audience saw a house which was only a frame.。
米勒简介及其主要作品
In 1940 Miller wrote The Man Who Had All the Luck, which was produced in New Jersey in 1940 and won the Theatre Guild's National Award
In 1946 Miller's play All My Sons, the writing of which had commenced in 1941, was a success on Broadway (earning him his first Tony Award, for Best Author) and his reputation as a playwright was established
03
In 1999 Miller was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize
Miller's career as a writer spanned over seven decades, and at the time of his death, Miller was considered to be one of the greatest dramatists of the twentieth century
It was the first play to win all three of these major awards（ Tony Award for Best Author ， New York Drama Circle Critics‘ Award ， Pulitzer Prize for Drama ）. The play was performed 742 times
Arthur Miller
Winner of many literary and dramatic award, Miller is an important force in American drama. His major characters are ordinary and suffering individuals seemingly trapped by naturalistic circumstances. And yet, Miller points out, they have dignity if not human greatness.
美国梦破灭
米勒受到歧视的犹太人身份使他始终以局外 人之姿清醒地旁社会并与之斗争的个人， 绝大部分作品都在扮演其私人 生活中所遭遇的问题。于是他 的戏剧几乎成了20世纪前半期 美国历史的忠实记录：大萧条， 二战，麦卡锡主义，冷战，这 些重大事件成了他重复使用的 戏剧背景。有人称之为 “美国的易卜生”。
“highly self-destructive“. During their marriage"all my energy and attention was devoted to trying to help her solve her problems. Unfortunately, I didn't have much success."
All My Sons 《全是我儿子》制造商 凯勒在二战期间向美国空军出售残次 部件，导致21名飞行员机毁人亡，后 他又将罪责推给合伙人。当他得知遇 难的飞行员中有自己的儿子时，受到 良心谴责，终于愧疚自杀。
DEATH OF A SALESMAN (1949) 推销员 之死 brought Miller international fame, and become one of the major achievements of modern American theatre. 主人公威利· 洛曼是个旅行推销员， 一生失意，老来潦倒不堪，只希望 儿子能出人头地。但大儿子比夫年 过30，连一份正式工作也没混上， 二儿子哈比只会寻花问柳，也是个 废物。两个儿子在母亲激励下终于 鼓起勇气想干一番事业，于是跟父 亲约定晚上在小酒馆会面，共商振 兴大计。而当天上午老威利竟被少 东家辞了，晚上来到酒馆一看，两 兄弟却在喝闷酒，原来比夫向老同 学借钱碰了钉子，拟定的发财计划 已化为泡影。威利大失所望，气得 神志昏迷，比夫和哈比趁机挽着女 友溜了。威利对自己、对儿子、对 整个生活不再抱任何希望，出门故 意撞车而死。
Arthur Miller的英文简介
Arthur Miller的英文简介Arthur Miller Arthur Miller is a great dramatist to come out of the 1940s; he has led the postwar new drama along with Tennessee Williams. Arthur Miller lived in the postwar period. The history background of this period multi-faceted: The world warⅡ leaves people in fright and disturbance. Cold war and McCarthyism intensify the sense of fright. People started to doubt that technique really can bring people bliss. Besides, baby boom leads to the surge of population, which causes many environmental problems. Civil right movement in the 1960s gives black people much motivation, promoting the flourish of post war African American literature. Literature in this period is considered as “multi-cultural” literature. Many forms of post-modern fiction appeared, such as metafiction, anti-novel, surfiction, etc. The same mood in this period is despair, but continuing to search absurdity of modern life; lonely, but searching for the meaning of existence; identity. A typical theme of Arthur Miller’s conce rns the dilemma of modern man in relation to his family and work. What occurs often in a miller play is that the hero finds himself under a pressure from his society and its ethics, tries in vain to extricate himself from the physical and spiritual quandary into which he has fallen and finds release only in death, often in the form of actual or virtual suicide. The world is harsh. There is little or no choice for the hero. Either he submits to the impossible demands of society, or he rejects them. He dies in either case. Miller is, however, not completely pessimistic. Reading his plays, one feels a faith in man and in life, however vague it may be, though very often gloom overweighs hope. Arthur Miller is best known as author of Death of a Salesman. It is a sad version of the American dream. The staging of death of a salesman, his masterpiece, won him the Tony Award and the Pulitzer Prize, and established him once and for all as a writer of no small talent. When miller did was to wipe out the old realistic stage setting and go back to the Elizabethan kind of stage where the audience saw a house which was only a frame.。
Arthur Miller
Ibsen: Norwegian playwright who influenced the development of modern drama with his realistic masterpieces. His major works include Peer Gynt (1867), A Doll's House (1879), and Ghosts (1881). Emphasizing character over plot, Ibsen addressed social problems such as political corruption and the changing role of women as well as psychological conflicts stemming from frustrated love and destructive family relationships. Ibsen was also well known for the dramatic form in which serious matters could be dealt with in the "trivial" guise of everyday life.He greatly influenced European theatre and is regarded as the founder of modern prose drama.
Saved up enough money to go to University of Michigan / began writing plays and radio scripts
All My Sons (1947) fostering his reputation as an Ibsenian playwright / Death of a Salesman (1947) won him Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize
美国文学 阿瑟.米勒( arthur miller)
Miller told the New York Times: “It [the Depression] made you want to search for ultimate values, for things that would not fall apart under pressure."
Profoundly influenced by the Depression and the war that immediately followed it, Miller tapped into a sense of dissatisfaction and unrest within the greater American psyche. His probing dramas proved to be both the conscience and redemption of the times, allowing people an honest view of the direction the country had taken.
After graduating from high school, Miller worked jobs ranging from radio singer to truck driver to clerk in an automobile-parts warehouse. Miller began writing plays as a student at the University of Michigan, joining the Federal Theater Project in New York City after he received his degree.
阅读理解.ArthurMille...
阅读理解。
Arthur Miller (1915 - 2005) is universallyrecognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller' s father had moved to the USA from Austria. Hungary, drawn like so many others by the "Great American Dream".However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his familybusiness was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is apowerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way ofdoing business and its insistence on money and social status asindicators of worth.In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see aman who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is "burnt out"and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: ifhe can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this,and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses toface the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, theNew York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize forDrama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury,Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman onBroadway.1. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream".C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed.2. The play Death o f a Salesman ____ .A. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a companyC. talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly.B. He runs the Wagner Company.C. He is a victim of the American systemD. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues4. After it was first staged, Death o f a Salesman ____ .A.achieved huge successB.won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmenD. was severely attacked by dramatists5.What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family.B.The awards Arthur Miller wonC.The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play. 1-5: BACAD。
Arthur Miller
家庭情况
• 第二任妻子：玛丽莲· 梦露（Marilyn Monroe）（美国20世纪最著名的电影女演 员之一） • 第三任妻子：英格· 莫拉斯（摄影师） • 女儿：瑞贝卡· 米勒（Rebecca Miller）（导 演） • 女婿：丹尼尔· 刘易斯（Daniel Day Lewis） 戴· （演员） • 儿
个人概况
• 阿瑟· 米勒出生在一个中产阶级犹太家庭。他的父亲是一个服装制造商，但是在大萧条 时期却没钱供阿瑟· 米勒上大学。米勒只好一边在纽约的一家仓库里打工，一边在密歇 根大学读书，1938年他获得了一个学士学位。阿瑟· 米勒一生获奖无数，包括1949年普 利策奖，两次纽约戏剧批评家奖，奥利维尔最佳剧作奖。1953年冷战达到高潮，米勒 创作了他最著名的一部剧《TheCrucible》（译为“炼狱”）。创作这部戏是为了回应麦 卡锡参议员对所谓共产党同情者的镇压。在 80岁高龄的时候，他还创作了影射梦露的 作品《完成画面》。 是美国半个世纪以来最杰出的剧作家，还写过两部小说。1987年写了回忆录《时间弯 曲》，年过古稀时，还写了剧本《踏破摩根山》和《末代美国佬》。他的作品针砭时 弊、直言不讳，被誉为20世纪良心的代表。其中《推销员之死》是其最有影响的代表 作。 一九七八年，米勒来华访问，回国后出版《访问中国》一书。一九八一年，《萨勒姆 女巫》在华上演，获得很大成功。一九八三年，米勒再度来华，亲自执导《推销员之 死》，次年出版《“推销员”在北京》一书，从此他和中国结下了不解之缘。
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自传体剧本《堕落之后》记述了他与好莱坞名演员玛丽莲· 梦露一段并不成功的婚姻生 活，也深刻剖析了左翼知识分子的内心
主要作品
• All my sons 《我的儿子们》 1947 • Death of a salesman 《推销员之死》 1949 • The Crucible 《萨勒姆的女巫》 1953 • A View from the Bridge 《桥头眺望》 1955 • Incident at Vichy 《维系事件》 1964
Arthur Miller
Arthur Miller1. Life experienceArthur Miller is an American playwright. He was born in 1915 to a fashion merchant in New York. Unable to afford his tuition, miller went to work after high school. He used his spare time to read a large number of books and developed a keen interest in literature. In 1934, after saving up for a year of college tuition, he enrolled at the university of Michigan, where he achieved scholarship and a night job: editing the Michigan daily. He wrote several plays during his college years and won two awards for dramatic creativity. From 1941 to 1944, Miller worked as a truck driver, waiter and laborer, but he never stopped producing plays, though several of his plays were not successful. In 1947, he published a new work, All My Sons, which was a success and won the New York theater critics prize. In 1949, miller's Death of A Salesman was a success, running 742 times in New York, make him win another New York theater critics award and his first Pulitzer Prizes. In 1953, his Purgatory hit Broadway and won the Tony Awards. In 1953, at the height of the cold war, miller wrote The Crucible. The play was created in response to senator McCarthy's crackdown on alleged communist sympathizers.In 1983, miller went to China to direct Death of A Salesman, a successful performance in China for which he wrote a memoir, A Salesman in Beijing.In 1995, he was awarded the William Engle festival Award. Arthur miller died of heart failure in the United States at the age of 89, on 10, 2005.2. A list of his major worksAll My Sons; Death of a Salesman; The Crucible;A View from the Bridge; Incident at Vichy; The Price3.Summary and appreciation of Death of a SalesmanWillie Lowman was a salesman in his 60s who dreamed of a day that he would be successful in business and have everything he wanted.However, years of hard work did not make him realize his dream, on the contrary, due to his increasinglyweak health, his work was poorer than before and finally he was fired from the company he worked for many years.The shock was a great sudden to him, and though he had a happy family he could not summon up confidence in life. Finally, he broke down and drove himself to death in the middle of the night.Through the death of the insignificant little man Willy Lowman, the play reflected the destruction and strangulation of the modern industrial society, and depicted the ruthless side of the capitalist society for the readers.It is particularly ironic that the author made Willie Lohman recall the lost happiness before he committed suicide, and made him try to recover what was valuable in his old life. However, it still failed to save his life, and he died in despair.The work was full of humor, showing strong dramatic conflict and strong philosophy.4. Features of his writingArthur miller's works are tragic works with realistic methods. His understanding of drama is distinctive and unique. He pushes ordinary people to the leading role of drama and reflects the cruel social reality with the "joys and sorrows" of ordinary people and little people. His plays are mainly presented in the form of tragedy, showing a strong sense of social responsibility.There are multiple internal contradictions between ancient and modern, tradition and innovation, local and foreign in the creation of his plays, which are sometimes puzzling, but also show the unique charm of his social plays.。
阿瑟米勒介绍
1937: Rewrite of No Villain, titled, They Too Arise, receives a major award.
Heads east to join the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain during their Civil War, and decides not to go.
阿瑟米勒介绍 arthurmiller arthur miller source: weales, gerald. death salesmantext criticism.new york: vikingpress, 1967. october 17, 1915 arthur aster miller newyork city. 1920-28: attends public school #24 harlem.1923: sees first play--a melodrama schuberttheater. 1928: bar-mitzvah temple.1929: father?s business fails familymove brooklyn.1932: graduates from abraham lincoln high school. registers nightschool citycollege, quitsafter two weeks. 1932: various jobs, including singing localradio station truckdriving. 1932-34: clerked auto-partswarehouse, where he onlyjew employed hadhis first real, personal experiences americananti-semitism. 1934-35: university michigan,studying journalism. reporter nighteditor studentpaper, michigandaily. 1936: writes sixdays receiveshopwood award drama.transfers englishmajor. 1937: rewrite villain,titled, tooarise, receives majoraward. heads east abrahamlincoln brigade spainduring civilwar, go.1938: graduates english.joins federaltheater project newyork city writeradio plays scripts
关于推销员之死的介绍
英语论文-论推销员之死的悲剧意义1、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义阿瑟·密勒（Arthur Miller），美国当代剧作家，被誉为“家庭剧大师”。
自从他的第1个剧本于1944年在百老汇公演以来，他在美国戏剧界1直占有举足轻重的位置。
密勒的很多作品大都从1个家庭出发，运用1些实验性的，独具匠心的戏剧形式去表现在现实生活当中1些“小人物的”的悲剧。
通过对1些具有普遍象征性的舞台形象的深化和扩展，揭示了剧作家所要表达的深刻主题，具有深刻的社会性，也使他的现实主义戏剧具有永恒的魅力。
他的代表作《推销员之死》获得了1948-1949年年度的普利策奖。
此外，又陆续获得纽约剧评界奖、安托万内特．佩里奖、戏院俱乐部奖、报纸头版奖以及评论界的广泛好评。
国内外对这部剧目的研究已深入到了这个剧目的各个方面。
评论家们从剧目的主题，人物形象和舞台技巧的运用与创新，以及作品的社会意义等方面进行了有益的探讨。
布鲁克斯．阿特金森——纽约《时代周刊》德高望重的评论家，把它称作“所有美国剧院上演的戏剧中最杰出的作品之1”。
约翰．加斯纳把它视为“庸俗的美国戏剧的1个成就”。
本选题将在国内外学者研究的基础上，主要探讨了《推销员之死》中的古典悲剧的要素，指明威利成为1个典型的悲剧人物，正是出于他美好的愿望，即做1件让他安心的事——为了维护他的个人尊严。
和传统的古典悲剧式的人物不1样的是他无法像古典悲剧中的人物那样轰轰烈烈的留下自己的英名，只能在幻想和谎言中虚构成功和胜利。
而实际上，他只不过是1个糟透了的推销员和不称职的父亲，1个彻底的失败者。
他最后的死亡是1首失败者的挽歌，标志着成千上万的美国普通老百姓的美国梦的破灭。
而这也正是这部不朽之作的悲剧意义之所在，因此，对此进行深入的研究，很有社会价值和意义。
2、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：《推销员之死》是阿瑟．密勒的1部优秀的代表作。
本课题主要探讨了本剧中的古典悲剧要素。
arthur miller阿瑟米勒
After graduating in English in 1938, Miller returned to New York. There he joined the Federal Theatre Project, and wrote scripts for radio programs, such as Columbia Workshop (CBS) and Cavalcade of America (NBC). Because of a football injury, he was exempt from draft. In 1940 Miller married a Catholic girl, Mary Slattery, his college sweetheart, with whom he had two children. Miller's first play to appear on Broadway was THE MAN WHO HAD ALL THE THE LUCK (1944). It closed after four performances. Three years later produced ALL MY SONS was about a factory owner who sells faulty aircraft parts during World War II. It won the New York Drama Critics Circle award and two Tony Awards. In 1944 Miller toured Army camps to collect background material for the screenplay THE STORY OF GI JOE (1945). Miller's first novel, FOCUS (1945), was about anti-Semitism.
美国文学 阿瑟.米勒( arthur miller)
After graduating from high school, Miller worked jobs ranging from radio singer to truck driver to clerk in an automobile-parts warehouse. Miller began writing plays as a student at the University of Michigan, joining the Federal Theater Project in New York City after he received his degree.
Profoundly infln and the war that immediately followed it, Miller tapped into a sense of dissatisfaction and unrest within the greater American psyche.
Miller told the New York Times: “It [the Depression] made you want to search for ultimate values, for things that would not fall apart under pressure."
Influence of The Great Depression on Miller
Although none of Miller's theater work is specifically autobiographical, it has been strongly influenced by his particular life experiences. An early influential event was the Great Depression of the 1930s
堕落之后(阿瑟 米勒作品系列)
精彩摘录
这是《堕落之后（阿瑟·米勒ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ品系列）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
堕落之后（阿瑟·米勒作品系列）
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
系列
婚姻
戏剧
阿瑟米勒
人物
猎巫
作品
米勒
剧本
阿瑟米勒
阿瑟米勒
幕剧
良心
剧中
内容摘要
“她的一切属于她，我的一切属于我。”——“美国戏剧的良心”阿瑟·米勒的精神自白，对股市崩盘、大 屠杀、猎巫运动和一代名伶的私人记忆。资深戏剧研究专家郭继德先生翻译，中文单行本国内首次出版。当“伟 大的美国头脑”遇上“伟大的美国肉体”，“梦露先生”表示，一个人的时候可以彷徨，同床共枕时要坚定。 《堕落之后》是阿瑟·米勒于1964年创作的一部两幕剧。剧本具有浓厚的自传色彩，是米勒对与第二任妻子玛丽 莲·梦露之间一场失败婚姻的总结和追溯：主人公昆廷是纽约的一名律师，他一边回顾25年来的人生经历，包括 股市崩盘造成的家庭悲剧，麦卡锡“猎巫”行动下岌岌可危的友谊，以及一段痛苦的婚姻，一边反思何为道德、 何为人性。最终领悟到人类自从亚当犯了原罪、堕落之后，就有了犯罪的本能，只认识到爱是远远不够的，更需 要面对生活而无所畏惧。值得注意的是，剧本在叙事形式上大胆创新，以一种非线性的意识流推进剧情，实现了 出场人物视角的自由切换。有些西方评论家认为，米勒敢于暴露自己的灵魂而写出了一部意义深远的自传体文献， 堪与奥尼尔的《长夜漫漫路迢迢》相并列而无愧。
读书笔记
古怪。 这是一本道德伪善者想借抨击堕落来证明高尚，却恰好呈现了他的堕落的故事。 据说这个剧本是对他和梦露婚姻的总结和思考，具有浓厚的自传色彩，是一部非常独特的意识流剧本。 一口气读完，喜欢，有几处冲突非常震撼，心被撕裂，有种破碎、残忍的美。 有几句台词蛮优秀的：霍尔佳“在自身之外寻找希望是错误的”那大段独白、露易丝“我一直等着挣扎开 始”。 一生太长，太多的遗憾该从何写起，无数的人物在同一时空交替，父母、兄弟、曾经的爱人与朋友，现实梦 境，混沌回忆，读了两遍才弄明白所有事情，如果在舞台上呈现，效果应比文字好得多。
推销员之死
Betrayal:
Willy’s primary obsession throughout the play is what he considers to be Biff’s betrayal of his ambitions for him. Willy believes that he has every right to expect Biff to fulfill the promise inherent in him. When Biff walks out on Willy’s ambitions for him, Willy takes this rejection as a personal affront. Willy assumes that Biff’s betrayal stems from Biff’s discovery of Willy’s affair with The Woman—a betrayal of Linda’s love. Whereas Willy feels that Biff has betrayed him, Biff feels that Willy, a “phony little fake,” has betrayed him with his unending stream of ego-stroking lies.
Death of a Salesman
Death of a Salesman, deemed as vintage Miller, received an immediate success after its premiere in 1949.The play presents the individual agonizing sufferings related to his family and modern American society ethics and values at large. The play examines the living plight of common Americans in modern society.
7推销员之死英文名作赏析
INTRODUCTION OF THE AUTHORArthur Miller (17 Oct 1915 – 2005) was one of the leadingAmerican playwrights of the twentieth century. He was bornin New York on October 17, 1915, the son of Polish-Jewishimmigrants. His father manufactured women’s coats, b ut losteverything in the economic collapse of the 1930s. Aftergraduating from high school, Miller worked in a warehouseso that he could earn enough money to attend the Universityof Michigan. During his college years, he began writing hisfirst drama.Miller's first play to make it to Broadway, The Man Who Had All the Luck (1944), was a dismal failure, closing after only four performances. This early setback almost discouraged Miller from writing completely, but, fortunately, he gave himself one more try. Three years later, All My Sons won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award as the best play of 1947, launching Miller into theatrical stardom. His most impressive play is Death of a Salesman(1949, Pulitzer Prize), fusing realism and symbolism in reviewing the tragic life of a salesman victimized by his own false values and those of modern America.Miller was a prominent figure in American theatre and cinema for almost 100 years, writing a wide variety of dramas, including celebrated plays such as The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman, which are studied and performed worldwide. Miller is considered by audiences and scholars as one of America's greatest playwrights and his plays are lauded throughout the world.Notice the sub-title of the play: Certain Private Conversations in Two Acts and a Requiem.两幕私下的谈话及一首安魂曲Many things in this play happen in Loman’s head.[2] Main characters 剧中人物:Willy Loman 威利·洛曼Linda Loman 琳达·洛曼—威利·洛曼的妻子[3] The action takes place in WILLY LOMAN’s house and yard and in various places he visits in the New York and Boston of today.本剧发生于威利·洛曼家中的室内和庭院中，以及他去纽约和波士顿的几个地方。
阿瑟米勒
阿瑟·米勒的戏剧被称之为社会剧，而且主要以悲剧形态呈现，表现出强烈的社会责任感，被称之为“美国 戏剧的良心”。阿瑟·米勒社会剧创作的基本特色是关注社会问题，思考人生哲理，探究人的生命的价值和意义， 把人的良心、良知、责任感和公正、正直看做是戏剧魅力的主要源泉。
阿瑟·米勒的社会剧大多呈现为悲剧的审美形态。尽管他所创作的这种类型的悲剧与现代悲剧意识密切相连， 但 阿 瑟 ·米 勒 却 一 再 强 调 它 与 古 希 腊 悲 剧 具 有 内 在 一 致 性 ， 即 悲 剧 精 神 的 具 有 内 在 联 系 。 阿 瑟 ·米 勒 将 古 典 形 态 的 悲剧精神与现代悲剧意识进行了有效的嫁接和融汇，创造了属于他自己的也是属于当代世界戏剧的独特的悲剧审 美形态。
往事重演即将往事以直观的场面呈现于观众面前，类似于电影中的“闪回”技巧。这是米勒戏剧的一大特点， 也是他对表现主义手法的实践。剧中人物常常受现实中某一因素的激发，陷入对往事的回忆中，此时仿佛时光倒 转，人物从现实回到了过去。舞台上开始上演过去的情景，人物完全沉浸在其中。往事重演的第一种情......
阿瑟 ·米 勒
美国剧作家
01 人物经历
03 主要作品 05 获奖记录
目录
02 个人生活 04 创作特点 06 人物评价
阿瑟·米勒（Arthur Miller），美国剧作家。主要作品有戏剧《推销员之死》、《萨勒姆的女巫》等。
1915年10月17日，米勒出生在纽约一个犹太富商家庭。 米勒读书期间开始尝试戏剧创作。1947年，米勒 凭《全是我的儿子》一举成名。花六周时间写成的《推销员之死》（1949）得到了包括普利策奖在内的三大奖项， 为他赢得国际声誉。米勒的重要作品多写于五十年代，如影射美国政治歇斯底里状况的《萨勒姆的女巫》，反映 工人生活的《两个星期一的回忆》和写意大利移民的《桥头眺望》。之后他写得很少，但总是适时地发出自己的 声 音 。 2 0 0 5 年 2 月 1 0 日 凌 晨 ， 米 勒 因 心 力 衰 竭 去 世 。 阿 瑟 ·米 勒 与 尤 金 ·奥 尼 尔 、 田 纳 西 ·威 廉 斯 并 称 为 2 0 世 纪 美 国 戏剧三大家。
ArthurMiller
III Themes of Death of a Salesman
Characters: Willy Lowman the father—hypocritical, tends to talk big, timid Linda the mother Biff the elder son Happy the younger son Charley a neighbor Bernard Charley’s son Howard Willy’s Boss
2. Tragedy of adhering to false values 3. Changing of time / Chanciness 4. Personal Flaws 5. the Importance of Facing Reality
The gap between reality and illusion is blurred in the play. Willy is a dreamer and dreams of a success
1. Frustration of American Dream
The American Dream is the belief that if you work hard enough you can be a success in America. However, the success that the dream aspires to is based on money and power. In Willy’s mind it is also linked with being “well-liked”. Howard’s treatment of Willy shows how destructive the pursuit of this dream can be. He lays Willy off when he can no longer generate money for the company which enrages Willy: “You can’t eat the orange and throw the peel away – a man is not a piece of fruit.“
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米勒受到歧视的犹太人身仹使他 始终以局外人之姿清醒地旁观美 国主流文化。
米勒兲注的焦点始终是生活 在美国社会幵与之斗争的个人， 绝大部分作品都在扮演其私人 生活中所遭遇的问题。于是他 的戏剧几乎成了20世纪前半期 美国历史的忠实记彔：大萧条， 二战，麦卡锡主义，冷战，这 些重大事件成了他重复使用的 戏剧背景。有人称之为 “美国的易卜生”。
In America, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929.
Tragedy and the Common Man
Winner of many literary and dramatic award, Miller is an important force in American drama. His major characters are ordinary and suffering individuals seemingly trapped by naturalistic circumstances. And yet, Miller points out, they have dignity if not human greatness.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world.
It was with Death of a Salesman in 1949 that Miller secured his reputation as one of the nation's foremost playwrights.
In 1956, Miller married actress Marilyn Monroe. The two divorced in 1961, the year of her death. That year Monroe appeared in her last film, The Misfits, an original screenplay by Miller. After divorcing Monroe, Miller wed Ingeborg Morath.
Willy Loman
resents
protect
Charley
(Willy’s long-time friend) Son of
Biff Loman
(older son)
Linda Loman
(Willy’s wife)
Bernard
(successful lawyer)
Happy Loman
(younger son)
“highly self-destructive“. During their marriage"all my energy and attention was devoted to trying to help her solve her problems. Unfortunately, I didn't have much success."
Willy is the victim of society, particularly a victim of a harsh economic system that first uses and then discards him.
Important Quotations
“Because [Biff] thinks I’m nothing, see, and so he spites me. But the funeral—straightening up: Ben, that funeral will be massive! They’ll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire! All the old-timers with the strange license plates— that boy will be thunder-struck, Ben, because he never realized —I am known!”
“ I put thirty-four years into this firm,Howard, and now I can’t pay my insurance! You can’t eat the orange and throw the peel away ---- a man is not a piece of fruit!”
《推销员之死》 Death of a salesman
playwright Tragedy and The Common Man Death of A Salesman
". . . the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing ---- his sense of personal dignity." －－ AM in "Tragedy and the Common Man"
不仅强者、胜者，就是那些弱者、被鱼肉的失败者，也相信这 种美国的自由。经过了西奥多·罗斯福时代的迚步主义的洗礼， 到了大萧条时代，那些失业者、失败者们，还是相信摩根、卡 耐基时代的美国梦，把失败的责仸归咎于自身。据研究大萧条 到二战时期的美国的著名历史学家戴维·肯尼迪记述，在大萧条 时代，纽约每个周末，都有几万工人被送到体育场看橄榄球， 等比赛结束、大家过完瘾后，老板出来宣布：对不起，大家现 在被解雇。当时妇女不工作，一个人的工资要养活全家。这样 解雇，等于每周几万家庭砸了饭碗。但是，当时很少有暴力反 抗，人们认命，责怪自己不争气。肯尼迪的父亲就是当时的失 业者，一生不提那一段艰难的经历，即使儿子反复追问，也难 以启齿。因为他觉得得自己丢了工作不光彩，幵不觉得社会或 老板对不起自己。他们觉得美国给了他们机会，失败只有怪自己。
The Tragedy of Willy
Willy is the victim of the American dream. His tragedy is caused by his faith in accomplishing it, which means success through working hard and obtaining others’ acceptance by popular personality. He believes “ a man can end up with deing liked.” Though he has carried out this doctrine for nearly forty years, he has to commit suicide to declare the complete bankruptcy of his life-long dream.
剧中的威利·洛曼，就是密勒的 父辈那样痴迷于美国梦的一个推销 员。他不仅自己一生追逐财富， 而且也教育孩子同样的哲学。 最后，人老了，跑不动了， 不得不央求比自己年轻得多的老 板不要解雇自己。那句吞下自己 的尊严哀求的台词，成了战后美 国的一句名言：“你不能吃了桔 子就把皮给扔掉，人不是水果！ ”最后山穷水尽，自己一直视为 骄傲的儿子，也被自己灌输的人 生哲学所毒害，没有一个争气。
Arthur Miller was born in a Jewish family in October, 1915 in New York City, the son of a clothing manufacturer who was ruined during the economic depression of the 1930s. He held odd jobs after high school to pay his way at the University of Michigan, where he began to write plays.
米勒试图说服被大萧条打得落花流水的父亲： 要责怪的不仅仅是个人，这个弱肉强食的资本主义制度， 才应该为一切承担主要责仸。
我的绝望主要来自典型的大萧条症状。
米勒终生被这种后遗症困扰，对以 美国梦为代表的资本主义社会主流 观念的质询贯穿他的艺术生涯。在 《推销员之死》一剧中，美国梦破灭 的主题得到淋漓尽致的诠释。怀抱 天真幻想的小人物的个人奋斗遭残 酷现实打败，社会发展的车轮无情 碾过被淘汰的生命，美国梦成为埋 葬自我的幽暗梦魇。
Arthur Miller married Marilyn Monroe in 1956
Arthur Miller with Marilyn Monroe after their wedding
Arthur Miller with Marilyn Monroe: great American artists, but the USA wasn't grateful to either of them.