清华大学计算语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线
清华考博辅导：清华大学中国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享
清华考博辅导：清华大学中国语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知全国开设中国语言文学专业的大学参与了排名，其中排名第一的是北京大学，排名第二的是北京师范大学，排名第三的是复旦大学。
作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，人文学院的中国语言文学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第十五。
下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学中国语言文学考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍清华大学中国语言文学是属于清华大学人文学院，中国语言文学包括语言和文学两个大的专业，是中国大学史上最早开设的专业之一，出现于19世纪末。
20世纪80年代以后，汉语言文学专业得到了很大的发展。
一个多世纪以来，汉语言文学专业培养了一大批知名学者、教授、作家、记者、剧作家等，对中国人文科学做出了极大的贡献。
按照教育部对学科门类的划分，它主要包括语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、文艺学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、中国少数民族语言文学、比较文学与世界文学8个二级学科，每个二级学科下面，又分若干个研究方向，具体到每个学校，这8个二级学科不一定都会设置硕士点;研究方向的划分，不同院系也是根据自身的科研条件和师资力量来确立，可以说是"各自为政"。
清华大学人文学院中国语言文学专业在博士招生方面，划分为9个研究方向：050100 中国语言文学博士研究方向：01 中国现当代文学02 比较文学与世界文学03 文艺学04 中国古代文学05 中国古典文献学06 汉语言文字07 语言学与应用语言学08 计算语言学09 中国少数民族语言和文献此专业实行申请考核制。
二、考试内容清华大学管理中国语言文学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试+英语口语构成。
其中，综合考核内容为:综合考核形式为面试。
每位考生约30分钟，满分100分。
面试重点考查申请人在本学科攻读博士学位的专业基础知识、基本素养、学术能力、学术志趣和英语水平(或日语、俄语水平)等。
清华大学外国语言文学考研 招生人数 参考书 报录比 复试分数线 考研真题 考研经验 招生简章
爱考机构考研－保研－考博高端辅导第一品牌人文学院外国语言文学专业招生目录院系所、专业及研究方向招生人数考试科目备注069 人文学院 6010100哲学01马克思主义哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④890马克思主义哲学复试时专业综合考试内容:马克思主义哲学02中国哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④849中国哲学史复试时专业综合考试内容:中国哲学史03外国哲学同上复试时专业综合考试内容:西方哲学史04伦理学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④891伦理学复试时专业综合考试内容：伦理学05逻辑学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③303数学三或647西方哲学史④894数理逻辑复试时专业综合考试内容:逻辑学06宗教学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④892宗教学理论复试时专业综合考试内容:宗教学07美学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③638美学理论④893文艺批评复试时专业综合考试内容:美学050100中国语言文学01文艺学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
复试时专业综合考试内容:文艺学02语言学与应用语言学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语或874数据结构科目874计算语言学方向考数据结构，其他方向考现代汉语和古代汉语。
复试时专业综合考试内容：(1)计算语言学，(2)语言学与应用语言学。
03汉语言文字学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语复试时专业综合考试内容:汉语言文字学04中国古代文学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
清华大学计算机语言学专业考博真题报录比参考书-育明考博
清华大学计算机语言学专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博一、清华大学人文学院计算语言学方向考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业方向招生人数初试内容复试内容050100中国语言文学计算语言学约1人①101英语②287数据结构501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学人文学院计算语言学方向考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有一位导师：江铭虎3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。
4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537）二、清华大学人文学院中国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、人文学院中国语言文学专业共有7个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。
2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语47分、专业课50分综合考试60分19人/14人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分15人/10人（不包括骨干计划）育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
各校语言学考博真题
2007年中国人民大学语言学及应用语言学考博试题语言学理论（100分）1.配价理论中的“配价”的性质，有人说其属于语法范畴，有人说其属于语义范畴，还有人说其属于句法——语义范畴，你的看法是什么？（30分）2.如何看待社会语言学所提出的“共时的变异反映历时的发展？”（30分）3.如何看待留学生的语言错误，对“有错必纠”和“有错不纠”有何看法？（40分）4.说说形式主义语言学、功能语言学、认知语言学的主张和特点（40分）汉语语法分析（100分）1.词语的再分类与句法分析的关系。
（30分）2.对“我偷了他一本书”这种句型如何看待，是双宾句还是单宾句，你的看法是什么？（30分）（打碎了他三个杯子）3.N1VN2（如“服装加工厂”和“汽车修理厂”）这种名词结构，有人说N1是V的前置宾语，有人说N1是受事成分，但是都有例外。
请你以此为研究对象，写一个论文提纲，包括研究的目的、方法和步骤等。
（40分）2008年人民大学语言学及应用语言学考博专业课试题语言学理论1.结合汉语实际论述语法形式和语法意义之间的关系（30分）2.结合汉语实际论述语言变异和语言变化的关系（30分）3.对外汉语教学方向选做第一题：（1）试论功能语言学对对外汉语教学的启发和影响（40分）（2）现代汉语中，934个汉字就能占到常用汉字的90%以上，那么如果掌握了这934个汉字，是不是就可以读懂书刊、报纸、网页等90%以上的内容呢？汉语语法分析：1．试论语法单位的同一性以及对词类划分的影响（30分）2．结合汉语实际，试论“语义指向”在现代汉语语法中的应用（30分）3．现代汉语中，常常说“时间还早着呢”，“她还小着呢”，却不能说“*时间还晚着呢”，“*她还大着呢”，为什么？人大2009现代汉语专业试题语言学理论1.探探你对“任意性”与“象似性”的认识（30分）2.为什么说变异理论是社会语言学最有价值的理论（30分）3.选做题（40）（1）谈谈结构主义、认知语言学、功能主义理论对对外汉语教学的启发。
清华大学社会学专业考博真题复习资料报录比-育明考博
103 人/51 人
2015 年
外语 55 分 专业课 60 分
95 人/47 人
育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：
1、清华大学不允许研究生同时有两个及以上学籍。
2、如无特殊说明，各专业均可招收脱产学习定向就业博士生，招生名额已含在各招生院系的总招生名
额中。
3、2016 年招收少数民族高层次骨干人才专项计划、高校思想政治理论课教师专项计划按教育部计划
四、考博专业课复习意见（育明考博课程中心）
对待专业课的认识，有些考生以为自己学了这么多年本专业，甚至发表了不少文章，专业课应该 没问题了，从而放松了对自己专业课复习的要求。其实现在博士录取时，各个环节都不能放松。即使 及格了，如果成绩较低，总分排名靠居后，也会影响导师对自己的印象。提高专业课的复习效率，育 明考博告诉大家可以分为以下两个阶段：
执行，报考与普通博士同期进行。
4、博士生入学英语考试大致相当于全国大学英语六级水平。
（清华大学社会科学学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）
二、清华大学社会学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)
专业
方向
招生人数
初试内容
复试内容
030300 社会学
01 城市经济学 02 组织社会学 03 社会分层 05 消费社会学 06 转型社会学 11 劳工社会学
1.了解学术动态 考生在确定了报考的局势和研究方向以后，要立刻在招生简章或报考学校的网站上查到复习的参 考资料。一定要翻翻近两年专业杂志，看看大家讨论的热点问题，浏览一下报考学校近三年的学报， 了解本专业发表的论文。最好在考前就有关热点问题加以思考，提出自己的观点和看法。尤其需要强 调一点，考生应查看导师近五年中发表的文章以及导师近年的专著，有些观点、数据、理论要掌握， 特别是有关老师的论文一定要熟记于心，遇到类似的题目可以搬上去，这对于提高你的成绩会大有裨 益。特别要注意教师在一些有争议的问题上的观点和立场，围绕这种问题，时间允许的话最好再收集 相关资料。往往导师会在这些问题上考察学生。导师招收博士，也是寻求合作者的过程，如果发现一 个对自己近两年研究的领域知之甚多，甚至观点也和自己相容或相似，势必会给导师带来好的印象。 可以提前和该导师的博士生取得联系，要求提供去年的专业课考试的考题(一般专业课试题有 10%一 30%的重复率，而各高校却不提供专业课考题)，或者要求他提供第一学期的专业课笔记(老师近期关注 的重点大多都在其中)，也可以请他大致谈谈考试出题的倾向以及考试的感受和经验。自己做不到这一 点的话，可以寻求辅导班的帮助，省时省力。 2.复习阶段 花半个月时间收集全资料后，应拟订一个大致的复习计划，内容包括时间和进度安排、复习方式、 自查形式等等。这里需要注意的是： 在时间上，专业课的复习要留有充足的时间，越往后复习密度应逐渐力加强。 在精力安排要详略得当。一般要求复习教材内容至少三遍。第一遍，对教材有一个大致的把握， 这本教材谈了哪些方面的问题，相互之间是什么样的逻辑体系。第二遍，画出重点内容，并适当记忆， 掌握该教材的一般知识点，尤其是该书的精华部分和大致脉络、主要观点应非常清楚。个人看书习惯 可能不同，既可以做读书笔记，也可以就在书上画，然后再整理出一个个的理论、观点。这里要注意 学会比较研究的方法，即比较各个理论之间的异同，从而确立自己的立场。对研究领域当前的热点问
清华大学人文学院中国语言文学考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博
清华大学人文学院中国语言文学考博指导与分析一、清华大学考博资讯（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.050100中国语言文学研究方向01：中国现当代文学。
导师分别是解志熙、汪晖。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。
（2）636二十世纪中国文学（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向02：比较文学与世界文学。
导师分别是王中忱、刘勇。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。
（2）637比较文学理论与外国文学史（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向03：文艺学。
导师分别是罗钢、张海明。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。
（2）638中西文学理论（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向04：中国古代文学。
导师分别是孙明君、刘石、谢思炜、傅璇琮。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。
（2）639古典文学与文献（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向05：汉语言文字学。
导师是张美兰。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语（100%）。
（2）266汉语史或汉语方言学（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（汉语史方向：266考汉语史；方言学方向：266考汉语方言学）（100%）。
研究方向06：计算语言学。
导师是江铭虎。
考试的科目：（1）101英语（100%）。
（2）287数据结构（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
（二）专业课指定参考书目：清华大学的各个专业都不指定参考书目，大家在平时的复习和备考过程中还应密切关注出题老师最新的学术研究动态，并且要对往年的专业课真题进行深入细致的分析和研究，另外还要搜集出题老师上课使用的课件、讲义、笔记等资料进行复习备考。
二、清华大学考博英语题型Part1:完形填空（词汇），共10分，20小题(两篇短文）。
Part2:阅读理解，共34分，4篇短文，4小题/1篇短文。
清华04北大02年考博英语试题
清华04北大02年考博英语试题清华大学2004年博士研究生英语考试试题2006年8月Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)21. The_____of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country A. clash B.clarify C. clarity D. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad_______when she was ill and had nomoney. A.plight B. polarization C. plague D. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the___age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8. A.optimistic B. optional C. optimal D. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the___of their cities. A.paradises B. omissions C. orchards D. outsk27.The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues. A. precedence B. prosperity C. presumption D. probabilityer sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __event. A.cholesterol B. charcoal C. catastrophic D. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.e around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free. The rainwater harvesting system created by InternationalDevelopment Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “fir st-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank. A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in thewater. Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible,for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very importantelement in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning o f the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children________A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of thesec hildren will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older. That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point whythat's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish he phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers tothe__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries thatwealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, be cause the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result ofgovernments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalck of a free marketPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy.I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did notsay__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together wel B. pass together well C. get on well together D. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one word single word to hi m D. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up74.A.draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that C. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no one C. It was anyone D. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock C. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped C. must have jumped D. could be jumpedPart Ⅴ Writing(20%) Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。
清华大学诉讼法学专业考博真题解析考试内容复习资料分数线经验分享-育明考博
清华大学法学院诉讼法学专业考博考试内容复习资料-育明考博一、清华大学法学院诉讼法学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容诉讼法学约5人①英语、日语、德语、法语选一（100分）②诉讼法学基础理论（含证据法、民事诉讼法或刑事诉讼法）（100分）综合考试（面试100分）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学法学诉讼法学专业考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有四位导师：章程、王亚新、张建伟、易延友（本方向仅招全脱产学生）3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。
4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对清华大学民法学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（清华大学法学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、清华大学法学院历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2013年外语50分、专业课60分综合考试（面试）60分45人/29人2014年外语50分、专业课60分综合考试（面试）60分45人/28人2015年外语50分、专业课60分综合考试（面试）60分50人/35人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、法学院共有14个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。
2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
清华大学中国现当代文学专业考博真题-育明考博
清华大学中国现当代文学专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博一、清华大学人文学院中国现当代文学方向考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业方向招生人数初试内容复试内容050100中国语言文学中国现当代文学约2人①101英语、103日语②636二十世纪中国文学501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学人文学院中国现当代文学方向考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有三位导师：旷新年、解志熙、汪晖3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。
4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537）二、清华大学人文学院中国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、人文学院中国语言文学专业共有7个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。
2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语47分、专业课50分综合考试60分19人/14人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分15人/10人（不包括骨干计划）育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
清华考博辅导：清华大学计算机科学与技术考博难度解析及经验分享 (2)
国际会议ICIP、IEEE Data Comp. Conf.、ISCAS、ICME等:审稿人;
学术期刊IEEE Trans. CSVT、IEEE Trans. Signal Proc.、IEEE Trans. Image Proc.、IEEE Signal Proc. Magazine、IEEE Trans. Comm.等:审稿人;
(2)基于计算几何算法，将草图技术引入到数字媒体处理中，提出了一系列基于手绘线条图的多媒体创作和三维几何建模技术，分析了线条图在数字媒体中的认知特性并进行了认知可计算性和建模研究。
(3)面向飞机外形曲面设计的实际需要，研究样条曲线曲面的拟合拼接、光顺和逼近展开等问题，提出并完成了可在商业系统CATIA上兼容运行的高效实用几何算法，在沈阳飞机设计研究所得到了成功应用。
清华大学计算机学院计算机科学与技术专业在博士招生方面，划分为二十七个研究方向：
081200 计算机科学与技术
博士研究方向：01高性能计算，02高性能计算，03多核体系结构，04存储系统，05计算机网络06可信计算与系统性能评价，07下一代互联网网络体系结构，08大规模互联网编址与路由，09网络与信息系统安全，10密码理论，11网络与分布式系统，12网络空间安全，13网络管理与测量，14移动互联网，15传感器网络与物联网，16计算机网络传输编码，17数据工程与知识工程，18系统软件，19电子设计自动化算法与软件，20智能控制及机器人，21人工智能，22人机交互与普适计算，23计算机视觉与模式识别，24多媒体信息处理与网络多媒体，25计算机图形学与媒体计算，26生物信息学，27智慧设计
2013年亚洲设计与数字工程中日韩三边会议，中方组委会主席
清华考博辅导：清华大学计算机科学与技术考博难度解析及经验分享..
清华考博辅导：清华大学计算机科学与技术考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，全国共有168所开设计算机科学与技术专业的大学参与了2017-2018计算机科学与技术专业大学排名，其中排名第一的是北京大学，排名第二的是清华大学，排名第三的是浙江大学。
作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，计算机科学与技术一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。
下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学计算机科学与技术考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍计算机科学与技术是研究计算机的设计与制造，并利用计算机进行有关的信息表示、收发、存储、处理、控制等的理论方法和技术的学科。
计算机专业涵盖计算机科学与技术、计算机软件工程、计算机信息工程等专业，主要培养具有良好的科学素养，系统地、较好地掌握计算机科学与技术，包括计算机硬件和软件组成原理、计算机操作系统、计算机网络基础、算法与数据结构等，计算机的基本知识和基本技能与方法，能在科研部门、教育、企业、事业、行政管理部门等单位从事计算机教学、科学研究和计算机科学与技术学科的应用。
清华大学计算机科学与技术专业在博士招生方面，划分为1个研究方向：081200计算机科学与技术研究方向：01计算机图形学、可视化及CAD技术此专业实行申请考核制。
二、考试内容清华大学计算机科学与技术专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+面试构成。
其中，综合考核内容为:综合考核将考察考生的综合素质和能力，重点考查考生对专业知识掌握的深度和广度，对知识灵活运用的程度，以及考生从事科研工作的潜力和创造力。
各学科考核小组分别组织，实行差额复试，公平竞争，择优录取。
具体方式如下：（1）物理组（含天体物理）：45分钟的综合面试，根据面试情况择优挑选部分同学继续在高研院访问两至三天，综合面试情况及访问期间的表现，确定是否录取意向名单。
（2）数学组：45分钟的综合面试，考核小组成员现场讨论，独立给出评分，确定是否录取意向名单。
清华大学计算语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线
清华大学计算语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置江铭虎的计算语言学，是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为老师们长期从事此领域的教学和科研工作，对此领域很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。
二、考试的科目中国语言文学：计算语言学：①101英语②287数据结构③501综合考试；三、导师介绍江铭虎，清华大学博士后、教授，山东（工业）大学电子工程系毕业，现为中美两国教育部网络语言教学项目专家组成员和中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室客座研究员。
研究方向：自然语言处理，神经网络语言处理，模式识别与人工智能。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明教育考博分校（官网可咨询）联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
201-2016,2019清华大学考研计算机各科笔试真题
2019年软件与理论笔试数据库：一1、你觉得数据库管理系统的核心技术是什么（10）2、事务的ACID特性指什么（10）3、数据库冲突处理的原则是什么。
根据这个原则。
数据库有哪些冲突处理的方法。
（10）二、（20）数据库以B+树结构存储。
分为索引页与叶级页。
两级索引。
索引页有8000B可以用来存储索引项。
每个索引项80B第一级索引页有两个索引项。
问整个数据库的最大存储空间与最小存储空间是多少。
索引那个题还有个条件是索引页有8000B可以用来存储索引项（就不用转换KB 的1024 T）编译原理：1.画一个有穷自动机（6）2.前五个字符含有dbc字串的正则表达式（7）3.上下文无关文法，不多于五个非终结符，a*b*c*若a只有一个那么be数量相等（7）二：lr,slr（l）分析，那个更快发现错误？（30）2016年清华应用方向复试笔试回忆淸华的计算机方向分为三个，软件理论、系统和应用。
报考人数方而，今年一共进入复试60人，有30人报了应用。
可见应用竞争之激烈。
不过单纯看笔试来说，应用是最简单的，因为应用已经快十年没有换过笔试题了。
上了考场发现今年还是这些题，当时就觉得稳了。
而英它方向上，我听说系统的笔试特别难, 有的人几乎交了白卷。
（软理不太淸楚）因此大家报考的时候要考虑一下复试的难度，究竟是想面对激烈的竞争还是想而对变态的考试难度。
当然听往届的经验来说，好像笔试并不怎么重要的样子。
应用方向的笔试科目有三个，人工智能、多媒体技术和数字信号处理（三科里选两科作答）。
在此建议各位选择人工智能和多媒体技术，难度低、计算量少而且好复习，。
当然如果本科学过信号处理的话也可以选，一切还是看自己。
人工智能：1、给岀一个博弈树，进行a-卩剪枝搜索，标出何处发生剪枝、肖点的倒推值和最佳走步2、谓词归结法证明、修改证明树、提取问题的回答。
3、1）描述一个你熟悉的人工智能方法，并简述特点2）下列两个问题是否适合用人工智能方法进行解决，如果适合请简单解释，不适合请给出理由。
清华大学考博英语-1.doc
清华大学考博英语-1(总分：68.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listenin(总题数：4，分数：10.00)(略){{B}}Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.Then in the early 1950's Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules. It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth's astronomicalcycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spin axis.（分数：2.50）(1).In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.unfolding a phenomenon.B.posing a contrast.C.refuting a speculation.D.testifying a hypothesis.(2).The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A.regularities and eccentricities.B.vaporizations and sediments.C.variants and constants.D.maximizations an minimizations.(3).As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______（分数：0.50）A.irrelevant.B.correlated.C.corresponding.D.identical.(4).Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______（分数：0.50）A.a proof against the existence of oxygen-16.B.a testimony to sediment formation processes.C.a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D.an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens.(5).What can we safely infer from the text?（分数：0.50）A.Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B.Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C.Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D.Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its wayto smoky, cancerous death.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it. This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether. of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile,clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death's head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.（分数：2.50）(1).The best title of the text may be ______（分数：0.50）A.give up the habit of smoking immediately.B.word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C.go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D.world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.(2).As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising ______（分数：0.50）A.in the interests of financial rewards.B.for the sake of the public's welfare.C.without regard to tax collections.D.in anticipation of smokers' lobbying.(3).The word "hypocrisy" (Paragraph 2) denotes _____（分数：0.50）A.dishonesty.B.predicament.C.indecision.D.intimidation.(4).It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted ______（分数：0.50）A.insidiously and discreetly.B.vividly and attractively.C.aggressively and drastically.D.disinterestedly and bravely.(5).The author is most critical of ______（分数：0.50）A.anti-smoking lobbyists.B.tobacco advertisers.C.world governments.D.tax collectors.It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it--paving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound. Neil Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decision about it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept Euros at some of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cashpoint from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Evenif they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC). （分数：2.50）(1).According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro, ______（分数：0.50）A.there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B.it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C.the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D.it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.(2).The writer seems ______（分数：0.50）A.to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B.to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C.to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D.to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.(3).The word "cheerleader" (Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ______（分数：0.50）A."voter".B."advocator".C."critic".D."prophet".(4).What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer?（分数：0.50）A.A kind of professional service.B.Objections to the Euro creep.C.A type of subjective brand loyalty.D.Expansions of the Euro in Britain.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?（分数：0.50）A.The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B.A New Currency under Attack.C.The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D.A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailedby the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander wast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.（分数：2.50）(1).In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.introducing an illusion.B.making a comparison.C.depicting a vivid scene.D.posing a sharp contrast.(2).In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ______（分数：0.50）A.obsolescence and sensibility.B.uniqueness and stability.C.creativity and hypocrisy.D.inconstancy and irrationality.(3).The word "blackmailed" most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A."taken advantage of ".B."given thought to".C."taken into account".D."born in mind".(4).The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.（分数：0.50）A.suitabilityfortC.appearanceD.fabric(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women should ______（分数：0.50）A.see through the very nature of fashion myths.B.boycott the products of the fashion industry.C.avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D.blame designers for their waste of money.二、{{B}}Part Ⅲ Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.（分数：1.00）A.reflectsB.retainsC.rousesD.radiates2.There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly ______ .（分数：1.00）A.let aloneB.let outC.let downD.let on3.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to ______ regret.（分数：1.00）A.teem withB.brim withe withD.look with4.In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.（分数：1.00）A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical5.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no ______ but to report him to the local police.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.chanceC.authorityD.alternative6.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off7.______ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.（分数：1.00）A.Take the most ofB.Keep the most ofC.Have the most ofD.Make the most of8.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a ______ future behind him.（分数：1.00）A.splendidB.conspicuousC.uproariousD.imminent9.With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words carefully; ______ the search engine will never make the correct match.（分数：1.00）A.thereforeB.whereasC.providedD.otherwise10.Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been ______ with requests for money from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.devastatedB.smashedC.bombardedD.cracked11.Banks shall be unable to ______ ,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.（分数：1.00）A.write offB.put asideC.shrink frome over12.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take onC.put onD.put in13.According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello, just as there is worldwide ______ with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.（分数：1.00）A.passionB.attractionC.emotionD.fascination14.That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3-12 years old ______ what hotel they are staying in.（分数：1.00）A.regardless inB.regardless ofC.regardless onD.regardless from15.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their _____ aspects.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.socialC.essentialD.partial16.______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.（分数：1.00）A.Turn offB.Turn overC.Turn downD.Turn up17.The recovery and ______ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in attractive locations.（分数：1.00）A.renewalB.revivalC.recessionD.relief18.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only ______ necessity.（分数：1.00）A.within reach ofB.for fear ofC.by means ofD.in case of19.It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive in making contact.（分数：1.00）A.seen throughB.checked outC.touched onD.accounted to20.Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become ______ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.（分数：1.00）A.integralB.unilateralC.rationalD.hierarchical三、{{B}}Part Ⅳ Cloze{{/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Every second,{{U}} 56 {{/U}}hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This{{U}} 57 {{/U}}rate of destruction has serious consequences{{U}} 58 {{/U}}the environment. Scientists estimate, for example, that 137{{U}} 59 {{/U}}of plant, insect or animal become{{U}} 60 {{/U}}every day due to logging. In British Columbia,{{U}} 61 {{/U}},since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut,142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the{{U}} 62 {{/U}}of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging,{{U}} 63 {{/U}},provides jobs , profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is{{U}} 64 {{/U}}to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestryproduction{{U}} 65 {{/U}}making pulp and paper. According to the CanadianPulp and Paper Association, Canada {{U}}66 {{/U}}34%of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be{{U}} 67 {{/U}}. Recently, a possible{{U}} 68 {{/U}}way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be{{U}} 69 {{/U}}paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries{{U}} 70 {{/U}}it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading{{U}} 71 {{/U}}would not have been possible{{U}} 72 {{/U}}hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be{{U}} 73 {{/U}}for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four-times as{{U}} 74 {{/U}}paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the{{U}} 75 {{/U}}scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.（分数：20.00）A.matchingB.equivalentC.mountingD.reachingA.greatB.wonderfulC.imaginaryD.alarmingA.forB.onC.atD.toA.typesB.categoriesC.speciesD.classesA.extinctB.distinctC.deadD.exhaustedA.whenB.whoC.whereD.whichA.territoryndC.habitatD.inhabitantB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.insteadA.willingB.likelyC.reluctantD.intendedA.goes upB.goes towardsC.goes intoD.goes atA.suppliesB.offersC.presentsD.providesA.maintainedB.sustainedC.preservedD.heldA.optionalB.potentialC.promisingD.alternativeA.made intoB.made forC.made upD.made ofA.sinceB.becauseC.asD.whileA.linkB.exchangeworkD.siteA.exceptB.withoutC.withD.besidesA.resumedB.renewedC.refreshedD.revivedA.muchB.manyC.fewD.moreA.greatC.immenseD.massive四、{{B}}Part Ⅴ Translat(总题数：1，分数：3.00)21.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. one such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drncker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、{{B}}Part Ⅵ Writing{(总题数：1，分数：15.00)22.A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words. B. Your essay should meet the requirements below: (1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning. (2) point15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
清华大学外国语言学与应用语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线
清华大学外国语言学与应用语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置吕中舌、张文霞、张为民、崔刚、范文芳、刘世生、杨小璐、何宏华、杨永林的外国语言学与应用语言学，是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为老师们长期从事此领域的教学和科研工作，对此领域很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。
二、考试的科目外国语言文学：外国语言学与应用语言学：①102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语②651现代英语语言文学理论③501综合考试，一般只招收脱产考生。
综合考试以面试为主，分专业方向，注重口头表达。
三、导师介绍吕中舌，女，所在院系：人文学院；专业：文学-外国语言文学类；研究方向：文体学，教学法及教材编写与评估。
代表性著作：《新英语教程（第四版）读写译（第1册）学生用书》《可读性理论与英语教材(清华大学985基目之一)》《清华外语教育论丛(第二辑)》。
代表性论文：体验英语感受快乐收获成功中国学生阅读策略研究,清华大学教育研究,1998计算机与面向21世纪的大学英语教学。
张文霞，女，出生于1964年7月。
1985年毕业于湖北大学外语系，获英语语言文学学士学位。
1987年毕业于清华大学外语系，获应用语言学研究生文凭。
1999年获香港理工大学语言测试学博士学位。
1987年8月开始在清华大学外语系任教，是全国大学外语指导委员会会员、Assessing Writing Journal和“中国英语教学”（Teaching English in China）等杂志编委，现任清华大学人文社会科学学院党委副书记、外文系党总支书记、全国大学外语指导委员会会员、Assessing Writing Journal和“中国英语教学”（Teaching English in China）等杂志编委、《中国ESP研究》专家委员会委员、北京市高等教育学会大学英语教学研究会理事长。
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清华大学计算语言学考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置江铭虎的计算语言学，是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为老师们长期从事此领域的教学和科研工作，对此领域很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。
二、考试的科目中国语言文学：计算语言学：①101英语②287数据结构③501综合考试；三、导师介绍江铭虎，清华大学博士后、教授，山东（工业）大学电子工程系毕业，现为中美两国教育部网络语言教学项目专家组成员和中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室客座研究员。
研究方向：自然语言处理，神经网络语言处理，模式识别与人工智能。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明教育考博分校（官网可咨询）联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
第四，导师的信息。
导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。
这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。
同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。
第五，时事热点话题分析。
博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。
近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。
所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。
五、清华大学考博英语复习指导清华大学的考博英语满分100分，题型有20题20分的词汇，10分的完形填空，5篇40分的阅读理解，15分的英译汉翻译，15分的作文。
清华大学考博英语的整体难度介于六级和老托福之间，对词汇量有很高的要求，特别注重对形近字、意近词和固定搭配以及语法的考察。
做阅读理解一定要遵守“实事求是”的原则，翻译这一个题型很容易丢分，要想得高分，每一天都要遵循“八步法”练习三个句子。
作文对于考生的英语综合能力要求很高，要做到“厚重、灵动和美观”，复习资料建议使用育明教育考博分校编写的清华大学考博英语一本通。
每年有大批的同学英语单科受限，对于英语基础比较差的考生，建议大家早做准备。
（清华大学考博资料获取、辅导课程可咨询叩叩：756.152.935）育明教育考博分校专注于北京地区高校的考博英语及专业课课程辅导。
根植育明学校深厚的高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研考博成功的基础保障，辅导学员人数及辅导成绩连续多年稳居第一。
针对清华大学各专业的考博开设的辅导课程包括：考博英语课程班、考博专业课课程班、申请制课程班、高端协议班。
历年考博课程班的通过率均超过80%。
六、清华大学考博专业课复习指导以下是育明教育考博课程的授课规划，整个授课规划由本专业博士生和组织设定，结合了考试命题的实际，借鉴了历届育明成功学员的复习计划和成功经验，是育明教育考博课程授课质量的保证和高录取率的基础。
考生们也可以借鉴这一复习规划来指导自己的备考。
第一阶段：框架的构建和重点的掌握深入解构核心参考书，建立知识理论体系框架并对重点知识章节和常见考点进行整合。
理清楚学科发展史，特别是每一个阶段的代表人物，著作，主张，提出的背景和评价。
根据专业课老师讲解借鉴前辈经验最终形成学员的专属笔记。
第二阶段：专题整理和讲解在第一阶段的基础上，由专业课老师带领整理重要常考的学科专题，进行各个知识模块的深化和凝练。
以专题为突破口夯实并灵活运用理论知识。
第三阶段：时事热点和出题人的论著对出题老师的研究重点，最新论文成果和重要的上课的笔记课件进行讲解。
对本专业时政热点话题进行分析，预测有可能出现的题型和考察角度。
第四阶段：历年真题演练和讲解对历年真题进行最深入的剖析：分析真题来源、真题难度、真题的关联性，总结各题型的解题思路、答题方法和技巧。
全面提升学员的答题能力，把前面几个阶段掌握的理论知识转化为分数。
第五阶段：模拟练习及绝密押题就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解。
开展高强度模拟考试，教会考生怎么破题，怎么安排结构，怎么突出创新点等答题技巧。
结合最新的内部出题信息和导师信息进行高命中押题。
（清华大学考博资料获取、辅导课程可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍）七、清华大学考博特别注意事项1、关于招生时间清华大学每年博士生统考有两次，3月份和9月份。
考博也有多种形式：统考、推免、直博、论文博士生等，其他形式的条件非常苛刻，只有统考是一次分数优先的较量，给与了无数考生读博士的希望。
每年9月份的考试，考试时间是由报考院系通知的；三月份的考试，第一阶段笔试时间是统一安排的，是否有资格参加第二阶段综合考试，视各院系生源情况、考生笔试成绩等由各院系决定，并通知考生。
建筑学院、土木工程系、水利水电工程系、热能工程系、汽车工程系、电机工程与应用电子技术系，电子工程系、自动化系、数学系、地球系统科学研究中心、金融学院、法学院、新闻与传播学院、马克思主义学院、人文学院、社会科学学院、美术学院、核能与新能源技术研究院、教育研究院、医学院临床专业的综合考试将安排在笔试成绩公布后进行，其他院系综合考试在笔试后立即进行。
同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程（具体科目请咨询院系）和自然辩证法。
2、关于招生类别（1）非定向培养博士研究生：脱产学习三年，需将人事档案按教育部规定向存档单位调取档案、户口转到学校，毕业时根据国家就业政策“双向选择”。
育明教育考博分校解析：这类博士生占据清华大学所有被录取的博士研究生中的绝大多数，人事档案和户口转到学校之后，可以享受北京市集体户口的待遇，可以小汽车摇号，可以享受保险，建议大家转档转户口。
（2）定向培养博士研究生：保证脱产学习至少一年，考生工作单位、录取学校、考生本人三方签署定向培养协议，毕业后回原单位工作。
另外，因学校学生宿舍资源紧张，定向就业（不转档案）博士生不安排学生宿舍住宿。
育明教育考博分校解析：此类研究生不是大家所谓的“在职研究生”，在职研究生指的是利用周六日和寒暑假上课的研究生，现在除了极个别学校还招收极少量的在职研究生之外，绝大多数学校都已经取缔了在职研究生。
想保留原职的考生可以选择定向培养博士研究生。
定向培养研究生就医报销等费用按原工作单位的规定执行。
3、关于招考年龄报考非定向培养博士生的考生至入学时未满45周岁（1970年8月31日以后出生）；报考定向培养博士生的考生年龄不限。
育明教育考博分校解析：大家要注意报考年龄的限制，博士毕业35周岁以内才有解决户口的资格，要想通过博士研究生解决户口的同学对此要格外注意。
4、关于考试科目（1）第一阶段笔试：①基础外语：英语、德语、日语、法语等，自己选一门或按照报考老师要求选一门。
育明教育考博分校解析：清华大学的考博英语难度介于六级和老托福之间，对词汇量的要求非常高，每一年有相当一批考生因为英语单科不过50分而受限。
考日语和俄语要比考英语有优势，有这两门语言功底的考生，可以选择考博日语或者考博俄语。
②一门专业课（部分招生院系无学校统一组织的专业课笔试）育明教育考博分校解析：对于这一门专业课，大家应该找对参考书目、找好资料、加上合理的规划和到位的辅导，考博成功是没有问题的。
③同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程（具体科目请咨询院系）和自然辩证法。
育明教育考博分校解析：同等学力的考生考博确实有一定的难度，但是每一年都有成功的例子。
只要大家肯努力，把资料准备齐全，然后给自己制定一个合理的规划，再找人给自己做一个到位的辅导，相信考取清华大学的博士并不是不可能的事情。
（2）第二阶段综合考试：笔试（按招生院系的要求是否有笔试）、外语加面试。
是否有资格参加综合考试，视各院系生源情况、考生笔试成绩等由各院系决定，并通知考生。
建筑学院、土木工程系、水利水电工程系、热能工程系、汽车工程系、电机工程与应用电子技术系，电子工程系、自动化系、数学系、地球系统科学研究中心、金融学院、法学院、新闻与传播学院、马克思主义学院、人文学院、社会科学学院、美术学院、核能与新能源技术研究院、教育研究院、医学院临床专业的综合考试将安排在笔试成绩公布后进行，其他院系综合考试在笔试后立即进行。
育明教育考博分校解析：综合考试的科目要看具体院系的具体安排，面试一般是不可避免的，除理工类专业之外，一般综合考试不再设立专业笔试。
综合考试都要考虑身心健康状况、思想政治状况、培养潜质、就业因素等，全面、慎重地权衡考生面试成绩。
八、考博常见问题（一）考博需要注意的五大事项1、目标明确。
确定了考博，第一件事是先确定报考学校和导师，不要再对考博的前景三心二意。
考博虽然不意味着成功，但至少是人生的一个重要转折点，特别是对于非名校毕业的硕士来说，考个名校博士肯定是得大于失。
不要同时准备两所学校，人的精力毕竟有限。
2、复习时间六个月以上。
能拿到硕士学位再考博的，都差不到哪儿去，想要超越对手，时间是一个宝贵的因素。
复习时间越长，对考试内容的熟悉程度必然越深。
当然每个人的情况不同，复习很短时间就能考博成功的案例比比皆是。
3、复习方法正确。
各个学校都有自己的风格。
复习时一定要找到该校出题的规律，切不可到书店找一些资料搞题海战术，要知道，一门课程出到卷子上可能只有二道题，如果你有心把该校近五六年考博卷拿出来看一看，再把近几年的研究生的期末考试题拿来研究一下，估计你可以做出题老师了。