2019-2020年高中外研版英语必修一教学案：Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar — 现在完成时(含答案)

2019-2020年高中外研版英语必修一教学案：Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar —现在完成时

(含答案)

语法图解

探究发现

①It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know.

②And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.

③I’ve seen quite a lot of China and I’ve visited some beautiful cities.

④But this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to.

⑤They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.

⑥My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.

⑦Xiao Li has lived in Xiamen all his life.

⑧The family have lived in the town for twenty years.

⑨Up to now, I’ve understood everything the teacher said.

⑩He has gone to the Great Wall.

[我的发现]

(1)现在完成时的构成是：have/has＋过去分词。

(2)由例句①可知，现在完成时可与since 引导的时间状语从句连用。

(3)由例句⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨可知，现在完成时可与时间状语recently,_just, all his life, for_twenty_years,_up_to_now 连用。

(4)由例句④⑩可知，have/has_been_to 表示“曾经去过(某地)”；have/has_gone_to 表示“已经去了(某地)，去而未归”。

一、现在完成时的基本概念

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时与现在有关，属于现在时态。

二、现在完成时的构成

[即时演练1]按要求改写句子

They have built another hospital in the area.

→They haven’t_built another hospital in the area.(否定句)

→Have_they_built another hospital in the area？(疑问句)

→Another hospital has_been_built by them in the area.(被动句)

三、现在完成时的基本用法

1．“完成用法”：表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。

Tom has made much progress in his learning of Chinese.

汤姆在汉语学习方面取得了很大的进步。

Have you ever been to the West Lake?

你曾经去过西湖吗？

2．“未完成用法”：表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。

We have lived here since 1994.

自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。

I have taught in this school for 30 years.

我在这所学校任教了30年。

3．在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。

I won’t believe it until I have seen it with my own eyes.

直到我亲眼见到才相信。

He will come as soon as he has finished his work.

他一做完工作就会来。

[即时演练2]

(1)选词填空：for, since

①My aunt has worked in Australia for 15 years.

②Margaret is in her office. She has been there since 7 o ’clock.

③Mike has been ill for a long time. He has been in hospital since October.

(2)翻译句子

①你在这里住了多少年了？ How_many_years_have_you_lived_here?

②吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 Jim_has_finished_his_homework_already._He_is_free_now.

③直到公交车停下了才能下车。

Don ’t_get_off_the_bus_until_it_has_stopped.

④我们已在这儿逗留了3个星期。

We ’ve_stayed_here_for_three_weeks.

四、现在完成时难点突破

1．现在完成时与瞬时性动词

瞬时性动词也可以有现在完成时，但是不可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用；必须与表示时间段的状语连用时，要用相应的延续性动词来代替。

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ I have bought a new car.(√)我买了辆新车。I have bought a new car for two weeks .(×)我买了新车两周了。I have had a new car for two weeks .(√)我买了新车两周了。

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ He has left.(√)他已经离开了。He has left for an hour .(×)他已经离开一个小时了。He has been away for an hour .(√)他已经离开一个小时了。

[即时演练3] 单句改错 ①Lucy has arrived here for five days.arrived →been

②He has borrowed the book for two years.borrowed →kept

③They have made friends since they went to college.made →been

2．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别