英语句子成分 结构分析+作文万能句子短语

句子成分分析

句子成分划分巧计

主在前，谓在中，宾语状语后面冲。短语定语住宾后，形代定语住宾前。间宾直宾紧相连，直间之间to, for 连。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

一，主语：是一个句子的主体，一般放在谓语之前，是动作的实施者。主语由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing形式或从句充当。

1.Mary is a good student.(名词)

2.Unity is strength. ( 名词)

3.He enjoys walking in the fields. （代词）

4.Four plus six is ten.（数词）

5.To work hard is important.（不定式短语）

6.It is my job to teach them English. （不定式短语是真正的主语，it 为形式主语）

7.Smoking is bad for health. （动词-ing形式作主语）

8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet. （从句作主语，即主语从句）

二，谓语：用来说明主语的动作或状态，表明主语是什么，做什么，或怎么样。谓语由动词担当，可由各种时态的动词表示

1.Great hopes make great men. （动词）

2.She looked after him two years ago.（动词词组）

3.I shall answer your question after class.（助动词＋动词）

4.She can speak English very well. （情态动词＋动词）

5.The dictionary is mine.（连系动词＋表语）

6.She looks happy. （连系动词＋表语）

三，宾语：

表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，由名词，代词，不定式，相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。

（一）单宾语

1.Paper catches fire easily. (名词)

2.He will do anything for her. （代词）

3.She is listening to play the violin. (不定式短语)

4.He doesn’t like swimming. (动词-ing形式)

5.He said that he would come. (从句，即宾语从句)

（二）双宾语（直接宾语sth＋间接宾语sb）

常见的带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, show, send, leave, return

1.Mother bought me a shirt yesterday.

2.She taught us English then.

3.I send m y mother two letters last month.

(三) 复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）有些及物动词带了宾语后，还需要有一个补足成分，才能使句意完整，即补充说明宾语，能都充当宾补的词有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）

常跟宾补的动词有allow, ask, advise, call, elect, keep, consider, make, see, name, have, get, help, wish, let, feel, hear, find smell

1.We elected him our monitor.（名词）

2.I want him back.（副词）

3.Cell phones make it possible for us to anyone from anywhere.（形容词）

4.The doctor advised me to have more exercises.（不定式短语）

5.I heard Mary singing in her room.（动词-ing形式）

6.He had his watch repaired yesterday.（过去分词）

7.Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）你请自便。

四表语：放在连系动词be ,become, seem, feel turn(当“变得”讲时)等之后，用来说明主语的特征，状态，身份等，可以充当表语的词有名词，动词-ed形式或句子

1. He became king when he was only a child.(名词)

2. The book is hers. (代词)

3. He is free today.(形容词)

4. Her mother will be back soon.(副词)

5. I’m sixteen.(数词)

6. He seemed worried about it.（动词过去分词）

7. It is surprising to hear the news.（动词现在分词）

8. The problem is how to finish the work ahead of time.（不定式短语）

9. This is what I want to tell you.（从句，即表语从句）

五定语：用来修饰名词或代词，可作定于的词有名词，代词，数词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing 形式，动词-ed 形式以及从句，定语分为前置定语和后置定语

1. Yao Ming is an excellent basketball player.（形容词，前置）

2. Ronaldo is a football player.（名词，前置）

3. Your hair needs cutting.（代词，前置）

4. Thirty students attended the party.（数词，前置）

5. He is in the sitting room.（现在分词，前置）

6. You can see fallen leaves everywhere in fall.（过去分词，前置）

7. Who is the girl dancing over there?（现在分词短语，后置）

8. The hotel built last year is the best in the city.（过去分词短语，后置）

9. This the house which we visied.（从句，即定语从句，后置）

六状语：用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，用来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件，让步，频度等情况。

通常用作状语的词有副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing形式，动词-ed 形式，名词词组，从句等，状语一般放在词尾，但有的也放在句首或句中

1.The plane will take off in a few minutes. (介词短语作地点状语)

2.He came late because of the rain. (介词短语作原因状语)