专升本英语语法练习题及答案解析

几道非谓语动词作
1. He walked in, _____A____ a book in his hand, went to a table near the window and sat down in silence.
A. carrying
B. carried
C. to carry
D. having carried
【解析】答案选A。

此题考查分词作状语的用法。

首先不定式表示目的和将来可以排除；having done强调动作的完成，不符合题意，只剩下A和B，这是一个并列句，句中有三个谓语动词walked in, went to 和sat down。

句中的carrying a book in his hand是现在分词，用作状语，修饰walked in，表伴随。

提醒：此题易错选B。

2. _____B_____for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.
A. having ignored
B. Having been ignored
C. to have been ignored
D. to be ignored
【解析】正确答案为B。

此题考查分词作状语。

因ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A。

至于C和D，首先可排除D，因为它是不定式的一般式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；而C是不定式的完成式，一般不作时间状语。

3. _____B_____ to the consumers, more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads. A. Appealed B. to appealed C. appealing D. to be appealed
【解析】正确答案为B，考查不定式的用法。

首先可以排除A和D，因为appeal是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，从句意来看，题目想表达的是为了吸引消费者，不定式作目的状语，而现在分词一般情况下不能表目的，所以选B。

4.—What’s the matter with you?
—____D___ the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.
A. Having carried
B. Carried
C. While carrying
D. While I was carrying
【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语需要和主句主语一致，此题中，主句的主语是my waist，而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，所以不能用非谓语动词，只能用状语从句，所以选D。

5. ____D____with enough instruments necessary for the experiment, these scientists are expecting to finish it ahead of time. A. To be supplied B. to supplied C. supplying D. supplied
【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词作状语。

这句话的主语是scientists，与非谓语动词supply是动宾关系，也就是被提供，因此排除了B和C，不定式作状语表示将来和目的，与题意不符，所以选D。

英语冠词典型考题讲练
1. Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填B.a; 不填C. a; the D.不填; the
2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence. A. the;
a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.
A.不填；a
B.不填；the
C. a ; the
D. the ; the
4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.
A. The; 不填
B. The; a
C. An; the
D. An; 不填
6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ________ 17th century cottage. A. the , /
B. an, the
C. /, the
D. an, a
7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.
A. the; a
B. the; 不填
C. a; the
D. a; 不填
8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life. A.a, the
B. the, a
C. /, the
D. a, /
9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.
A. a, the
B. a, a
C. the, a
D.不填, 不填
10.The most important thing about cotton in history is________ part that it played in________ Industrial Revolution. A.不填；不填 B. the；不填C. the; the D. a; the
11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of colour.
A. a…不填
B. a…the
C.不填…the
D. the…a
12.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.
—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some, a
B. an, some
C. some, some
D. an, a
13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today. A. a; /
B. the; an
C. the; the
D. /；the
14.—Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere().
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. the; a
D. a; a
15.Paper money was in________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in________ thirteenth century.
A. the; 不填
B. the; the
C.不填; the
D.不填; 不填
16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a
B.不填; a
C. the; the
D.不填; the
17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
A.不填, the
B.不填, an
C. an, an
D. the, the
18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button. ” A. / ; a B./ ; the
C. the; the
D. a; a
19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.
A. the; the
B. the; 不填
C.不填；不填
D.不填；the
1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。

又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。

2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为“没说一句话”；虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名
词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the。

3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词。

leave
college意为“大学毕业”。

又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A。

4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。

句意为“如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”。

5. B. 因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。

又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。

6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。

句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。

7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。

句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。

8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。

又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。

have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。

9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示“一个…的世界”时，要用不定冠词。

题中两个world
都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词。

句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。

10.C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用the；又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the。

11. A. 因为discovery作“被发现的事物”讲是可数名词，前面用不定冠词，又如，make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现)。

man作“人、人类”解，是既没有复数形式，也不能在前面加冠词的，understanding前又受名词所有格man’s修饰，也不能用冠词，所以第二空不用冠词。

12. A。

information 是不可数名词，前面不用冠词，因此排除B 和D；have a word with是固定短语，意为“和某人谈一下”。

句意为“我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料”。

“好的，你可以和饭店经理谈，他会帮你的”。

13. A。

此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况。

抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化，a knowledge of English意为“懂英语”；而international trade是泛指，意为“国际贸易”，前面不用冠词。

句意为“很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的”。

14. D。

此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法。

第一句句意为“你看见一支钢笔吗？”是泛指，用不定冠词。

第二空“是黑色的吗？”不是二次提及上文的钢笔，也是泛指，故也用不定冠词。

15. C。

(be) in use是固定词组,意为“在使用中”；第二空是序数词前要加定冠词，the thirteenth century 指第13世纪。

句意为“十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时，中国已用纸币”。

16.B。

animals 是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词；kind是单数可数名词，of…kind“…种类的”。

根据句意“多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系，除非它们以其为食”。

可指应用a表示泛指。

17.C。

句意为“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历”。

airplane表泛指，以元音开头用an；experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词，因此表示“一次经历”要加不定冠词。

18. B。

fire泛指“火灾,失火”，不用冠词；red button 是特指，第二空用the。

句意为“那块牌子上写着：“万一失火，打碎这块玻璃，按那个红色按钮”。

19.B。

第一空用the表示特指“今日的新闻”；第二空reports是复数名词表泛指，不加冠词。

句意为“在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道”。

英语基础语法常考题·附解析
1. ─What are you reading, Jane?
─Some books on ________ education, I’m now interested in ________ education of young people. A. an; the
B. /; the
C. the; an
D. an；/
2. —You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday.
—Oh, I________ for a friend from Beijing at the railway station.
A. was waiting
B. had waited
C. am waiting
D. have waited
3. —Little Jim has been eating sweets all day.
—It’s no ________ he is not hungry
A. matter
B. doubt
C. problem
D. wonder
4. Comrade Wang ________ be in Shanghai—I saw him in the company only a few minutes ago. A. m ustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. isn’t able to
5. It was not until I got home ________ I found my wallet missing.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. which
6. The number of the people present at the concert ________ much smaller than expected. There ________ many tickets left.
A. was; was
B. were; was
C. were; were
D. was; were
7. ________ you stepped into the lab with your shoes on? You’re supposed to take them off before you enter it. I told you so!
A. How come
B. How dare
C. How about
D. How long8
8. They made no effort to hide their amusement ________ I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
9. ________ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful
A. In a word
B. In general
C. In particular
D. In total
10. She returned home from the office, only ________ the door open and something missing.
A. finding
B. to be found
C. to find
D. found
11. We should ________ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
A. devote
B. spend
C. offer
D. provide
12. The Anti- Japanese War ________ in 1937 and it ________ eight years.
A. broke out; lasted
B. broke out; was lasted
C. was broken out; lasted
D. was broken out; was lasted
13. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building ________others were waiting on the airfield.
A. during
B. where
C. which
D. while
14. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. Which
15. —Let’s go to the zoo this Sunday, OK?
—________. I love to see all kinds of animals.
A. I couldn’t agree more
B. I’m afraid not
C. I believe not
D. I don’t think so
1. B。

第一个education 意为“教育；教育学”，为不可数名词，因此不用冠词；而第二个education 表示特指，意为“年轻人的教育”，因此用定冠词，故答案为B。

2. A。

根据上句中的时间状语的提示可知谓语动词是指过去某时正在发生的事情，因此用过去进行时态，故答案为A。

3. D。

上句“小吉姆整天在吃糖果”是“他不饿”的原因，因此答案为D。

no wonder 意为“难怪，不足为怪。

”
4. B。

情态动词must 表推测时只能用于肯定句。

在否定句中用can’t代替must。

can’t 意为“不可能”；may not 意为“可能不”；be able to 表示经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事的能力，意为“能，会”。

句中的破折号起解释说明的作用。

“我几分钟前在公司见过他”，因此“不可能在上海”，故答案为B。

5. A。

强调句的基本结构由“It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who + 句子其余部分”组成，如果被强调的是人用that 或who；其他用that。

句意为：到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了。

6. D。

the number of 修饰可数名词复数作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；There be 必须与后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

tickets 为复数名词，因此用were。

故答案为D。

7. A。

how come 意为“怎么”；how dare 意为“怎敢”；how about 意为“怎麽样”；how long 意为“多久”。

根据语境“怎么穿着鞋进了实验室？进来之前你该脱掉。

我早告诉过你”可知答案为A。

8. D。

此题考查whenever 引导的时间状语从句。

句意为“每当我从衣袋里拿出一包糖果的时候，他们毫不掩饰他们觉得好笑”。

9. B。

in a word 意为“总之”；in general 意为“一般地；大体上；通常”；in particular 意为“特别”；in total 意为“整个地；总共”。

根据句意“总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了”答案为B。

10. C。

作结果状语时，不定式常表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即预料之外；而分词常表示一种自然而然的结果，即预料之中。

根据语境“发现门开着，有东西丢了”是他没想到的，因此可知应用不定式。

又因句子的主语he 与动词find是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用主动语态，因此答案为C()。

11. A。

devote…to 为习惯用语，意为“把……献给；把……专用于”。

句意为“我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。

”
12. A。

break out 和last 都是不及物动词，都不能用于被动语态，因此答案为A。

句意为“抗日战争1937 年爆发，持续了八年。

”
13. D。

while 作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意为“而、却”。

句意为“当飞机抵达时,一部分侦探等在主楼里面，而另一部分则等在停机坪上。

”
14. B。

as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句，都可以指整个句子，有时可以通用。

但as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。

which 只能放在句中。

句意为“周所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

”
15. A。

上句提出建议“我们周日去动物园好吗？”根据答语中的后句“我喜欢看各种动物”可知是表示赞成对方的建议，故答案为A。

意为“我非常赞成。

”
1. “May I borrow your paper?” “ ________.”
A. By all means
B. Never mind
C. You are welcome
D. Don’t mention it
2. This bird is really lovely, and I’ve never seen ________ one.
A. a finer
B. a finest
C. the finer
D. the finest
3. Since there’s no more work to do, we might just ________ go home.
A. so well
B. as well
C. so good
D. as good
4. He made ________ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.
A. that
B. it
C. himself
D. him
5. That car nearly hit me; I ________.
A. might be killed
B. might have been killed
C. may be killed
D. may been killed
6. “Have you ever eaten snails?” “No, and I hope I ________.”
A. will never
B. never will
C. have never
D. never have
7. She wrote a famous book, and so ________ a place in history.
A. winning
B. to win
C. to have won
D. won
8. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out —I don’t want ________ like this.
A. to see
B. seeing
C. to be seen
D. being seen
9. We make sure we’re always well stocked up with candles, just ________.
A. in case
B. for certain
C. in practice
D. for use
10. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they ________ so much.
A. sink
B. swim
C. jump
D. struggle
11. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get
B. wo n’t get
C. hadn’t got
D. wouldn’t get
12. The little time we have together we try ________ wisely.
A. spending it
B. to spend it
C. to spend
D. spending that
13. You should put on the notices ________ all the people may see them.
A. where
B. in which
C. at
D. for them
14. She took her son, ran out of the house, ________ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put
B. to put
C. putting
D. having put
15. The old house, in front of ________ there is an apple tree, is ________ I used to live.
A. that, the place
B. it, the place
C. which, where
D. what, where
1. A。

by all means 表示同意，意为“完全可以”。

2. A。

I’ve never seen a finer one 的实际意思是This is the finest one I’ve ever seen。

3. B。

might just as well (后接动词原形)的意思是“不如……”或“还是……的好”。

4. B。

it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that he didn’t want to enter politics。

5. B。

表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might+动词完成式。

若只是推测过去可能的事，则可用may [might] + 动词完成式，如He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。

6. B。

根据句意，填空处应用将来时态(实为将来时态的省略式)；另外注意，频度副词本来通常置于助动词之后，但是若省略主要动词，即当频度副词和助动词置于句末时，应将频度副词置于助动词之前。

7. D。

and so won a place…可视为and so he won a place…之省略。

8. C。

want 表示“想要”时，其后通常接不定式，又由于主语与see 之间含有被动关系，故用被动式。

9. A。

in case 在此表示“以防万一”。

10. D。

由句意和常识推知。

11. A。

we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。

12. C。

该句的正常词序为We try to spend the little time we have together wisely.
13. A。

where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。

14. A。

句中四个动词为并列谓语，应时态一致()。

15. C。

第一空应填which，in front of which there is an apple tree 为修饰the old house 的非限制性定语从句；第二空填where，用以引导表语从句。

典型定语从句易错题详解
■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was
B. it was
C. which were
D. them were
【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。

请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is
B. it is
C. which are
D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are
B. it is
C. which is
D. them are
(3) Next month we’ll mo ve to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are
B. it is
C. which is
D. them are
■A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
【易错】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。

【分析】最佳答案为C。

以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。

此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
【易错】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是B。

as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。

比较下面一题：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。

再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选B，第(2)题选D：
(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。

况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。

选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。

有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。

比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like
B. that
C. which
D. as
■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
【易错】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。

【分析】最佳答案是D。

most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。

类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：
(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that
B. him
C. them
D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that
B. who
C. them
D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that
B. who
C. them
D. whom
■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
【易错】容易误选B，用them 代指students。

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。

假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。

比较以下各题(答案均选A)：
(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them
B. which
C. what
D. that
(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them
B. whom
C. which
D. who
■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
【易错】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。

当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。

比较：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的carried out 为过去分词。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。

■ On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是A。

与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。

比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。

whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated。

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选A。

因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选A。

their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。

whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。

whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting。

■ If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。

类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as
B. which
C. and it
D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that
B. which
C. and it
D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
■She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which
B. when
C. how
D. where
【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where。

【分析】正确答案为A。

在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。

一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。

上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。

比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which
B. when
C. how
D. where
请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：
(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which
B. when
C. how
D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词bought 的宾语。

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which
B. when
C. how
D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which
选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。

英语时态考题专练（有详解）
1. We ________ to move but are still considering where to go to.
A. are deciding
B. decided
C. have decided
D. had decided
2. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who ________ it?
A. took
B. has taken
C. will take
D. had taken
3.They won’t buy any new clothes because they ________ money to buy a new car.
A. save
B. were saving
C. have saved
D. are saving
4. I ________ your last point — could you say it again?
A.didn’t quite catch
B.don’t quite catch
C.hadn’t quite catch
D.can’t quite catch
5.—Are you a teacher?
—I ________, but now I am working in a company.
A. is
B. am
C. was
D. had
6. I feel sure I ________ her somewhere before.
A. was to meet
B. have met
C. had met
D. would meet
7.—Does Liu Hui serve in the army?
—No, but he ________ in the army for three years.
A. served
B. has served
C. is serving
D. would serve
8.—Tom came back home yesterday.
—Really? Where ________ at all?
A. had he been
B. has he been
C. had he gone
D. has he gone
9. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith ________, so we only had time for a few words.
A. has just left
B. had just left
C. just left
D. was just leaving
10.—I’m sorry; I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
—You ________ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost
B. had lost
C. did lose
D. were losing
11.—You must have met him the other day.
—Oh, no, I ________.
A.hadn’t
B.mustn’t
C.haven’t
D.didn’t
12.—Will you go to the park now?
—Not until I ________ my physics exercises.
A. will finish
B. have finished
C. will have finished
D. had finished
13.—Did you enjoy the film?
—Yes, it’s the best one I ________ these years.
A. had
B. have had
C. had had
D. would have
14.—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time.
A.didn’t see
B.wouldn’t see
C.hasn’t seen
D.hadn’t seen
15. When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ________?
A. did you go
B. have you gone
C. were you
D. had you been
16. She ought to stop working; she has a headache because she ________ too long.
A. has been reading
B. had read
C. is reading
D. read
17.—Why do you look worried?
—Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ________ unfinished since.
A. left
B. was left
C. has left
D. has been left
18.—You could have asked Mr. Johnson for help. He is kind-hearted.
—I ________ that. A whole day ________.
A. forget; wastes
B. forgot; was wasted
C. forgot; had wasted
D. forget; was wasted
19.You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ an important meeting then.
A. will have
B. would have
C. will be having
D. will have had
20.—I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have him call you when he comes back?
—No, I’ll call him back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ________ ?
A. had arrived
B. has arrived
C. will arrive
D. will have arrived
21.—What’s wr ong with your coat?
—Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ________on it.
A. sat
B. had sat
C. had been sitting
D. was sitting
22.—Why weren’t you at the meeting?
—I ________ for a long-distance call from my aunt in America.
A. waited
B. was waiting
C. had been waiting
D. had waited
23.—Will you attend the meeting this evening?
—But I ________ told anything about it.
A.wasn’t
B. am not
C.haven’t been
D.won’t be
24.— What did you think of Act I of the play last night?
—I’m sorry. The play ________ when I got there.
A. had been started
B. had been on for half an hour
C. was to start
D. had begun for half an hour
25.—Why did you come by bus?
—My car broke down yesterday evening and I ________ it repaired.
A.didn’t have
B.don’t have
C.won’t have
D.haven’t had
1. C。

用现在完成时表示影响，即指现在已经作出决定。

2. B。

用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。

3. D。

用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

4. A。

从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。

5. C。

这时用一般过去时表示过去曾经是老师，但现在不是了。

6. B。

before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。

7. A。

由no是对前句的否定可知现在不在部队服役，是以前“服过役”，故用一般过去时。

8. A。

have been to…去过某地(已回来)，have gone to…到某地去了(没回来)；又因为问的是Tom回来之前到去过某地，故用过去完成时态。

9. D。

从“我们只谈了几句话”可知，当我们去拜访时，Professor Smith“正要”离开了，D是过去进行时表示过去将来意义。

10. C。

上句“我本不该对你那么无礼”是对过去情况的自责，答语“你当时的确很生气”，用一般过去时，did 在lose 前表示强调。

11. D。

问句是对过去情况的猜测，所以答句用一般过去时。

I didn’t是I didn’t meet him the other day 的省略。

12.B。

因为在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

若强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，本题属后一种情况。

13. B。

因为these years 是包括现在在内的，故用现在完成时。

14. D。

由于见朋友发生在过去(即昨天)，而很久没有见到朋友自然是昨天的见面之前，即属于过去的过去，故用过去完成时。

15.C。

句子的前半句说上午打电话时没有人接电话，而后半句问对方当时在什么地方。

显然，句子前后两部分的时间应一致，即用一般过去时。