研究生英语翻译
研究生英语1—9单元课文+翻译
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach,and a few yachts,with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below,a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper.'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested.'It's no legend' , declared the old man. 'My father knew the two men involved.lt all took place fifty years ago to-day. Let me tell you.His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic.'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working there. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologised to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentment and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be.'Fifty years ago to-night,no light appeared in the tower, and only at two o'clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again.'The next morning the light was still visible. The storm had almost blown itself out, so a relief boat set out to investigate. A grim discovery awaited the crew . The men's living-room was in a horrifying state. The table was over-turned: a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere: bloodstains splashed the floor. The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discoveredMartin's body, crouched beside the burning lamp. He had been stabbed and was dead. Two days later, Blake's body was washed up. scratched, bruised, and terribly injured.' Only then could we really start guessing what had happened. This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel. Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation, Martin and Blake must have started to play cards. Again suspecting cheating, Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty; a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife. In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion, who had fallen mortally wounded. Then, appalled by what he had done, the loneliness, the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea had claimed him.'But Martin was still alive. Hours later, after darkness had fallen, he had recovered consciousness. He remembered his job of lighting the lamp; suffering intense pain, the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase, dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern. At his last ' gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing.'For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted, and, owing to these stories, they didn't have any applicants for the job of lighthouse-keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants. And now they say that on every anniversary of that day, especially when the sea is rough, you can stand in the living-room, hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries, see the flash of a blade,and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet. And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above.'The old man paused and I turned to go.'By the way' , he added, 'have you any free time this afternoon? If so, why don't you have teain the lighthouse? We are putting on a special boat trip to-day. We're charging a pound. And my brother, who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point, can serve very good teas there - included in the price of the boat trip - a bargain, considering the problem of obtaining the food. And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural, you're likely to have an unusual, perhaps an uncanny experience there.I eyed him appreciatively. 'You're wasting your talents' , I said. 'You should have been a fiction writer. ''You don't believe it? exclaimed the old man indignantly.'I'd find it a job,' I answered. ' My father, Henry Cox, started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty- two years ago, and he and Jim Dowley, now retired on a pension, were in charge for ten years. Come and see my dad one day with that tale; he'd enjoy it' .But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client.Google翻译：“10便士比湾景”。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 7
The Healing power of BeliefFor the past two years,I have been studying cancer survivors at UGLA,trying to find out why it is that some people respond much better to their treatment than do others.At first I though that some patients did well because their illnesses were not as severe as the illnesses of others.On closer scrutiny,however,I discovered that severity of the illness was only one of a number of factors that accounted for the difference between those who get well and those who don’t .The patients i am talking about here received upon diagnosis whatever therapy medication,radiation,surgery-their individual cases demanded.Yet the response to such treatments was hardly uniform.Some patients fared much better in their therapies than others.在过去的两年里，我一直在UGLA研究癌症幸存者，试图发现为什么对有些人治疗产生的效果会比其他人好。
以开始我认为一些人治疗效果好是因为他们的疾病没有别人眼中。
研究生英语翻译(带题目)
1.大多数自然资源保护主义者认为，在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达，而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。
（conservationist，survival）Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.2. 史密斯先生出示了大量的证据来表明：在某种程度上，如果我们破坏大自然，那就是毁灭我们自己。
（diminish，to some extent）Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature.3. 西方各国的许多城市已经转换到使用新的可减少污染含量的汽油，我们中国有些城市也已经开始这样做了。
（be true of）Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China.4. 正如英国诗人埃德蒙·斯宾塞在一首诗里面描写的那样，大自然不仅是位母亲，而且是位法官，管辖并公正的对待人类和所有的生物。
（jurisdiction，do justice to）As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not onlya mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures5. 政府的一项调查研究得出的结论是：除了过分拥挤和公共交通很差外，该市面临的最大问题是噪音和污染。
研究生英语系列教材下unit3 原文+翻译
Unit3 Oslp1.I remember on my first trip to Europe going alone to a movie in Copenhagen. In Denmark you are given a ticket for an assigned seat. I went into the cinema and discovered that my ticket directed me to sit beside the only other people in the place,a young couple locked in the sort of passionate embrace associated with dockside reunions at the end of long wars. I could no more have sat beside them than I could have asked to join in-it would have come to much the same thing- so I took a place a few discreet seats away.1记得我第一次去欧洲旅行的时候，我在哥本哈根独自一人去看电影。
在丹麦，电影票是对号入座的。
(此文来自袁勇兵博客)我走进电影院，发现在我的票对应的座位旁，只有一对年轻情侣。
这对情侣如胶似漆地拥抱在一起，如同一场持久战争结束后码头上亲人的团聚。
我很不情愿坐在他们旁边，就如我绝不会要求加入他们的行为一样——这两者对我来说并没有什么不同——因此我谨慎地隔几个座位坐了下来。
2. People came into the cinema, consulted their tickets and filled the seats around us. By the time the film started there were about 30 of us sitting together in a tight pack in the middle of a vast and otherwise empty auditorium. Two minutes into the movie, a woman laden with shopping made her way with difficulty down my row, stopped beside my seat and told me in a stern voice, full of glottal stops and indignation, that I was in her place. This caused much play of flashlights among the usherettes and fretful re-examining of tickets by everyone in the vicinity until word got around that I was an American tourist and therefore unable to follow simple seating instructions and. I was escorted in some shame back to my assigned place.2人们陆续地走进影院，参照电影票找到位子，在我们周围坐了下来。
研究生英语考试英译汉翻译参考
1、It takes persistence to succeed.Attitude also matters.成功需要毅力。
态度也很重要。
I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed Icouldn`t be outworked.我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。
2、As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Netmarket forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world`s largest emerging market.当网络化高速地推动经济的时候，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展。
其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。
Of course , this is just the beginning .当然这还仅仅是个开始。
Although there are many companies , which made huge profits investing in the Internet market, they tend to be small companies , like Yahoo ( at that time ).尽管在国际互联网市场上投资的许多公司都赚了大钱，但它们通常是一些小公司，如雅虎之类。
3、Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protectingspecies from extinction.人们把可持续管理视为一种保护物种使之免于绝迹的实用而又经济的办法。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。
Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
研究生公共英语(下)课本翻译
Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire，它的意思是“知道”。
所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。
但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说，文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
研究生综合英语(下)课文翻译与原文
研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文Unit1Pleasure only gets you so far.A rich,rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity.愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义The Hidden Side of Happiness幸福隐藏的另一面Hurricanes,house fires,cancer,whitewater rafting accidents,plane crashes,vicious attacks in dark alleyways.Nobody asks for any of it.But to their surprise,many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this:"I wish it hadn't happened,but I'm a better person for it."1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations,perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth,one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster:There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact,roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 9
Pollution is a dirty wordThe earth is our home.we must take care of it,for ourselves and for the next generation.This means preserving the quality of our environment.地球是我们的家，为了我们和我们的下一代我们必须保护她。
这意味着我们要保护我们环境的质量。
The importance of this task is stressed by scientists who study the relation of man to nature.These scientists are called ecologists,from the Greek word oikos,which means home.Ecologists are responsible for keeping the land,air and water clean.”How are we doing?”an ecologist was asked recently.”Lousy,the scientist said,sniffing the fume-laden air.”We’re got to do a better job-and soon-or it will be too late.”研究人与自然关系的科学家强调了这个任务的重要性。
这些科学家被称为生态学家，这个词源于希腊语oikos，意思是家。
生物学家对保护土地、空气和水源的洁净负有责任。
一个生物学家最近被问到：“我们做的怎么样？”他嗅着满是烟雾的空气回答说：“很差劲，我们必须要做的更好，否则很快就会太迟了。
”Consume,consume,consume!Our society is consumer oriented-dangerously so.To keep the wheels of industry turning,we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities,and ,in the process,are rapidly exhausting our natural resources.But this is only half the problem.What do we do with manufactured products when they are worn out?They must be disposed of,but how and where?Unsightly junk-yards full of rusting automoniles already surround every city in the nation.Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year,enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon.There isn’t room for much more waste and yet the factories grind on.They cannot stop because every one wants a job.Our standard of living,one of the highest in the world,required the consumption of manufactured products in ever-increasing amounts.Man,about to be buried in his own waste,is caught in a vicious cycle.”Stop the world ,I want to get off.”is the way a popular song put man’s dilemma.消费，消费，消费！我们的社会是以消费者为中心的，而这是非常危险的。
研究生英语教程课后翻译
研究生英语教程课后翻译1.没有调查，就没有发言权He who makes no investigation has no right to speak.2.努力实现和平统一We should strive for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.3.把钟拆开比把它再装起来容易It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together.4.你三个星期之内完成这项设计不容易It was not easy for you to finish the design in three weeks.5.交翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected.6.他越是要掩盖她的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露The more he tried to hide his warts，the more he revealed them.7.你干嘛不去问他Why don’t you go and ask him about it？8.最好把毛衣穿上，外面相当冷You should better put on your sweater ，for it’s quite cold outside.9.不努力，不会成功One will not succeed unless one works hard10.什么事也不要落在别人后面No matter what you do，you should not lag behind anyone11.我们必须要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.12.你要母鸡多生蛋，又不它米吃；要马儿跑得快，又要马儿不吃草。
研究生英语课文翻译
研究生英语课文翻译Unit one Passage A推进绿色革命――造纸业和气候变化技术和环境一直无法兼得。
一些环保人士仇视技术发展。
大多数环境政策聚焦于价格、能耗和针对太阳能和风能的补贴。
但是，太阳能和风能现在并非前沿技术。
能够列入榜单的重大技术突破寥寥无几。
前途最为光明的技术突破之一是碳捕获和碳存储，它可以中和化石燃料燃烧时所释放出来的二氧化碳。
挪威的蒙斯塔德原本正在建设一个碳捕获和碳存储的大型项目――但是挪威政府却突然叫停了该项目。
鉴于此，我们更有理由带着兴趣――和些许怀疑――来审视欧洲纸浆造纸企业为削减二氧化碳排放量在技术革新方面所做出的努力了。
本周，这些企业宣布了一些富有创意的理念。
如果这些理念被整个造纸行业所采纳，那么到2050年，造纸业的能源消耗将可以降低四分之一，其二氧化碳排放量将可以减少一半还多。
这些理念将会检验各个公司发展的技术可以从多大程度上减缓全球变暖。
纸浆造纸业是一个能源消耗大项――从能耗角度来看，它是全球第五大工业用户。
根据智囊机构世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute）的数据，这一行业在2021年的全球二氧化碳排放量大约为5亿吨。
但是，欧洲的造纸企业相对比较环保：贸易协会欧洲纸业联盟（Confederation of European Paper Industries）表示，该联盟的成员企业在2021年的二氧化碳排放量大约为4600万吨。
缺乏监管的纸浆作坊也制造了大量令人恶心的垃圾。
位于俄罗斯贝加尔湖沿岸的一个小作坊多年以来一直向这个世界上最大的淡水湖排放漂白剂。
面临着大幅削减二氧化碳排放量的要求，欧洲纸业联盟决定尝试技术改革，以观其能否带来大幅改善。
该联盟成立了两个由科学家和商业人士组成的专门小组，每个小组都由一位前CEO来领导（分别是欧洲第四大造纸企业Smurfit Kappa和第五大造纸企业Mondi的前CEO）。
两个小组建立了一个常识资料库，原因是这一理念在于检验创造性想法，而不是专利信息。
研究生英语综合原文及翻译Unit Two中国食物
Unit Two中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。
中国美食1中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。
当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。
10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。
1 Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before. A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants, while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.2地方美食众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。
除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。
2 Regional Chinese CuisinesIt is widely acknowledged that from the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of Chinese based op regional cooking. They came from Shandong, Sichuan, Guang dong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces. In addition to these traditional cuisi nes, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.3被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 8
Is a race of robots possibleA good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain.They insist that a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have it do.如果你称一个计算机为“超级大脑”，有很多技术人员会非常生气。
他们坚持认为电脑仅仅会做思考的人们计划让他们做的事情。
Yet one authority states categorically,”A machine can handle information;it can calculate,conclude,and choose;it can perform reasonable operations with information.A machine,therefore,can think.”Famed mathematician Norbert Wiener,of MIT,envisions a machine that can learn and will “in not way be obliged to make such decisions as we should have made,or will be acceptable to us.”Evidently,he thinks machines can think.但一个官方直截了当地表示“一台机器可以处理信息，它可以计算，总结以及选择，它可以用信息进行合理的运算。
因此机器可以思考。
”著名的数学家,麻省理工学院的Norbert Wiener 假象一个机器可以学习，并且“绝不会被迫做出本应由我们做出的或者我们愿意接受的决定”。
很显然，他认为机器可以思考。
研究生英语系列教材上unit1 原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS核心员工的特征What exactly is a key play？核心员工究竟是什么样子的?A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。
“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said.在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“Key players are essential to my organization.“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just:当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
研究生英语课文翻译
Unit 8 The Business World as Hunting GroundIII. VocabularyA1. come by2. zenith3. obliterate4. in the nick of time5. falsifying6. slips of the tongue7. perseverance8. bracket9.on the watch10.marking timeB1. demotion2.humiliation3.retiring4.cold-bloodedly5.transparent6. becomingly7.spurred8.prestige9.preferred 10.pityC1. D2. C3. B4. A5. A6. A7. B8. C9. D 10. BIV. Cloze1. avoided2. brought3. job4. guilt5. insisting6. adventure7. away8. inside9. staffed 10. being11. drive 12. unjust 13. reformers 14. therefore 15. What16. back 17. emancipation 18. because 19. it 20. whenV. TranslationA.工作对于男人来说，生死攸关。
通常说来，他踏入社会的最初几年具有决定意义。
任何男人到了25岁如果在人生道路上尚未取得显赫的成就，那无论怎么说，都可被视为无药可救了。
在这个阶段，他的各种能力都正在发展，他与竞争对手的争斗是一种殊死搏斗。
在工作友情的面具下，他密切注视着任何一位同事身上显示出的任何优势，一有优势出现，他就会焦虑不安。
如果他关注的这个同事显示出软弱或优柔寡断的迹象，他会立刻加以利用。
然而，人仅仅是一台巨大工作机器上的一个小零件，实际上他自己处处受剥削。
研究生英语系列教材上unit7 原文+翻译
Unit SevenON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer我对人类的了解越多，对他们的期望就越低。
和以前相比，我现在常常以较宽松的标准把一个人叫做好人。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊博士论人性弗兰克，莉迪亚·汉默尔Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a person's nature.人性是性格、气质和性情的基础，性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的，它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生，这种基质，我们称之为一个人的本性。
The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. It is only the surface that is capable of alteration, improvement and refinement; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits.A study of history reveals that the people who walked thisearth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over.人类的本性不会也不能改变，只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升；我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。
研究生英语课后翻译
1．Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2．His sister is a great liar.他妹妹老是说谎。
3．“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身连蹦带跳地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶,穿过走廊，进了门廊。
4．The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。
但是我必须小心谨慎。
5．She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
6．To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
7．Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。
8．He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题表明他有很大的怀疑。
9．By dialing the right number, you may be able to select a play, golf lesson or lecture in physics, from a pretaped library in a remote city, for showing on your home screen.只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到由远方城市的一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 6
How to read body languageAll of us communicate with one another nonverbally,as well as with words.Most of the time we’re not aware that we’re doing it.We gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someone else’s eyes and look away,shift positions in a chair.These actions we assume are random and incidental.But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language.我们每个人与别人都会在用语言交流的同时用非语言进行交流。
大部分时间我们并没有意识到我们正在这么做。
我们用眉和手做动作表示，我们与别人进行眼神接触又移开，在椅子上变换姿势。
我们以为这些姿势都是随意和偶然的，但近些年研究者发现这些动作与语言一样，有一个连续的和可以理解的系统。
Every culture has its own body language,and children absorb its nuances along with spoken language.A Frenchman talks and moves in French.The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it.in talking,Americans are apt to end a statement with a droop of the head or hand,a lowering of the eyelids.They wind up a question with a lift of the hand,a tilt of the chin,or a widening of the eyes.With a future-tense verb they often gesture with a forward movement.每一个文化都有它自己的肢体语言，孩子们伴随口头语言一起吸取这种细微差别。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1：无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。
6特征2：紧迫感唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。
他之前是一名科学家。
许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。
他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。
他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。
7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。
这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
” 8特征3：风险容忍度企业要求员工能承受风险。
“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。
他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。
9豪特赞同这一说法。
“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。
这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。
更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。
因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。
在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。
像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。
”10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。
失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。
所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。
大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。
但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。
“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。
如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。
11特征4：善于处理人际关系瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。
李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。
我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。
“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。
想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。
对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。
”12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。
事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。
Unit Four下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
爱和情感连系奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。
家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。
众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。
而对比之下，拥有爱和拥抱的婴儿通常体重增加得快，哭得少，而笑得多。
到了五岁时，他们的智商和语言测试的分数明显比前一类儿童高得多。
2很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。
正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。
在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。
3对自己的爱，或者说自爱，对我们的社会性和情感发展也是至关重要的。
女演员梅·韦斯特曾说过，“我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人。
”虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心，实际上却是相当有见地。
社会学家将自爱描述为自尊的一个重要基础。
从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。
弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人的先决条件。
不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。
那么到底什么是爱?是什么让人们走到一起?4爱是一个难以描述的概念。
我们都经历过爱，觉得我们知道爱是什么，然而当被问到什么是爱时，人们给出的答案却不尽相同，比如一个九岁的男孩说，“爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。
”爱对我们来说意味着什么，这取决于我们所指的是家人之间、朋友之间还是恋人之间的爱。
几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。
5爱有很多层面，它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是非理性的。
它也可能是柏拉图式的，令人平静的，无私的，或者理智的。
许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一的定义，它有程度和强度之分，并且跨越了社会背景。
拥有恋爱关系至少需要具备三个元素：1)愿意取悦和迁就另一方，即使需要妥协或牺牲；2)能接受另一方的错误和缺点；3)关心爱人的幸福像关心自己一样。
而且，说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。
6不管是哪种类型的爱，关心另一方是非常必要的。
虽然爱可能包含激情的渴望，然而相互尊重才是更重要的品质。
相互尊重是所有爱的共性：“我想要我爱的人为他自己成长发展，并且用他自己的方式，而不是为了迎合我。
”如果没有尊重和关怀，两人的关系就不是建立在爱的基础上；反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，而这会限制爱的双方在社会、情感和智力方面的发展。
7爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。
由于这些印象的缘故，许多人对爱有各种各样的误解，这些误解常常会导致不现实的期望、固定模式或幻觉破灭。
事实上，“真”爱更接近于一位作家(约翰逊，1995)所称的“搅燕麦粥之爱”。
这种爱既不令人激动也不能令人兴奋，但是它却是实实在在的，不浪漫的。
它是付账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。
8有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”，其他人则寻求一种能带来浪漫的烛光美餐的恋爱关系。
不管我们是否决定建立认真的恋爱关系，是什么样的爱让我们走到一起? 9一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。
这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。
实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。
我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。
10从童年开始，父母们就通过选择某个街区和学校，或是鼓励或是限制孩子未来的情感guan系。
在青少年早期，同伴们的标准也会影响青少年决定哪些情感关系是可以接受的(“你想和谁约会?”)。
甚至在13岁之前，情感经历就由社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和培养起来了。
虽然爱情可以跨越文化和民族的界线，但批评和赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受的浪漫行为和与谁发生浪漫行为。
一个人也许会对另一个人产生“欲望”，但是如果有强烈的文化或族群反对，我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因此而爱上某人的。
11里根和波谢德(1999)曾把贪欲、性欲和浪漫的爱加以区分。
他们把贪欲描述为身体上的而非情感上的兴奋，是一种有意识的或无意识的状态。
相反性欲是一种心理状态，在这种心理状态下，一个人想建立一种目前还不具有的恋爱关系，或者是想进行一种目前还没有进行的行为。
性欲可能会成为或不会成为浪漫的爱情(作者把浪漫的爱情等同于充满激情或性欲的爱)。
里根和波谢德认为：性欲是点燃并维持浪漫爱情的必要成分。
一旦性爱消失了，一个人就不能再说成是还处在浪漫恋情中。