高考英语阅读理解专题-推理判断题(含解析)

基础课程教学资料2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Here are six steps to better studying.Pay attention in classDo you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell yourteacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention.Take good notesWrite down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use goodhandwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject.Plan ahead for tests and projectsWaiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it upWhen there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night.Ask for helpYou can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tightSo the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.（1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________.A. a student who always answers questions loudly in classB. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voiceC. a student who likes speaking with others in classD. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places（2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________.A. read your notes over and over againB. turn to people around you for helpC. put aside the material for later reviewD. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?A. Sleep again after waking up.B. Sleep holding your breath deep.C. Get a good night's sleep.D. Go to sleep early every night.2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

BHave you ever wondered why the roots of the plants always know which way to grow—into the soil but not above it? Some British scientists have recently solved this mystery.It turns out that roots have special hairs that tie them into the soil and help them grow their way past obstacles, a team at the John Inners Center in Norwich reports in the February 29 issue of Journal Science."The key is in the fuzzy(有绒毛的) coat of hairs on the roots of plants," says professor Liam Dolan. "We have found a growth control system that enables these hairs to find their way and to become longer when their path is clear."Root hairs explore the soil in much the same way a person would feel their way in the dark. If they come across an obstacle, they make their way around until they can continue growing in an opening. I the meantime, the plant is held in place as the hairs grip the soil.The hairs are guided by a clever chemical trick. A protein(蛋白质) at the tip of the root hairs called RHD2 helps them to take calcium(钙) from the soil. Calcium makes the hairs grow, and produce more RHD2, and take more calcium.But when an obstacle blocks the hair's path, or the hair reaches the surface of the soil, the cycle is broken and growth starts in another direction.This system gives plants the flexibility to explore a complex environment and to live in even the most unpromising soils, says Dolan.In poor soils such as in parts of Australia and Africa, native plants have adapted by producing enormous numbers of root hairs. A better understanding of this adaptation will allow scientists to develop hairy rooted crops that can grow in unfriendly environments.According to Dolan, "Research in the John Inners Center is taking a breeding approach(育种方法) to increase hair length in wheat but it will be some time before new cultivars(栽培变种) are developed."（1）The passage mainly tells us _______.A. how the hairs of the roots of plants grow into the soil but not above itB. how the roots of plants grow into the soil but not above itC. how the roots are covered with hairsD. how scientists control the growth of plants（2）What is the most important thing that enables the roots find their way?A. The hair on the roots.B. The soil around the roots.C. The tips of the roots.D. The shape of the roots.（3）What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A. Crops with short hairs can grow better in the unfriendly environment.B. The longer the hairs, the better the plants can grow in the environment.C. Scientists have successfully increased the hair length in the crop wheat.D. In whatever environment, the roots of plants know which way to grow.3.阅读理解It was a hot day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr. Blickez's Pasture（牧场）and through some woods.The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford bull（公牛）. Mr. Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in the town, maybe even in the county, and we believed him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something fishy about his words. For one thing, we remembered Mr. Blickez liked telling tall tales; for another, Elsie seemed like a strange name for a bull.Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then another problem surfaced. Mom said she would talk to Mr. Blickez if we would take our cousin Joanie along with us. Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller. If her teasing ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me. In fact, I still had a headache from a quarrel with her that morning. “I'm not going swimming with that silly girl cousin,” I told my mom.“Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,” Mom said i n her serious tone（语气）. I gave in and we set out. On your way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly. Elsie had approached him quietly and was licking（舔）his back. Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull after all. She was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still.We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by theso-called “big mean bull”. And as it turned out, for a girl cousin, Joanie hasn't been too bad. She's been one of my best friends over the years.（1）What's the meaning of the underlined word “fishy” in Paragraph 2?A. Funny.B. Interesting.C. Doubtful.D. Believable. （2）What's the second problem the author had to face?A. His mother failed to ask permission for him.B. His mother insisted on his cousin going with him.C. He quarreled with his cousin and had a headache.D. His cousin made jokes on him in his grade school.（3）We can learn from the passage that Elsie .A. was his owner's favorite bullB. was aggressive because of her natureC. disliked to play with little childrenD. was actually friendly to people（4）What's the passage mainly about?A. The bull guarding Mr. Blickez's farm.B. The story of visiting the swimming hole.C. How friendly the so-called “big mean bull” was.D. How the author changed his attitude to Joanie.4.阅读理解Recently actor Adrien Grenier has launched(发动)a campaign to reduce the amount of single-use plastic usage in order to protect and save marine (海洋的)wildlife and the environment. Plastic drinking straws are among many single-use plastic products contributing to the great loss of marine life, but they're a great place to start because they're something that are used by millions of Americans who are unaware that they're so damaging.Americans use more than 500 million straws daily, which is enough to fill 127 school buses each day and they can't be recycled. That means plastic straws might end up in oceans, where fish and other marine wildlife mistake the small bits for food and swallow them. After seeing a photo of a beached whale with a belly full of plastic, Grenier felt the inspiration to launch the Lonely Whale Foundation, hoping to inspire and educate others on the challenges faced by marine wildlife.Along with stopping the use of straws, Grenier hopes to educate consumer on the dangers of other single-use plastic items such as grocery bags and water bottles. While many Americans use these plastic products in their daily life, there are many alternatives that can help protect the environment such as straws made from stainless steel, glass, and even bamboo instead of plastic.In addition to quitting your straw habit, you can further help the environment by taking the I Choose to Reuse commitment, and stop your use of single-use coffee cups, checkout bags and bottled water. Instead, take advantage of any number of alternative reusable products.Need another reason to stop drinking from straws? Grenier also says using straws can cause wrinkles!（1）Protecting marine wildlife can start with stopping using plastic drinking straws becauseA. they are marine wildlife's favorite foodB. they are the most harmful plastic productsC. they are the plastic products people use mostD. they are widely used but their harm isn't fully realized（2）What made Grenier think of the idea to launch the Lonely Whale Foundation?A. A photo of piles of plastic waste.B. The sight of 127 school buses of straws.C. The fuel that many whales beach on the shore.D. A picture of beached whale with a belly full of plastic（3）What will Grenier encourage people to do in their daily life?A. Avoid drinking from bottles.B. Use cloth bags when shopping.C. Purchase single-use coffee cups.D. Use plastic straws to drink repeatedly.（4）Which word can best describe Adrien Grenier?A. Adventurous.B. Humorous.C. Responsible.D. Friendly.5.阅读理解French writer Frantz Fanon once said: “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the online Oxford Dictionary, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today's changing world.After a year that was politically unstable, it's not hard to understand the fact that people's political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is “clicktivism”, a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists” — people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other” that means to alienate (使疏远) people who are different from ourselves — whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration” — a compound of fit and inspiration — refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.The phrase “climate refugee” — someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change — reflects people's concern for the environment.According to Ste venson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days,” he said.But still, not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream (主流的) dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionaries head of content development, suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive (有表现力的) and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.（1）What is the article mainly about?A. Some new word that got included into the online Oxford Dictionary.B. The application of new words and phrases.C. How a language mirrors the changing world.D. The impact of social media on our language.（2）The underlined word “coin” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means ________. A. use B. record C. change D. create （3）How is the article mainly developed?A. By giving examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following a timeline.D. By presenting research findings.（4）According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________. A. be easy to remember B. have unique meaningsC. reflect the changing worldD. be meaningful, expressive and catchy6.阅读理解You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain — a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it ＂the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe＂.Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons — it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.（1）By ＂the most complex thing＂, James Watson means __________.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions （2）Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees'.（3）The author mentions ＂to power light bulbs＂(Para. 4) to show __________.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain （4）What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed ofnumerous neurons.7.阅读理解“We haven't found anything that we can't recycle!”Cigarette ends are everywhere—littering our streets and beaches—and for decades they've been thought of as“unrecyclable”. But a New Jerseybased company, called TerraCycle, has taken on the challenge, and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking, but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and messaging, between 2000 and 2014, global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent, and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways, cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water, ” TerraCycle founder, Tom Szaky, said. “Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food.”So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials, such as the tobacco and the paper, with other kinds of rubbish; and use it on non-agricultural land, such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these, TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces, and then combines them with other recycled materials, making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.They're now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently can't be recycled, such as chocolate packaging, pens, and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill (垃圾填埋), and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far, it's working.“We haven't found anything that we can't recycle,”communications director of Terra Cycle, Albe Zakes, said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world, we are always looking for new waste streams to address.”（1）What does Terra Cycle intend to do?A. To search for recyclable materials for use.B. To recycle what used to be considered unrecyclable.C. To produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.D. To deal with as many cigarette ends as possible.（2）The underlined word “trash” in Par agraph 2 probably means ________.A. poisonB. rubbishC. disasterD. ruin （3）What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. The effective use of cigarette ends.B. The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.C. The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends.D. The process of recycling cigarette ends.（4）What Albe said in the last paragraph implies that ________.A. TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new wasteB. it is difficult for TerraCycle to recycle everythingC. there is more and more waste to be recycledD. TerraCycle has successfully recycled a large amount of waste8.阅读理解LUKLA, Nepal(Xinhua) – Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “world's highest junkyard”, is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters（搬运工）have been mobilized（动员）for waste collection and disposal from the mountain's southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla airport, one of the world's most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the world's highest peak.“Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This c ampaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonburnable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,”Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said.The SPCC, an environmental conversation organization, has made it mandatory（强制性）since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers（旅行者）there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually.According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, torn tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks（麻布袋）by porters and yak-hybrid animals as zopkyos. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp, to Lukla airport located at an altitudeof 2,805 meters.On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmando from Lulka on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The company's CEO U mesh Chandra Rai said: “We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine（原始的）, natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.”（1）What's the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic situation of Mount Everest.B. The introduction of the clean-up campaign.C. The unique way to prevent environment pollution.D. The description of the most dangerous airport in the word.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. The rule for visitors made by the local travel agencies.B. The clean-up campaignlaunched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.C. The demand for the climbers made by the SPCC since 2013.D. The law for the local people made by the Nepalese government.（3）How does the author indicate that the clean-up campaign is very tough?A. By listing figures.B. By making comparisons.C. By giving some examples.D. By analyzing some causes.（4）What's Umesh Chandra Rai's attitude towards the clean-up campaign?A. Doubtful.B. Curious.C. Enthusiastic.D. Unfavorable.9.阅读理解Stained glass (彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product. The most difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut. Basically, it's a curved (弯曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the curve. The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.As the artist talked about inside cuts, he said, “The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much off at once. The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece. In fact, it's not just the best way to do it, but it's the only way to do it.”How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time. We'll commit to transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off, you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside cut. By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves, you prevent the glass from breaking as it changes shape.Of course, change isn't easy — no matter how you do it. Slow gains are boring, but if we keep making small improvements, then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces.（1）Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult?A. It needs a one-and-only design.B. It calls for nothing but inspiration.C. The edges of the curve break easily.D. The glass inside the curve is easily broken. （2）What mistakes are easily made according to paragraph 3?A. Being too eager to make improvements.B. Being too worried about the final outcome.C. Trying to make a complete change all at once.D. Trying to focus on progress instead of achievements.（3）What does the author suggest by saying “slicing a shallow curve”？A. Moving forward with a clear aim.B. Starting slow and improving little by little.C. Developing a new habit with great determination.D. Handling something major first andignore the minor part.（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of stained glass.B. To introduce the skill of an inside cut.C. To appreciate designs of stained glass artists.D. To share his opinions on how to make a change.10.阅读理解It may not come as a surprise but the world as a whole is getting richer. Some people have more disposable income to spend on luxuries such as holidays, cars, TVs and smartphones. Recent data has shown that the number of people living in extreme poverty has halved in recent decades. So should we celebrate the fact that more of us now have a better standard of living?Maybe not. While the gap between rich and poor in some countries is narrowing, there is still a lot of inequality in other places-some people have a lot of money and opportunities and others don't. A recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse revealed how divided many of us are when it comes to wealth. A lot of the money in the world is in the hands of very few people. In fact, 48% of global wealth is owned by the richest 1% of the population.But some countries are attempting to reduce this inequality and make the poor less poor. According to David Bryer from Oxfam, Brazil has been taking “some really sensib lemeasures-measures around having more progressive tax, around investing in a higher minimum wage and investing in central public services.” Having a higher minimum wage(提高最低工资标准), can help people eat better and seek a better education. And more people with more money buy more things-and factories can produce more. In turn, a factory which produces more will need more workers. So, more jobs are created.Other wealthy individuals are doing their bit to help reduce inequality. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, earned a lot of money from his company but when he retired, he and his wife Melinda, created a foundation to help the poor. He thinks that rich people should, of course, pay their taxes but he also advises that they should all “look at taking th eir wealth and being philanthropic, both in their own country and to help the global poorest.”Bill Gates feels that giving money to help poor people is “fulfilling”. But if other super-rich people don't want to experience this fulfilment then, according to Oxfam, very soon the wealthiest 1% will soon own more money than the rest of the world's population. Do you think that is fair?（1）According to a recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse, .A. the gap between the rich and poor is widening graduallyB. increased wealth helps people to reduce the inequalityC. people should be happy about the world's getting richerD. a small number of people possess the major world wealth（2）What's the author's attitude towards Brazil's measures?A. CautiousB. ApprovingC. DoubtfulD. Critical（3）What is the meaning of the underlined word “philanthropic” in Paragraph 4?A. BroadmindedB. ResponsibleC. RealisticD. Merciful （4）The author develops the article mainly by .A. comparing opinions from different fieldsB. listing detailed numbers and analyzing themC. presenting research findings and giving some examplesD. presenting a trend and analyzing its cause and effect。