二(词性和句子成分)

湛江一中2016届高二级第二学期英语科艺术生辅导资料

词性和句子成分

高二（）班学号：_______ 姓名：___________ 分数：__________

句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语

写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。

一、主语（subject）：句子的主题

练习：（每题1分，共8分）

请找出下列句子的主语（下划单横线），并归纳总

1 The boy comes from America.

2 He usually goes to school alone.

3 Learning English is very important.

4 To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.

5 That he won the prize excited everyone.

6 It is important for us to have our dreams.

7 It is obvious that he was wrong.

8 It is no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)

归纳并记忆：

1 主语由什么词充当呢？

谁\ 什么：_________________

做什么：_________________

某件事：__________________

2 主语一般放在什么位置？

一般情况下，句子的主语放于___________ , 但当句子的主语过长（由

_____________、_______________ 、_____________构成）时，为了使句子平衡，

避免头重脚轻，常用______ 放于句首，作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于

________。

3 动词可以作主语吗？

Play basketball is my favourite sport.

二谓语（verb）

说明主语的动作、状态、或者特征，由动词或动词词组充当，除了倒装情况，谓语总是谓语主语的后面，即：主语+谓语

练习：（每题1分，共6分）

找出下列句子的谓语（下划双横线）并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形、助动词+动词的适当形式

1 His parents are teachers.

2 The sun rises in the east.

3 We have finished reading the book.

4 You ought to work harder.

5 I felt cold.

6 He doesn't like music.

三宾语(object) ：表示动作的对象

练习：（每题1分, 共9分）

请找出下列句子的宾语（下划波浪线），并归纳总结

1 He has never met her in person.

2 She handed him a book.

3 He likes to play basketball.

4 We enjoy listening to music.

5 She said she felt sick.

6 They sent the injured to hospital.

7 I foud it impossible to believe her any longer.

8 We consider it no good getting up late.

9 They believed it strange that he should have done that.

归纳并记忆：

1 宾语由什么词充当？与充当主语的词进行比较

2 宾语的位置：一般情况下，宾语放于谓语（及物动词）的后面，但当句子的宾语为__________、__________、__________ 时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用______作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放于_________。

3 由上面的练习3和4联想：什么时候用动名词作宾语？什么时候用不定式？怎么确定？

记忆下列动词后跟不定式作宾语：

attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would like 等+ to do

记忆下列动词后跟动名词作宾语：

admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse(请原谅), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, give up, can't help, look forward等+doing

综合练习：(每题4分，共36分)

分析下列句子，找出主语（下划单横线），谓语（下划双横线），宾语（下划波浪线）。

1 The girl comes from Japan.

2 He foud it no use trying to persuade her.

3 To be a teacher is my dream.

4 Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.