测控专业英语Unit 4
专业英语(测控专业)
Lession 1Function in use•normal probability function 概率正态分布函数•orthonormal function 正交函数•self-correlation function 自相关函数•trigonometrical function 三角函数•unbounded function 无界函数•unit step function 单位阶跃函数•zero Bessel function 零次贝塞尔函数•function of first degree 一次函数•function of many variables 多元函数•function of random variable 随机变量函数Periodic signals 周期信号Time-domain description 时域描述Polynomial expansion 多项式Taylor series 泰勒级数Fourier series 傅里叶级数Frequency-domain description 频域描述Orthogonal function 正交函数Vectors 矢量Description in dictionary•描述：描述的行为，过程或技术•声明，叙述：描述某事的声明或叙述•用画表示：•一种，一类：Description in text•A discussion of orthogonal functions and of their value for the description of signals may be conveniently introduced by considering the analogy between signals and vectors.•通过分析信号和矢量之间的相似之处，引入用来描述信号的正交函数概念。
Description in use•published a description of her travels; gave a vivid description of the game•出版她的游记；关于这场比赛的生动描述•Monet's ethereal descriptions of haystacks and water lilies.•莫内关于干干草垛和睡莲的精妙描绘•cars of every size and description.•各种大小和类型的小汽车Function in dictionary•作用，功能•职务，职责•角色，工作•重大聚会，庆典•函数：功能：•操作：子程序•Function in text•The fact that great majority of functions which may usefully be considered as signals are functions of lends justification to the treatment of signal theory in terms of time and of frequency.•借助于时间和频率的信号处理理论，许多常被看作是信号的函数都用来进行信号处理。
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit 4
Unit4
Error Principle
Байду номын сангаас
In this case, special consideration must also be given to determining how the calculated error levels in each separate measurement should be combined together to give the best estimate of the most likely error magnitude in the calculated output quantity. 译为：在这种情况下，对于在每个单独的测量中，如 何确定计算的误差等级，以及在计算输出量中给与尽可 能最佳的误差幅度估计，还必须给予特殊的考虑。
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Unit4
Error Principle
Other sources of systematic error include bent meter needles, the use of uncalibrated instruments, drift in instrument characteristics and poor cabling practices. Even when systematic errors due to the above factors have been reduced or eliminated, some errors remain that are inherent in the manufacture of an instrument. These are quantified by the accuracy figure quoted in the published specifications contained in the instrument data sheet.
《测控技术与仪器专业英语》张凤登UNIT-4-电路-参考译文及练习答案
(4-9)
已知电流 i=dq/dt 的，将该变量代入上式，可以消除方程中的积分。由此可得到一个二阶微 分方程
L d 2q dq q +R + =e 2 dt dt C
练习答案 1. Use the information from the reading passage to complete the answer below. (1) It has an effect on total line voltage. (2) Their individual characteristics are unchanged. (3) Current is commonly used as reference. (4) They will be in phase. (5) The difference of XL and XC must be determined. (6) They are the Pythagorean Theorem-based formula, phasoral layout and triangulation. (7) It represents total impedance. (8) It refers to the fact that XL and XC are equal, and line voltage and current are in phase. 2. Fill in the following blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. (1) triangulation (2) Impedance (3) reactive (4) capacitors (5) inductive (6) Resistive (7) magnetic (8) electromotive 3. Select the best choices to complete the article. (1) transformer (2) down (3) generated (4) little (5) current (6) resistance (7) less (8) low (9) Direct (10) alternating current
测控专业英语课后单词及翻译
P1U1A Electrical Networks 电路network n. 网络，电路resistor n. 电阻器inductor n. 电感器capacitor n. 电容器passive network 无源网络active network 有源网络characteristic adj. 特性(的)；n. 特性曲线Ohm n. 欧姆Faraday n. 法拉第electric charge 电荷integral n. 积分increment n. 增量armature n. 电枢，衔铁，加固aforementioned adj. 上述的，前面提到的represent v. 代表，表示，阐明amplify v. 放大symbolic adj. 符号的，记号的mesh n. 网孔Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律loop current 回路电流voltage drop 电压降in series 串联differential adj. 微分的；n. 微分variable n. 变量outline n. 轮廓；v. 提出……的要点eliminate v. 消除，对消[1] In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.就电阻来说，电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。
欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。
Which做关系代词，以引出非限制性定语从句。
[2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit.或许在电路中，人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。
2018-测控技术与仪器科技英语-word范文 (12页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==测控技术与仪器科技英语篇一：测控技术与仪器科技英语第四课翻译与课文Unit 4Digital Signal Processing (DSP)Having heard a lot about digital signal processing (DSP) technology , investigate why DSP is preferred to analog circuitry for many types of operations , and discover how to learn enough to design your own DSP system .This article , the first of a series , is an opportunity to take a substantial first step towards finding answers to your question .This series is an introduction to DSP topics from the point of analog system designers seeking additional tools for handing analog signal. Designers reading this series can lean about the possibilities of DSP to deal with analog signals and where to find additional sources of information and assistance.4.1 What Is DSP?In brief, DSPs are processors or microcomputers whose hardware, software, and instruction sets are optimized high-speed numeric processing applications-an essential for processing digital data representing analog signals in real time. What a DSP does is straightforward. When acting as a digital filter, for example, the DSP receives digital values based on samples of a signal, calculates the results of a filter function operating on these values, and provides digital values that represent the filter output; it can also provide system control signals based on properties of these values. The DSP’s high-speed arithmetic and logical hardware is programmed to rapidly execute algorithms modeling the filter transformation.The combination of design elements a arithmetic operators, memory handling, instruction set, parallelism, data addressing that provide this ability forms the key difference between DSPs and other kinds of processors. Understanding the relationship between real-time signal and DSP Calculation speed provides some background on just how special this combination is .The real-time signal comes to the DSP asa train of individualsamples from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) .To do filtering in real-time, the DSP must complete all the calculations and operations required for processing each samples (usually updating a process involving many previous samples ) before the next sample arrives. To perform high-order filtering of real-world signals having significant frequency content calls for really fast processors.4.2 Why Use a DSP?To get an ideal of the type of calculations of DSP dose and get an ideal of how an analog circuit compares with a DSP system , one could compare the two systems in terms of a filter function. The familiar analog filter uses resistors ,capacitors,inductors ,amplifiers .It can be cheap and easy to assemble ,but difficult to calibrate,modify, and maintain a difficulty that increases exponentially with filter order .For many purposes, one can more easily design ,modify,and depend on filters using a DSP because the filter function on the DSP is software-based, flexible ,and repeatable.Further,to createflexibly adjustable filter s with higher-order response requires only software modifications,with no additional hardware unlike purely analog circuits .An ideal bandpass filter,with the frequency response shown in Fig.4.1,would have the following characteristics:? a response within the passband that is completely flat with zero phase shift? infinite attenuation in the stopband.Useful additions would include:? passband tuning and width control? Stopband rolloff controlAs Fig.4.1 shows, an analog approach using second-order filters would require quite a few staggered high-Q sections; the difficulty of tuning and adjusting it can beimagined.With DSP software ,there are two basic approaches to filter design : finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response(IIR) .The FIR filter's time response to an impulse is thestraightforward weighted sum of the present and a finite number of previousinput samples. Having no feedback,its response to a given sample ends when the sample reaches the "end of the line "(Fig. 4 . 2). An FIR filter's frequency response has no poles, only zeros. The IIR filter , by comparison, is called infinite because it is a recursivefunction:its output is a weighed sum of inputs and outputs. Since itis recursive , its response can continue indefinitely . An IIR filter frequency response has both poles and zeros. .The x(s) are the input samples, y(s) are the output samples, a(s) are input sample weighings, and b(s) are sample weighings. Nis thepresent sample time, and M and N are the number of samples programmed (the filter's order). Note that the arithmetic operations indicatedfor both types are simply sums and products in potentially great number. In fact ,multiply-and-add is the case for many DSP algorithms that represent mathematical operations of great sophistication and complexity.Approximating an ideal filter consists of applying a transferfunction with appropriate coefficients and a high enough order , or number of taps (considering the train of input samples as tappeddelay line). Fig. 4.3shows the response of a 90-tap FIR filter compared with sharp-cutoff Chebyshev filters of various orders. The90-tap example suggests how close the filter can come toapproximating an ideal filter. Within a DSP system, programming a 90-tap FIR filter like the one in Fig. 4.3 is not a difficult task. By comparison, it would no be cost-effective to attempt this level of approximation with a purely analog circuit. Another crucial point in favor of using a DSP to approximate the ideal fillter is long-term stability. With an FIR (or an IIR having sufficientresolution to avoid truncation-error buildup), the programmable DSP achieves the same response,time after time. Purely analog filter responses of high order areless stable with time.Mathematical transform theory and practice are the core requirementfor creating DSP application and understanding their limits. This article series walks through a few signal-analysis and-processing examples to introduce DSP concepts. The series also provides references to texts for further study and identifies software tools that case the development of signal-processing software.4.3 Sampling Real-world SignalsReal-world phenomena are analog the continuously changing energylevels of physical processes like sound, light, heat, electricity, magnetism, A transducer converts these levels into manageableelectrical voltage and current signals, and an ADC sampling frequency, of the ADC is critically important in digital processing processingof real-world signals.This sampling rate is determined by the amount of signal information that is needed for processing the signal adequately for a given application. In order for an ADC to provide enough samples to accurately describe the real-world signal, the sampling rate must beat least twice the highest-frequency component of the analog signal. For example, to accurately describe an audio signal containing frequencies up to 20kHz, the ADC must sample the signal at a minimumof 40kHz. Since arriving signal can easily contain component frequencies above 20kHz (including noise), they must be removedbefore sampling by feeding the signal through a low-pass filter, is intend to remove the frequencies above 20kHz that could corrupt the converted signal.However, the anti-aliasing filter has a finite frequency rolloff, so additional bandwidth must be provided for the filter's transition band. For example, with an inputsignal bandwidth of 20kHz, one might allow 2 to 4kHz of extra bandwidth.Figure 4.4 depicts the filter needed to reject any signals with frequencies above half of a 48kHz sampling rate.Second sample .The time between samples is the time budget for the DSP to preform all processing tasks.For the audio example ,a 48kHz sample rate corresponds to a 20.833vs sampling interval. Fig.4.5 relates the the analog signal and digital sample rate .图Next consider the relation between the speed of the DSP andcomplexity of the algorithm (the software containing the transform or other set of numeric operations ).Complex algorithm require more processing tasks.Because the time between samples is fixed ,thehigher complexity calls for faster processing .For example ,suppose that the algorithm requires 50 processing operations to be performed。
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit
全句译为：然而，供应电压从5V衰减到3.3V甚至更低， 以及系统中多种电压形式的出现，并不只是对最智能的传 感器提出的考验。
Separate integrated circuits (ICs) are available to handle the variety of voltages and resolve the problem, but they add to system and sensor complexity. 译为：单独的集成电路（ICs）可用来处理各种不同的电压 并解决问题，但它们增加了系统和传感器的复杂ors
Some of those same semiconductor manufacturers are actively working on smarter silicon devices for the input and output sides of the control system as well. The term microelectromechanical system (MEMS)（微机电系统） is used to describe a structure created with semiconductor manufacturing processes for sensors and actuators.
译为：在今天几乎一切的技术领域都将智能一词作为 其前缀的候选。智能传感器这一术语是在20世纪80年代 中期出现的，从那以后，一些设备已被称之为智能传感器。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
The intelligence required by such devices is available from microcontroller unit (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technologies developed by several semiconductor manufacturers.
测控专业英语韩建国课文翻译
CHAPTER.1Introduction to Measurement Unit1Definition of Measurement and Measurement Theory1.Definition of Measurment一个可能的操作的描述术语,同意我们的直觉测量是以下,测量是获取信息”,外表的信息收集是其中最重要的方面进行测量,测量学习对象的测量,测量。
这意味着一个测量必须描述关于该状态,或者在世界的现象——围绕我们,我们是测量。
必须有一个关系状态或现象和测量的结果。
尽管方面获得信息是小学它仅仅是一个必要的和非充分方面的测量:当一个人阅读一本教科书、一个收集信息,但是一个不执行一个测量。
第二个方面是,它的测量须有选择性的。
它可能只提供有关我们希望测量(测量),而不是任何其他的许多州或现象在我们周围。
这方面也是必要的,但不足以方面的测量。
欣赏一幅画在一个空荡荡的房间将提供信息只有这幅画,但不构成测量。
第三个和必要的方面在于它必须测量的目的。
测量的结果必须独立于一个任意的观察者。
每个观察者必须提取相同的信息从测量和必须得出了同样的结论。
然而,这几乎是不可能的,一个观察者只使用他/她的感官,观察和我们的感官是高度主观的。
我们的意义上的温度,例如,很大程度上取决于任何感觉热或冷前测量。
这是证明了试图确定一壶水温度用手。
如果手首先浸泡在冷水,壶里的水会觉得相对温暖的手,而如果是第一个浸泡在温水,水在壶会觉得相对冷。
除了我们的观察”知道,我们人类观察员也残疾的事实有许多州或现象在现实世界的我们,我们不能观察(e.g.磁场),或者只差(e、g、极低的温度下或高速运动)。
为了保证测量的客观性因此,我们必须使用文物(工具或工具)。
这些工具的任务是把国家或现象受到观察到一个不同的状态或现象,不能被误解的观察者。
换句话说,该仪器将初始观察到一个表示,所有的观察者可以观察并将同意。
为测量仪器的输出,因此*客观可观察到的输出如数字应该使用一个字母数字显示,而不是主观评估诸如颜色等。
【测控专业英语】Calibration and Operating Characteristic 校准及运行特性.
测控技术与仪器专业英语
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Unit 4
Calibration
The calibration procedure and instrument performance 3.1 checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument． 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商在随仪器提供 的手册中指定或设置。 Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere 3.6 with the records for an instrument and accelerate progressive drift in values. 频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的 逐渐地漂移。
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Unit 4
Calibration
Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement 1.1 instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement with an established standard. 校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致（匹配）而将 一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他已知准确度的仪器相 比较的过程。
测控技术与仪器专业英语
16
1 Measurement
When the measured variable is continuously varied over 2.2 the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以离 散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而非连续方式。这类测量仪 器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。
测控技术与仪器专业英语词汇
Lesson 1Accuracy 精确性、精度Amplitude 振幅，幅度Channel 信道，频道Coefficient 系数Convergence 收敛Differentiate 求……的微分Expansion 展开式Harmonic 谐波的Instant 瞬时，时间Integrate 求……的积分Linear 线性的Order 次序，阶Peak 最高的，最高峰Periodicity 周期Phase 相位Polynomial 多项式的，多项式Resistor 电阻器Series 展成级数，级数Taylor series 泰勒级数Set 集合Sinusoidal 正弦的Time domain 时域frequency-domain 频域integrand 被积函数Lesson 2decay 衰减duration 持续时间exponential 指数的multiplier 乘数，乘法器oscillatory 振荡的frequency density function 频率密度函数Fourier series 傅立叶级数Spectrum 频谱Imaginary part of complex 复数的虚部Real part of complex 复数的实部Conjugate pairs 共轭对Lesson 3algorithm 算法decaying oscillatory function 衰减振荡函数power series 幂级数shift operator 移位算子product 乘积electrical disturbance 电干扰sampled-data signal 数据采样信号be proportional to 与…成正比Lesson 5dead-band 死区hysteresis 滞后linearity 线性度measurand 被测量oscilloscope 示波器performance 特性precision 精确度resolution 分辨率static friction 静态摩擦sensitivity 灵敏度calibration 校准loading effect 负载效应slop 斜率platinum 铂thermometer 温度计in cascade with 与…串联in parallel with 与…并联lever 杠杆displacement 位移indicated value示值true value 真值deflection 偏转possible error 可能误差probable error 概率误差root-sum-square error 方和根误差Lesson 6overshoot 过调量，超调量transient response 瞬态响应variable 变量ramp 斜坡resonance 共振step input 阶跃输入step response 阶跃响应transient 瞬态的first-order system 一阶系统static error 静态误差dynamic error 动态误差time constant 时间常数frequency response 频率响应damping ratio 阻尼比under-damp 欠阻尼over-damp 过阻尼mass-spring system 质量-弹簧系统steady-state 稳态rise time 上升时间settling time 建立时间（过渡过程时间）specification 性能指标tolerance 容差Lesson 7capacitance 电容deformation 变形distortion 变形，扭曲electromagnetic 电磁的gauge 表，仪器，计strain gauge 应变计crystalline material 晶体材料voltage 电压current 电流harmonics 谐波inductance 电感，感应infrared 红外的linearize 线性化natural frequency 固有频率mutual-inductance 互感photoconductive cell 光电导管photoelectric effect 光电效应piezo-electric 压电的potential divider 分压器potentiometer 电位计，电位器精品文库resistance 电阻thermistor 热敏电阻transducer 转换器，传感器cross-sectional area 截面积excitation voltage 激励电压full-scale 满量程rotary 旋转的translational 平移的mechanical wear 机械磨损inertia 惯性power dissipation 功耗illumination 照度transparent 透明的Lesson 8coupling 耦合flux 磁通impedance 阻抗permeability 磁导率permittivity 电容率，介电系数reluctance 磁阻variable-distance capacitive transducer 变间距式电容式传感器oscillation circuit 振荡电路l.v.d.t 线性差动变压器piezo-electric transducer 压电式传感器charge amplifier 电荷放大器parallel-plate capacitor 平板电容器variable-reluctance transducer 变磁阻传感器liquid level 液位Lesson 9apparatus 仪器attenuator 衰减器bandwidth 带宽battery 电池be inversely proportional to 与成反比be proportional to 与成正比capacitor 电容feedback 反馈gain 增益operational amplifier 运算放大器semiconductor 半导体terminal 终端test probe 探针voltmeter 电压表multirange 多量程variable resistor 可变电阻Lesson 10duty cycle 占空比timerbase 时基register 寄存器signal conditioning 信号调理threshold 阈值trigger 触发器Lesson 11adapter boarder 适配板analog-to-digital conversion模数转换desktop 工作平台distortion 失真dynamic 动态的expansion slot 扩展槽generator 发生器interface 接口local area network LAN 局域网motherboard 母板scale 刻度slot 长槽workbench 工作台computer-aided testing（CAT）计算机辅助测试desktop personal computer台式个人计算机knob 旋钮16-channel analog-to-digitalconversion board 16通道模/数转换板12-bit resolution 12位分辨率buffer 缓冲器interface 接口data-gathering device 数据采集装置Lesson 12active element 有源元件bias 偏差，偏置current intensity 电流electrode 电极field-effect transistor FET场效应管grid 格子，栅极integrated circuit 集成电路magnetic field 磁场passive component 无源元件photocell 光电管sensor 传感器，敏感元件thermocouple 热电偶transducer 变换器，换能器，传感器vacuum tube 真空管，电子管Lesson 13cache memory 高速缓冲存储器，高速缓存control unit 控制器，控制部件drain 场效应管的漏集dynamic RAM （DRAM）动态随机存取存储器gate 门（电路），管子的栅极local memory 局部存储器，本地存储器metal-oxide-semiconductorfield effect transistor（MOSFET）金属氧化物半导体场效应管microcontroller 微控制器microprocessor微处理器monitor 监视器mouse 鼠标精品文库printer打印机static RAM （SRAM）静态RAMultra-large-scale integratedcircuit 超大规模集成电路。
【测控专业英语】ProcessControlSystem过程控制系统解读
8
2 Measuring Transmitter
2– A resistance element converts temperature into a
resistance value, and the resistance transducer converts the resistance value into an electric current signal. – Other primary elements are handled in a similar manner.
3
Main content
1
Process
Measuring Transmitter Controller Manipulating Element
2
3 4 5
Process Control
4
1 Process
– The process block in Fig. 7.1 represents everything performed in and by the equipment in which a variable is controlled. – The process includes everything that affects the controlled or process variable except the controller and the final control element.
测控技术与仪器专业 英语
测控技术与仪器专业英语Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments Measurement and control technology plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, research, and development.As a specialized field, it requires professionals with excellent skills and knowledge in areas such as sensors, data acquisition, signal conditioning, and control systems. The Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments program trains students to become proficient in all aspects of this field. In this article, we will explore the key subjects and skills covered in this program.1. Sensor Technology:Sensors are vital components in measurement and control systems. Students in this program learn about different types of sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and position sensors. They study how sensors work, how to select the appropriate sensor for a specific application, and how to calibrate and maintain sensors.2. Data Acquisition:Collecting accurate and reliable data is crucial for measurement and control systems. Students learn various data acquisition techniques, including analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, and sampling theory. They gain hands-on experience with data acquisition systems and software tools used for data analysis and visualization.3. Signal Conditioning:In order to obtain accurate measurements, signals from sensorsneed to be conditioned and processed. Students learn about techniques for amplification, filtering, linearization, and noise reduction. They understand the importance of signal conditioning in maintaining data integrity and accuracy.4. Control Systems:Control systems are central to measurement and automation processes. Students study different types of control systems, such as feedback control, feedforward control, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. They learn about system modeling, stability analysis, and controller tuning. They gain practical experience in designing and implementing control systems for various applications.5. Measurement Techniques:This program emphasizes different measurement techniques used in industrial and scientific settings. Students gain knowledge of measurement principles, uncertainty analysis, and standards. They learn about techniques such as calibration, metrology, and error analysis. They also study measurement instruments and their applications, including oscilloscopes, multimeters, spectrometers, and chromatographs.6. Instrumentation and Automation:Instrumentation and automation are integral parts of measurement and control technology. Students learn about different instruments used in industrial processes and research laboratories. They study automation techniques, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs), distributed control systems (DCS), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. They become proficient indesigning and implementing modern instrumentation and automation solutions.7. Industrial Applications:Measurement and control technology has wide application in various industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace, energy, and medicine. Students learn about the specialized requirements and challenges of different industries. They study case studies and real-world projects to gain practical insights into applying measurement and control techniques to solve industrial problems.In conclusion, the Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments program covers a comprehensive range of subjects and skills necessary for professionals in this field. From sensor technology to control systems and from data acquisition to instrumentation and automation, students gain a solid foundation in measurement and control principles. With this knowledge, they can contribute to improving the efficiency, reliability, and safety of industrial processes and scientific research.。
测绘工程专业英语翻译Unit4
Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement （角度和方向测量）Horizontal and vertical angles are fundamental measurements in surveying.（水平角和竖直角是测量的 基本测量工作）It is necessary to be familiar with the meanings of certain basic terms beforedescribing angle and direction measurement.（在描述角度和方向测量之前，有必要熟悉【be familiar with 熟悉】几个【certain 某些】基本术语的含义【meaning 】）The terms discussed here have reference to the actual figure of the earth.（这里讨论的这些术语与地 球的真实形状有关【have reference to 与……有关】）Basic Terms （基本术语）A vertical line at any point A vertical line at any point on the earth’s surface is the line that follows the direction on the earth’s surface is the line that follows the direction of gravity at that point.（地球表面任一点的垂线是指这点上沿着重力的方向的线【可译为：地球表面任一点的垂线方向 是过该点的重力方向】）It is the direction that a string will assume if a weight is attached at that point and the string is suspended freely at the point. （如果在这点上用线悬挂一个重物，当线自由【即无干扰】静止【suspended 暂停的、悬浮的】时，这条线所呈现【assume 呈现】的方向即重力方向。
测控专业英语翻译
测控专业英语翻译Unit 1 Measurement, Control and InstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
测控专业英语4
An Introduction to Data Acquisition
When data from a number of independent signal sources must be processed by the same microcomputer or communications channel, a multiplexer is used to channel the input signals into the A/D converter. Multiplexers are also used in reverse, as when a converter must distribute analog information to many different channels. The multiplexer is fed by a D/A converter which continually refreshes the output channels with new information.
句中from monolithic ICs to potted modules意为“从单块集成 电路到封装模块”， rack-mounted modules意为“安于机架 上的模块”， manual scaling and null adjustments意为“手动 缩放和零位调整” 。
An Introduction to Data Acquisition
句中Multiplexers意为“多路器” 。
An Introduction to Data Acquisition
In many systems, the analog signal varies during the time that the converter takes to digitize an input signal. The changes in this signal level during the conversion process can result in errors since the conversion period can be completed some time after the conversion command. The final value never represents the data at the instant when the conversion command is transmitted. Sample hold circuits are used to make an acquisition of the varying analog signal and to hold this signal for the duration of the conversion process. Sample-hold circuits are common in multichannel distribution systems where they allow each channel to receive and hold the signal level.
北师大版高中英语同步测控必修第二册精品课件 UNIt 4 Section Ⅴ
英语
如何写个人简历 写作指导
写个人简历要说明个人的基本情况,重点介绍自己的学习情况、个人爱 好、社会实践活动以及喜欢做某事的原因。尤其是当个人简历与求职有 关时,需要说明胜任某项工作的个人优势。
常用句式 1.Born in a...family,I am an ordinary senior high student. 2.I,monitor of our class,am an outgoing student. 3.I am interested in science and have a gift for music. 4.I’m willing to help others and often do voluntary work in my spare time. 5.I am fluent in English/I have a good command of English. 6.I acquired a high level of fluency in both spoken and written English. 7.I have a wide range of hobbies,among which...is my favourite. 8.Once awarded first prize in a writing competition,I became confident of my competence in words. 9.My dream is to be admitted to an ideal university. 10.I’m confident/convinced that I am fully qualified for this job.
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一个测量仪器能够测量在其测量范围内的任意变量值。 范围是由范围的下限和范围的上限共同定义的。
The span is the difference between the upper range 1.4 limit and the lower range limit． Span=upper range limit-lower range limit 跨度是上下限之间的差：跨度=范围上限-范围下限
1 Measurement
2.2 When the measured variable is continuously varied over the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以 离散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而非连续方式。这类测量仪 器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。
Unit 4
1.1
Calibration
Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement with an established standard.
Main content
1
Measurement
Operation
2
3
Environmental Effects
1 Measurement
A measuring instrument can measure any value of a 1.1 variable within its range of measurement. The range is defined by the lower range limit and the upper range limit．
如果参数非常接近公差限，并且有理由相信其可能 在下次校准前超差，则要例外。 3.9 The decision to adjust instruments that are close to the specified limits depends on the type of instrument and on the operating practice and philosophy of the laboratory doing the recalibration.
需要控制的环境因素通常包括温度、湿度、振动、粉尘、 无线频率干扰、接地和线电压调节。
Unit 4
Calibration
The calibration procedure and instrument performance 3.1 checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument． 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商在随仪器提 供的手册中指定或设置。 Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere 3.6 with the records for an instrument and accelerate progressive drift in values. 频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的逐 渐地漂移。
③The uncertainty of the standard used for calibration．
仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素：① 距离上次校准的 时间； ②校准和使用时的温差； ③用于标定的标准的不确 定度。
Unit 4
Calibration
2.1 In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments for periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures．
Questions beforibration, and why do people perform it at specified intervals? 校准 Q2 What are the standards, and what requirement must they satisfy? Q3
校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致 （匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他 已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。
Unit 4
Calibration
The established standard is normally of at least four 1.3 times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multiple standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible． 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者 当四倍标准不可行时，则采用多重标准平均方式。 To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it 1.5 indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument． 也就是说，仪器校准表明了其测量误差的确定限度。
在大多数组织中，校准由一个独立（或单独的）小组 负责。这个小组负责维护现行标准，对仪器的周期性校准 和检定进行记录，并清楚了解最近一次校准的过程。
Unit 4
Calibration
The standards laboratory should have environmental 2.5 controls to assure consistency because environmental factors can affect the accuracy of certain standards and the performance of instruments. 由于环境因素能影戏那个某些标准的准确度和仪器的 性能，所以，标准实验室应具备环境控制（装置）保证 （校准和使用的）一致性。 Environmental factors that are controlled usually 2.8 include temperature, humidity, vibration, dust, radiofrequency interference, grounding, and line voltage regulation．
range 范围 span 跨度 resolution 分辨率 dead band 死区 threshold 阈值 sensitivity 灵敏度 overload 过载 recovery time 回复时间 saturation effect 饱和效应
Questions before reading
Q1 What are the meanings of range, span, and what are the differences between them? Q2 How are resolution, dead-band and sensitivity related to an increase of measurement? Q3 What are the reliability, over-range and drift? Q4 What does environment of an experiment include?
Chapter 1 Introduction to Measurement
Unit 4
Calibration
测控技术与仪器专业英语
Words and Expressions
criterion 标准、准则 established standard 现有标准 multiple standard 多重标准 feasible 可行的 specified limit 制定的限度 calibrate 校准 performance check 性能检查 progressive drift 逐渐地漂移 tolerance limit 随机误差
1 Measurement
The dead band of a measuring instrument is the 3.1 smallest change in the measured variable that will result in a measurable change in the output. 测量仪器的死区是对应于输出可测变化的被测量最小 变化值。 Obviously, a measuring instrument cannot measure 3.2 changes in the measured variable that are smaller than its dead band．Threshold is another name for dead band． 很明显，测量仪器无法测量被测量小于其死区的变化。 阈值是死区的另一个名称。