高译教育-上海外国语大学考研翻译硕士英语真题样题2014

合集下载

上海外国语大学mti英语翻译硕士考研真题

一、翻译硕士英语（211）1.选择题（20*1')考单词为主，后面有几道语法。

单词以专八词汇为主，少量的gre词汇。

2.阅读（20*1'）四篇阅读，个人觉得很简单，文章很短，只有一面的长度吧，用专八阅读练习足够了。

3.改错（10*1'）比专八改错简单、前几年考的是修辞和英美文化常识、或古希腊神话典故。

4.作文（50分，500字）谈谈你对happiness的定义。

二、英语翻译基础（357）1.英译汉（75分）该部分选取的是卢梭的《爱弥儿》（Emile, or On Education）部分文章，主要选自《爱弥儿》第三卷第一节。

全文1000多字，共11段，但题目只要求翻译划线部分，总计翻译872字，共6段。

完整原文如下：The whole course of man's life up to adolescence is a period of weakness; yet there comes a time during these early years when the child's strength overtakes the demands upon it, when the growing creature, though absolutely weak, is relatively strong. His needs are not fully developed and his present strength is more than enough for them. He would be a very feeble man, but he is a strong child.What is the cause of man's weakness? It is to be found in the disproportion between his strength and his desires. It is our passions that make us weak, for our natural strength is not enough for their satisfaction. To limit our desires comes to the same thing, therefore, as to increase our strength. When we can do more than we want, we have strength enough and to spare, we are really strong. This is the third stage of childhood, the stage with which I am about to deal. I still speak of childhood for want of a better word; for our scholar is approaching adolescence, though he has not yet reached the age of puberty.About twelve or thirteen the child's strength increases far more rapidly than his needs. The strongest and fiercest of the passions is still unknown, his physical development is still imperfect and seems to await the call of the will. He is scarcely aware of extremes of heat and cold and braves them with impunity. He needs no coat, his blood is warm; no spices, hunger is his sauce, no food comes amiss at this age; if he is sleepy he stretches himself on the ground and goes to sleep; he finds all he needs within his reach; he is not tormented by any imaginary wants; he cares nothing what others think; his desires are not beyond his grasp; not only is he self-sufficing, but for the first and last time in his life he has more strength than he needs.I know beforehand what you will say. You will not assert that the child has more needs than I attribute to him, but you will deny his strength. You forget that I am speaking of my own pupil, not of those puppets who walk with difficulty from one room to another, who toil indoors and carry bundles of paper. Manly strength, you say, appears only with manhood; the vital spirits, distilled in their proper vessels and spreading through the whole body, can alone make the muscles firm, sensitive, tense, and springy, can alone cause real strength. This is the philosophy of the study;I appeal to that of experience. In the country districts, I see big lads hoeing, digging, guiding the plough, filling the wine-cask, driving the cart, like their fathers; you would take them for grown men if their voices did not betray them. Even in our towns, iron-workers', tool makers', and blacksmiths' lads are almost as strong as their masters and would be scarcely less skilful had their training begun earlier. If there is a difference, and I do not deny that there is, it is, I repeat, much less than the difference between the stormy passions of the man and the few wants of the child. Moreover, it is not merely a question of bodily strength, but more especially of strength of mind, which reinforces and directs the bodily strength.This interval in which the strength of the individual is in excess of his wants is, as I have said, relatively though not absolutely the time of greatest strength. It is the most precious time in his life; it comes but once; it is very short, all too short, as you will see when you consider the importance of using it aright.He has, therefore, a surplus of strength and capacity which he will never have again. What use shall he make of it? He will strive to use it in tasks which will help at need. He will, so to speak, cast his present surplus into the storehouse of the future; the vigorous child will make provision for the feeble man; but he will not store his goods where thieves may break in, nor in barns which are not his own. To store them aright, they must be in the hands and the head, they must be stored within himself. This is the time for work, instruction, and inquiry. And note that this is no arbitrary choice of mine, it is the way of nature herself.Human intelligence is finite, and not only can no man know everything, he cannot even acquire all the scanty knowledge of others. Since the contrary of every false proposition is a truth, there are as many truths as falsehoods. We must, therefore, choose what to teach as well as when to teach it. Some of the information within our reach is false, some is useless, some merely serves to puff up its possessor. The small store which really contributes to our welfare alone deserves the study of a wise man, and therefore of a child whom one would have wise. He must know not merely what is, but what is useful.From this small stock we must also deduct those truths which require a full grown mind for their understanding, those which suppose a knowledge of man's relations to his fellow-men--a knowledge which no child can acquire; these things, although in themselves true, lead an inexperienced mind into mistakes with regard to other matters.We are now confined to a circle, small indeed compared with the whole of human thought, but this circle is still a vast sphere when measured by the child's mind. Dark places of the human understanding, what rash hand shall dare to raise your veil? What pitfalls does our so-called science prepare for the miserable child. Would you guide him along this dangerous path and draw the veil from the face of nature? Stay your hand. First make sure that neither he nor you will become dizzy. Beware of the specious charms of error and the intoxicating fumes of pride. Keep this truth ever before you--Ignorance never did any one any harm, error alone is fatal, and we do not lose our way through ignorance but through self-confidence.His progress in geometry may serve as a test and a true measure of the growth of his intelligence, but as soon as he can distinguish between what is useful and what is useless, much skill and discretion are required to lead him towards theoretical studies. For example, would you have him find a mean proportional between two lines, contrive that he should require to find a square equal to a given rectangle; if two mean proportionals are required, you must first contrive to interest him in the doubling of the cube. See how we are gradually approaching the moral ideas which distinguish between good and evil. Hitherto we have known no law but necessity, now we are considering what is useful; we shall soon come to what is fitting and right.Man's diverse powers are stirred by the same instinct. The bodily activity, which seeks an outlet for its energies, is succeeded by the mental activity which seeks for knowledge. Children are first restless, then curious; and this curiosity, rightly directed, is the means of development for the age with which we are dealing. Always distinguish between natural and acquired tendencies. There is a zeal for learning which has no other foundation than a wish to appear learned, and there is another which springs from man's natural curiosity about all things far or near which may affect himself. The innate desire for comfort and the impossibility of its complete satisfaction impel him to the endless search for fresh means of contributing to its satisfaction. This is the first principle of curiosity;a principle natural to the human heart, though its growth is proportional to the development of our feeling and knowledge. If a man of science were left on a desert island with his books and instruments and knowing that he must spend the rest of his life there, he would scarcely trouble himself about the solar system, the laws of attraction, or the differential calculus. He might never even open a book again; but he would never rest till he had explored the furthest corner of his island, however large it might be. Let us therefore omit from our early studies such knowledge as has no natural attraction for us, and confine ourselves to such things as instinct impels us to study.2.汉译英（75分）2016年11月5日，上海外国语大学首届“中国学的国际对话：方法与体系”国际研讨会在虹口校区高翻学院同传室拉开帷幕，本次学术研讨会由上外主办，中国学研究所协同国际关系与公共事务学院、高级翻译学院联合承办，欧盟研究中心、俄罗斯研究中心、英国研究中心、中日韩合作研究中心以及马克思主义学院共同参与。

高译教育-上海外国语大学考研英语翻译基础真题2012

上海外国语大学2012年研究生入学考试英语翻译基础Ⅰ.Translate the following abbreviations and phrases into corresponding meanings. 30分英译汉 10 个 15 分1. Austerity measures2. UNSECO3. The US Senate4. APEC5. Washington Post6. NATO7. Arab Spring8. Gary Locke9. Reuters10. Wall Street Journal汉译英 10 个 15 分1. 十二五规划2. 十七届六中全会3. 全国人大4. 新华社5. 软实力6. 中美战略经济对话7. 上海合作组织8. 珠江三角洲9. “西气东输”10. 北京共识二篇章翻译英译汉 60 分翻译下面划线文章The great schools revolutionEducation remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, somevital lessons are beginning to be learnedSep 17th 2011 | DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print editionFROM Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countrieseducation is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world.Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them.In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’ s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years.Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institutions like America ’ s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results.Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “ the three great excuses” for bad schools have receded in importance. Teachers ’ unions have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves.The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated — or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States — yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money.Many still insist, though, that social class makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations ” as the main reason why its pupils underperform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels, ” it concludes, “ there has been little narrowing of longstanding and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first.Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, HongKong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences withinthem. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as thisbriefing will now do, many Western systems could jumpforward merely by bringing their worst schools up to thestandard of their best.So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachievingpupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all be traced in threeplaces that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.汉译英社会实践是法律的基础，法律是实践经验的总结、提炼。

(NEW)上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编

目　录2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2012年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2011年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2010年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）Making the most of diversityFrom Reuters Thu Nov 15, 2012 4:22pm ESTBy Chrystia FreelandNEW YORK Nov 15 (Reuters) - For America, 2012 will go down in history as the year of the Latinos, the blacks, the women and the gays. That rainbow coalition won President Barack Obama his second term. This triumph of the outsiders is partly due to America's changing demographics. And it is not just the United States that is becoming more diverse. Canada is, too, as is much of Europe.That is why it is worth thinking hard about how to make diverse teams effective, and how people who straddle two cultural worlds can succeed. Three academics, appropriately enough a diverse group based in Asia and America, have been doing some provocative research that suggests that our ability to comfortably integrate our different identities - or not - is the key.In "Connecting the Dots Within: Creative Performance and Identity Integration," Chi-Ying Cheng of Singapore Management University, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, and Fiona Lee, also at the University of Michigan, argue that ethnic minorities and women in male-dominated professions are most creative whenthey have found a way to believe that their "multiple and conflicting social identities are compatible.""We tried to see how people who have to deal with seemingly in-conflict culture or gender identities cope," Cheng told me. Their conclusion was that people who have found a way to reconcile their two identities - Asian-Americans, for example, or women who work in male-dominated jobs like engineering - are the best at finding creative solutions to problems."Those who see their identities as compatible, they are better at combining ideas from the two identities to come up with something new," Cheng said. "While those who also share these two social identities, but see them as being in conflict, they cannot come up with new ideas."Cheng, Sanchez-Burks and Lee devised a research strategy to probe this issue that you do not need a Ph.D. to appreciate: They asked Asian-Americans to invent new fusion cuisine dishes using both typically Asian and typically American ingredients, and they asked female engineers to design products geared specifically to women. In both cases, people who were at peace with their dual identities performed better."Asian-Americans who had higher bicultural integration could create more creative recipes, and they believed it was possible to come up with more recipes," Cheng said. "By contrast, Asian-Americans who feel their two identities are in conflict cannot come up with as many creative recipes.''Cheng has her own experience of being a minority. She is from Taiwan but went to graduate school in the United States; she is a woman but has taught in the male-dominated environment of graduate business schools. She does not minimize the challenge of coming to terms with this sort of diversity."People who have high identity integration, it is not that they are more easygoing. It is that they find peace between the two different worlds," Cheng said. "It is not that easy. Pretending doesn't work. There has to be real understanding and integration between the two worlds. They find a way for the two worlds to coexist inside a person."This academic work is a useful prism for understanding the man who may be the world's most prominent integrator of two potentially conflicting identities: President Obama. He has gained admission to what used to be the most exclusive white club of all, the White House, while remaining patently at ease with his black identity.As Cheng advises, Obama does not ignore the complexities of straddling these two worlds: He governs with an acute awareness of the particular challenges a black skin poses for the man Americans still like to describe as the leader of the free world. But the president is also deeply at ease with his various identities, a psychological state that may help him use them to powerful effect - as in the election campaign, when he rallied pretty much all Americans who think of themselves as different.。

高译教育-上海外国语大学考研英语翻译基础真题样题2014

上海外国语大学2014年研究生入学考试英语翻译基础样题、、写出下列英语词汇对应中文的全称（15分）Tory PartyIsisPPIUNFCCCLiberal ArtsMarine CorpsD-DayDiet Of JapanSub-Saharan AfricaRule of law、、写出下列中文的英文全称（15分）内阁成员指纹识别技术高清屏幕中共中央委员会痢疾中国招商银行存款准备金率比较优势十八届四中全会新型大国关系三、英译汉（60分）Britain’s Last EU Straw?LONDON – Is £1.7 billion ($2.7 billion) a lot of money for the British government to fork out? It is when it is a European Union budget demand that comes out of the blue. But the impact of the EU’s unexpected budget invoice is not just financial, for it has arrived at a time when the anti-EU, United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) is riding high in opinion polls. The episode reveals the arbitrary nature of EU budget setting, which puts the EU itself in a bad light – and could be the last straw for Britain’s EU membership.The bill originates from a statistical recalculation by Eurostat, the EU statistical office, of the UK’s economic performance over the past 20 years. The longer-terms costs, however, could be much greater than the relatively small amount (0.1% of GDP) involved. The political crisis – which originated with the calculation of national budget surcharges and rebates from the EU budget – stems from an institutional arbitrariness that seems unjust and fosters immense resentment. Like friendships or marriages that break down over seemingly trivial issues that in fact signify fundamental problems, this budget crisis has highlighted a serious flaw in the UK-EU relationship.The new financial demand surprised UK Prime Minister David Cameron, who called it “completely unacceptable.” For many Euroskeptics, this was yet another sign of a conspiracy by the European Commission against Britain. Referring to a children’s murder-detective board game, Cameron declared: “You don’t need a Cluedo set to know that someone has been clubbed with the lead piping in the library.” A better comparison might have been with the “Chance” cards in Monopoly, the Great Depression-era board game that highlighted the random injustice of capitalism.The timing of the spat could not be better for Britain’s EU opponents. UKIP could conceivably hold the balance of power following next May’s general election, and force the government to hold its promised “in-out” referendum on EU membership. Under electoral pressure, Britain’s two main parties – Conservatives and Labour – are already advocating limits on immigration that are incompatible with EU law and the core principles of European integration. The emotional escalation may lead many people, on both sides of the English Channel, to conclude that the UK and the EU would each be better off without the other.Pre-existing tensions have inevitably played a large part in the current flare-up. But is the EU’s budget calculation method also at fault?It is rational for a country’s EU budget contribution to reflect its real level of economic activity. In any case, the total EU budget, at around 1% of EU output, is relatively small, and has not changed for more than 30 years. The recalculation simply attempts to achieve a more accurate picture of the EU economy, correcting for activity not officially measured in national accounts, such as charity, drugs, and prostitution. Moreover, Britain was not the only EU member to fall foul of the recalculation. Italy’s economic performance also looked better than previously assumed, necessitating an additional payment. Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi duly joined the chorus of outrage, calling the recalculation a “lethal weapon.”To be sure, it is fundamentally sensible for governments to monitor and tax as much domestic economic activity as possible. An external assessment that attempts to account for the whole of the economy – and calculates the budget contribution on this basis – should increase tax efficiency. Poor taxation capacity has, after all, been an endemic problem in southern Europe, including in Italy (and especially in Greece), while France and Germany, which both received large rebates, are better tax collectors.Italy, like Greece, has been trying to broaden its tax base. Aerial surveys now detect garden swimming pools; tax assessors investigate yachts moored in harbors; and no transactions above €1,000 ($1,268) may be made in cash.Yet why should the EU’s budget calculations place such importance on national accounts, which constitute a set of arbitrary conventions? If, for example, wages were paid for housework, GDP would increase without any more activity taking place. In a rational world, EU budget contributions would not be arbitrarily set, but would be automatically determined, say, as a fixed proportion of value-added tax (VAT) receipts. Only a relatively small share would be needed, requiring no periodic recalculations.Assessing, and then reassessing, members’ dues in the current way damages the EU. Taken to its logical extreme, member countries would demand recalculations to reflect the different ways they measure income and wealth, thereby pitting potential beneficiary countries against contributors. Such a fiscal set-up has already threatened to break up member states – consider Scotland or Catalonia.If the EU is seen as being little more than a treasure chest that allots fiscal resources to its members, it is bound to fail. As geopolitical challenges mount, and Europe faces its first systemic security threat since the end of the Cold War, the stakes could not be higher. Europe cannot get bogged down in what should be a simple bureaucratic process. Rather, the EU must be able to explain what it truly represents, and these ideals must be reflected in actions that are clear, predictable, and non-arbitrary.、、汉译英（60分）朱镕基谈中国加入WTO中国和美国最近达成的关于中国进入WTO的双边协议。

(NEW)上海外国语大学高级翻译学院《841翻译实践(英汉互译)》历年考研真题及详解

目　录2009年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解2006年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解2009年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese（75分）The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now—very much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45 km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workers building this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river. I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the Standard Chartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, there is another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities” in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing is happening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight—is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World。

2014 年上海外国语大学 MTI 翻译硕士真题

2014年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士真题翻译硕士英语2014一、（30分）关于汽车行业的发展史及现状前景（cloze）——长度：A4纸一页多一点。

20个空（无选项，凭语感填词）二、（30分）根据以上阅读，回答一下5个问题。

（可以在文章找到答案，或者需要总结答案）三、（40分）写一篇400字的英语作文：就china auto industry development 向Chinese government给出建议（advice）。

英语翻译基础2014一、用汉语解释下列词语（15分）1.Shanghai Free Trade Zone2.European parliament3.Climate change4.Stakeholder5.Linsanity二、用英语解释下列词语（15分）1.莫言2.中国梦3.负面清单4.尽职调查5.量化宽松（以上两道题共十个词，请注意，不仅仅是翻译，还要继续解释词语）三、英译汉（一篇英语文章60分）文章题目是：Work With China,Don’t Contain It（自己上网搜原文吧，外国人写的）（contain:遏制，牵制）全文翻译——长度：A4纸一页四、汉译英（段落翻译60分）文章题目是：第三届上海外国语大学与联合国签署高校合作协议大会开幕致辞翻译的那部分涉及上海外国语大学的简介，与国际组织的合作（很多国际翻译机构名称要翻译），以及祝福。

汉语写作与百科知识2014一、填空题(9道小题，30分)1．古代科举前三名分别叫状元、、探花。

2．六朝古都分别是南京、西安、北京、杭州、开封、。

3．京剧按传统，五角色分别是生、旦、。

4．花甲是岁，古稀岁，耄耋岁。

5．鲁迅说《》是史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚。

6．儒家继孔子后，是一大圣人；道家继老子后，是主要人物。

7．小说在唐朝被称作。

8．新文化运动运动德先生和赛先生分别指。

9．联合国五个常任理事国是。

二、成语解释，给出词义，典故出处，并造句。

2014年翻译硕士考研英语真题汇总

2014年翻译硕士考研英语真题汇总第一部分短语翻译英译汉部分(1*15=15’)CA TTI GRE GDPplay of wordsKumara Jivasemantic translationcultural untranslatabilitydescriptive translation studiesidiomatic expressions in Englishideological conflictinterpreter's boothnegative transfer of cultureover-loaded translationRobinson CrusoeGone with the Wind汉译英部分(1*15=15’)兵马俑高等专业人才高等师范教育研究生资格考试形似端午节忠、顺信达雅文化偏见黑话形式与内容的统一英汉翻译内在规律《英译汉入门须知》《词义剖析与词典编纂》官方语言第二部分文章翻译英译汉(60’)A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personalexperience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel's worth of merchandise,I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another'swife, I amfree.”This is a prevalent misconception in many people'sminds---that love, like merchandise, can be “stolen”。

Numerous states, in fact,have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”。

上海外国语大学考研翻译学2014年真题回忆版分享

上海外国语大学考研翻译学2014年真题回忆版分享第一部分#翻译理论#一、写出下列英文术语的中文意思，并用中文简要解释。

semantic translationconsecutive interpretingtranslation normssense for sense translationreader-oriented translation二、写出下列中文术语的英文翻译，并用英文作简要解释。

译者的操纵脱离语言结构交际翻译实证研究计算机辅助翻译三、论述题，用中文作答。

大意如下：（记得不是很清楚了，大家稍微看看吧）有人主张忠实的翻译应该以直译为主，也有人主张忠实的翻译应该以意译为主。

请你谈谈：这两种翻译策略分别“忠实的部分”是什么？另外，这两种翻译策略适用于哪些类型的文本的翻译？四、论述题，用中文作答。

大意如下：请你简要论述术语库（数据库）的建设对于翻译实践的功能和指导作用？语料库的建设对于翻译理论的研究具有的功能和指导作用？五、论述题，用英文作答。

Do you agree that extrovert people make better interpreters? Why?第二部分 #翻译实践#今年没有考完型，英翻中是全文要翻，后面的中翻英段落也挺多的，整个卷子的翻译量还是很大的。

一、Translate the following passage into Chinese.网址如下：（上外出的题目果然出乎意料，选了japantoday上面的文章。

）/category/opinions/view/making-sen se-of-chinas-meager-typhoon-aidMaking sense of China's meager typhoon aidIan BremmerFaced with a devastating typhoon a mere 700 miles away, Chinese President Xi Jinping this week pledged financial support for the Philippines, as did nearly every other industrialized nation. Australia offered $30 million; the Europeans $11 million; the United Arab Emirates promised $10 million. China offered $100,000.The media backlash was immediate. Within days, an embarrassed Beijing upped its pledge to $1.6 million. That‟s still less than a sixth of the total offered by Japan, China‟s main regional rival. In 2010, China overtook Japan as the second-biggest economy in the world.Faced with a devastating typhoon a mere 700 miles away, Chinese President Xi Jinping this week pledged financial support for the Philippines, as did nearly every other industrialized nation. Australia offered $30 million; the Europeans $11 million; the United Arab Emirates promised $10 million. China offered $100,000.What gives - or doesn‟t give, as the case may be? Why is an economy so big, a government so willing to invest abroad, and a country so eager to win favor in the region stiffing a neighbor in need? Because China is still a new enough power that it has no tradition of shelling out helpings of foreign aid - and because the Philippines is not China‟s favorite country at the moment.And despite its successes, China is actually still a poor country. Its per capita income finally topped $9,000 last year, which ranks China about 90th in the world, depending on the exact measure. Nearly 130 million of its people live on less than $1.80 per day. With a renewed sense of urgency to tackle the country‟s many economic reform c hallenges, China has far too many pressing needs at home to be cutting big checks abroad.At least, that‟s what its less-advantaged populations might well think. In 2008, nearly 70,000 people died in China when an earthquake struck outside the central Chinese city of Chengdu. And this year, nearly 200 died when a quake rattled the country‟s southwest. This is a country that struggles with its own domestic disaster relief.Let‟s remember, too, that the Philippines is a former American colony. There are already hundreds of U.S. troops on the ground helping with the relief effort. There is also the small matter of the South China Sea, which the Chinese, as documented in the New York Times Magazine a few weeks ago, want for themselves. For China, offering huge sums of money to a foreign community - especially one with which China has a beef over maritime borders - is a nonstarter.It‟s easy to think that the typhoon relief effort is an opportunity to break that impasse. But just because that‟s how the U.S. uses f oreign aid - as a tool with which to change public opinion abroad - doesn‟t mean China thinks the same way. It has virtually no infrastructure to push aid abroad - there‟s no equivalent of USAID or American nonprofits like Habitat for Humanity. The mandate of China‟s diplomatic corps is largely determined by the work its state-owned companies do abroad. China courts favor by investing, not giving.A rising China will lead to a radically different international response to crises over time. China says it wants a de-Americanized world, and the U.S. has lately stepped back from its traditionally activist foreign policy. But where will the world turn for disaster relief when a still-poor China has become the world‟s largest economy?After the shooting in Newtown, Connecticut a year ago, a quote from legendary TV kidsshow host Mr. Rogers went viral:“When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, …Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.‟ To this day, especially in times of …disaster,‟ I remember my mother‟s words, and I am always comforted by realizing that there are still so many helpers - so many caring people in this world.”What happens when the largest economy is a country that doesn‟t want to do the things we expect the largest economy to do?That‟s a problem that extends well beyond typhoons, earthquakes and aid.二、中译英，将划线段落翻译成英文。

高等教育-2014年上海外国语大学翻译硕士专业考研参考书-考研招生人数-考研报录比-考研重点笔记

2014年上海外国语大学翻译硕士专业考研参考书-考研招生人数-考研报录比-考研重点笔记英语翻译基础一、词汇翻译：Cancun conference 2010 2010年坎昆会议,Bogor Goals 茂物目标3R economy 3R（reduce、reuse、recycle）经济/循环经济Reforestation 重新造林UN security council 联合国安全理事会千年发展计划the Millennium Development Goals, MDGs 雷曼兄弟Lehman Brothers国家一二五计划the 12th five-year plan上海合作组织Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 美联储Federal Reserve G20ConfuciusGaza Stripquantitative easingWTOReforestation循环经济雷曼兄弟《国富论》千禧年发展计划货币战争上海合作组织朝核危机二、语篇翻译：一篇英译中好像是奥巴马的每周演讲，好像就是圣诞后那周的电台演讲，讲的是美国人民就业问题。

中译英讲的是上海世博会的，举世瞩目的上海世博会已经落下帷幕，创下了很多世博会记录等等。

温家宝演讲举世瞩目的上海世博会即将落下帷幕。

本届世博会以“城市，让生活更美好”为主题，充分展示了丰富多彩的当代文明成就，汇集了人类探索城市发展的共同智慧，创造了多项世博会的新纪录，谱写了世界博览史的辉煌篇章。

上海世博会是一次成功的盛会，世博会云集了包括190个国家、56个国际组织在内的246个官方参展者，超出以往历届世博会。

从5月1日到今天，世博会参观者达到7000多万人次，创下参观人数的新纪录。

人们从世界各地来到美丽的黄浦江畔，走进世博园，顶着烈日，冒着风雨排着长队耐心等候，只为一睹世博会的风采。

本届世博会还第一次开辟了网上世博，为世界各地更多的民众参与世博会开启了一扇新的大门。

上海外国语大学考研英语翻译基础真题2014回忆版

it一个美国人写的文章主要说的是美国向亚太战略转移不要遏制中国政治性较强
上海外国语大学考研英语翻译基础真题2014回忆版
.
.2014年上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆版
英语翻译基础
词汇中译英
莫言
中国梦
负面清单
尽职调查
宽松量化
词汇英译中
Shanghai Free Trade Zone
Climate change
European Parliament
Shareholder
Hale Waihona Puke Linsanity篇章翻译
篇章中译英：上外与联合国专业翻译培养的会议演讲。
篇章英译中：US should work with China, not contain
it（一个美国人写的文章，主要说的是美国向亚太战略转移不要遏制中国，政治性较强）。

2014年上海大学考研翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版分享

2014年上海大学考研翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版分享一、个人情况说明：先说一下自己的情况吧。

本人2011年从上外毕业的，上了两年班，实在心里不爽，打算回炉深造去。

2013年3月离职了，去韩国玩了圈，该吃的也吃得，该买的也买了。

回来4月份正式开始准备考试。

其实真正复习时间也就8个月。

我平时喜欢文学类的东西，爱看小说。

英语虽说上班用不到，也没怎么落下。

毕业时专八考出来了，高级口译笔试也考出来了。

我词汇量还可以，口语实在不好，鉴于自己的特点，还是选了笔译。

平时复习晚起晚睡，直到12月才开始8点前起来。

其实这个还是看大家自身的作息时间，不要拼了老命复习，效率差，注重劳逸结合。

双休出去唱唱歌打打牌吃吃饭看看电影。

我这半年多里衣服包包化妆品买爆了简直。

二、初试科目复习1、政治建议：去报个政治班很有必要！时政性很强，把书上的东西都背死了也没用，需要政治班里老师的时政点题册子，选择题注重理解，不要光背概念，比如今年考得货币的5种职能，说题目体现了哪几种职能等等。

还有那种什么是关键啊什么是核心啊什么是基础啊，背清楚。

一定要报班！有些钱可以省有些钱省不得！死在政治上其他都考满分也没用！2、英语翻译基础①完型：今年这一大题和去年一样，一篇文章，A4大小一张正反2面，大约篇幅在3000字左右。

中间挖了20个空格，无选项无首字母完形填空。

文章后面5个回答问题。

今年的题目主要讲auto industry，感觉没去年的难。

②作文：是how Chinese government can develop our auto industry 建议：考上外MTI不要浪费时间在文学或者散文上，绝对不会考。

当然了如果平时喜欢看，练练语感也帮助写作。

注重政治，经济，生活，文化类话题。

平时多看看外文杂志书刊，每天看一点，积少成多。

那种CHINA DAILY少看看，上外的选题都是直接选的外国人写的文章，建议多读ECONOMIST, TIMES之类杂志。

上海高级口译英译汉真题2014年3月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

上海高级口译英译汉真题2014年3月(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)英译汉1.By most reasonable measures, reports of America’s declining power relative to the rest of the world have consistently p roved premature. The American economy increasingly seems to b e on an upswing. The United States remains among the world ’s safest and most attractive investments. The shale gas re volution is transforming the country into an energy giant of the future. The dollar, once slated for oblivion, seems de stined to remain the world’s reserve currency for some time to come. American military power, even amidst current budge t cuts, remains unmatched both in quantity and quality.Meanwhile, the anticipated “rise of the rest,”which other declinists celebrated a few years ago, has failed to mater ialize as expected. For all America’s problems at home –the fiscal crisis, political gridlock, intense partisanship, a nd weak presidential leadership –other great powers, from China to India to Russia to the EU, quite clearly have deb ilitating problems of their own, which in some cases promise to grow more severe in the years to come. Overall, the m uch-heralded return of a multipolar world of roughly equal great powers, as existed before World War II, has been delayed for at least a few more decades. In the absence of some u nexpected dramatic change, for the foreseeable future, the in ternational system will continue to be that of one superpowe r and several great powers, or as the late Samuel P. Hunti ngton once called it, “uni-multipolarity.”SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 100答案:从诸多方面来看，那些将美国经济与世界其他经济体比较后得出美国经济日暮西山的结论，下得有点为时过早。

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题一、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese（75分）The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008 Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now —very much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workersbuilding this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river.I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the StandardChartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, thereis another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities”in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing ishappening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight —is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but it’s compelling enough. The effects of China’s suburbanization are just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. It’s easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity prices—steel, copper, lumber, oil—when you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of a ton of copper wiring.There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, “we’re only at the very beginning of this in China.”【参考译文】短行军比尔·鲍威尔，星期四，2008年2月14日当地人在新淞江发展区门外卖农产品一年前的一个寒冷阴暗的下午，我站在我们距离上海市区一小时车程的尚在建设中的新房的地板上，陷入了沉思，我的妻子是上海本地人，我在2004年春天离开纽约来到中国，两年半以后我们做了这个决定。

2014年考研英语试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent ,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A] where[B] when[C] that[D] why2.[A] improves[B] fades[C] recovers[D] collapses3.[A] If[B] Unless[C] Once[D] While4.[A] uneven[B] limited[C] damaging[D] obscure5.[A] wellbeing[B] environment[C] relationship[D] outlook6.[A] turns[B] finds[C] points[D] figures7.[A] roundabouts [B] responses[C] workouts[D] associations8.[A] genre[B] functions[C] circumstances[D] criterion9.[A] channel[B] condition[C] sequence[D] process10.[A] persist[B] believe[C] excel[D] feature11.[A] Therefore[B] Moreover[C] Otherwise[D] However12.[A] according to[B] regardless of[C] apart from[D] instead of13.[A] back[B] further[C] aside[D] around14.[A] sharpness[B] stability[C] framework[D] flexibility15.[A] forces [B] reminds[C] hurries[D] allows16.[A] hold[B] track[C] order[D] pace17.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on18.[A] irregularly[B] habitually[C] constantly[D] unusually19.[A] carry[B] put[C] build[D] take20.[A] risky[B] effective[C] idle[D] familiarSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really?On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allow ance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means .[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A] uneasy [B] enraged [C] insulted [D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia andBritain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A] the growing demand from clients [B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms [D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it .[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth [B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers’ investments [D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A] the profit-oriented scientists [B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system [D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is atypical case which involves .[A] controversies over the recipients’status [B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes [D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobles?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are .[A] acceptable despite the criticism [B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes [D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence inhumanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solveproblems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical [B] Appreciative [C] Contemptuous [D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A] supportive of free markets [B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy [D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs And E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge insouthern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.→ A →42.→ E →43.→ 44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Erotica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.。

上海外国语大学考研翻硕MTI2014年真题回忆版分享

上海外国语大学考研翻硕MTI2014年真题回忆版分享翻译硕士英语分数 100分完形与阅读依然是去年的形式，即合在同一篇文章，共应该是20空，30分。

The future of cars: Gloom and boomA HUNDRED YEARS ago Henry Ford and his engineers perfected an idea whose time had come: the moving assembly line. By putting the car on a conveyor belt, they cut the...A HUNDRED YEARS ago Henry Ford and his engineers perfected an idea whose time had come: the moving assembly line. By putting the car on a conveyor belt, they cut the time taken to assemble a Ford Model T from 12 hours and 30 minutes in 1913 to just one hour and 33 minutes the following year. That made the car a lot cheaper to build and opened up a mass market for it. By 1918 its list price was down to $450, or just over 5 months’ pay for the average American worker, against the equivalent of about a year and a half’s pay when the car was launched a decade earlier. Cars became a personal badge of status, and in time carmaking became a badge of national virility.But since the 1950s the automobile has come to be seen as dangerous, dirty and noisy. In response it has been ever more strictly regulated, which has imposed additional costs. After the financial crisis the entire industry slumped spectacularly in many rich countries. Two of America’sbig three carmakers, Chrysler and General Motors, went bankrupt and had to be bailed out by taxpayers. In Europe car sales last year were the lowest since 1995. The battery-driven cars that were supposed to solve the pollution problem have so far been an expensive flop. The motor industry seems to be in dire straits.Yet this special report sees plenty to be optimistic about. Sales in Japan remain stagnant and in Europe they are unlikely to grow much in the next few years, but in America they are already beginning to bounce back, and in China and other emerging markets the current boom looks likely to continue for the foreseeable future. AlixPartners, a consultancy, forecasts that the worldwide market for cars and other light vehicles will expand from about 80m units a year now to 107m in 2020 (see chart 1). In China, n ow the world’s biggest market for cars, annual sales are expected to rise from 19m last year to 31m in 2020 as car ownership spreads to the country’s vast interior. So over the next seven years a Europe-sized market will grow up in China’s hinterland.Over the past decade tens of millions of Chinese families have gained personal mobility on an undreamt-of scale while lots of new jobs have been created making, selling and servicing cars in China. But the Chinese government seems less concerned about that than about its failure to create strong national champions capable of taking on the foreign carmakers on their own turf. In future it may try harder to achieve thisaim, which could deter foreign firms from continuing to invest in the country. A wiser course would be to accept—as Britain, and more recently Russia, have already done—that as long as the business is thriving and generating lots of well-paid work, the nationality of a car factory’s owners and the badges on the bonnets hardly matter.As ever more consumers in China and other emerging markets have the money to buy fancier cars, makers of upmarket and high-performance vehicles will benefit. Mass-market carmakers will have a harder time: too many factories are being built, especially in big emerging markets, which will lead to intense competition and price-cutting. As the biggest, most efficient manufacturers—such as V olkswagen and Toyota—pull ahead, those in the second division may seek salvation in alliances.Consumer heavenAs an investment, then, the motor industry has to be treated with caution. But its engineering and environmental credentials are improving all the time. A century after becoming a mass-market product, the car is still a long way from being a mature technology. Manufacturers and their suppliers are investing huge sums in a variety of improved propulsion systems and in new lightweight materials to meet regulators’ emissions targets. The current generation of models is already vastly cleaner than earlier ones, and emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot and other pollutants are set to fall much further. The smog that began to afflicttraffic-choked California in the 1950s and is now obscuring the sky in Chinese cities will gradually clear. The day may come when environmentalists stop worrying so much about cars and turn their attention to other polluters.Consumers will be in heaven. Improved manufacturing systems will allow the bigger carmakers to offer an ever wider range of models, supplemented by a steady stream of niche products from new entrants. Fierce competition will keep prices down even as cars are packed with ever more technology that will make them more expensive to produce. More of them will drive themselves, park themselves and avoid collisions automatically. That should cut down on accidents and traffic jams, reduce the stress associated with driving and provide personal mobility for the growing ranks of the elderly and disabled.All the technology that will go into making cars cleaner will also make them far more fuel-efficient and more economical. For motorists with short, predictable daily drives, all-electric cars may prove adequate and, as batteries improve, increasingly cost-effective. Others will be able to pick from a range of propulsion systems, including hybrid, natural gas and hydrogen as well as improved petrol or diesel engines, to suit their needs.Manufacturers are hoping that all this technology will help counteract a worrying trend they are beginning to observe in rich countries: that carownership is becoming unfashionable. In cities car-sharing and short-term hiring is becoming more popular. Young urbanites are getting their driving licences later, but the numbers of drivers at the other end of the age spectrum is growing, which may compensate for that loss.Best of all, in emerging markets there is enough pent-up demand to keep the industry growing for many decades yet. But which makers, in which countries, will reap the benefits?阅读理解分值三十分1，how did the assembly line help the auto industry？2，what is the key trend of the Chinese auto market?3, what is the good news of the world auto market?4, Why does it become the consumer heaven?5.Why is it difficult for carmakers to develop technology?作文字数要求 400字左右分值 40分依然延续前面的文章的主题，请你给中国政府提建议，关于如何发展中国的auto industry?翻译基础分值 150分时间原来的短语翻译也大改革，今年的题目是用中文/英文解释下列词语中英各五个三十分是解释啊，我考前列了个单子自己预测今年的短语翻译。

2014年上海外国语大学翻译真题汉译英

2014年上海外国语大学翻译真题汉译英倘使我们一检查中国民族，可发见一下优劣之点。

在劣的方面，我们可以举出，政治的贪污，社会纪律之缺乏，科学工业之落后，思想与生活方面留存极幼稚野蛮的痕迹，缺乏团队组织团体治事的本领，好敷衍不澈底之根性。

在优的方面，我们可以举出历史的悠久继长，文化的统一，美术的发达（尤其是诗词，书画，建筑，磁器），种族上生机之强壮，耐劳，幽默，聪明，对文士之尊敬，热烈的爱好山水及一切自然景物，家庭上之亲谊，及对人生目的比较确切的认识。

在中立的方面我们可以举出守旧性，容忍性，和平主义，及实际主义。

此四者本来都是健康的征点，但是守旧易致于落伍，容忍则易于妥洽，和平主义或者由于体魄上的懒于奋斗，实际主义则凡是缺乏理想，缺乏热诚。

统观上述，可见中国民族特征的性格大多属于阴的，静的，消极的，适宜一种和平坚忍的文化，而不适宜于进取外展的文化。

此种民性，可以“老成温厚”四字包括起来。

中国的人文主义者，自信对于人生真义问题已得解决。

自中国人的眼光看来，人生的真义，不在于死后来世，因为基督教所谓此生所以待毙；中国人不能了解，也不在于涅槃，因为这太玄虚；也不在于建树勋业，因为这太浮泛；也不在于“为进步而进步”因为这是毫无意义。

所以人生真义这个问题，久为西洋哲学家宗教家的悬案，中国热恩以只求实际的头脑，却解决的十分畅明，其答案就是在于享受淳朴生活，尤其是家庭生活的快乐（如父母俱存兄弟无故等），及在于五伦的和睦。

木从碧山来，山月随人归，或是云淡风轻近午天，傍花随柳过前川，这样淡朴的快乐，自中国人看来，不仅是代表含有诗意之片刻心境，乃为人生追求幸福的目标。

得达此境，一切泰然。

这种人生理想并非如何高尚，也不能满足哲学家玄虚的追求，但是却来得十分实在。

愚见这是一种异常简单的理想，因其异常简单，所以非中国人的实事求是的头脑想不出来，而且有时使我们诧异，这样简单的答案，西洋人何以想不出来。

鄙见中国与欧洲之不同，即欧洲人发明可享乐之事务日新月异，却较少有消受享乐的能力，而中国人在单纯的环境中，据有消受享乐之能力与决心。