部分院校2016年考博英语作文题目汇总
2016武大考博英语试题及答案(K12教育文档)
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答案见附录2016武大博士生英语入学考试真题答案I．Reading Comprehension（40分)（黄老师提供)BCAD ACBA DDCA DCAB CCBAPart II English—Chinese Translation（5＊4=20分)（方老师提供：标答）1. 如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用和重要的产品，在市场上买得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣到金钱。
2。
我们想到死便震惊不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用以保全生命。
可是我们对于损失一个钟头或者一天时间往往漠不关心，忘记生命原来就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。
3. 现在如果从我们的寿命中减去所有这些岁月，我们将发现，能让我们用于有效工作的时间大概是15或20年左右。
谁能记住这一点,就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每时每刻。
4。
如果我们让生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走而未加利用,我们将永远无法弥补这种损失.等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期没能获得的知识或技能将永远不能获得了。
Part III Chinese—English Translation(20分）（方老师提供：标答）We are not sure what “intelligence” is， not what is passed on. However，the fact does not prevent us from finding it a very useful concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which “measure" it。
2016全国卷英语作文题
2016全国卷英语作文题Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to express my deep concern regarding the recent trend of students neglecting the importance of physical education in favor of academic studies. As a high school student, I have witnessed firsthand how the focus on academic achievements has overshadowed the value of physical fitness.First and foremost, it is universally acknowledged that a sound mind resides in a sound body. Physical education is not only about sports; it is about building a foundation for a healthy lifestyle. It is through physical activities that we can improve our stamina, coordination, and overall well-being.Moreover, engaging in sports and other physical activitiescan significantly reduce stress and anxiety that often accompany the pressures of academic life. It is a well-known fact that regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood elevators. This can help students maintain a positive outlook and enhance their mental health.Additionally, participating in team sports can foster a sense of camaraderie and teamwork, which are essential life skills. It teaches students to work together towards a common goal,to respect one another's strengths and weaknesses, and to communicate effectively.However, I have noticed that many of my peers are foregoing physical education in favor of extra study sessions. This is a concerning trend that needs to be addressed. Schools should place equal emphasis on both academic and physical education. Students should be encouraged to balance their time between studying and engaging in physical activities.In conclusion, I urge the school authorities to take immediate action to ensure that physical education is given its due importance. It is our collective responsibility to nurture well-rounded individuals who excel not only academically but also physically.I look forward to a positive response and a prompt resolution to this matter.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。
沈阳工业大学考博2016年英语
12. 13. A. ensure B. guarantee C. assume D. confirm沈阳工业大学2016年博士研究生招生考试题签（请考生将题答在试题纸上，答在题签上无效）第1页共9页 Part I Vocabulary (15 points, 0.5 for each)Directions: In this section, there are 30 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line on the ANSWER SHEET.1.To run a business on a small ______ is by no means an easy job. A. frame B. range C. number 2.I don't want them to _______ their religious beliefs on my children. A. insert B. impose C. import 3. September 1939 saw the ______ of the Second World War.A. outcomeB. outskirtC. outbreak5. Tom, did it ever _______ to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams?A. happenB. occurC. reflectD. strike6. It's urgent that a meeting _______ before the final decision is made.A. be arrangedB. will be arrangedC. must be arrangedD. would be arranged7. What is beyond _______ is that many women in the public eye are having extensive cosmetic work done,starting ever younger.A. negotiationB. continuityC. bargainD. doubt8. One of our contributions as a global institution is to ensure that the world understands that and takes actionA. thoughB. thereforeC. accordinglyD. nevertheless9. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth __________ of American Independence.A. ceremonyB. anniversaryC. occurrenceD. occasion10. The great purpose of school education is not so much to teach you things, _____________ to teach you the art oflearning.A. asB. thatC. thanD. andUnlike physical energy, which is finite and __________ with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothingto do with genes or upbringing.A. deceivesB. displaysC. diminishes Samuel likes doing some reading at home __________ to the cinema.A. than to goB. than goingC. rather than goingD. rather than to goYour son suffers from your _________ s hielding.A. excessiveB. extensiveC. extreme to meet the demands of all its members. 科目名称：英语D. scale D. inspire D. outline 4. Ifs my personalA. conviction that all criminals should be locked away for life.B. contestC. consentD. content11. D. deservesD. exclusive 14. The UN couldn't15. Eating too much fat can _________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. contribute toB. attribute toC. attend toD. devote to16. Why be ________ about that old coat? There's no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when youfirst met me.Purchasing the new production line will be a _________ deal for the company.A. profitableB. tremendousC. forcefulD. favorite Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior _______ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.A. involveB. composeC. encloseD. attach Believe it or not, 1 have done nothing wrong. At least I can face them with a clear __________ .A. lookB. conscienceC. mindD. face The whole path _______ electricity travels is known as a circuit.A. along thatB. asC. along whichD. in thatShe's tired of changing her jobs frequently, so she hopes to find a(n) ___________ one.A. lastingB. eternalC. persistentD. permanent22. True friendship must be based on _________ the joys as well as troubles.A, participating B. sharing C. owing D. possessing23. "Marquis," said the boy, ________ to the man, his eyes _________ wide, and his right hand raised.A. turned ... openB. turning ... openingC. turning ... openedD. turned ... opening24. It is universally believed that an autobiography is often less _________ than a biography.A. truthfulB. trueC. reliableD. honest25. Listening to Grandpa talk about his miserable life in the past is a truly __________ experience.A. financialB. religiousC. spiritualD. medical26. The child was ________ t o open the refrigerator door.A. barely tall enoughB. barely enough tallC. tall barely enoughD. enough barely tall27. The factory where my parents used to work was _________ from Shanghai to Xi'an in the early 1960,s.A. transportedB. transplantedC. transmittedD.translated28. You will need some time to orient yourself ________ the new way of teaching and learning here.A. withB. inC. ofD. to29. The successful series was first co-hosted by Buck Owens and Roy Clark, and later on they appeared onlyoccasionally, _______ for various guest hosts.A. having made roomB. have made roomC. making roomsD. having made a room30. The ________ of understanding is for two ends: first, our own increase of knowledge; secondly, to enable us todeliver that knowledge to others.A. riseB. reasonC. improvementD. declinePart II Cloze (15 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Iridology (虹膜学)is a form of alternative medicine that involves close examination of the iris - the coloredpart of the eye 一 to show an individual's (31) _________ . The advantage is that it offers a way (32) _____________ out what is wrong with body without (33) ________________ the body in any way, as for example, X-rays do. Thedisadvantage is that it cannot actually treat a disease. The iridologist simply offers a program of preventative A. sensibleB. sensationalC. sentimentalD. sensitive 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.(34) ___________ •Eye analysis (35) ____________an established method of discovering illness since the 17th century in Europe.But the science of iridology as (36) ____________ today began in the 19th century when the Hungarian doctor Ignatzvon Peezely (37) ____________ a black mark in the eye of an owl that had broken its leg to the same mark in a patient (38) ___________ his leg.The iris (39) ___________ to be the window to your health because it responds to changes in the nervoussystem. The left iris shows changes in the left side (40) ______________ , and the right iris shows (41) ____________ is happening in the right side.The fibers of the iris are thought (42) ____________ the conditions of the organs and tissues throughout the body. There are only three basic iris colors 一blue, brown and green - and any other color, such as orange or yellow, is thought to be caused by toxins in the body. Such toxins can be the cause of complaints about rheumatism (pain in the muscles and joints), arthritis (pain and (43) ____________ in the joints), ulcers (sores on the skin, mouth or internal organs) and skin problems. Rings around the eye rims, for example, indicate (44) ______________ .After diagnosis, an iridologist (45) ______________ a treatment program, which may include a change of diet, breathing exercises, massage, and herbal treatments.Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points, 1.5 for each)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneA Tourist Should Know How to Behave HimselfYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, write out some improper behavior on the part of some tourists.In the second part, air your view about the negative effect by such behavior and suggest ways to prevent it.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
博士研究生入学考试真题英语-2016
装备学院2016年博士研究生入学考试英语(1001)试题(注意：答案必须定在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分)PART I VOCABULARY (10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest inmeaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.1. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them lookyounger.A. revealB. underlineC. improveD. integrate2. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of the referees in agame.A. justiceB. biasC. participationD. regionalism3. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A. consideredB. stipulatedC. raisedD. stimulated4. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A. set foot onB. lose their heart toC. set their mind onD. get hold of5. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A. approximatelyB. exactlyC. less thanD. more than6. These old shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residentialbuildings.A. pulled outB. pulled inC. pulled downD. pulled up7. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A. observeB. memorizeC. commentD. request8. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and thehuman brain.A. likenessB. relationC. contradictionD. difference9. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked insome aspects.A. practicallyB. wonderfullyC. beneficiallyD. seemingly10. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A. so-calledB. well-knowsC. esteemedD. undoubted Section BDirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Answer Sheet.11. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig‟sgenetic _______.A. reservoirB. warehouseC. poolD. storehouse12. The chairman said that he was prepared to ________ the younger people in thedecision making.A. put up withB. make way forC. shed light onD. take charge of13. Tom is angry at Linda because she _____ him _______ all the time.A. sets…upB. puts…downC. runs…outD. drops…in14. The ability to focus attention on important things is a ________ characteristic ofintelligence.A. definingB. decliningC. defeatingD. deceiving15. Our picnic having been _____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilionuntil it cleared up.A. destroyedB. underminedC. spoiltD. contaminated16. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A. despisedB. resentedC. worshipedD. ridiculed17. One of the main purpose of using slang is to consolidate one‟s ____ with a group.A. specificationB. unificationC. notificationD. identification18. The _____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to thesoaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A. brain damageB. brain trustC. brain feverD. brain drain19. This matter settled, we decided to _______ to the next item on the agenda.A. succeedB. exceedC. proceedD. precede20. Listening is as important as taking. If you are a good listener, people often _____you for being a good conversationalist.A. complementB. complimentC. compelD. complainPart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through.Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, orD for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the wordor phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets onyour Answer Sheet.It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life‟s happiness and much of its 21 come from the same source—one‟s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 22 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 23 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 24 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,”25 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 26 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said: “My wife has told me that she doesn‟t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 27 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 28 .”Of course, some in such terrible straits 29 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 30 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 31 state. “Unlikely to divorce, legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 32 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 33 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 34 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved—not only from the 35 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.21. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth22. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny23. A. late B. later C. latter D. last24. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended25. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided26. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational27. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided28. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated29. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray30. A. in the end B. out of the count C. in the way D. out of the question31. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless32. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with33. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return34. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route35. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and other trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,”says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it‟s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We‟re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it‟s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims no t only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful” Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent game still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?36. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that help people learn more about computers.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that provide special training for writers online.D. Those that provide special training for pilots.37. According to one study, more computer and online games _______.A. allow the players to take part in killing actsB. teach the players to be antisocialC. make the players forget the real life resultsD. that young people like contain violence38. What does the underlined word “dismember” in paragraph 4 mean?A. To kick somebody out.B. To cut somebody into pieces.C. To dismiss somebody.D. To stab a knife into somebody.39. Many studies have suggested that _________.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence40. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that _______.A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifePassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth‟s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field‟s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet‟s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world‟s largest effort at tracking the field‟s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.41. According to the passage, the Earth‟s magnetic field has __________.A. begun to change in the opposite directionB. been weakening in strength for a long timeC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. misguided many a man and animal42. During the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field ____________.A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused as to directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger43. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth‟s magnetic field would ______.A. destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB. cause some species extinctions on the EarthC. not be as disastrous as the previous oneD. cause no big trouble for man and animals44. According to the passage, ___________.A. we should not worry about the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic fieldB. the Earth‟s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 yearsC. the Earth‟s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidlyD. the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science45. The author says “…the public has no reason to panic” because _________.A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780,000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishPassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder hat in today‟s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it‟s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren‟t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn‟t what do, but it‟s how it‟s covered that determines the effect.”For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one ofthe most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the US hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening‟s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group‟s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don‟t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It‟s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,”says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the US Army reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it‟s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don‟t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don‟t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven‟t really harmed the enemy every much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you‟ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”46. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare? ___________.A. Terrorist attacksB. The increase of military conflictsC. Advances in nuclear weaponsD. Prosperity of the media47. The goal of psychological warfare is to ____________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage48. According to Richard Bulliet, publicized an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ____________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat49. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that __________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective50. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________.A. scare the publicB. demonstrate their crueltyC. manipulate the government concernedD. show their group powerPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall‟s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillaed won‟t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year‟s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted student s will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400 compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted student, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year‟s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It‟s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from …august to mid-September “to turn away from the majority of the hurricaneseason,”Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-one-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted student and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, …I want to be a part of the action,‟” says Stieffel, noting that Loyola‟s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.51. The word “Katrina” in Para. 1 probably refers to _____________.A. a hurricaneB. an admission officialC. a universityD. a student52. It can be learned from the passage that ____________.A. most colleges requires students to apply and commit to their institutionsB. more students are applying to multiple institutionsC. all students are required to make their institution choices by May 1D. university trustees make decisions on enrollment53. The following statements are all true EXCEPT ____________.A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB. Xavier University fell behind its recruitment scheduleC. applicants to Xavier University fell by about half of last year‟s recordD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions54. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both _.A. freezing tuitionsB. extending application deadlinesC. hosting meetingsD. increasing scholarships55. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its ____________.A. new enrollment policiesB. aggressive recruitment scheduleC. academic positionD. financial situationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words on the Answer Sheet.In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society‟s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.(注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答)56. What is the passage mainly about?57. The function of the government is to ________________________________?58. What is the starting point of a more realistic approach?59. Business can and does generate its own order, but ________________.60. Government depend less on business because ___________________________.Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each) Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved youshould proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Writedown your correction on the Answer Sheet.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correctone in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “Λ”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary with a slash “/” and put theword in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example:When Λ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (1) an(2) never(3) exhibitAs one of the many outgrowths of the sweeping federal health carelaw, health insurances and employers must now pay the cost of screening 61.____ children for obesity and providing them with appropriate counseling.With about one in three children in America obese and overweight, 62.____ the need for such programs is clear. But experts say, creating them willbe challenging. More than intensive hospital-based programs, few proven 63.____ models exist for helping children and adolescents achieve and maintain ahealthier weight, and researchers do not even fully understand the factorsthat contributed the rapid rise in childhood obesity in recent years. 64.____ While there are many community efforts aimed at getting every childto eat better and exercise more, including Michelle Obama‟s “Let‟s Move”initiative, there is also growing demand for programs help children who 65.____ are already seriously overweight. WellPoint and the UnitedHealth Group,another large insurer, are experimenting with the new approaches, and 66.____ even Weight Watchers says it is working to develop a program for childrenand teenagers. Drug companies and medical device makers are also testingsome products for children. 67.____ Adults have a difficult enough time lose weight, and the issues are 68.____ even more complicated with children and teenagers, experts say. Childrenare still growing, and the goal of any program maybe to help them grow 69.____ into a healthier weight rather than to actually gain pounds. Experts also 70.____ say that to be successful, programs need to focus on the family as a whole,changing what everybody eats and how much time they are all active, notsitting in front of a computer screen or television.Part V Translation (15 points, 3 points each)Directions:Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet..。
中国科学院大学考博英语作文
Title: The Journey to the Top: Pursuing a PhD at the University of Chinese Academy ofSciencesIn the academic world, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) stands tall as a beacon of excellence and innovation. Its reputation for fostering cutting-edge research and fostering the brightest minds in science is unparalleled. As I embarked on the challenging journey of applying for a PhD program at UCAS, I felt a sense of excitement and anticipation that was unparalleled. The application process itself was rigorous and competitive, requiring a meticulous attention to detail and a strong foundation in research. The essay, a crucial part of the application, was my opportunity to showcase my research interests, academic achievements, and personal qualities. I knew that my essay had to be not just well-written but also authentic, reflecting my unique perspective and passion for science.I began by delving into the depths of my research interests, exploring the nuances and connections that had captivated me over the years. I wanted to convey a sense ofcuriosity and enthusiasm that would resonate with the admissions committee. I described how my undergraduate research experiences had sparked a deep interest in thefield of materials science, and how I had since then been relentlessly pursuing knowledge and skills to further my understanding.Highlighting my academic achievements was also crucial.I detailed my participation in various projects and competitions, emphasizing the value of teamwork, leadership, and critical thinking skills that I had honed along the way.I emphasized how these experiences had not only enriched my academic journey but also prepared me for the rigors of a PhD program.The personal aspect of the essay was equally important.I wanted to show the admissions committee that I was notjust a dedicated researcher but also a well-rounded individual with passions and interests beyond the laboratory. I spoke about my love for music, my involvement in community service, and my commitment to scientific outreach activities. These aspects of my life, I argued,had shaped my character and made me a more compassionateand empathetic researcher.In conclusion, my essay was a testament to my dedication, passion, and potential as a future PhD studentat UCAS. It was my opportunity to paint a picture of myself that was both comprehensive and engaging, reflecting notjust my academic credentials but also my unique perspective and aspirations. As I submitted my application, I knew that I had done my best to present myself as the ideal candidate for this prestigious program.**中国科学院大学考博英语作文的旅程**在学术领域，中国科学院大学（UCAS）犹如一座卓越与创新的灯塔，矗立不倒。
2016全国卷英语作文题
2016全国卷英语作文题Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to express my deep concern regarding the recent trend of students neglecting the importance of physical education in favor of academic studies. As a high school student, I have witnessed firsthand how the focus on academic achievements has overshadowed the value of physical fitness.First and foremost, it is universally acknowledged that a sound mind resides in a sound body. Physical education is not only about sports; it is about building a foundation for a healthy lifestyle. It is through physical activities that we can improve our stamina, coordination, and overall well-being.Moreover, engaging in sports and other physical activitiescan significantly reduce stress and anxiety that often accompany the pressures of academic life. It is a well-known fact that regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood elevators. This can help students maintain a positive outlook and enhance their mental health.Additionally, participating in team sports can foster a sense of camaraderie and teamwork, which are essential life skills. It teaches students to work together towards a common goal,to respect one another's strengths and weaknesses, and to communicate effectively.However, I have noticed that many of my peers are foregoing physical education in favor of extra study sessions. This is a concerning trend that needs to be addressed. Schools should place equal emphasis on both academic and physical education. Students should be encouraged to balance their time between studying and engaging in physical activities.In conclusion, I urge the school authorities to take immediate action to ensure that physical education is given its due importance. It is our collective responsibility to nurture well-rounded individuals who excel not only academically but also physically.I look forward to a positive response and a prompt resolution to this matter.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。
2016年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2016年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解（A卷）SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)American cities are(1)_____other cities around the world.In every country,cities reflect the(2)_____of the culture.Cities contain the very(3)_____aspect of a society:opportunities for education,employment,and entertainment.They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime,racial conflict and poverty.American cities are changing,just(4)_____American society.After World War II,the population of(5)_____large American cities decreased;however the population in many Sun Belt cities___(6)____.Los Angeles and Houston are cities(7)_____ population increased.These population shifts to and from the city(8)_____the changing values of American society.During this time,in the(9)_____1940s and early1950s,city residents became wealthier,more prosperous.They had more children.They needed more(10)_____. They moved out their apartments in the city(11)_____their own homes.They bought houses in the(12)_____,areas near a city where people live.These are areas(13)_____many offices or factories.During the1950s the American"dream"was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the1950s are now (14)_____.They,(15)_____their parents,want to live in the cities.(16)_____continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt.Cities are(17)_____and the population is increasing in such states as Texas,Florida,and California.Others are moving to more(18)_____cities of the North-east and Midwest,such as Boston,Baltimore and Chicago.Many young professionals,doctors,lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city.They prefer the city(19)_____the suburbs because their jobs are there;they are afraid of the fuel shortage;or they just(20)_____the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.A new class is moving into the cities—a wealthier,more mobile class.1.[A]different from[B]similar to[C]better than[D]worse than2.[A]values[B]worth[C]importance[D]expense3.[A]well[B]good[C]better[D]best4.[A]likely[B]as[D]when5.[A]all[B]most[C]few[D]much6.[A]increased[B]changed[C]decreased[D]lowered7.[A]its[B]which[C]where[D]that8.[A]become[B]reflect[C]gain[D]contain9.[A]late[B]later[C]lately[D]latter10.[A]space[B]spots[C]time[D]food11.[A]buying[B]buy[C]to buy[D]bought12.[A]outskirts[B]downtown[C]districts[D]suburbs13.[A]without[B]with[C]within[D]from14.[A]managers[B]adults[C]parents[D]doctors15.[A]likely[B]like[D]unlike16.[A]Some[B]All[C]Several[D]Lots of17.[A]stretching[B]widening[C]expanding[D]prolonging18.[A]organized[B]famous[C]official[D]established19.[A]than[B]better than[C]rather than[D]to20.[A]win[B]enjoy[C]earn[D]acquire【答案与解析】1.B根据文章第二句的提示，在每个国家，城市都反映着各自国家的文化，此句的句意为，美国的城市和世界上其他的城市一样。
(完整版)南京农业大学2016年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
南京农业大学2016年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考生答题须知：1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
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PART I Vocabulary (15points)Section ADirections: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didn't show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently5. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed.A. recommendedB. reproachedC. recompensedD. reversed6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifacts7. Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagantB. carefulC. impotentD. impulsive8. Pan of his general thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses.A. painstakingB. dilatoryC. meretriciousD. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant's trial for murder.A. a decision of guiltyB. a decision to punish by electrocutionC. an impasseD. an unusual verdict10. Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdictionover a variety of misdemeanors.A. guidanceB. sovereigntyC. authorityD. suzerainty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravagantB. producedC. divergentD. repetitious12. Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.A. permanentB. temporaryC. corruptD. craven13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found.A. demolishedB. took overC. inhabitedD. thoroughly searched14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. millionairesB. endorsementsC. governmentsD. donations15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSection BDirections: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he ________ all communication with the group.A. convertB. avertedC. severedD. make17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _____.A. attainableB. remoteC. imminentD. eminent18. All of the dental instruments need to be _______ before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. sterilizedD. burned19. Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to ________ the steepest face with greatagility.A. scaleB. surpassC. overcomeD. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ________ firemen, policemen, and paramedicsimmediately.A. assignB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His evident _______ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personalityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22. I don't know why he has been given ________. It wasn't his accomplishment but his wife's.A. acclaimB. confidenceC. reimbursementD. robustness23. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U. S., he will _______ work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo24. When Ph. D candidates ________ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offeredby the prospective universities.A. anticipateB. assumeC. applyD. demand25. My supply of confidence slowly ________ as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the ________ of the progress of the war.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive27. It has long been known that total sleep ________ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of thedead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositionB. destructionC. deprivationD. reduction28. In that country, hospital doctors don't go sightseeing very often because their work ________ almost alltheir time.A. takes upB. takes offC. takes apartD. takes over29. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ________ before the General Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ________ theconsequences.A. answer forB. run intoC. abide byD. step intoPART Ⅱ Grammar (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountain range and thousands flock to the AlpsA B Ceach year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions.D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and itA Bwas in this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown.C D33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburg's main street,A Bthe classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye.C D34. She is furious of her son's grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia's high AB Cmarks on the exam.D35. Smog-choked Southern California demands them. It's a car for people who never want to goAto a gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been aB Chard-sell.D36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fishA Btheir long life-span. Of course, it hasn't done a lot of good for these carp.C D37. In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximumApersonal ability rating, when they are challenged but can he victorious, rather than merelyB Csurmounting the mediocre.D38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke fromA Ba genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.C D39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack,A B Cthus caused the delay in the advance.D40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas eveningA B Cwhen peace and calm return to the household.D41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basic process.A B C D42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemploymentA Band closures than in previous years.C D43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform,A Babusing children and toxic waste.C D44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochester's wrath by not listening to his prohibitions,A Bwhile a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffledC Dstep on the carpet.45. The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive socialA B C Dgroupings.Section BDirections: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.46. ________ that the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it need to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thought47. It is most inappropriate ________ in the college VIP lounge.A. for any students to be thereB. for there to be any studentsC. to be any students thereD. to have there any students48. She ________ much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.A. gotB. would have gotC. had gotD. would be getting49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, ________.A. whether they are future physicists or chemists.B. be they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The general opinion is that he is ________ to complain.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoastD. so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably dear that in certain countries - Rwanda,Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute foodshortage, ________ a policy decision or the political situation.A. than ofB. rather thanC. but the result ofD. than is52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of spaceship Earth as ________ the waters of its lakes,ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ________last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, thedaily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _______ its grammatical structure.A. the same areB. and so areC. as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isn't all ________.A. what there is to lifeB. to which there is in lifeC. there is to lifeD. that is in life56. ________ ever so humble, there's no plane like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57. ________ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate, perhapsonly to the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists.A. NearlyB. It is nearlyC. That nearlyD. When nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.A. butB. theC. matchD. any59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposalfor food production is ________.A. three times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is ________ heard by jungle dwellers ________ feelings of unease, for ayear does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger's ferocity.A. always...withB. ever...withoutC. ever...withD. never...withoutPART ⅢClone test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production-capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring __61__ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, 62 have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 63 _that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 64 amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important 65 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and influence.There are many 67 with the thesis above, not the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 69 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 70 of some new industries indicates.71 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 72 many new fines and made some scientists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be 74 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many newhigh-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service 77 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the 78 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless63. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution64. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant65. A. source B. factor C. component D. element66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual67. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials68. A. them B. those C. which D. that69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge70. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated73. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match74. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized75. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. mined out76. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant77. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries78. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit79. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemnPART ⅣREADING OOMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that, unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81. "Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage". The sentence means ________.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to ________.A. those scholars with traditional ideaB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard theoryD. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the ________.A. red money wagesB. movement of priceC. function of money-wagesD. both A & B84. “Their" method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized that________.A. a fall in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor market oflaborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages85. How dose labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wage.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of thus passage indicates that ________.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U. S.C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage could characterize thedepression of 1930s in the U. S.D. both A & BPassage 2The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive, albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose during the selection process. Most national legal systems have statutory rules as to the type of interests, relationships, and experiences that disqualify an arbitrator. Not infrequently, the disqualifying factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and international arbitration somewhat differently, and may indeed supplement the international roles with additional features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agencies tend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitrators move in the highly interconnected world of affairs, and do not stand aloof from commerce as judges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual business or legal connections will. Inasmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators generally do, suspicions arise that an arbitrator's favor may incline to the party or counsel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The uncertainty in the held is at its most troubling when arbitrators are party-appointed. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill he same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-party arbitrators, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the United States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as pawns of the appointers. Imposing standard of neutrality and disinterestedness on them would he futile.It follows from this dichotomy between party-appointed and non-party-appointed arbitrators that opinion on the question of their nationality is also split. A party needs to be expected to choose a fellow national. This question of nationality is acute when one party to the arbitration is a governmental agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise nationals; a foreign enterprise contract calling for such arbitration may be foolhardy.The slate is largely blank with respect to roles for the conduct of arbitrators outside the field of conflict of interests. Considering only the matter of ex-parte communications, American case law is astonishing lax, refusing to set aside awards where such communication obtained between an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both patties. The differences in views on this topic indicate how useful a set of guidelines might be.87. The best title for this passage is __________.A. International Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsB. Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. International Arbitrators and Conflicts of Interests88. The expression "They may treat" refers to __________.A. arbitrators and judgesB. national legal systemsC. experiencesD. disqualifying factors89. Courts and agencies __________.A. do not apply their regulations strictlyB. often consider arbitrators as judgesC. understand the general relationship between business and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above90. A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen __________.A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their decisionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers91. A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea __________.A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the contract92. "Ex-parte communications" refer to __________.A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartialityPassage 3Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here’s the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy stone book rack, next to typical kids' books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is 'Dysfunctional"'. It's a teacher's guide called "Happy to Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem”. Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation as consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed.Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty percent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided indimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper."Happy to Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great” or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves". Which is goo d, because all that reviling didn’t make me feel p articularly good about anything.93. In paragraph 2, "whole language" teaching is in inverted commas because __________.A. the writer is using direct speechB. the writer is questioning the education conceptC. the words quoted have been extracted from a translationD. the writer is quoting from another source94. In paragraph 3, the author is clearly expressing his idea about self-esteem. He believes that it is__________.A. essential that self-esteem should be promoted in American schools because the author used to suffer froma lack of self-esteem as a childB. equally important to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge they will require in the futureC. important to remember how mush school children used to suffer from a lack of self-esteemD. reassuring to observe that children benefit from the promotion of a positive image96. Which of the following is the writer implying in paragraph 4?A. Self-criticism has gone too far.B. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.C. Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.D. This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today.96. We may infer from paragraph 4 that the writer generally disagrees with one of the following ideas__________.A. the whole concept of communication is being perceived differentlyB. the way American children communicate among themselves is more important than anything elseC. academic skills should be encouraged and promoted in the American education systemD. the progress that American children could be monitor with more traditional methods97. In this passage, the writer is clearly stating the intention which is to get the reader to _____.A. confirm current education trends and teaching methodsB. rethink and reorganize educational strategiesC. think about the various elements which constitute what we call "communication" nowadaysD. reassure the parents about the methodology currently being used in American schools98. What's the best summary for this passage?A. New educational theories will revolutionize the way our children learn.B. The influence of new methodology will spread worldwide.C. Personal values like self-esteem will become predominant for school children in the future.D. Current education trends may jeopardize the prospects of future generations.。
沈阳工业大学考博2016年英语
沈阳⼯业⼤学考博2016年英语12. 13. A. ensure B. guarantee C. assume D. confirm沈阳⼯业⼤学2016年博⼠研究⽣招⽣考试题签（请考⽣将题答在试题纸上，答在题签上⽆效）第1页共9页 Part I Vocabulary (15 points, 0.5 for each)Directions: In this section, there are 30 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line on the ANSWER SHEET.1.To run a business on a small ______ is by no means an easy job. A. frame B. range C. number 2.I don't want them to _______ their religious beliefs on my children. A. insert B. impose C. import 3. September 1939 saw the ______ of the Second World War.A. outcomeB. outskirtC. outbreak5. Tom, did it ever _______ to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams?A. happenB. occurC. reflectD. strike6. It's urgent that a meeting _______ before the final decision is made.A. be arrangedB. will be arrangedC. must be arrangedD. would be arranged7. What is beyond _______ is that many women in the public eye are having extensive cosmetic work done,starting ever younger.A. negotiationB. continuityC. bargainD. doubt8. One of our contributions as a global institution is to ensure that the world understands that and takes actionA. thoughB. thereforeC. accordinglyD. nevertheless9. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth __________ of American Independence.A. ceremonyB. anniversaryC. occurrenceD. occasion10. The great purpose of school education is not so much to teach you things, _____________ to teach you the art of learning.A. asB. thatC. thanD. andUnlike physical energy, which is finite and __________ with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothingto do with genes or upbringing.A. deceivesB. displaysC. diminishes Samuel likes doing some reading at home __________ to the cinema.A. than to goB. than goingC. rather than goingD. rather than to goYour son suffers from your _________ s hielding.A. excessiveB. extensiveC. extreme to meet the demands of all its members. 科⽬名称：英语D. scale D. inspire D. outline 4. Ifs my personalA. conviction that all criminals should be locked away for life.B. contestC. consentD. content11. D. deservesD. exclusive 14. The UN couldn't15. Eating too much fat can _________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. contribute toB. attribute toC. attend toD. devote to16. Why be ________ about that old coat? There's no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when youfirst met me.Purchasing the new production line will be a _________ deal for the company.A. profitableB. tremendousC. forcefulD. favorite Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior _______ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.A. involveB. composeC. encloseD. attach Believe it or not, 1 have done nothing wrong. At least I can face them with a clear __________ .A. lookB. conscienceC. mindD. face The whole path _______ electricity travels is known as a circuit.A. along thatB. asC. along whichD. in thatShe's tired of changing her jobs frequently, so she hopes to find a(n) ___________ one.A. lastingB. eternalC. persistentD. permanent22. True friendship must be based on _________ the joys as well as troubles.A, participating B. sharing C. owing D. possessing23. "Marquis," said the boy, ________ to the man, his eyes _________ wide, and his right hand raised.A. turned ... openB. turning ... openingC. turning ... openedD. turned ... opening24. It is universally believed that an autobiography is often less _________ than a biography.A. truthfulB. trueC. reliableD. honest25. Listening to Grandpa talk about his miserable life in the past is a truly __________ experience.A. financialB. religiousC. spiritualD. medical26. The child was ________ t o open the refrigerator door.A. barely tall enoughB. barely enough tallC. tall barely enoughD. enough barely tall27. The factory where my parents used to work was _________ from Shanghai to Xi'an in the early 1960,s.A. transportedB. transplantedC. transmittedD.translated28. You will need some time to orient yourself ________ the new way of teaching and learning here.A. withB. inC. ofD. to29. The successful series was first co-hosted by Buck Owens and Roy Clark, and later on they appeared only occasionally, _______ for various guest hosts.A. having made roomB. have made roomC. making roomsD. having made a room30. The ________ of understanding is for two ends: first, our own increase of knowledge; secondly, to enable us to deliver that knowledge to others.A. riseB. reasonC. improvementD. declinePart II Cloze (15 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Iridology (虹膜学)is a form of alternative medicine that involves close examination of the iris - the coloredpart of the eye ⼀ to show an individual's (31) _________ . The advantage is that it offers a way (32) _____________ out what is wrong with body without (33) ________________ the body in any way, as for example, X-rays do. The disadvantage is that it cannot actually treat a disease. The iridologist simply offers a program of preventative A. sensibleB. sensationalC. sentimentalD. sensitive 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.(34) ___________ ?Eye analysis (35) ____________an established method of discovering illness since the 17th century in Europe.But the science of iridology as (36) ____________ today began in the 19th century when the Hungarian doctor Ignatzvon Peezely (37) ____________ a black mark in the eye of an owl that had broken its leg to the same mark in a patient (38) ___________ his leg.The iris (39) ___________ to be the window to your health because it responds to changes in the nervoussystem. The left iris shows changes in the left side (40) ______________ , and the right iris shows (41) ____________ is happening in the right side.The fibers of the iris are thought (42) ____________ the conditions of the organs and tissues throughout the body. There are only three basic iris colors ⼀blue, brown and green - and any other color, such as orange or yellow, is thought to be caused by toxins in the body. Such toxins can be the cause of complaints about rheumatism (pain in the muscles and joints), arthritis (pain and (43) ____________ in the joints), ulcers (sores on the skin, mouth or internal organs) and skin problems. Rings around the eye rims, for example, indicate (44) ______________ .After diagnosis, an iridologist (45) ______________ a treatment program, which may include a change of diet, breathing exercises, massage, and herbal treatments.Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points, 1.5 for each)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneA Tourist Should Know How to Behave HimselfYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, write out some improper behavior on the part of some tourists.In the second part, air your view about the negative effect by such behavior and suggest ways to prevent it.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
四川大学2016年博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析
四川大学·2016年·博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析————————————————————————————————————————完形填空Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer，that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence，it 5，is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep，burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn，and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence？That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we ‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise，it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner，14 ，is running a small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs，they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience，our faithfulness，our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ，not merely how much of it there is. 18 ，they would hope to study a 19 question：Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？20 the results are inconclusive. 1. ［A］Suppose［B］Consider［C］Observe［D］Imagine 2. ［A］tended［B］feared［C］happened［D］threatened 3. ［A］thinner［B］stabler［C］lighter［D］dimmer 4. ［A］tendency［B］advantage［C］inclination［D］priority 5. ［A］insists on［B］sums up［C］turns out［D］puts forward 6. ［A］off ［B］behind［C］over［D］along 7. ［A］incredible［B］spontaneous［C］inevitable［D］gradual 8. ［A］fight［B］doubt［C］stop［D］think 9. ［A］invisible［B］limited［C］indefinite［D］different 10. ［A］upward［B］forward［C］afterward［D］backward 11. ［A］features［B］influences［C］results［D］costs 12. ［A］outside［B］on［C］by［D］across 13. ［A］deliver［B］carry［C］perform［D］apply 14. ［A］by chance［B］in contrast［C］as usual［D］for instance 15. ［A］if［B］unless［C］as［D］lest 16. ［A］moderate［B］overcome［C］determine［D］reach 17. ［A］at［B］for［C］after［D］with 18. ［A］Above all［B］After all［C］However［D］Otherwise 19. ［A］fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent［D］hostile 20. ［A］By accident［B］In time［C］So far［D］Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , ofcourse.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D. recognized her immediately.解析：B。
部分院校 考博英语作文题目汇总
部分院校2016年考博英语作文题目汇总1.中山大学 1.二胎政策2.人类最大的威胁就是自己2.上海交通大学无手机恐惧症3.南京师范大学竞争与合作4.清华大学日本挑衅和钓鱼岛问题5.华中科技大学to give in maybe means to win6.南开大学honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom诚信是智慧的第一章7.复旦大学How I wrote my first research paper你如何写成第一篇paper的8.中科院两种不同的方式表达爱/love can be expressed in different?9.北师大给篇文章让写出(250字的summary)文章大概讲的是英国历来都对老年退休人员群体待遇很差，以及基于此带来的诸多工作影响和人心惶惶。
10.武汉大学讨论电子书和纸质书11.华东师范大学版本一：入学考试该不该保留？版本二：有的人建议取消毕业考试，尤其是博士，有的人不赞成，你怎么看？版本二：International examination &PHD12.中国人民大学belt and road initiative（一带一路）？13.医学博士统考 1.General practitioners目前现状和解决方法。
2.讲的是全科医生的缺乏和对策14.江苏大学Happiness-go for it.15.中国矿业大学（北京）版本一：动物实验Animals Testing版本二：无人机（同学反馈可能有部分院系不一样）版本三：转基因产品对人类是否有益“is it morally acceptable to experiment on non-human animals?"16.福建医科大学健康医疗投资与其它重要事情的投资17.北京科技大学人文社会科学和自然科学优缺点18.郑州大学A卷.大：区围墙该不该变拆小：出国留学申请信B卷.大：考试作弊该不该处罚小：申请加入国外一导师的实验团队19.上海大学“广场舞”20.山东大学Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.（无知并不可怕,可怕的是无知而不自知）21.西南财政大学Yesterday is past, Tomorrow is Mystery22.北京大学申请考核2015.12.27号申请考核制的作文1、议论文：钱是否能买到幸福2、应用文：假如你是某书商，给某书店写一篇邮件，推荐一本书，并约定某个时间拜访他。
2016年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Google is not the only search utility in town, but it comes with such a(n) ______collection of tools to focus your search that it is the engine of choice for many of us.A．comparableB．formidableC．innumerableD．compatible正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词的语义。
A可比较的；B强大的；C无数的；D兼容的。
该句的大意为：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它强大的工具集合能够专注搜索，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。
2．The defect in David’s character has______him from advancement in his career.A．exemptedB．forbiddenC．underminedD．hindered正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的语义。
A免除；B禁止；C破坏；D阻碍。
该句的大意为：大卫性格上的缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。
3．The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a (n) ______.A．allusionB．seclusionC．illusionD．confusion正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的语义。
2016年浙江工商大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年浙江工商大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Visitors to India are often surprised to find that Taj Mahal is an almost ______ topic of conversation.A．unexhaustedB．inexhaustibleC．inexhaustiveD．inexhausting正确答案：B解析：本题考查同根词的派生含义辨析。
unexhaused“取之不尽”，inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”，鲜有inexhaustive和inexhausting的用法。
题干旨在描述泰姬陵在印度永远都是个话题，所以选择B最恰当。
2．English Test in Doctorial entrance examination is designed to observe the examinees’ English ______in reading, writing, and translating.A．proficiencyB．persistencyC．consistencyD．sufficiency正确答案：A解析：本题考查形近词辨析。
proficiency“专业度”，persistency“坚持性”，consistency“一致性”，sufficiency“充分性”。
根据题干含义，填入proficiency 是正确的。
3．Mr. Taylor felt very______at the suggestion that he had stolen the car.A．impatientB．indigenousC．intolerantD．indignant正确答案：D解析：本题考查形近词辨析。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all th e legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examination Key: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethal Key: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC. varietyD. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC. jealousyD. indignation Key: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stake Key: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociously Key: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotionKey: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessible to D. susceptible toKey: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determination Key: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is saidKey: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if anyKey: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C. insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage,is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker”in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that__________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考参考答案
注意：本答案非华慧考博官网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《华慧医学考博英语一本通》2016医博英语考试听力部分答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.2016医学考博英语Vocabulary参考答案Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Ko ng at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ asa result of bed shortages.”A. facilita ted B. forfeited C. fulfilled D. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: C2016医学考博英语阅读参考答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there ex ists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefitsfromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing全国医学考博英语作文讲的是全科医生的缺乏和对策首先讲医疗发展了，人们对医疗的需求加大，但是全科医生缺乏。
(完整)考博英语作文范文
(完整)考博英语作文范文2015 英语作文范文2015一、考博英语作文题目：Do Modern People Become Lonelier?考博英语作文范文：Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence。
This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie。
If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds. One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before. Personally,I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信.我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。
电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。
”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。
博士入学英语作文题目大全
博士入学英语作文题目大全Title: Comprehensive Guide to Doctoral AdmissionEnglish Essay Topics。
1. Introduction to Doctoral Admission English Essay Topics:Doctoral admission essays serve as crucial components in the application process for aspiring scholars. These essays provide candidates with the opportunity to showcase their academic achievements, research interests, and personal attributes to the admissions committee. Here, we present a comprehensive guide to various English essay topics that are commonly encountered in doctoral admission applications.2. Research Experience and Interests:a. Describe your research experience and its significance in shaping your academic journey.b. Discuss your current research interests and how they align with the faculty expertise at the institution.c. Elaborate on any publications, presentations, or projects that demonstrate your research capabilities and potential contributions to your field.3. Academic Achievements and Scholarly Contributions:a. Reflect on your academic achievements, including academic awards, scholarships, and honors.b. Highlight any contributions you have made to your academic community through teaching, mentoring, or collaborative research.c. Discuss how your academic background has prepared you for doctoral study and your future career goals in academia or industry.4. Statement of Purpose and Career Aspirations:a. Articulate your reasons for pursuing a doctoral degree in your chosen field and how it fits into your long-term career aspirations.b. Describe the specific research questions or problems you aim to address through your doctoral studies.c. Explain how obtaining a doctoral degree will enhance your skills, knowledge, and professional growth.5. Personal Background and Diversity:a. Share insights into your personal background, upbringing, and any significant life experiences that have shaped your perspective and aspirations.b. Discuss how your unique background, perspectives, or identities contribute to diversity and inclusivitywithin the academic community.c. Reflect on any challenges or obstacles you haveovercome and how they have strengthened your resilience and determination.6. Collaboration and Interdisciplinary Engagement:a. Describe your experience collaborating with colleagues from diverse disciplines or cultural backgrounds.b. Discuss the importance of interdisciplinary engagement in addressing complex research questions or societal challenges.c. Illustrate how you plan to leverage interdisciplinary perspectives and methodologies in your doctoral research.7. Future Research Directions and Impact:a. Outline your envisioned research agenda beyondthe doctoral program and the potential impact of your research on your field and society.b. Discuss how you plan to disseminate your research findings through publications, presentations, and engagement with broader audiences.c. Reflect on the ethical considerations and social responsibility inherent in conducting research and disseminating knowledge.8. Conclusion:Crafting a compelling doctoral admission essay requires thoughtful reflection, clarity of expression, and alignment with the values and mission of the institution. By addressing these diverse essay topics, candidates can present a comprehensive and compelling case for their admission to doctoral programs. Each essay topic offers candidates the opportunity to showcase their academic achievements, research potential, personal attributes, and aspirations, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in the doctoral admission process.。
度米作文汇编之2016年考博英语作文通用模板解决问题类
度米作文汇编之2016年考博英语作文通用模板：解决问题类考博英语作文通用模板：解决问题类此类作文主要是针对某个问题或现象做出解释并说明原因，最后提出相应的解决方案。
模板1the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. its results may be ______________________. it will also bring the changes to our society such as____________________.when we think about it, we find three constructive solutions. first, ____________________. second,______________________________. and finally,__________________________. then we will find______________________________.模板2it is reported that we arefacing__________________________.there are two basic sources of these problems. one is man-made, for example, ____________________. the other is a natural catastrophe.______________________________.then how should we _____________________________? one method is ____________________. or perhaps_____________________is a better way to ________________. in addition, __________________________________________. only in these ways can we embrace a brighter future.模板3no doubt, everyone wishes to __________________________. when we discuss this, some fundamental principles should be brought in mind.the first key factor to solve this problem is_________________________. __________is another key factor __________________________. but the two methods may bring us some side effects, for example, _____________________. of course, the most effective way to solve the problem is that____________________________. but the conditions are not yet met.all in all, the solutions may not bring the perfect result, but as long as we do it with our brains and hands, we will one day solve it.模板4more and more attention has been focused on the problem of ____________________________.it brings not only ____________________, but also_______________________. but the most serious result of the problem is _____________________. if the problem is not settled down, _________________________________.the suggestion we can make to the problem is_____________________________. in that case,__________________________________.【新东方网校推荐：】。
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部分院校2016年考博英语作文题目汇总
1.中山大学 1.二胎政策
2.人类最大的威胁就是自己
2.上海交通大学无手机恐惧症
3.南京师范大学竞争与合作
4.清华大学日本挑衅和钓鱼岛问题
5.华中科技大学to give in maybe means to win
6.南开大学honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom诚信是智慧的第一章
7.复旦大学How I wrote my first research paper你如何写成第一篇paper的
8.中科院两种不同的方式表达爱/love can be expressed in different?
9.北师大给篇文章让写出(250字的summary)文章大概讲的是英国历来都对老年退休人员群体待遇很差，以及基于此带来的诸多工作影响和人心惶惶。
10.武汉大学讨论电子书和纸质书
11.华东师范大学版本一：入学考试该不该保留？版本二：有的人建议取消毕业考试，尤其是博士，有的人不赞成，你怎么看？版本二：International examination &PHD
12.中国人民大学belt and road initiative（一带一路）？
13.医学博士统考 1.General practitioners目前现状和解决方法。
2.讲的是全科医生的缺乏和对策
14.江苏大学Happiness-go for it.
15.中国矿业大学（北京）版本一：动物实验Animals Testing版本二：无人机（同学反馈可能有部分院系不一样）版本三：转基因产品对人类是否有益“is it morally acceptable to experiment on non-human animals?"
16.福建医科大学健康医疗投资与其它重要事情的投资
17.北京科技大学人文社会科学和自然科学优缺点
18.郑州大学A卷.大：区围墙该不该变拆小：出国留学申请信B卷.大：考试作弊该不该处罚小：申请加入国外一导师的实验团队
19.上海大学“广场舞”
20.山东大学Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.（无知并不可怕,可怕的是无知而不自知）
21.西南财政大学Yesterday is past, Tomorrow is Mystery
22.北京大学申请考核2015.12.27号申请考核制的作文1、议论文：钱是否能买到幸福2、应用文：假如你是某书商，给某书店写一篇邮件，推荐一本书，并约定某个时间拜访他。
3、根据一篇英文文章，写大概300字的中文主旨
23.对外经贸私立大学利与弊
24.山东师范大学网络的隐私与安全
25.浙江工商大学the best gain is lose
26.公安大学大学生是选择就业还是继续读研好
27.云南大学二选一，其中一个是李克强总理在政府工作报告中提到的“the sprit of the craftsman”
28.中国传媒大学“Made in China and Internet plus”自命题,还提到两会
29.中央学校骨干计划Take a risk or carefully planning
30.南京大学I eagerly want to know。
31.苏州大学针对the only purpose of education is to earn a living这一观点发表自己的看法
不少于400字。
32.南昌大学犯罪（中国犯罪问题）How to prevent crimes
33.四川大学 a.私家车剧增与城市道路拥挤两难。
b.家庭汽车的增多会导致道路的拥堵，但另一方面这却是汽车厂发展的必须，请讲一下看法提出解决对策.
34.东北师范大学二孩儿政策的优缺点
35.中南大学learning and studying as i see it（300words）先是说学习和研究之路充满坎坷，然后引用了王国维读书的三种境界来作的介绍。
王国维在《人间词话》说：“古今之成大事业、大学问者，必经过三种之境界：‘昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路’。
此第一境也。
‘衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。
’此第二境也。
‘众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处’。
此第三境也。
”然后叫根据这个说说你的看法。
36.上海师范大学1棍棒底下出孝子2对孩子的教育方式3.你的看法
37.吉林大学专项计划吉林大学英语作文题是“如何看待和解决娱乐明星吸毒的现象”how to deal with celebrities taken drugs
38.中央党校版本一：是否应该提供更多的体育设施？版本二：有人认为增加健身设备能加强公众锻炼，有人认为不是，你的观点
39.扬州大学一孩二孩优劣的评论
40华南理工孝道
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discovery by accident。
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