国际结算名词英文解释

国际结算名词解释

国际结算(International settlement):是指两个处于不同国家的当事人，（因为商品买卖、服务供应、资金调拨、国际借贷）通过银行进行的货币收付业务。

汇票(Bill of Exchange):是由一人向另一人签发的书面的无条件的命令，要求其立即、或定期，或在将来可以确定的时间，把一定金额的货币支付给一个特定的人，或他的指定人，或来人。

本票(Promissory Note):是一项书面的无条件的支付承诺，由一人做成，并交给另一人，经制票人签名承诺即期或定期或在可以确定的将来时间，支付一定数目的金钱给一个特定的人或其指定人或来人。

支票(Cheque):是一种以银行为付款人的即期汇票。

汇款(Remittance):由汇款人委托给银行，将款项汇交给收款人的一种结算方式，是一种顺汇方式。

托收(Collection):是委托收款的简称。

卖方在装船后根据贸易合同的规定，委托当地银行通过买方所在地银行向买方收取货款的行为。

信用证(Letter of Credit):是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件。

商业发票(COMMERCIAL INVOICE):是出口商向进口商开立的发货价目清单，记载有货物名称、数量、价格等内容，是卖方向买方计收货款的依据。

海运提单(Marine/Ocean Bills of Lading):是要求港至港（Port to Port)的运输单据。

是由承运人或其代理人根据海运合同签发给托运人的证明文件，表明货物已经装上指定船只或已经收妥待运，约定将货物运往载明的目的地，交给收货人或提单持有人。

保险单(INSURANCE policy):是保险公司对被保险人的承保证明，又是双方之间权利义务的契约，在被保险货物遭受损失时，它是被保险人索赔的主要依据，也是保险公司理赔的主要依据。

分行(Branch Bank):到国外开设自己的分支机构。

国外分行是其总行在东道国经营常规银行业务的合法经营机构。

国际结算英文术语

国际结算(International settlement）贸易（Trade Settlement）非贸易(Non-Trade Settlement)EDI（Electronic Data Intercharge）电子数据交换，控制文件(Control Documents）有权签字人的印鉴（Specimen Signatures）密押（Test Key)费率表（Terms and Condition）货物单据化，履约证书化，( cargo documentation ，guarantee certification)权利单据（document of title）流通转让性（Negotiability）让与(Assignment）转让（Transfer）流通转让（Negotiation)汇票的定义是：A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another，signed by the person giving it，requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to the order or specified person or to bearer。

“汇票” （bill of exchange，exchange或draft）无条件支付命令（unconditional order to pay）出票条款（drawn clause)利息条款(with interest）分期付款(by stated instalment)支付等值其它货币（pay the other currency according to an indicated rate of exchange)付款人(payer)受票人(drawee）付款期限（time of payment）或（tenor）即期（at sight, on demand, on presentation）付款.远期（at a determinable future time ，time/ usance / term bill）付款。

国际结算名词

国际结算（international settlement）是指为了清偿国际债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而发生在不用国家之间的货币收付活动。

汇出行（Remitting Bank）是受汇款人委托而汇出款项的银行。

汇入行（Paying Bank）也称解付行，是接收汇出行委托并将款项支付给收款人的银行收款人（Payee）是汇出款的最终接受者。

电汇（Telegraphic Transfer, T/T）是汇出行应汇款人的申请，通过加押电报或电传的方式指示汇入行解付一定款项给收款人的方式。

信汇（mail transfer，M/T）是指汇出行应汇款人的申请，通过信函指示汇入行解付一定款项给收款人的方式。

票汇（Demand Draft，D/D）是汇出行应汇款人的申请，开立以汇入行为付款人的银行汇票，交汇款人由其自行携带出国或寄给收款人凭票取款的汇款方式。

汇款（remittance）是指银行接受客户的委托，通过其自身建立的通汇网络，委托国外联行或代理行将客户的款项交付给收款人的一种结算方式。

托收（collection）指银行根据手袋的指示（托收指示）处理金融单据和/或商业票据，以便取得付款和/或承兑；凭付款和/或承兑交单；按照其他条款和条件交单的一种结算方式。

信用证（letter of credit，L/C）是银行开立的有条件的承担第一性付款责任的书面文件。

具体来说，它是银行（开证行）根据进口方（开证申请人）的要求和指示，向出口方（受益人）开立的，在一定期限内凭符合信用证款规定的单据，即期或在可以确定的将来的日期，对出口方支付一定金额的书面保证文件。

付款交单（Documents against Payment， D/P）是指委托人指示代收行在付款人付清款项后将单据交出。

即付款人“付款在先，取单在后”，付款是取单的先决条件。

承兑交单(documents against acceptance,D/A)买方对卖方开具的见票后当天付款的跟单汇票，于提示时应即承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款。

参考资料国际结算相关术语中英文对照与中文名词解释

参考资料：《国际结算》相关术语中英文对照国际结算 International Settlement有形贸易 Visible Trade无形贸易 Invisible Trade洗钱 Money Laundering支付协定 Payment Agreement国际结算制度 System of International Settlement支付系统 Payment System代表处 Representative Office代理处 Agency Office海外分、支行（境外联行） Overseas Sister Bank/Branch,Subbranch 代理银行 Correspondent Banks附属银行（子银行） Subsidiary Banks联营银行 Affiliated Banks银团银行 Consortium Bank票据 Instrument设权性 Right to Be Paid无因性 Non causative Nature要式性 Requisite in Form流通性 Negotiability可追索性 Recoursement基本当事人 Immediate Parties附属当事人 Remote Parties出票人 Drawer付款人 Payer，Drawee收款人 Payee背书人 Endorser被背书人 Endorsee持票人 Holder承兑人 Acceptor保证人 Guarantor汇票 Bill of Exchange限制性抬头 Restrictive Order指示性抬头 Demonstrative Order持票来人抬头 Payable to Bearer出票日期 Date of Issue出票人签字 Signature of the Drawer出票地点 Place of Payment付款地点 Place of Payment付款日期 Tenor见票即付 At Sight or on Demand定日付款 At a Fixed Date见票后定期付款 At a Fixed Period after Sight出票后定期付款 At a Fixed Period after Date付一不付二 Pay This First/Second Bill担当付款人 Person Designated as payer预备付款人 Referee in Case of Need必须提示承兑 Presentment for Acceptance Required 不得提示承兑 Acceptance Prohibited付对价持票人 Holder for Value正当持票人Holder in Due Course/Bona Fide Holder 银行汇票 Banker’s Draft商业汇票 Trade Bill承兑汇票Acceptance Bill银行承兑汇票 Banker’s Acceptance Bill商业承兑汇票 Trade’s Acceptance Bill即期汇票 Sight Draft ,Demand Draft远期汇票 Time Bill, Usance Bill光票 Clean Bill跟单汇票 Documentary Bill本票 Promissory Note商业本票Promissory Note银行本票 Cashier’s Order/Check国际汇票 Overseas Money Order支票 Cheque or Check出票 Issue背书 Indorsement承兑 Acceptance保证 Guarantee保付 Certified to Pay提示 Presentation付款 Payment拒付 Dishonour追索 Recourse顺汇 Remittance逆汇 Reverse Remittance汇款人 Remitter汇出行 Remitting Bank汇入行 Paying Bank收款人 Payee电汇 Telegraphic Transfer信汇 Mail Transfer票汇 Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft预付货款 Payment in Advance货到付款 Payment after Arrival of the Goods托收 Collection委托人 Principal托收行 Remitting Bank代收行 Collecting Bank付款人 Drawee提示行 Presenting Bank托收申请书 Collection Application托收委托书 Collection Advice信用证 Letter of Credit议付行 Negotiating Bank偿付行 Reimbursing Bank开证申请人Applicant开证行 Issuing Bank受益人 Beneficiary通知行 Advising Bank保兑行 Confirming Bank付款行 Paying Bank光票信用证 Clean Credit跟单信用证 Document Credit不可撤销信用证Irrevocable Credit可撤销信用证 Revocable Credit保兑信用证 Confirmed Credit不保兑信用证 Unconfirmed Credit即期付款信用证 Sight Payment Credit延期付款信用证 Deferred Payment Credit承兑信用证 Acceptance Credit转让信用证 Transferable Credit不可转让信用证 Nor-transferable Credit背对背信用证 Back to Back Credit循环信用证 Revolving Credit预支信用证 Anticipatory Credit银行保函 Letter of Guarantee申请人 Applicant/Principal受益人 Beneficiary担保行 Guarantor Bank通知行 Advising Bank转开行 Reissuing Bank反担保行 Counter Guarantor Bank保兑行 Confirming Bank投标保函 Tender Gurantee履约保函 Performance Gurantee预付款保函 Advanced Payment Gurantee质量保函Quality Gurantee关税保付保函 Customs Gurantee付款保函 Payment Gurantee延期付款保行 Defeerd Payment Gurantee补偿贸易保函 Compensation Gurantee来料加工保函 Processing Gurantee租赁保函 Lease Gurantee借款保函 Loan Gurantee保释金保函 Bail Bond票据保付保函Gurantee For Bill费用保付保函 Payment Gurantee for Commission 备用信用证 Stand-by Letter of Credit单据 Documents商业发票 Commercail Invoice首文 Heading正文Body海关发票 Customs Invoice形式发票 Proforma Invoice领事发票 Consular Invoice样品发票 Sample Invoice广商发票 Manufacturer Invoice证实发票 Certified Invoice货物运输单据 Transport documents海运提单Marine Bill of Loading托运人 Shipper/Consignor承运人 Carrier收货人 Consignee受让人 Transferee or Assignee已装船提单 Shipped on Board待运提单 Received for Shipment直达提单Direct B/L转船提单 Transshipmen B/L联运提单 Through B/L清洁提单 Clean B/L不清洁提单 Unclean B/L记名提单 Straight B/L不记名提单 Open B/L指示性提单 Order B/L简式提单 Short Form B/L全式提单 Long Form B/L班轮提单 Liner B/L租船提单 Charter B/L运输代理行提单 Horse B/L过期提单 Stale B/L倒签提单Anti-dated B/L集装箱运输提单 Container B/L多式运输 Multimodal Transport多是运输单据Multimodal Transport Document不可流通转让的海运单 Non-negotiable Sea Waybill租船合约提单 Charter Party Bill of Lading航空运单 Airway Bill基本险 Chief Risk一般附加险 Additional Risk特殊附加险 Special Additional Risk保险单 Insurance Policy预约保险单Open Policy of Open Cover保险凭证 Insurance Certificate保险声明 Insurance Declaration联合凭证 Combined Certificate暂保单 Cover Note商品验证说明 Inspection Certificate产地证明书 Certificate of Origin包装单据 Packing Document装货箱 Packing List重量单 Weight List打包贷款 Packing Credit/Loan出口押汇 Outward Bill质押书 Letter of Hypothecation出口托收押汇 Advance against Documentary Collection 银行承兑 Bank’s Acceptance票据贴现 Bill Discount出口发票 Invoice Discounting进口开证额度 Limits for Issuing of Credit信托收据 Trust Receipt, T.R, T/R留置权书 Letter of Lien进口押汇 Inward Bills进口信用证押汇 Inward Bill Receivables买房远期信用证 Buyer’s Usance L/C提货担保 Delivery against Bank Guarantee国际保理 International Factoring销售分户账管理 Maintenance of The Sales Ledger债款回收 Collection from Debtors信用销售控制 Credit Control坏账担保 Full Protection Against Bad Debts贸易融资 Trade Financing福费廷 Forfaiting贴现率 Discount Rate承诺费 Commitment Fee利息补贴 Interest Make-up侨汇 Overseas Chinese Remittance外币兑换业务 Exchange of Foreign Currency旅行支票 Traveler’s Cheque信用卡 Credit Card万事达卡 Master Card维萨卡 VISA Card运通卡 American Express Card大莱卡 Diners Club Car国际贸易结算：以票据为基础，单据为条件，银行为中枢，结算与融资相结合的非现金结算体系。

(完整版)参考资料：《国际结算》相关术语中英文对照与中文名词解释

参考资料：《国际结算》相关术语中英文对照国际结算 International Settlement有形贸易 Visible Trade无形贸易 Invisible Trade洗钱 Money Laundering支付协定 Payment Agreement国际结算制度 System of International Settlement支付系统 Payment System代表处 Representative Office代理处 Agency Office海外分、支行（境外联行） Overseas Sister Bank/Branch,Subbranch 代理银行 Correspondent Banks附属银行（子银行） Subsidiary Banks联营银行 Affiliated Banks银团银行 Consortium Bank票据 Instrument设权性 Right to Be Paid无因性 Non causative Nature要式性 Requisite in Form流通性 Negotiability可追索性 Recoursement基本当事人 Immediate Parties附属当事人 Remote Parties出票人 Drawer付款人 Payer，Drawee收款人 Payee背书人 Endorser被背书人 Endorsee持票人 Holder承兑人 Acceptor保证人 Guarantor汇票 Bill of Exchange限制性抬头 Restrictive Order指示性抬头 Demonstrative Order持票来人抬头 Payable to Bearer出票日期 Date of Issue出票人签字 Signature of the Drawer出票地点 Place of Payment付款地点 Place of Payment付款日期 Tenor见票即付 At Sight or on Demand定日付款 At a Fixed Date见票后定期付款 At a Fixed Period after Sight出票后定期付款 At a Fixed Period after Date付一不付二 Pay This First/Second Bill担当付款人 Person Designated as payer预备付款人 Referee in Case of Need必须提示承兑 Presentment for Acceptance Required 不得提示承兑 Acceptance Prohibited付对价持票人 Holder for Value正当持票人Holder in Due Course/Bona Fide Holder 银行汇票 Banker’s Draft商业汇票 Trade Bill承兑汇票Acceptance Bill银行承兑汇票 Banker’s Acceptance Bill商业承兑汇票 Trade’s Acceptance Bill即期汇票 Sight Draft ,Demand Draft远期汇票 Time Bill, Usance Bill光票 Clean Bill跟单汇票 Documentary Bill本票 Promissory Note商业本票Promissory Note银行本票 Cashier’s Order/Check国际汇票 Overseas Money Order支票 Cheque or Check出票 Issue背书 Indorsement承兑 Acceptance保证 Guarantee保付 Certified to Pay提示 Presentation付款 Payment拒付 Dishonour追索 Recourse顺汇 Remittance逆汇 Reverse Remittance汇款人 Remitter汇出行 Remitting Bank汇入行 Paying Bank收款人 Payee电汇 Telegraphic Transfer信汇 Mail Transfer票汇 Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft预付货款 Payment in Advance货到付款 Payment after Arrival of the Goods托收 Collection委托人 Principal托收行 Remitting Bank代收行 Collecting Bank付款人 Drawee提示行 Presenting Bank托收申请书 Collection Application托收委托书 Collection Advice信用证 Letter of Credit议付行 Negotiating Bank偿付行 Reimbursing Bank开证申请人Applicant开证行 Issuing Bank受益人 Beneficiary通知行 Advising Bank保兑行 Confirming Bank付款行 Paying Bank光票信用证 Clean Credit跟单信用证 Document Credit不可撤销信用证Irrevocable Credit可撤销信用证 Revocable Credit保兑信用证 Confirmed Credit不保兑信用证 Unconfirmed Credit即期付款信用证 Sight Payment Credit延期付款信用证 Deferred Payment Credit承兑信用证 Acceptance Credit转让信用证 Transferable Credit不可转让信用证 Nor-transferable Credit背对背信用证 Back to Back Credit循环信用证 Revolving Credit预支信用证 Anticipatory Credit银行保函 Letter of Guarantee申请人 Applicant/Principal受益人 Beneficiary担保行 Guarantor Bank通知行 Advising Bank转开行 Reissuing Bank反担保行 Counter Guarantor Bank保兑行 Confirming Bank投标保函 Tender Gurantee履约保函 Performance Gurantee预付款保函 Advanced Payment Gurantee质量保函Quality Gurantee关税保付保函 Customs Gurantee付款保函 Payment Gurantee延期付款保行 Defeerd Payment Gurantee补偿贸易保函 Compensation Gurantee来料加工保函 Processing Gurantee租赁保函 Lease Gurantee借款保函 Loan Gurantee保释金保函 Bail Bond票据保付保函Gurantee For Bill费用保付保函 Payment Gurantee for Commission 备用信用证 Stand-by Letter of Credit单据 Documents商业发票 Commercail Invoice首文 Heading正文Body海关发票 Customs Invoice形式发票 Proforma Invoice领事发票 Consular Invoice样品发票 Sample Invoice广商发票 Manufacturer Invoice证实发票 Certified Invoice货物运输单据 Transport documents海运提单Marine Bill of Loading托运人 Shipper/Consignor承运人 Carrier收货人 Consignee受让人 Transferee or Assignee已装船提单 Shipped on Board待运提单 Received for Shipment直达提单Direct B/L转船提单 Transshipmen B/L联运提单 Through B/L清洁提单 Clean B/L不清洁提单 Unclean B/L记名提单 Straight B/L不记名提单 Open B/L指示性提单 Order B/L简式提单 Short Form B/L全式提单 Long Form B/L班轮提单 Liner B/L租船提单 Charter B/L运输代理行提单 Horse B/L过期提单 Stale B/L倒签提单Anti-dated B/L集装箱运输提单 Container B/L多式运输 Multimodal Transport多是运输单据Multimodal Transport Document不可流通转让的海运单 Non-negotiable Sea Waybill租船合约提单 Charter Party Bill of Lading航空运单 Airway Bill基本险 Chief Risk一般附加险 Additional Risk特殊附加险 Special Additional Risk保险单 Insurance Policy预约保险单Open Policy of Open Cover保险凭证 Insurance Certificate保险声明 Insurance Declaration联合凭证 Combined Certificate暂保单 Cover Note商品验证说明 Inspection Certificate产地证明书 Certificate of Origin包装单据 Packing Document装货箱 Packing List重量单 Weight List打包贷款 Packing Credit/Loan出口押汇 Outward Bill质押书 Letter of Hypothecation出口托收押汇 Advance against Documentary Collection 银行承兑 Bank’s Acceptance票据贴现 Bill Discount出口发票 Invoice Discounting进口开证额度 Limits for Issuing of Credit信托收据 Trust Receipt, T.R, T/R留置权书 Letter of Lien进口押汇 Inward Bills进口信用证押汇 Inward Bill Receivables买房远期信用证 Buyer’s Usance L/C提货担保 Delivery against Bank Guarantee国际保理 International Factoring销售分户账管理 Maintenance of The Sales Ledger债款回收 Collection from Debtors信用销售控制 Credit Control坏账担保 Full Protection Against Bad Debts贸易融资 Trade Financing福费廷 Forfaiting贴现率 Discount Rate承诺费 Commitment Fee利息补贴 Interest Make-up侨汇 Overseas Chinese Remittance外币兑换业务 Exchange of Foreign Currency旅行支票 Traveler’s Cheque信用卡 Credit Card万事达卡 Master Card维萨卡 VISA Card运通卡 American Express Card大莱卡 Diners Club Car国际贸易结算：以票据为基础，单据为条件，银行为中枢，结算与融资相结合的非现金结算体系。

(完整版)国际结算名词解释

1、Bill of exchange(汇票): an unconditional order in writing addressed by one person toanother, signed by the drawer, requiring the drawee to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to ,or to the order of ,a specified person or to bearer.2、Sight bill（demand bill, or sight draft即期汇票）：is payable at sight, on demand, or onpresentation.3、Usance bill (time draft , or term draft 远期汇票)：is payable at a fixed or determinablefuture time.4、promissory note(本票): an unconditional promise in writing made by one person toanother, signed by the maker,engaging to pay,on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.5、Trader’s note(商业本票): The maker is a trader, say, an individual or an enterprise.6、Banker’s note（银行本票）：It is made by a bank, usually on demand.7、Check(支票)：an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiringthe drawee bank to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or the order of a specified person or the bearer.8、Crossed check（划线支票）: It means the check bearing two parallel lines on the face. It mustbe paid into a bank account and cannot be cashed over the counter.9、Uncrossed check(open check 非划线支票)：Those bearing no crossing on the face are calleduncrossed checks.10、Certified check（保兑支票）：It is a check that is certified by the drawee bank. Once it is certified, all other obligors on the check will be discharged of the liability of payment.11、Collection(托收)：an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller on the buyer, and / or shipping documents are forwarded to the seller’s bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent bank located in the domicile of the buyer.12、Clean collection(光票托收)：a collection on financial documents without being accompanied commercial documents such as invoices, bill of lading, insurance policy, etc.13、Documentary collection(跟单托收)：a collection on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or collection on commercial documents without being accompanied by financial documents.14、Factoring（保理）：A factoring contract means a contract pursuant （依照）to which a supplier （供应商）may or will assign accounts receivable （应付账款）to a facto r for ledgering receivables（计应收款分类账）, collecting proceeds and / or protecting against bad debts. 15、Forfeiting（票据包买业务）：is the business of discounting medium-term and long-term promissory note or drafts without recourse related to an international trade transaction. The promissory notes or drafts are accepted by the importer and guaranteed b y an importer’s bank ensuring the holder that the importer will pay it at maturity.16、Letter of credit（信用证）: is a letter written by a bank to the beneficiary, informing the beneficiary that the bank will pay a sum certain in money to the beneficiary if the beneficiary provides the bank with certain described documents within a prescribed time period.17、Acceptance credit(承兑信用证)：the acceptance credit is one that indicates a bank which is called accepting bank, be it the issuing bank or another nominated bank, to accept and pay the face value of draft drawn on this bank at maturity.中心汇票汇款（票汇的一种）寄售consignment 预付payment in advance 赊销open account跟单托收documentary collection 备用信用证standby letters of credit代理行correspondent bank 控制文件control documents费率表schedule of terms and condition 密押telegraphic test keysSwift 核实押swift authentic key 签字样本specimen of authorized signatures我账（往账）Nostro account 你账（来账）vostro account对价持票人Holder for value 正当持票人，善意持票人holder in due course 退票通知Notice of Dishonor 拒绝证书protest （由notary public开立）追索权Right of recourse 远期本票（见票后定期付需要“签见”) 光票托收clean collection买单Bill purchased 托收贷款advance against collections信托收据trust receipt 进口押汇import bill advance担保放货Release of goods against guarantee 偿付行reimbursement bank索偿行claiming bank 光票信用证clean credit跟单信用证documentary credit 保兑信用证confirmed credit不保兑信用证Unconfirmed credit 即期信用证sight credit延期信用证deferred credit 承兑信用证acceptance credit （包含seller's usance credit和buyer’s usance credit)议付信用证Negotiation credit(自由议付信用证free negotiation credit和限制议付信用证restricted negotiation credit) 预支信用证anticipatory credit可装让信用证transferable credit 背对背信用证Back to back credit对开信用证reciprocal credit 循环信用证revolving credit海运提单marine bills of lading 承运人carrier托运人shipper/consignor 收货人consignee被通知人notify party 已装船提单shipped on board bill of lading备运提单received for shipment B/L 清洁提单clean B/L不清洁提单Unclean B/L 直达提单direct B/L转船提单transshipment B/L 联运提单through B/L记名提单named consignee B/L 指示提单order B/L全式提单long form B/L 简式提单short form B/L班轮提单liner B/L 租船提单charter party B/L集装箱提单container B/L 甲板提单on deck B/L空运单airway bill 铁路运单railway bill多式联运单据Multimodal transport document 保险单insurance policy保险凭证insurance certificate 暂保单cover note 预约保单open account原产地证明certificate of origin 产品检验证书inspection certificate装箱单和重量单packing list and weight list 打包贷款packing loan出口汇押/信用证项下议付negotiation under L/C 汇票贴现bill account投标包含tender guarantee/bill bond 履约保函performance guarantee还贷保函repayment guarantee 预付款保函advance payment guarantee透支保函overdraft guarantee 维修保单maintenance guarantee保函letter of guarantee 国际保理international factoring快邮收据courier receipt。

国际结算名词解释

International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for those produced in another country.Trade terms are also called"price terms"or “delivery terms”. Incoterms are sets of uniform rules codifying the interpretation of trade terms defining the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller in international transactions.Open account an arrangement between the buyer and seller whereby the goods are manufactured and delivered before payment is required. It provides for payme nt at some stated specific future date and without the buyer issuing any negotiable instrument evidencing his legal commitment.Advance payment the buyer places the fund at the disposal of the seller prior to shipment of the goods or provision of services. It is expensive and contains a degree of risk.Sales contract is a written agreement that clearly states the right and responsibilities of both parties to a transaction.Correspondent relationship The so-called correspondent bank may be defined as “a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank. International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts, debts, claims, etc.,emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them.Visible trade the main weight of international money transfer is importing/exporting of commodities and goods between the buyers and the sellers. Nostro account is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements. Vostro account is an account (due to account) held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank. it covers foreign exchange market transactions,govermenta supported export credits,syndicated loans,international bond issues ,etc.A negotiable instrument is a chose in action, the full and legal title to which is transferable by delivery of the instrument (possibly with the transferor’s endorsement) with the result that complete ownership of the instrument and all the property it represents passes freely from equities to the transferee, providing the latter takes the instrument in good faith and for value.Bill of exchange it is an unconditional order in writing,addressed by one person (the drawer) to another(the drawee),signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand ,or at a fixed or determinable future time,a sum certain in money,to or to the order of a specified person,or to bearer.Direct bill:It is a bill on which the place of acceptance is the same one as the place of payment.Indirect bill:It is a bill on which the place of acceptance is not the same one as the place of payment.Inland bill/domestic bill:It is a bill drawn and payable in the same country.Foreign bill:It is a bill drawn and payable in another country.A crossing is in effect an instruction to the paying bank from the drawer or holder to pay the fund to a bank only. Hence, such checks will not be paid over the counter ofthe paying bank and must be presented for payment by a collecting bank.A check is an unconditional order in writing addressed by the customer(drawer) to a bank(drawee) signed by that customer authorizing the bank to pay on demand a specified sum of money to or to the order of a named person or to bearer.A documentary bill is a bill with shipping documents attached thereto. International remittance happpens when a client asks his bank to send a sum of money to a beneficiary abroad by one of the transfer methods at his option. The beneficiary can be paid at the designated bank,which is either the reimitting bank's overseas branch or its correspondent.The remittance means that the debtor (importer) authorizes a bank to pay the payments of goods to the creditor (exporter),the direction of the funds flowing is the same as that of the payment instruments transmitted.Reverse remittance is also referred to as to draw a Draft(Bill) or Reverse Exchange or Negotiation by Draft.It means that the direction of the funds flowing is different to that of payment instruments transmitted.The case of need is the representative appointed by the principal to act as case of need in the event of non-acceptance and / or non-payment, whose power should be clearly and fully stated in the collection.Collection is an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller on the buyer,and/or shipping documents are forwarded to the seller's bank which clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent bank located in the domicile of the buyer.Direct collection is an arrangement whereby the seller obtains his bank’s pre-numbered direct collection letter, thus enabling him to send his documents directly to his bank’s correspondent bank for collection. This kind of collection accelerates the paperwork process.Clean collections are collections on financial instruments without being accompanied by commercial documents, such as invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy, etc. Documentary collections may be described as collections on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or collections on commercial documents without being accompanied by financial instruments, that is, commercial documents without a bill of exchange.Outward collection or payable overseas is a collection business in which a bank acting as a remitting bank sends collection items to a collecting bank to get payments from the drawees.Inward collection or payable domestic is a collection business in which a bank acting as a collecting bank presents the collection items received from a remitting bank to the drawees,collects payments from them and remits the proceeds to the remitting bank.Bill purchased Financing by banks for exporters under documentary collection methods takes the form of collection bill purchased. Collection bill purchased means that the remitting bank purchases the documentary bill drawn by the exporter on the importer.Import bill advance means the collecting bank uses the documents especially thetitle document as a pledge to effect payment to the exporter for the importer before the importer actually pays. It usually involves great risks for banks ,and is generally used under D/P term.The documentary letter of credit is an undertaking issued by a bank for the account of the buyer(the applicant) or for its own account, or to pay the beneficiary the value of the draft and / or documents provided that the terms and conditions of the documentary credit are complied with.Confirmed credit A credit that carries the commitment to pay by both the issuing bank and the advising bank.It is advising to the beneficiary with another bank’s confirmation added thereto.It constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank,in addition to that of the issuing bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the conditions of the documentary credit are complied with ,to pay ,to accept draft(s)or to negotiateSilent confirmation represents an agreement between a bank and the beneficiary for that bank to “add its confirmation”to the documentary credit despite not being so authorized by the issuing bank.In this case the beneficiary and the advising bank make an independent agreement that adds the bank’s confirmation to the credit for a fee.、Sight credit A letter of credit calling for payment upon the presentation of the documents either with or without a sight draft.Usance credit If a letter of credit specifies that drafts are to be drawn at any length of time, such as 60 days, 90 days or 180 days, after sight, it is called a time or usance credit. Under such a credit, the issuing bank engages that the drafts drawn in conformity with the terms of the credit will be duly accepted on presentation and duly honored at maturity.Revolving credit One by which, under the terms and conditions thereof, the amount is renewed or reinstated without specific amendments to the documentary credit being required.Export bill purchase means the negotiating bank, on the demand of the exporter, provides the in-transit financing to him using the documents presented as a collateral after shipping the contracted goods.The bank can be seen as purchasing the complying documents provided by the beneficiary and hence financing the exporter to get the necessary funds. EXport bill purchase is the most widely used short-term export financing method.Factoring is a form of trade financing that allows sellers to sell their products to overseas buyers essentially on an open account basis.Forfeiting is the term generally used to denote the purchase of obligation falling due at some future date,arising deliveries of goods services----mostly export transaction ---without recourse to any previous holder of the obligation.A bank guarantee is used as an instrument for securing performance or payment especially in international business.a bank guarantee is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer,undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principal.A direct guarantee occurs when the client authorizes the bank to issue a guarantee directly to the beneficiary, as the following figure shows.An indirect guarantee is a guarantee where a second bank is involved. This bank will be requested by the initiating bank to issue a guarantee in return for the risk of a loss which could result from the beneficiary submitting a claim under the foreign bank’s guarantee. The initiating bank must formally pledge to pay the amount claimed by the beneficiary under the guarantee upon demand by the guarantee bank.A performance guarantee (bond)is an undertaking given by a bank (the principal) to a buyer or an employer (the beneficiary), where by the guarantor undertakes to make payment to the beneficiary within the limit of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the supplier or the contractor in due performance of the terms of a contract between the principal and the beneficiary.Bid bond is an undertaking given by a bank at the request of a tender in favor of a party inviting tenders abroad, whereby the guarantor undertakes to make payment to the beneficiary within the limit of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principal in the obligations resulting from the submission of tender.The standby credit is a documentary credit or similar arrangement, however named or described, which represents an obligation to the beneficiary on the part of the issuing bank to: (1) repay money borrowed by the applicant, or advanced to or for the account of the applicant；(2) make payment on account of any indebtedness undertaken by the applicant; (3) make payment on account of any default by the applicant in the performance of an obligation.A payment system is the means whereby cash value is transferred between a payer’s bank account and a payee’s account. It includes:1) policies and procedures, including rules for crediting and debiting balance;2) a medium for storing and transmitting payment information;3) financial intermediaries for organizing information flow, carrying out value transfer instructions, and generally administering payment activities.Difference between a promissory note and a bill of exchange(1) A promissory note is a promise to pay, whereas a bill of exchange is an order to pay;(2) There are only two parties to a promissory note, namely the maker and the payee(or the holder in the case of a bearer note),whereas there are three parties to a bill of exchange, namely the drawer, the drawee and the payee.(3) The maker is primarily liable on a promissory note, whereas the drawer is primarily liable, if it is a sight bill, and the acceptor becomes primarily liable, if it is a time bill.(4) When issued, a promissory note has an original note only, whereas a bill of exchange may be either a sole bill or a bill in a set, i.e. a bill drawn with second of exchange and third of exchange in addition to the original one.Risk Protection and Financing Under Collection Methods1 Risks for exporter (1) Non-acceptance of merchandise(2) Non-payment of trade acceptance (3)Possession of goods(4) Exchange restrictionsmeasures against risks ①The exporter should always make sure that the overseas importer is of good reputation and of good financial standing;②The exporter should take into account the economic and political conditions in the importing country;③The exporter should also pay attention to the foreign exchange regulations in the importing country;④The exporter should take precautions, such as by hedging operations or by immediate settlement of the accounts denominated in a foreign currency.2 Risks of importer(1) Payment may have to be made prior to the arrival of the goods. No opportunity is then available to inspect the goods before making payment;(2) By accepting a bill of exchange under the documents against acceptance collection, the importer will have another legal liability on the bill of exchange besides his liability on the sales contract;(3) In some countries, if a bill of exchange is protested, this can ruin the reputation of a trader and may be considered an act of bankruptcy.Comparison back-to-back documentary credit with transferred credit(1)Commons: Both of the transferable credit and back-to-back credit are generated for the reason of a middleman involved in the international trasaction.And some items can be modified : the unit price and the amount of credit can be reduced;the expire date, the period for presentation, or the latest shipment date or given period for shipment can be curtailed; the percentage of insurance cover may be increased; the name of applicant can be replaced by the middleman.(2)Differences: Firstly, in back-to-back credit operation, the original credit and the back-to-back credit are two wholly independent credits with wholly independent issuing bank undertakings, while the transferred credit derives not only its existence from the original transferable credit, but also its utilization.Secondly, under a transferable credit, the transferring bank is authorized and designated by the issuing bank, while for a back-to-back credit, the middleman can freely choose the issuing bank of the new credit.Thirdly, the transferable credit can only be transferred once, while in case of more than one middleman involved in transaction, back-to-back credits can be issued in turn to satisfy the needs of transferring among several different middlemen.。

国际结算知识点总结

第一章国际结算概述1.国际结算的概念国际结算(International settlement)：是指处于两个不同国家的当事人，（因为商品买卖、服务供应、资金调拨、国际借贷）通过银行办理的两国间外汇收付业务。

注意：该定义的关键词：“不同国家”、“通过银行”、“外汇收付业务”。

2.国际贸易结算由国际贸易活动而发生的货款结算，以结清买卖双方间的债权、债务关系，称之为国际贸易结算。

3.国际非贸易结算国际贸易以外的其他经济活动，以及政治、文化等交流活动，而引起的货币收付，称为非贸易结算。

它们建立在非商品交易基础上，常见的侨汇、旅游、运输、通讯、建筑、保险、金融、咨询、广告等。

第二章国际结算中的票据1.广义的票据：是指商业上的权利单据（Document of Title）,它作为某人的、不在他实际占有下的金钱或商品的所有权的证据。

具有流通转让性，又是流通证券。

如发票、提货单、栈单、仓单、保单.2.狭义的票据：是以支付金钱为目的的证券，由出票人签名于票据上，无条件地约定由自己或他人支付一定金额，可以流通转让。

包括汇票、本票和支票，这是本章研究的对象。

3.票据流通的三种形式：（一）过户转让或通知转让（Assignment）：1、转让书(书面形式)，转让人签名。

2、在债务人处登记过户，或书面通知原债务人，不因债权人更换而解除其债务。

3、转让人只能将其拥有的权利让渡给受让人.受让人获得权利受到转让人权利缺陷的影响。

4、三个当事人：债权转让人、债权受让人及原债务人如：股票（Share Certificate）、人寿保险单(Life Policies)、政府证券(Certificate of Government Stock)、债券(Debenture)等采用过户转让，它们不是完全流通证券。

（二）交付转让（Transfer）1、单纯交付或背书交付转让，不必通知原债务人。

2、受让人取得它的全部权利，他可以用自己的名义对票据上的所有当事人起诉。

【国际结算】名词解释

1国际结算INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT 是一项国际间债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而通过银行来完成的跨国(地区)货币收付活动2信用工具FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS,是以书面形式发行和流通,用以证明债权人权利和债务人义务的契约证书.3清算CLEARING是指不同银行之间因资金的代收、代付而引起的债权债务通过票据清算所或清算网络进行清偿的活动。

4票据bill是出票人签发的，承诺自己或委托他人在见票时或指定日期向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定金额，可以流通转让的一种有价证券。

5追索Recourse指票据的付款人或承兑人如果对合格票据拒绝承兑或付款，正当持票人为维护其权利，有权通过法定程序向所有债务人起诉，追索，要求得到票据权利。

6对价持票人HOLDER FOR VALUE对价持票人就是指其本人或其前手在取得票据时付出过适当代价的持票人。

7善意持票人BONAFIDE HOLDER他必须是可流通票据的善意受让人；其取得的票据必须票面完整合格且未过期；而且他必须在取得票据时并不知道该票据曾被退票或其任何前手有权利缺陷。

8正当持票人HOLDER IN DUE COURSE善意的对价持票人即为正当持票人9汇票BILL OF EXCHANGE出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。

10光票CLEAN BILL指无需附带任何单据即可收付票款的汇票。

11跟单汇票DOCUMENTARY BILL指附带商业单据的汇票，跟单汇票一般为商业汇票。

12支票CHEQUE OR CHECK是银行存款户根据协议向银行签发的即期无条件支付命令。

13本票notes是一个人向另一个人签发的，保证于见票时或定期或在可以确定的将来时间，对某人或其指定人或持票来人无条件支付一定金额的书面付款承诺。

14背书ENDORSEMENT是将汇票权利转让他人为目的的一种行为。

通过背书，票据权利从背书人转让给被背书人。

国际结算名词解释

International settlement refers to financial activities of settling claims and debts among countries.1、Characteristics of negotiable instrument: negotiability流通转让性、unconditional promise or order to pay无条件支付的承诺或命令、requisite in form要式性、non-causative nature无因性2、functions of negotiable instrument: a substitute of money 、payment instrument、credit instrument3、the holder for value is a person who possesses an instrument for which value has been given by himself or by some other person prior to him. 付对价持票人4、the holder in due course refers to an individual who acquires a negotiable instrument in good faith. 正当持票人5、Good faith means the observance of honorable intent in business relations and the avoidance of any attempts to deceive in assuming and performing contractual obligations.6、汇票是指出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者指定日期无条件支付确定金额给付款人或持票人的票据。

国际结算名词解释

代理行（correspondent bank）是指与其他国家建立往来账户，代理对方的一些业务，为对方提供服务的银行。

往账（Nostro Account）：本国银行在境外其他银行开立的账户，通常以境外货币开立。

来账（Vostro Account）：境外银行在国内开立的账户，通常以本币开立，也可以以境外货币开立。

汇票（Bill of Exchange/Postal Order/Draft/Money Order）是由出票人签发的，要求付款人在见票时或在一定期限内，向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定款项的票据。

本票（Promissory Note）是一项书面的无条件的支付承诺，由一个人作成，并交给另一人，经制票人签名承诺，即期或定期或在可以确定的将来时间，支付一定数目的金钱给一个特定的人或其指定人或来人。

支票（Cheque，Check）是以银行为付款人的即期汇票，可以看作汇票的特例。

托收（Collection）是出口人在货物装运后，开具以进口方为付款人的汇票（随附或不随附货运单据），委托出口地银行通过它在进口地的分行或代理行代出口人收取货款一种结算方式。

D/A 是document against acceptance承兑交单,也就是提货方只要对出口方的汇票承诺在一定的期限内付款（签字承诺），就可以向银行取得提单以提取货物。

D/P是document against payment付款交单，就是提货方需在付清货款后才能向银行取得提单以提取货物。

出口押汇(Outward bill/outward documentary bills/Outward Bill Credit/bill purchased) 出口押汇:是指企业（信用证受益人）在向银行提交信用证项下单据议付时，银行（议付行）根据企业的申请，凭企业提交的全套单证相符的单据作为质押进行审核，审核无误后，参照票面金额将款项垫付给企业，然后向开证行寄单索汇，并向企业收取押汇利息和银行费用并保留追索权的一种短期出口融资业务。

国际结算名词解释

国际结算（international settlement）是一项国际间债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而通过银行来完成的跨国(地区)货币收付活动。

信用工具（financial instruments）是以书面形式发行和流通，用以证明债权人权利和债务人义务的契约证书。

汇款（remittance）托收（collection）信用证（letter of credit 简称L/C）保付代理（简称保理，factoring）包买票据（forfaiting）单据（documents）国际贸易结算中使用的所有商业单据与金融单据。

商业单据（commercial documents）指的是狭义的单据。

常见的单据：发票（invoice），提单（bill of lading，简称B/L），保险单（insurance policy），附属单据（海关发票、领事发票）等国际贸易融资（international trade finance）又叫国际结算融资，指围绕国际贸易结算的各个环节发生的资金和信用融通活动。

SWIFT把银行业务分为9大类型：1.客户汇款（customer transfer）2.银行间头寸调拨（bank transfer）3.外汇业务（foreign exchange confirmation）4.托收业务（collection）5.证券业务（securities）6.贵金属和银团贷款业务（precious metal and syndication）7.信用证和保函（documentary credit and guarantees）8.旅行支票（travelers cheques）9.银行帐单处理（statements）清算（clearing）是指不同银行之间因资金的代收、代付而引起的债权债务通过票据清算所或清算网络进行清偿的活动。

清算所同业支付系统（CHIPS）是作为替代纸票据清算的一个电子系统。

也是一个贷记转帐系统。

国际结算名词解释

1,国际结算(international settlement)：是指为清算国际间的债权债务关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动。

2.chips(clearing house interbank payment system)纽约清算所银行同业支付系统，由纽约清算所协会经营。

全球最大的私营支付清算系统之一，主要进行跨国美元交易的清算。

3，TARGET系统是由欧盟国家的即时清算系统及欧洲中央銀行支付系统通过SWIFT 系统支持而组成的一种自动资金收付系统。

4,本票（promissory note）是出票人签发的,承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。

票据是指：本票、支票与汇票5，汇票（draft）是由出票人签发的，要求付款人在见票时或在一定期限内，向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定款项的票据。

6,支票（check）是无条件的书面支付命令，是一种以银行为付款人的即期汇票。

7,汇款（remittance）指银行借助一定的结算工具在不同国家的两地之间进行资金的调拨，以结清两国客户间的债权债务关系。

8,托收（collection）出口商开立金融票据或商业单据或者两者兼有，委托托收行通过其联行或代理行向进口商收取货款或劳务费用的结算方式。

国际结算方式：汇款,托收,信用证9，信用证Letter of credit是开征银行根据申请人的要求和指示，向受益人开立的，有一定金额的，在一定的期限内凭规定的单据，在指定的地点支付的书面保证。

10，FOB：装运港船上交货，由买方负责派船接运货物，卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内，将货物装上买方指定的船只，并及时通知买方。

货物在装船时越过船舷，风险即由卖方转移至买方。

买方运费11，CFR指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内，在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，负担货物越过船舷为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险，并负责租船或订舱，支付抵达目的港的正常运费。

《国际结算》作业题参考答案一名词解释

《国际结算》作业题参考答案一、名词解释：1、国际结算：即International Settlement，是指国际间由于经济、政治等各方面交往而引起的、以货币所表现的债券债务结算。

2、代理行：即Correspondent Banks，是指两家银行通过签订协议，建立委托代理关系，互相委办诸如国际结算、出口信贷、银团贷款等业务或提供服务。

这样的两家银行互称代理行。

3、控制文件：即control Documents,两家建立代理行关系在银行在互相委办业务或提供服务时所相互交换的用以明确关系和方便业务的文件，包括密押、印鉴、和费率表等。

4、CHIPS：即美国纽约票据交换所银行同业支付系统，有纽约清算协会于1971年成立，专门用于全球美元清算，是一个实时的、银行对银行交易的终局性付款系统。

目前全球大约95%的美元支付都是通过这一系统处理完成的。

5、SWIFT：即环球银行间金融电讯协会，成立于1973年，总部设在比利时的布鲁塞尔，其创建之目的在于创造一个全球共享的使用统一语言的数据处理和通讯网络体系，一边于所有的国际金融交易。

现有设在荷兰、香港、英国和美国的四个基地，主要向全球7000多家会员提供资金划拨、国际贸易支付、国债、证券、外汇交易等服务。

6、CHAPS：即英国伦敦票据交换所银行同业支付系统，成立于1984年，是银行间即日电子支付系统，与英格兰银行合作提供收付和清算服务，它同时是世界上最大的全国性清算系统之一，1999年1月起在运行原有英镑清算系统的同时开始运行欧元清算系统。

7、TARGET：即欧元自动拨付与清算系统，位于德国法兰克福欧洲中央银行总部，与1999年1月4里开始运行。

由15个欧盟成员国的全国实时清算系统和欧洲中央银行的支付系统组成，以提供公共平台便利各成员国之间的跨境支付。

8、存放国外同业：即NOSTRO,代理行之间建立的账户关系之一，属资产类科目，即借方记录资产的增加、负债的减少，贷方记录资产的减少、负债的增加。

国际结算名词解释

国际结算（international settlement）是指为实现债权债务的清偿，或资金的单方面转移，而进行的货币跨国收付活动非现金结算（non-cash on dilivery）是指使用各种支付工具来结清债权债务关系推定交货(constructive delivery)原则的实质就是货物单据化，以货物单据代表货物所有权，交单视同交货。

汇票（Bill of Exchange/Postal Order/Draft）是出票人签发的，要求付款人在见票时，或在指定日期，无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。

本票( promissory note) 是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时，无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。

支票（check, cheque）是出票人签发，委托办理支票存款业务的银行在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持有人的票据。

出票人(Drawer)是指做成票据、在票据上签名并发出票据的人付款人（payer , drawee ）接受票据提示的当事人，被出票人指定付款的人。

收款人（payee）票据记载的获取票据款项的人，是票据的主债权人。

背书人Endorser转让票据之人收款人或持票人在票据背面签字，称作“背书” Endorsement，承兑Acceptance指远期汇票的受票人在汇票上签名表示接受出票人的命令、到期付款的行为。

提示Presentation是指持票人将汇票提交付款人要求承兑或要求付款的行为，追索Recourse 是指持票人在票据被退票时，对背书人、出票人及其他票据债务人请求偿还票款及其他有关费用的行为信汇mail transfer汇出行应汇款人的申请，用航空信函只是汇入行解付一定金额给收款人的付款方式电汇telegraphic transfer指汇出行应汇款人的申请，拍发加押电报或电传给国外汇入行，指示解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式票汇demand draft汇出行应汇款人的申请，代其开立以汇入行为付款人的银行及其汇票，并交换汇款人，由汇款人自寄或自带给国外收款人，由收款人到汇入行凭票取款的汇款方式顺汇remittance：结算工具与货款的流向一致；逆汇reverse remittance：结算工具与货款的流向相反。

国际结算(名词解释等)

CHIPS：Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System.
Flow chart of cable/telex/SWIFT (Telegraphic Transfer, T/T)
Buyer Seller
1.Apply and buy foreign exchanges & pay commission With test key
Items
Bill of exchange
promissory note
cheque
Attribute
Functions
Unconditional
Draft with certain face value, payable to holder on fixed date, drawn on maker/drawer or designated payer. Means of payment, negotiation, finance (for settlement, credit, negotiation and paying debt )
简答： Process of Factoring（保理的特点优点） 1. Get access to finance linked to his current level of business. 2. Be able to improve the relationship with his suppliers through prompt pay and to extract optimum terms when making his purchases. 3. Factoring furnishes finance for growth to seller, without requiring. injection of new equity from external sources or an additional guarantee from management. 4. Saves cost of maintaining his own administrative department. 5. Buyer’s default risk is transferred to factor. Exporter is free to concentrate on International sales and development of new markets. 6. Increase sale through factors’ knowledge of market and ability to offer credit lines. 7. Be able to offer competitive open a/c selling terms in highly competitive market. And seller’s bad debts will be eliminated.

国际结算名词解释

国际结算：不同国家的当事人，不论是个人，单位，企业或政府间因为商品买卖，服务供应，资金调拨，国际借贷而需要通过银行办理的两国间的外汇首付业务。

国际结算实质上是货币的跨国收付活动，是一项及其重要的跨国经济行为，是保障与促进国际间各项活动与交往正常进行的必要手段。

国际贸易结算：由国际贸易活动发生的货款结算，以结清买卖双方的债权，债务关系，称之为国际贸易结算。

推定交货原理的实质就是货物单据化，以货物单据代表货物所有权。

国际贸易结算的实体和依据就是货物单据。

在国际贸易结算中，普遍实行“推定交货”。

所谓“推定交货”，又称象征性交货。

汇款方式（International Remittance）：过银行的汇兑赖实现国与国之间的债权债务的清偿和国际资金的转移。

托收方式（Collection）：口方委托本地银行，通过进口地银行向进口方提示单据，收取货款的结算方式。

信用证方式（Letter of Credit) ：行应开证申请人（进口商）的要求开给信用证的受益人（出口商）的一份有条件的书面付款承诺。

票据的定义：广义：是指商业上的权力单据，它作为某人的，不在他实际占有下的金钱或商品的所有权的证据。

通常，广义票据泛指一切有价证券和各种书面凭证。

狭义：是以支付金钱为目的的证券，由出票人签名于票据上，无条件的约定由自己或另一个人支付一定金额，可以流通转让。

包括汇票，本票，支票。

其中，在国际贸易结算中使用最广泛，票据行为表现最完全的，作用发挥最充分的是汇票。

出票人（Drawer)：是开立，签发和交付汇票的人。

他在承兑前是主债务人，承兑后是从债务人。

背书人：指收款人不拟凭票据取款，而已背书交付的方式，转让汇票，卖给他人。

收款人背书后称为第一背书人。

被背书人：接受背书的人，是汇票的债权人。

承兑人：票据是远期票据时，收款人或持票人向付款人要求付款人同意到期付款，该付款人承兑后就是承兑人，承兑人是汇票的债务人。

参与承兑人：当票据提示被拒绝承兑或无法获得承兑时，由一个第三者参加承兑汇票，并签名于票据上，他就成为参加承兑人，也是汇票债务人。

国际结算名词英文解释

国际结算名词英文解释一，名词解释第一章International Settlement（国际结算）：International Settlement is defined as financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another, in order to settle accounts, debts, claims and etc.Negotiable instruments（可转让票据）： A negotiable instrument is an instrument the titles on which can be transferred easily from one party to another, which is a kind of financial documents.Drawer（出票人）drawee（付款人）payee（收款人）endorse（背书）letter of credit（信用证）Organization, covers four modes of supply for the delivery of services in cross-border trade.Cross-border supply（跨境交付）：refer to the services delivered within the territory of the member, from the territory of another member. It is the services but not the people or material that crosses the border.Consumption abroad（境外消费）：Consumption abroad is the services delivered outside the territory of the member, in the territory of another member, to a service consumer of themember.Commercial presence（商业存在）：Commercial presence is the services delivered within the territory of the member, through the commercial presence of the supplier.Presence of natural person（自然人流动）：Presence of natural person is services deliveredwithin the territory of the member, with supplier presenting as a natural person.International Non-trade Settlement（国际非贸易结算）：International Non-Trade Settlement refers to financial activities that are generated in the course of other cross-border economic (excluding international trade), political and cultural contacts.Cash on Delivery（货到付款）Document against payment（付款交单）clearing systems（清算系统）Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System(CHIPS) 紐約清算所銀行同業支付系統Clearing House Automated Payment System(CHAPS) 自動支付清算系統negotiating bank（议付银行）accepting bank（承兑银行）reimbursement bank（偿付银行）confirming bank（保兑银行）International Trade Customs and Practices（国际贸易惯例）：International customs and practices are the habitual patterns rules and regulations recognized by international community. They are formed in long-term international communication and practice.UK Bill of Exchange Act of 1882（汇票法）US Uniform Commercial Code of 1952（统一商法典）Correspondent Bank（关系银行）：When a local bank and a foreign bank provide agency services for each other under an agreement, the two banks become correspondent banks in international settlement mutually. Depository Bank（保管银行）Non- depository Bank（非保管银行）第二章Bill of Exchange（汇票）：Bill of Exchange is “an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.”Promissory Note（本票）：A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Cheque（支票）：it is “an bill of exchange drawn on a banker payable on demand” It isan unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Non-causative Nature（无因性）：means when the creditor exercises his right (ask the payer for payment), he needn’t indicates the payer the reason.General acceptance（一般承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, accepting the drawer’s order without restrictive statementQualified acceptance（条件承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, using specific wording to change the effect after acceptance.Dishonor（拒付）：Act of dishonor is a failure orrefusal of acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange when presented.Right of Recourse（追索权）：Recourse refers to act of the holder to demand for payment from the drawer and endorser in case that the draft has been dishonored.Crossed cheque（划线支票）is the cheque with the two parallels on the face, it can be used only for account transferOpen cheque（普通支票）：is the cheque without the two parallels on the face, it can be used for cash withdrawal and account transferCertified cheque（保付支票）：is one that is certified by the drawee bank. Once a cheque is certified by the drawee bank, all other obligors on the cheque would be discharged from the liability of payment.Uncertified cheque（未证明支票）：is the counter example of certified cheque.cheque payable to bearer（无记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is the bearer. It can be transferred against delivery.cheque payable to order（记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is a nominated person.第三章：Remittance（汇付）：refers to funds transfer from one party to another among different countries.Remitting Bank（汇出行）：Remitting Bank is the bank that transfers funds at the request of remitter to its correspondent or branch in another country and instructs the latter to pay a certain amount of money to the beneficiaryBeneficiary（收款人）Paying Bank（付款行）：Paying bank is the bank that is entrusted in the payment instruction by the remitting bank to pay a certain amount of money to the payee or the beneficiary.Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)：电汇：Telegraphic transfer means the remitting bank sends its payment order to the paying bank by cable/telex/SWIFT. It is the most efficient and safest way to transfer fund.Mail Transfer (M/T)：信汇：Mail transfer means that the remitting bank, on the request of the remitter, transfers the funds by mailing a payment order or mail transfer advice, authorizing the paying bank to make payment to the payee or the beneficiaryDemand Draft (D/D)：即期汇票/票汇：Demanddraft is a remittance that the remitting bank , at the request of the remitter , draws a demand draft on the paying bank , ordering the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary(the payee of the draft) on presentation.Remittance Reimbursement（回款）：When the paying bank effects payment to the payee according to the remitting bank's instruction, the paying bank will be paid the same amount from the remitting bank.Cancellation of Remittance（取消汇款）：means the remittance can be canceled before its payment It can be done by either the remitter or the beneficiary.第四章collection（托收）：It means when exporter (or the creditor) has shipped the ordered goodsor provided the regulated services, he will submit financial documents or commercial documents or both, which evidence the fulfillment of the contract obligation and claim thereto, to his bank, request his bank, to entrust the importer’s bank ( normally the exporter bank’s correspondent bank ) to present the document to the importer (or the debtor), and to collect money for goods or service from the importer.Financial documents（金融单据）：bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment.Commercial documents（商业单据）：invoices, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.Principal（委托人）：It is a party that entrusts the bank to handle collection business. He hands commercial documents or financial instruments or both to the bank, instructing the remitting bank to collect money for goods or service for him.Clean Collection（光票托收）：It is collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.Documentary Collection（跟单托收）：It refers to the process by which the principal submits financial documents accompanied by commercial documents or commercial documents only to remitting bank for collecting proceeds from the draweeDocuments against Payment (D/P)：付款交单：D/P means documents will be released only against paymentDocuments against Acceptance (D/A)：承兑交单：means that the collecting bank is allowed to release the documents to the drawee against the drawee’s acceptance of a draftDirect Collection（直接托收）：Direct collection is an arrangement which the principal obtains remitting bank’s pre-numbered direct collection instruction, which is filled by the principal himself enabling him to send the documents directly to collecting bank for collection.第五章：letter of credit（信用证）：a letter of credit is an undertaking at the request of the applicant, written by the issuing bank to the beneficiary, informing it that the bank will pay a sum certain in money, if it provides complying documents within a prescribed time of period.。

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