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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.

Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments. A total of about one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area and a third of the country's GDP is produced there.

Finland was a relative latecomer to industrialization, remaining a largely agrarian country until the 1950s. Thereafter, economic development was rapid. Finland built an extensive welfare state and balanced between the East and the West in global economics and politics. With the best educational system in Europe, Finland has recently ranked as one of the world's most peaceful, competitive and livable countries.

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Finland — Introduction

Nowhere in Europe is there a destination of greater contrasts than Finland. Straddling central and northern Europe and the Arctic regions, its seasons and landscapes are as different as night and day, but it’s this that makes it all the more alluring.

Finland is dotted with hundreds of thousands of lakes and islands carpeted with dense spruce forests. It’s this landscape that puts swimming, sailing, windsurfing and jet-skiing high on the agenda for any visitor.

A nature-lover’s paradise, Finland is one of the few countries in Europe where you can view brown bears, wolves, elk and reindeer in the wild.

In winter it hosts the greatest show on earth when the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights paints the sky in a Technic olor display of one of nature’s finest spectacles.

It’s also at this time of year, during the season’s short days, that Lapland’s indigenous Sami people host visitors from across the world searching for Santa Claus, while others take to cross-country ski courses and ice-fishing.

As the cloak of winter lifts, summer brings a very different Finland. The Midnight Sun covers the country in near perpetual daylight and Finns retire to lakeside summer cottages for relaxing days. Finns often refer to Lapland’s wilderness as a place of ‘strange magic’ during this time of the year. The light there is exceptional, and with long brilliant sunny days, even sleeping is less important as the dazzling daylight stretches late into the evening. Added to this, studies have shown that the cleanest air in Europe is to be found in northern Lapland, so it’s little wonder the Finns have a