(财务会计)国际会计复习资料中英结合版
国际会计期末复习资料
国际会计期末复习资料复习资料一、名词汉译英（本大题共5道小题，每小题1分，共5分）1、融资活动2、投资活动3、公认会计原则4、证券交易委员会5、国际财务报告准则6、国际会计准则理事会7、公允反映8、法律遵循9、资产负债表10、经济合作与发展组织二、英译汉（本大题共3道小题，每小题10分，共30分）1.Accounting entails several broad processes : measurement , disclosure and auditing . Measurement is the process of identifying , categorizing , and quantifying economic activities or transactions . These measurements provide insights into the profitability of a firm's operations and the strength of its financial position . Disclosure is the process by which accounting measurements are communicated to their intended users . This area focuses on such issues as what is to be reported , when , by what means , and to whom . Auditing is the process by which specialized accounting professionals(auditors) attest to the reliability of the measurement and communication process . Whereas internal auditors are company employees who answer to management , external auditors are nonemployees who are responsible for attesting that the company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted standards .2. Accounting in common law countries is characterized as oriented toward "fair presentation" , transparency and full disclosure and a separation between financial and tax accounting . Stock markets dominate as a source of finance , and financial reporting is aimed at the information needs of outside investors . Setting accounting standards tends to be a private sector activity , and the accounting profession plays an important role .3、Accounting in code law countries is characterized as legalistic in orientation , opaque with low disclosure , and an alignment between financial and tax accounting . Banks or governments ("insiders") dominate as a source of finance , and financial reporting is aimed at creditor protection . Setting accounting standards tends to be a public sector activity , with relatively less influence by the accounting profession .4、Accounting standards setting normally involves a combination of private- and public-sector groups . The private sector includes the accounting profession and other groups affected by the financial reporting process , such as users and preparers of financial statements and employees . The public sector includes such agencies as tax authorities , government agencies responsible for commercial law , and securities commissions . Stock exchanges may influence the process and may be in either the private or public sector , depending on the country . The roles and influence of these groups in setting accounting standard differ from country to country . These differences help explain why standards vary around the world .5．The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in the wake of numerous corporate and accounting scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom. The act limits the services that audit firms can offerclients and prohibits auditors from offering certain nonaudit services to audit clients. It also requires that lead audit partners rotate off audits every five years. Section 302 of the act requires a company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer to certify each quarterly and annual report. Section 404 requires manage ment’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting, along with a related report by the independent auditor.6、Briefly, individualism is a preference for a loosely knit social fabric over an interdependent, tightly knit fabric. Power distance is the extent to which hierarchy and an unequal distribution of power in institutions and organizations are accepted. Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which society is uncomfortable with ambiguity and an uncertain future. Masculinity is the extent to which gender roles are differentiated and performance and visible achievement are emphasized over relationships and caring.三、简答题（本大题共3道小题，每小题15分，共45分）1、对会计体系进行分类的目的是什么？2、为什么说国家层面上的许多会计差别已经越来越模糊不清？3、简述处理会计、披露和审计准则国际差异的方法有哪些，并分别进行简要评价。
国际会计期末复习资料
9 ．英国的会计职业团体产生时间最早的是(B)。
A英格兰和威尔士特许会计师协会B苏格兰特许会计师协会
C管理会计师协会D特许注册会计师公会
10．法国会计的重要特征是实行统一的会计制度，对系统表述统一会计制度的文件称为(C)。
A会计准则B会计原则C会计方案D会计法
11 ．在法院设立“企业合议庭”的是(B)。
日本会计发展缓慢的原因： 1.日本是一个有着强烈文化和宗教根基的传统社会，存在着传统与外来影响的矛盾，外来影响只能逐步地被接受 2. 日本个人和企业关系中的群体意识和互相依赖性，与西方国家个人和团体之间互相独立、疏远的关系截然相反 3.日本的中央政府也会严格控制企业的活动，这意味着对企
A先进先出法B后进先出法C加权平均法D移动平均法
28、德国的会计惯例对流动负债和长期负债的划分描述正确的是(B)。
A凡在资产负债表日期 1 年以后到期的负债项目，应归入长期负债
B凡在资产负债表日期 4 年以后到期的负债项目才归入长期负债
C采用了“一年或一个营业周期孰长”的规定
D2 年以后到期的负债项目才归入长期负债
A英格兰和威尔士特许会计师协会B苏格兰特许会计师协会
C管理会计师协会D特许注册会计师公会
23、日本的《商法》以保护(C)的利益为指导思想。
A投资者B雇员C债权人D企业管理层
24、以下哪项不是会计职业国际化的阻力(D)。
A取得执业资格的学历条件B后续教育C执业资格考试D执业资格费用
25、IASB是以下哪个组织的简称(A)。
29、跨国公司兴起导致的独特的会计问题是(B)。
A国际物价变动影响的调整B国际财务报表的合并
C外币报表的折算D国际税务会计
30、国际双重征税发生的根源是(A)。
中英合作会计学复习资料
商务管理会计学复习资料会计学第一章会计概述学习目标1．了解会计信息的内部和外部使用；2．了解经济环境对会计的影响；3．理解会计目标的层次和内容；4．理解管理会计和财务会计的区别和联系；5．理解为什么内部和外部使用者都需要会计信息；6．理解会计信息的局限性。
1．1会计目标（P1）会计目标：一是从个人的角度，二是从企业的角度。
会计有三个功能：计划、控制和决策支持。
在个人层次上，会计有三个功能：计划、控制和决策支持。
在企业的层次上，会计用于控制组织的活动、计划未来的活动、帮助筹资以及向有关利益各方报告企业的活动和业绩。
1．2管理会计与财务会计的关系（P2）管理会计（对内）会计财务会计（对外）管理会计与财务会计之间既有区别，又有联系。
他们是相互联系、相互补充、相互配合的关系。
区别：1、在服务对象方面；2、在主要依据方面；3、在信息的类型方面；4、在时间范围方面；5、在报告范围方面；6、在计算方法方面。
联系：1、在服务对象方面；2、在取得资料方面；3、在职能、作用方面。
1．3会计信息使用者及其需要（P6）会计信息使用者分为两大类：（1）企业内部使用者——经理或小企业的所有者以及企业的雇员。
经理需要会计信息是为了管理、计划、决策和控制；雇员会对长期盈利性、流动性、与其他企业的比较及用于工资谈判的信息感兴趣（2）企业外部使用者——包括股东、银行、财务分析师、政府、税务当局等。
股东需要知道盈利能力管理绩效、股票业绩和未来展望；债权人对盈利能力、流动性、安全性和负债感兴趣；财务分析师对业绩和盈利能力、企业前景感兴趣；贸易伙伴（债权人、债务人、竞争者）对效率、流动性和企业前景感兴趣。
1．4会计信息的局限性（P12）会计信息局限：（1）提供的是定量的信息，对定性信息提供的少，限制了使用范围；（2）技术的变化革新，通货膨胀等因素，不能很好的预测未来；（3）难于精确计量，造成数据过于主观；（4）许多环境因素也会影响会计信息。
中英合作国际财务管理复习笔记(全
中英合作《国际财务管理》复习笔记第一章总论1、国际财务管理是现代财务管理的一个新领域。
把其作为一个专题加以研究始于20世纪50年代。
2、国际财务管理的目标、内容、方法体系尚不成熟。
3、国际财务管理定义的不同观点：（1）视国际财务管理为世界财务管理：（最普遍适用的原理和方法）远离现实，只能作为方向；（2）视国际财务管理为比较财务管理：缺乏实质性内容；（3）视国际财务管理为跨国公司财务管理：不能完全概括国际财务管理的内容。
4、跨国公司的主要内容：（1）由在两个或两个以上国家营业的一组企业组成；（2）是根据资本所有权合同或其它安排建立的共同控制下营业的；（3）各实体退行全球战略时，共享资源和分担责任。
5、国际财务管理研究：一切国际企业在组织财务活动、处理财务关系时所遇到的特殊问题。
6、国际企业指一切超越国境从事生产经营的企业，包括跨国公司、外贸公司、合资公司。
（多选）7、一个国际企业可能不是跨国公司，但任何跨国公司都属于国际企业。
（判断）8、国际财务管理是按国际惯例和国际经济法的有关条款，根据国际企业财务收支的特点，组织国际企业的财务活动，处理国际财务关系的一项经济管理活动。
9、国际财务管理的基本特点：（多选）（1）理财环境的复杂性；（2）资金筹集的可选择性；（3）资金投资的高风险性。
10、国际企业理财环境的复杂性体现在：（1）汇率的变化；（2）外汇的管制程度；（3）通货膨胀和利率的高低；（4）税负的轻重；（5）资本抽回的限制程度；（6）资本市场的完善程度；（7）政治上的稳定程度。
11、筹资选择的方式：（多选）①母公司地主国资金；②子公司东道国资金；③向国际金融机构筹资；④向国际金融市场筹资。
12、国际企业资金投资的风险性分为两大类：（一）经济与经营方面的风险：①汇率变动风险；②利率变动风险；③通货膨胀风险；④经营管理风险；⑤其他经营风险。
（二）上层建筑与政治风险：①政府变动的风险；②政策变动的风险；③战争因素的风险；④法律方面的风险；⑤其他风险。
国际会计(双语)
国际会计(双语)最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：第七章练习题（第七章全球环境下财务报告与信息披露）第一节全球企业合并、商誉和无形资产会计处理第二节全球分部报告信息披露第三节国际信息披露准则第四节公司财务报告信息披露与发展趋势习题1.名词解释1．1企业合并1．2吸收合并1．3创立合并1．4所有权（业主观）理论1．5实体（主体观）理论1．6购买法1．7权益结合法1．8商誉1．9无形资产1．10分部报告1．11分部收入1．12分部费用1．13分部资产1．14分部负债1．15知识经济2.单项选择题2．1赞成将商誉不进行摊销，而将其保留在资产负债表中的观点认为（）。
A 所有的成本都应该成为费用B 商誉是一项资产，它不给企业带来为来的经济利益。
C 对商誉进行摊销会给企业带来压力。
D 商誉的未来价值体现在企业的持续经营中。
E这中做法会使利润虚增。
2．2赞成将品牌作为一项资产而不进行摊销的观点认为（）。
A 品牌在持续经营中很容易增值B 这是一中倾向于保守思想C 这是一种好的市场工具D品牌的价值是保持并通过定期的广告获得的。
E它有助于平滑公司的收益。
2．3国际会计准则对品牌的会计处理要是（）。
A定期进行重估其价值B作为当期发生的费用C根据国际惯例进行计价D不包括以上各项2．4研究与开发费用属于（）。
A在美国是资本化B当企业的研究与开发费用下跌时，其在全球范围内行业中所处的地位也随之下跌。
C 在全球范围内一致要求将研究与开发成本费用化D根据经修订的国际会计准则第9号，分成各部分进行处理。
E 作为一项不能够减免所得税的费用2．5从经济理由考虑，作为投资者其要求的地理分部资料是（）。
A它有助于了解公司对各产品线的所依赖程度B 它有助于了解不同国家劳动力成本C 它有助于了解公司在不同国家和地区进行投资的机会和风险D它有助于公司将利润从高税率国家向低税率国家转移。
(财务会计)国际会计复习资料中英结合版
国际会计复习资料A.Basic Knowledge1.we view accounting as consisting of three broad areas: measurement、[‘meʒəmənt]（计量）disclosure[dis’kləuʒə](披露) and auditing[‘ɔ:ditiŋ]（审计）.2.The three international organization of accounting profession are（International Federation of Accountants;IFAC)（国际会计师联合会）(International Accounting Standards Committee; IASC)（国际会计准则委员会）(International Auditing practice Committee;IAPC) (国际审计实务委员会)3.Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions are（霍夫斯泰德的四个文化层面）：(1)individualism(个人主义）(2)power distance（权力距离）(3)uncertainty avoidance（风险规避）(4)masculinity（阳刚之气）4. The four culture dimensions that affect a nation’s financial reporting practices by Gray refer to?影响一个国家的财务报告的做法的四个层面系指：(1)Professionalism (职业主义维度）(2)Uniformity （统一性维度）(3)conservatism （保守主义维度）(4)Secrecy （保密性维度）5.Accounting standard setting normally involves a combination of private and public sector groups.（会计准则的制定通常涉及结合私营和公共部门的群体。
会计复习资料(中英文对照)
本资料汇总人员：潘汉平、施秋霞会计科目的中英文对照一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets1001 现金Cash1111 应收票据Note receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money存货Inventories1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill二、负债类Liability2111 应付票据Notes payable2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2151 应付工资Accrued wages2171 应交税金Tax payable2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)留存收益Retained earnings产品销售收入Sales revenue产品销售成本Cost of goods sold处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets 5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge5501 营业费用Operating expenses运杂费Transportation保险费Insurance premium广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Administrative expenses5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assetsQuiz #1The balance sheet of V erbeek Company as of December 31,2002, is presented below.V erbeek公司2003年12月31日的资产负债表如下Verbeek companyBalance SheetAs of December 31,2002Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Cash $3900 Accounts payable $2985Accounts receivable 4985 Notes payable 4000Inventory 3300 Total liabilities 6985Office equipment 4800Accum.depr. (1440) Common stock $10000Furniture and fixtures 6600 Retained earnings 2960 12960Accum.depr. (2200) Total liabilities andzTotal assets 19945 stockholders’ Equity $19945The following transactions occur during the month of January 2003.以下是发生在2003年1月的业务Jan. 2 Receives payment of $1230 on accounts receivable. 收回应收账款3Purchases merchandise on account from Weight Co. $2184,2/30,n/60 f.o.b. shipping point(record at gross amount). 从Weight公司赊购商品4Receives an invoice from Ranger, a trade magazine, for advertising, $75.收到贸易杂志公司Ranger发来的广告费发票4 Sells merchandise on account to Sandstrom Co. for $1534,2/10,n/30 f.o.b. shipping point.赊销商品给Sandstrom公司4 Makes a cash sale to Kariya Inc., for $1786.现金销售给Kariya6 Sends a letter to Weight Co., regarding a slight defect in one item of merchandise received.发出信函给Weight公司，告诉对方说收到的商品有缺陷9 purchases merchandise on account from Fleury’s Novelty Company,$651.从Fleury’s Novelty公司赊购商品11 Pays freight on merchandise received from Weight Co., $76.支付从weight公司采购货物的运费11 Receives a credit memo form Weight Co. granting an allowance of $34 on defectivemerchandise(see transaction of January 6 ).收到weight公司同意给予$34折扣的函件15 Receives $600 on account to from Sandstrom Co.收回Sandstrom公司的应收账款19 Sells merchandise on account to Brett Huill,$812,2/10,n/30.赊销商品给Brett Huill公司21 Pays display clerk’s salary of $552.支付员工工资25 Sells merchandise for cash, $2350.现金销售商品27 Purchases office equipment on account,$879(begin depreciating in February ).购买办公设备（2月份开始计算折旧）29 Pays Weight Co. in full of account.全额支付weight公司货款30 Receives a note from Brett Huill in full of account.收到Brett Huill的票据31 A count of the inventory on hand reveals $2640 salable merchandise.月末盘点商品库存余额为$2640Instructions要求(a)Open ledger accounts at January 1,2003. 开2003年1月的账目并编制分录(b)Enter the transactions into ledger accounts. 记账（编制T字帐）(c)Prepare a trial balance after adjusting for depreciation; use 8-year life, straight-line method, and nosalvage for all long-term assets. Interest at 12% on the note payable is due every December 31. 编制调整分录，计提折旧（使用期限8年，直线计提折旧，无残值），应付票据的年利率为12%，编制试算平衡表(d)Prepare a balance sheet and income statement (Ignore income taxes).编制资产负债表和利润表（不考虑所得税）(e)Close the ledger. 结账(f)Take a post-closing trial balance. 编制结账后的试算平衡表Answers to Quiz #1(a) (b) (d)1-2 Cash 1230Accounts Receivable 1230 1-3 Purchases 2184Accounts Payable 2184 1-4 Advertising Expense 75Accounts Payable 75 1-4 Accounts Receivable 1534Sales 1534 1-4 Cash 1786Sales 1786 1-6 No entry1-9 Purchases 651Accounts Payable 651 1-11 Transportation-In 76Cash 76 1-11 Accounts Payable 34Purchases Allowances 34 1-15 Cash 600Accounts Receivable 600 1-19 Accounts Receivable 812Sales 812 1-21 Salary Expense 552Cash 552 1-25 Cash 2350Sales 2350 1-27 Office equipment 879Accounts Payable 879 1-29 Accounts Payable 2150Cash 2107Purchases Discounts 43 1-30 Notes Receivable 812Accounts Receivable 812 1-31-1Cost of Goods Sold 6134Purchase Allowance 34Purchase Discounts 43Purchase 2835Inventory 3300Transportation-In 76 1-31-2Inventory 2640Cost of Goods Sold 2640 1-31-3Income Summary 3494Cost of Goods Sold 3494 1-31Interest Expense 40Interest Payable 40 1-31Sales 6482Income Summary 6842 Income Summary 75Advertising Expense 75 Income Summary 552Salary Expense 552 Income Summary 119Accum.Depr.-Furn.&Fixt. 69Accum.Depr.-Off.Equip. 50 Income Summary 40Interest Expense 40 Income Summary 2202Retained Earnings 2202Notes Receivable1-30 812Furniture and Fixtures Bal. 6600Office EquipmentBal. 4800 1-27 879 Bal. 5679 2-1 5679 Common StockBal. 10000Notes PayableBal. 4000 Interest Payable Advertising Expense1-31 40 1-4 75 1-31- 75Expanations:January 29 2%*($2184-$34)=$43 Purchase DiscountsJanuary 31 Depreciation:Office Equipment $4800Furniture and Fixtures 6600Total $11400($11400/8)*1/12= $119January 31 Interest $4000*12%*1/12=$40V erbeek CompanyAdjusted Trial BalanceJanuary 31,2003Debit Credit Cash 7131Accounts Receivable 4689Notes Receivable 812Inventory 3300Office Equipment 5679Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equip. 1490 Furniture and Fixtures 6600Accumulated Depreciation-Furn.&Fixt. 2269 Accounts Payable 4590 Notes Payable 4000 Interest Payable 40 Common Stock 10000 Retained Earnings 2960 Sales 6482 Purchases 2835Advertising Expense 75Transportation-In 76Salary Expense 552Depreciation Expense 119Interest Expense 40Purchase Allowances 34 Purchase Discounts 4331908 31908 (e)V erbeek CompanyBalance SheetJ a n u a r y31,2003Assets Liabilities and Stockholder’s Equity Cash $7131 Notes payable $4000 Accounts receivable 4689 Accounts payable 4590 Notes receivable 812 Interest payable 40 Inventory 2640 Total liabilities 8630 Office equipment $5679 Common stock 10000Less: Acc.depr. Retained earnings 5162 15162 Off.equip. 1490 4189Furniture & fixtures 6600 Total liabilities andLess: Acc.depr. stockholder’s equity $23792Furn.&fixt. 2269 4331Total assets $23792Beginning balance $2960Net income 2220Ending balance $5162V erbeek CompanyIncome StatementF o r t h e M o n t h E n d e d J a n u a r y31,2003Revenue from sales $6482 Cost of Goods Sold:Inventory, January 1 $3300Purchases $2850Less: Allowances $34Discounts 43 77Net purchases 2758Transportation-In 76Net cost of purchasesCost of goods available for sale 6134Inventory, January 31 2640Cost of goods sold 3494 Gross profit 2988 Expresses:Salary expense 552Advertising expense 75Depreciation expense 119Interest expense 40 786 Net income $2202(f)V erbeek CompanyPost-Closing Trial BalanceJ a n u a r y31,2003Debit Credit Cash 7131Accounts Receivable 4689Notes Receivable 812Inventory 2640Office Equipment 5679Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equip. 1490 Furniture and Fixtures 6600Accumulated Depreciation-Furn.&Fixt. 2269 Accounts Payable 4590 Notes Payable 4000 Interest Payable 40 Common Stock 10000 Retained Earnings 5162 Totals 27551 27551Quiz #2(Adjusting Entries) The accounts listed below appeared in the December 31 trial balance of the Jane Alexander Theater.Jane Alexander电影院在12月31日的科目试算平衡表如下Debit CreditEquipment $192000Accumulated Depreciation of Equipment $60000Notes Payable 90000Admissions Revenue 380000Concessions Revenue 36000Advertising Expense 13680Salaries Expense 57600Interest Expense 1400Instructions要求(a)From the account balances listed above and the information given below prepare the annual adjusting entries necessary on December 31.根据上面给出的试算平衡表和下面的资料，在12月31日编制必要的年度调整分录1.The equipment has an estimated life of 16 years and a trade-in value of $40000 at the end of thattime.(Use straight line method.)设备预计使用年限16年，预计残值40000元，（直线折旧）2.The notes payable is a 90-day note given to the bank October 20 and bearing interest at 10%.(Use 360days for denominator.)10月20日开出90天应付票据给银行，利率为10%（按一年360天计）3.In December 2000 coupon admission books were sold at $25 each; they could be used for admissionany time after January 1. 12月销售2000份预售门票，按每份25元卖出，该门票可以在1月1日后使用4.The concession stand is operated by a concessionaire who pays 10% of gross receipts for the privilegeof selling popcorn, candy, and soft drinks in the lobby. Sales for December were $3470,and the 10% due for December has not yet been received or entered.在大堂卖爆米花，糖果和软饮料的店铺需要支付总收入的10％作为特许权的收费。
会计专业英语复习资料10页word文档
会计专业英语复习资料一、短语中英互译1、会计分录2、投资活动3、后进先出法4、客观性原则5、注册会计师6、权责发生制7、累计折旧8、资产负债表9、经营决策10、银行存款11、到期日12、历史成本13、source document14、nominal rate15、credit sale16、sum-of-years-digits method17、economic entity assumption18、financial position19、fixed assets20、public hearing21、income statement22、sales discount23、value added tax24、trade mark25、bank overdraft二、从下列选项中选出最佳答案1、Generally，revenue is recorded by a business enterprise at a pointwhen ：( )A、Management decides it is appropriate to do soB、The product is available for sale to consumersC、An exchange has taken place and the earning process isvirtually completeD、An order for merchandise has been received2、Why are certain costs capitalized when incurred and then depreciated or amortized over subsequent accounting periods？( )A、To reduce the income tax liabilityB、To aid management in making business decisionsC、To match the costs of production with revenue as earnedD、To adhere to the accounting concept of conservatism3、What accounting principle or concept justifies the use of accruals and deferrals？( )A、Going concernB、MaterialityC、ConsistencyD、Stable monetary unit4、An accrued expense can best be described as an amount ( )A、Paid and currently matched with revenueB、Paid and not currently matched with revenueC、Not paid and not currently matched with revenueD、Not paid and currently matched with revenue5、Continuation of a business enterprise in the absence of contrary evidence is an example of the principle or concept of ( )A、Business entityB、ConsistencyC、Going concernD、Substance over form6、In preparing a bank reconciliation，the amount of checks outstanding would be：( )A、added to the bank balance according to the bank statement.B、deducted from the bank balance according to the bank statement.C、added to the cash balance according to the depositor’s records.D、deducted from the cash balance according to the depositor’srecords.7、Journal entries based on the bank reconciliation are requiredfor：( )A、additions to the cash balance according to the depositor’srecords.B、deductions from the cash balance according to the depositor’srecords.C、Both A and BD、Neither A nor B8、A petty cash fund is ：( )A、used to pay relatively small amounts。
(完整word版)会计专业英语复习单词和句子翻译
(完整word版)会计专业英语复习单词和句子翻译Lession 1Information system 信息系统Modern business 现代企业Financinal position 财务状况Financial data 财务数据Financial strength 财务实力Financial report 财务报告Accounting process 会计过程，会计处理方法Financial accounting 财务会计Decision making 决策Managerial accounting 管理会计Financial executives 财务经理Performance report 业绩报告Cost-benefit data 成本—效益数据Cost accounting 成本会计Tax accounting 税务会计Budgetary accounting 预算会计Governmental and not-for—profit accounting 政府及非营利组织会计Human resources accounting 人力资源会计Environmental accounting 环境会计Social accounting 社会会计International accounting 国际会计Tax returns 纳税申报单Lesson 2Financial statement (report）财务报表（报告) Balance sheet 平衡表，资产负债表Income statement 收益表，损益表Statement of cash flows 现金流量表Owners' equity 业主权益At a glance 一瞥Accounting equation 会计等式,会计平衡式，会计方程式Current asset 流动资产Long—term asset 长期资产Normal operating cycle 正常经营周期Other than 除……外，处了Marketable securities 上市证券,有价证券Accounts receivable 应收帐款Prepaid insurance 预付保险费Supplies on hand 在用物料Fixed assets 固定资产Rather than 而不是Plant and equipment 厂场设备Depreciable asset 应折旧资产Original cost 原始成本Store fixtures 店面装置Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧，累积折旧Book value 账面价值Intangible asset 无形资产Lession3Current liability 流动负债Notes payable 应付票据Accrued salaries payable 应付账款Accured salaries payable 应计未付薪金Income tax payable 应付所得税Property tax payable 应付财产税Mortgage payable 应付抵押借款Bonds payable 应付债券，应付公司券Sole proprietorship 独资State corporation law 州公司法(美国）Capital stock 股本Retained earnings 留存收益，保留盈利Legal restrictions 法律约束Undistributed earnings 未分配收益，未分配盈利Engage in 参与Board of directors 董事会Divedend payable 应付股利Lesson4Merchandising company 商业公司Net income 净收益Net loss 净损失Operating results 经营成果Cost of goods sold 销售成本,商品销售成本Operating expenses 营业费用,经营费用Sales returns and allowances 销货退回及折让Sales discounts 销货（售）折让Gross sales 销货（售）总额Net sales 销货（售)净额Beginning inventory 期初存货Net purchases 购货净额Ending inventory 期末存货Purchases returns and allowances 购货退还及折让Purchases discounts 购货折扣Transportation in 购货运费Transportation out 销货运费Cost of goods available for sale 可供销售的商品成本Gross profit on sales 销货（售）毛利Selling expenses 销货（售）费用Administrative expenses 管理费用Sales salaries expense 销货（售）人员薪金Advertising expenses 广告费Depreciation expense 折旧费Insurance expense 保险费Rent expense 租赁费,租金Office salaries expense 办事人员薪金Utilities expense 公用事业(水、电、热）费Supplies expense 物料用品费Interest expense 利息收益Interest income 利息费用Relate to 与……有关Financial income and expense 财务收益和费用Extraordinary items 非常项目Lession5“two-column" account 两栏式账户Normal balance 正常余额Double—entry bookkeeping system 复式记账法，复式记账系统Source document 原始凭证Check stub 支票存根A set of 一组，一套Records of original entry 原始记录簿Chart of accounts 账户一览表，会计科目表Income summary 收益汇总,损益汇总Control account 控制账户，统驭账户,统制账户Subsidiary ledger 辅助分类账，明细分类账Perpetual inventory system 永续盘存制Lession 6Special journal 特种日记账General journal 普通日记账In consrast to 与此对比，与此相反In addition to 除。
国际会计复习资料
国际会计复习资料一、名词解释：1、国际会计P222、欧盟第4号指令P2653、IOSCO P2544、国际转让价格P5095、外汇市场P4086、汇兑损益P4117、外币交易P4128、现行汇率法P4229、信用风险P44910、金融期权P45911、货币互换P46112、战略经营单位P56913、交易风险P61714、合并财务报表P349二、填空：1、观点，是英国公司法提出的对公司财务会计和报告要求的指导思想。
P53真实和公允2、2002年7月，国会通过了《萨班斯-奥克斯莱法案》。
P97美国3、作为法国-西班牙-意大利会模式的基本特征。
P124服从税制需要4、法国财务会计和报告的核心是全国会计法典：。
P126会计总方案5、在法国，会计职业可分为和两种。
职业会计师、注册审计师P1336、对荷兰会计起着最主要、最直接影响的是荷兰的和。
P144公司法、会计职业团体7、三法体制是指在日本在会计领域主要有三部法律约束着企业的会计行为，这三部法律即为、和。
P153《商法》、《证券交易法》《法人税法》8、新加坡的会计准则由新加坡注册会计师协会下属的制定并对外公布。
P188会计准则委员会9、挪威和瑞典只允许使用资产负债表格式。
P195水平式10、是复式簿记的发源地。
P197意大利11、衡量实质性协调和协调化的统计方法最早是由提出的。
P251范塔斯12、致力于国际会计协调的国际组织主要分为和两大类：和。
P254政府类和职业类13、合并会计报表最早出现于。
P350美国14、在实务中，常用的财务报告分析方法有、、和。
P392比较分析、趋势分析、结构分析和比率分析15、是指将以某一外币表示的财务报表折算为另一种特定货币表示的财务报表的会计处理程序。
P418外币财务报表折算16、是指因交易的对方无法履行合同而造成己方财务上的损失。
P449信用风险17、跨国公司运用转移价格的一个重要作用是减轻或逃避各种税收。
主要包括、、三种。
国际会计综合复习资料
Comprehensive Exercise (2015)A. Complete the following sentences1.We view accounting as consisting of three broad areas: (measurement)、(disclosure) and (auditing). (Measurement)is the process of identifying, categorizing, and quantifying economic activities or transactions. (Disclosure) focuses on issues such as what is to be reported, when ,by what means, and to whom.2. Double-entry originates in the (Italy ) city states.3. Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions are: (individualism vs. collectivism) , (high power distance vs.low power distance),(high uncertainty avoidance vs low uncertainty avoidance ) and (masculinity vs. femininity).4. The four culture dimensions that affect a nation’s financial repor ting practices by Gray refer to ( professionalism vs. statutory control),(uniformity vs. flexibility), (conservatism vs. optimism ) and (secrecy vs. transparency).5. In the countries that the sources of finance mainly rely on the (Capital market or equity market),such as US and UK. Disclosure are extensive to meet the requirements of widespread public ownership.6.In the countries that the sources of finance mainly rely on the (banks or credit system ),such as Japan and Switzerland. In order to protect the creditor, extensive public disclosure are not considered necessary.7.The legal system of Western world can be considered two different types, one is (code law or civil law) and the other is (common law or case law).8. In (code law or civil law) countries, laws are an all-embracing. Accounting standards and procedures are incorporated into national laws.9.Accounting standard setting normally involves a combination of (private) and (public) sector groups. The (private) sector includes the accounting profession and other groups affected by the financial reporting process. The (public )sector includes such agencies as tax authorities. ministries responsible for commercial law, and securities commissions.10.One key distinction in financial reporting is weather accounting is oriented toward (a fair presentation) of financial position and results of operations or toward (compliance withlegal )requirements and tax laws.11.Accounting in the United States is regulated by a private sector body (the Financial Accounting Standards board, or FASB), but a governmental agency (the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC)underpins the authority of its standards. SEC have right to supervise and revise to the standard finally .12.The accounting “（the true and fair）” view appear in United Kingdom（companies law）(1948) first.13.In France, large companies must also prepare documents relating to ( the prevention of business bankruptcies) and (a social report).14.The following three exchange rates can be used to translate foreign currency balances to domestic currency. they are （current rate.），（historical rate ）and（average rate）15. In France ,Business expenses are deductible for tax purpose only if they are (fully booked) and reflected in annual financial statements.16. In France, CNCC is a professional society composed of certified public auditors. Administered by ( Ministry of Justice).17. A feature of French accounting is the dichotomy between (individual company) financial statements and those for the （consolidated）group.18.Conservative（balance sheet ）valuations are central to (creditor protection). This creates a tendency to undervalue(低估) assets and overvalue liabilities19. （Certified public accountants）in Germany are called WPs. Or (enterprise examiners ).20. In German, the second-tier（二级）body of auditors is named( Book Examiners), who are only allowed to audit small and medium-sized companies21. There are two classification auditors in Japan. One engaged in (statutory audit), the other engaged in (independent ) audit.22. One of the accounting paradoxes(悖论）in ( Netherlands) is that it is a code law country but it’s accounting is oriented toward fair presentation.23.The Dutch flexibility toward accounting measurements may be most evident in permitting the use of ( current value )for tangible assets such as inventory and depreciable assets.24.The majority countries in the world use the direct quote . except (U.K. or British) and ( U.S. or America ).25.There are two accounting treatments for foreign currency transaction ,one is(single-transaction ) perspective and the other is( two-transaction ) perspective.26. In a (direct quote ), the exchange rate specifies the number of domestic currency units needed to acquire a unit of foreign currency.27.Under a ( deferral ) method ,translation gains and losses are listed on the balance sheet. It is regarded as a single item ”“Translation adjustment”, list at the part of “owner’s equity”. 28.Under (No deferral ) method translation gains and losses are listed on the income statement. It is regarded as ”“Tr anslation gains or losses”,list after “management expenses”.29.There are four methods can be used in foreign currency translation. They are(current rate ) method, (current-noncurrent) method,(monetary-nonmonetary) method and (temporal )method.30. Use ( current )rate to translate statement items should not give rise to translation gains or losses, so it can preserves the original cost equivalent of a foreign currency item in the reporting currency.31. Exchange gains and losses can be divided two parts :( translation ) gains and losses and (transaction ) gains and losses.32. Under ( current rate ) method all foreign assets and liabilities translated at the current rate. But except for the items owner’s equity.33. Under (current rate ) method ,the consolidated statements preserve the original financial statement relationships such as financial ratios.34. (monetary-nonmonetary ) method views monetary assets and liabilities exposed to exchange rate risk.35.Under(temporal ) method, foreign currency balances at historical cost are translated at historical rates, and foreign currency balances at current cost or market value are translated at the current rate.36.A subsidiary company perspective requires the ( current rate ) translation method in order to preserve relationship exiting in the foreign currency statements.37. General price level change refers to a movement in the prices of all goods and services in an economy on average. Positive price movement is termed ( inflation ). Negative price movement is called ( deflation ).38 .Holding gain refers to the (increase) in the current cost of a nonmonetary asset.39. An excessive rate of inflation as when the general level of prices in an economy increases by more than 25 percent per annum is called( hyperinflation ).40. Inflation is the increase in the general level of prices of all ( goods ) and (services) in an economy.41. Accounting for the financial statement effects of general price-level changes is called the (Historical cost-constant purchasing power )model.42. GPL is a cost ratio that compares the cost of a basket of goods in the current period with the cost of that same basket in a (base or prior ) period.43. Purchasing power gain or loss is the difference between the net monetary items measured by (constant purchasing power currency) unit with the net monetary items measured by (nominal currency) unit.44. Under general price level accounting, net income is the sum of the two numbers ,one is adjusted operating income ,the other is ( purchasing power gain or loss ).45.Current cost-based net income include two parts, one is (realized income,)the other is (unrealized holding gains. )46. At present, primary derivative financial instruments may be classified into following categories: (futures contract),(option contract),(forward contract )and (swap contract).47. The recognition of derivative financial instruments can be mainly divided into three phases: (initial recognition),(subsequent recognition) and (de- recognition).48. Accounting for the financial statement effects of general price-level changes is calledthe(historical cost-constant purchasing power) model. Accounting for specific price changes is referred to as the (current cost )model49. Under the ( European ) options , the buyer will make a choice at the end of time. Under the (American ) options , the buyer will make a choice before the end of time.50.( Exercise Price ) means the trading price of a option contract that both sidesagreement.(Exercise Value )is the profit get by the buyer. It is a intrinsic value of a option.51.( Interest rate swap ) means the exchange of the debts which use the same currency at different interest rate.52. The three types of hedging are:( fair value hedging),( cash flow hedging ) and hedging for a firm’s net investment of overseas operating .53. (Tax neutrality) means that taxes have no effect on resource allocation decisions. If taxes influence the allocation of resources ,the result will probably be less than optimal. 54.( Taxes equity) means that taxpayers who are similarly situated should pay the same tax55. The government of the host country levy taxes on the benefit from (dividend),( interest )and (royalty payments) that gained by foreign investor is called ( withholding tax ).56.The principles on the income from a foreign country Including (territorial) principle, (person) principle and ( world ) principle.57. The method of avoidance of international double taxation usually consist of( tax deductions), (tax credit ), (tax exemption.) and (bilateral tax treaties).58. There are two basic tax administration systems in the world ,one is (classical ) system ,the other is(integrated) system.59.The countries or areas those with few natural resources offer permanent tax inducements fora business. They are called(Tax havens).60.(Bilateral Tax treaties) refers to the agreements between countries on taxation of income and withholding taxesB. Choose the Correct Answer for Each Item Below1. In general ,which of the following items is not the basic characteristic of Fair Presentation Accounting?( d )a. with a common law legal systemb. shareholders as the principal source of finance.c. auditors exercise more judgment and auditing profession tends to be more development and self-regulated .d. the public sector is relatively more influential in standards setting.2.In which country the financial accounting and taxation are separated? (b)a. Germanyb. United Kingdomc. Japand. France3. In general ,which of the following items is not the basic characteristic of Legal Compliance Accounting?(c)a. have a code law legal systemb. rely heavily on banks and the governments as sources of finance.c. the private sector is relatively more influential in standards setting.d. have a close linkage between financial and tax accounting.4.In the chapter of” Comparative Accounting”, what are the three areas that we have compared? (abc)a. accounting regulation and enforcementb. financial reportingc. accounting measurements.d. disclosure5.Which is the most important accounting regulation of France? (a)a. PCGb. Code de Commercec. Accounting actd. Company Law6. In France, which organization has real regulatory power. ( b)a. CNC (National Accounting Board)b. CRC (Accounting Regulation Committee)c. AMF (Financial Markets Authority)d. OEC (Institute of Public Accountants)7.In which country the legal permit the professional accountant's on-the-job condition is the same as certified accountant. So, more than 85 certified accountants are the certified public auditor at the same time . (a)a. Franceb. Germanyc. Japand. Netherland8.In France, besides basic financial reporting such as balance sheet and income statement, large companies must also prepare documents relating to (ab )a. the prevention of business bankruptciesb. social reportc. cash flow statementd. selected quarterly data9. A leading Japanese scholar refers to Japan Accounting regulation as a “triangular legal system”. Which one of the following is not belong to the system? ( d )a. Commercial Codeb. Securities and Exchange Lawc. Corporate Income Tax Lawd. Civil Law10. In Japan, the financial statements and supporting schedules of small and medium-sized companies are subject to audit only by (a ).a. Statutory Auditorsb. Independent Auditorc. Enterprise Examinerd. Book Examiner11. In Japan, the financial statements of publicly held companies must be audited in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Law by ( ab ).a. Statutory Auditorsb. Independent Auditorc. Enterprise Examinerd. Book Examiner12. In Japan, ( a )do not need any particular professional qualifications and are employed by the company on a full-time basis.a. Statutory Auditorsb. Independent Auditorc. Enterprise Examinerd. Book Examiner13. Which one of the following reporting is the unique to Japan? ( d )a. balance sheetb. income statementc. cash flow statementd. proposal for appropriation of retained earnings14. (c ) is the important accounting regulation of Netherlands.a. Commercial Codeb. Tax Lawc. Civil Coded. Securities and Exchange Law15. The first country to develop an accountancy profession is ( c ).a. Franceb. Germanyc. United Kingdomd. United State16. The “true and fair view” begin to appear first in ( c) Companies Law (1948)a. Franceb. Germanyc. United Kingdomd. United State17.In Britain ,( b ) is empowered to issue accounting Standards.a. Financial Reporting Councilb. Accounting Standards Boardc. Financial Reporting Review Paneld. Urgent Issues Task Force18. Which one of the following foreign currency translation method belongs to single rate method( a )a. current rate methodb. current-noncurrent methodc. monetary-nonmonetary methodd. temporal method19. what methods belong to Multiple rate methods.( bcd )a. current rate methodb. current-noncurrent methodc. monetary-nonmonetary methodd. temporal method20.Under( d ) , foreign currency balances at historical cost are translated at historical rates, and foreign currency balances at current cost or market value are translated at the current rate.a. current rate methodb. current-noncurrent methodc. monetary-nonmonetary methodd. temporal method21. ( c) method views monetary assets and liabilities exposed to exchange rate risk.a. Current rate methodb. Current-noncurrent methodc. Monetary-nonmonetary methodd. Temporal method22 Under( bcd)method, depreciation, amortization charges at historical rates in effect whenrelated assets are acquired.a. current rate methodb. current-noncurrent methodc. monetary-nonmonetary methodd. temporal method23.Under( a )method, depreciation, amortization charges at current rates .a. current rate methodb. current-noncurrent methodc. monetary-nonmonetary methodd. temporal method24.Functional currency can be the( abc ) currency.a. parentb. localc. another foreignd. any25. Generally we select the (b) currency as functional currency when sales market of a subsidiary company is largely in the host country and denominated in local currency.a. parentb. localc. another foreignd. any26..( a ) belongs to monetary assets .a. cashb. inventoryc. equipmentd. land27.( b ) belongs to nonmonetary assets.a. cashb. inventoryc. accounts receivabled. notes receivable28. ( d ) will bring purchasing gains during a period of inflation.a. cashb. inventoryc. accounts receivabled. accounts payable29. ( ac ) will bring purchasing loss during a period of inflation.a. cashb. inventoryc. accounts receivabled. accounts payable30. ( b ) will bring holding gains during a period of inflation.a. cashb. inventoryc. accounts receivabled. accounts payable31. During a period of price changes, assets recorded at their original acquisition costs resulting in an overstatement in reported income. This will not lead to( d).a. higher taxesb. higher dividendsc. higher wagesd. underestimate income32. Accounting for the financial statement effects of general price-level changes is called the ( a )model.a. historical cost-constant purchasing powerb. historical cost-nominal purchasing powerc. current cost-constant purchasing powerd. current cost- nominal purchasing power33. During inflation, a firm holding monetary assets experiences a ( a ).a .purchasing power loss b. purchasing power gain c. holding loss d. holding gain34. Current cost-based net income generally include three items. They are(abc )a. current cost-based operating incomeb. realized holding gainsc. unrealized holding gainsd. unrealized operating income35. Under current cost accounting model,( c ) need to adjusted from historical cost to current cost.a. cashb. accounts receivablec. inventoryd. short-term debt36. (abc ) belongs to basis financial instruments.a. common stockb. corporate bondsc. accounts receivabled. bonds option investment37. ( d) belongs to derivative financial instruments.a. common stockb. corporate bondsc. accounts receivabled. bonds option investment38.( a ) is regarded as a standardized forward contract.a. futures contractb. option contractc. swap contractd. commodity contract39. ( c )refers to the account treatment for a financial instruments at the settlement date.a .Initial recognitionb .Subsequent recognitionc. De-recognitiond. Accounting recognition40. According to the choice of the initial recognition time point ,there are two accounting model use for dealing with derivative financial instruments .(ab)a. transaction date accountingb. settlement date accountingc. initial date accountingd. subsequent date accounting41. Under the ( b) options , the buyer will make a choice before the end of time.a. Europeanb. Americanc. calld. put42. Withholding tax refers to the tax imposed on ( abc ) to foreign investors.a. dividendb. interestc. royaltyd. operating earnings43. ( a) is called border tax.a. Customs dutiesb. Export dutiesc. Withholding taxd. Corporate tax44. A company operating abroad encounters a variety of taxes, which is not one of them?( d )a. corporate income taxb. withholding taxc. Border taxd. business tax45.What are the important factors that can affect the tax burden of a business?( abc )a. tax ratesb. taxable incomec. social overhead costsd. economic level46.The principles on the income from a foreign country of China is ( c )a. territorial principleb. person principlec. world principled. source jurisdiction principle47. In ( a ) ,businesses that purchase real estate may get tax preference from 6% to10% at the year of purchasea. Americab. Englandc. Germany D. China48. Under( a ), Corporate income is taxed twice.a. classical systemb. integrated systemc. tax-split Systemd. tax- credit system49. The complicating Variables that affect the International Transfer Pricing including (abcd).a. tax considerationsb. tariff considerationsc. competitive factorsd. environmental risks50.OECD identifies several broad methods of ascertaining an arm’s-length price. Theyare(abcd )a. comparable uncontrolled price methodb. comparable uncontrolled transaction methodc. resale price methodd. cost-plus pricing methodC. Explain to the Concepts1. International accountingInternational accounting is a area of accounting which study on how to treatment specific accounting practice of a multinational company or how to provide information of an entity to non-domestic readers2.GoodwillGoodwill is capitalized as the difference between fair value of the consideration given in the exchange and the fair values of the underlying net assets acquired.4.direct quoteThe exchange rate specifies the number of domestic currency units needed to acquire a unit of foreign currency.5.indirect quoteThe exchange rate specifies the price of a unit of the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency.6.current rateThe exchange rate in effect at the relevant financial statement date.7.functional currencyThe primary currency in which an entity does business and generates and spends cash. It is usually the currency of the country where the entity is located and thecurrency in which the books of record are maintained8.historical rateThe foreign exchange rate that prevailed when a foreign currency asset or liability was first acquired or incurred.9.monetary itemsObligations to pay or rights to receive a fixed number of currency units in the future.10.settlement dateThe date on which a payable is paid or a receivable is collected.11. general price level changeRefers to a movement (change) in the prices of all goods and services in an economy on average.12. specific price changeRefers to the movement (a change) in the price of a specific good or service caused by changes in demand and supply.13. general purchasing power equivalentsCurrency amounts that have been adjusted for changes in the general level of prices.14. specific price change.The change in the price of specific commodity, such as inventory or equipment.15. holding gainIncrease in the current cost of a nonmonetary asset.16. hyperinflationAn excessive rate of inflation as when the general level of prices in an economy increases by more than 25 percent per annum.17. purchasing powerThe general ability of a monetary unit to command goods and services.18. monetary gainsIncrease in general purchasing power that occur when monetary liabilities are held during a period of inflation.19. monetary lossesDecreases in general purchasing power that occur when monetary assets are held during a period of inflation.20.GPLGPL is a cost ratio that compares the cost of a basket of goods in the current period with the cost of that same basket in a prior or base period.D. Answer the questions below1. What factors are contributing to the importance of international accounting as a field of study?Growth and spread of multinational operationsGlobal competitionCross-border mergers and acquisitionsInternationalization of capital markets2.What are the major influence factors of the accounting pattern?1) sources of finance2)legal system3)taxation4)political and economic ties5)inflation6)level of economic development7)education level8)culture3. How many components are included in a typical annual financial report of a large U.S. corporations? What are they?A typical annual financial report of a large U.S. corporation includes the following components:(1)report of management(2)report of independent auditors(3)Primary financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows,statement of comprehensive income, and statement of stockholders’equity)(4)management discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition(5)notes to financial statements(6)five-or ten-year comparison of selected financial data(7)selected quarterly data.4 .Please explain the main contents of the Director’s reports in British.The director’s report addresses principal business activities, review of operations and likely developments, important post-balance sheet events, recommended dividends, names of the directors and their shareholdings, and political and charitable contributions.5.British financial reporting generally include 7 parts, what are they?(1)Director’s report(2)Profit and loss account and balance sheet(3)cash flow statement(4)Statement of total recognized gains and losses(5)Statements of accounting policies(6)Notes that are referenced to the financial statements(7)Auditor’s report6. Fluctuating exchange rates cause several major issues in accounting for foreign currency translation, what are they?(1)Which exchange rate should be used to translate foreign currency balances to domesticcurrency?(2)Which foreign currency assets and liabilities are exposed to exchange rate changes?(3)How should translation gains and losses be accounted for?E. Judgment of the item below is false or true1. Domestic accounting is an information specialty providing information about a firm to users of that information as a basis for economic decisions. √2. International accounting is a branch of accounting. It resolves the specific accounting practice of a multinational company or providing information of an entity to non-domestic readers.√3.Accounting can be divided into three broad areas : measurement ,disclosure and auditing. √4.In the history of accounting ,double-entry originates in the British city states. ×5.In the history of accounting, Dutch enhance periodic income measurement.√6. Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions are: Professionalism vs. statutory control, Uniformity vs. flexibility, conservatism vs. optimism and Secrecy vs. transparency .×7. In the countries that the sources of finance mainly rely on the banks, such as US and UK. Disclosure are extensive to meet the requirements of widespread public ownership.×8.The legal system of Western world can be considered two different types, one is code law and the other is civil law. ×9.In most common law countries, accounting rules are establish by private-sector professional organizations.√10.In Sweden and Germany, financial accounting is separated from tax accounting.×11.In Netherlands, tax legislation determine accounting standard.×12. Accounting in Sweden developed from the microeconomic approach. ×13. Accounting developed from macroeconomic approach in the Netherlands.×14. Accounting developed as independent discipline in the U.K and the U.S.√15.Under Uniform approach, Accounting is standardized by central government and used as a tool for administrative control. Japan is the example.×16. The private sector who set the accounting standards includes the accounting profession and other groups affected by the financial reporting process. √17.The accounting practice emphasize Fairness and Substance over Form when the orientations of accounting is compliance with legal requirements .×18. When the orientations of accounting is compliance with legal requirements, financial and tax accounting are unified that there will be no deferred tax .√19.In France, a company whose employee exceed 300 peoples should be considered a large company. It has more disclosure obligation.√20.In Germany, auditor must report to the state prosecutor all criminal acts that they find in the course of auditing. √21. In Britain, more than 85 certified accountants are the certified public auditor at the same time ×22. Creditor protection is a fundamental concern of German accounting .√23. British accounting is designed to compute a prudent income amount that leaves creditors unharmed after distributions are made to owners. ×24.In Germany, WPs and Book Examiner are legally sanctioned to conduct independent audit examinations of companies.√25. In Japan, the commercial Code is administered by the Ministry of finance.×26.In America, expenses can be claimed for tax purposes only if they are fully booked.×27. In Japan ,both statutory and independent auditors must audit large corporations. √28. In the Netherlands, independent auditors may complain to the enterprise chamber if it believes that a company’s financial statements don’t conform to applicable law. ×29.In a indirect quote, the exchange rate specifies the number of domestic currency units needed to acquire a unit of foreign currency.×30.Domestic currency equivalents are obtained by multiplying foreign currency balances by direct。
国际会计复习资料 2
Chapter 1:What is International Accounting?Domestic accounting: an information specialty providing information about a firm to users of that information as a basis for economic decisions.International accounting (defined): same as above except that the firm being reported on is a multinational company with operations and transactions that cross national boundaries or an entity with reporting obligations to non-domestic readers.What Does International Accounting Diversity Entail? Measurement principlesFinancial disclosure (corporate transparency)Auditing practicesContributing Factors●Accounting’s international heritageDouble-entry originates in the Italian city states. Bookkeeping spreads to Germany and assists the spread of capitalism.Dutch enhance income measurement.French use accounting for governmental planning and control.Double entry assists the British in managing and controlling commercial interests in the colonies.Accounting plays a major role in the U.S. industrial revolution.●Paradox of international accountingIn many countries, accounting remains a nationalistic affair. Accounting serves people and institutions whose decisions are international in scope.Accounting diversity creates a demand for harmonization.●Growth and spread of multinational operations●Reporting issues when business transcends nationalboundariesConsolidation of foreign accountsAccounting for foreign currency fluctuationsAccounting for changing pricesInternational planning and controlPerformance evaluation of foreign operationsFinancial risk managementInternational taxation and transfer pricing●Financial innovationIdentifying potential market risksQuantifying trade-offs associated with alternative risk reduction strategiesMeasuring risk exposures Accounting for specific hedge productsEvaluating the effectiveness of hedging programs●Global competitionCompetitive benchmarking necessitates international comparisons.●Cross-border mergers and acquisitionsCorporate valuation is a function of accounting measurements that vary from country to country.●Internationalization of capital marketsRaising external finance abroad means that financial reports must increasingly travel internationally.●Reporting issues associated with internationalizationof capital marketsHow to analyze and interpret foreign accounts?How to report to foreign readers?How to harmonize reporting standards internationally?Some questions in chapter 1:1.explain how international accounting differs from purely domestic accounting.In the domestic case, accounting is an information service that provides financial information about a domestic entity to domestic users of that information. International accounting is distinctive in that the entity being reported on is either a multinational company with operations and transactions that transcend national boundaries or involves an entiiy with reporting obligations to readers who are located outside the reporting entity’s country of domicile.2.what contemporary factors are contributing to the internationalization of the subject of accounting.Factors contributing to the internationalization of the subject of accounting include: the growth and spread of multinational operations around the world, the phenomenon of global competition, the increasing number of cross-border mergers and acquisitions that occur almost daily, continued advances in information technology, and the internationalization of the world’s capital markets.3.describe how foreign direct-investment activities differ from international trade and the implications of this difference for accounting.International trade involves importing and exporting activities.The major accounting issue associated with foreign trade involves accounting for foreign currency transactions. Foreign direct investment, on the other hand, involves conducting operations abroad. This activity exposes accountants to a new set of issues that run thegamut from having to consolidate foreign currency accounts based on diverse measurement rules to issues of evaluating the performance of foreign subsidiary managers.Chapter 2:Why Study Development and Classification?●DevelopmentHelps understand a nation’s accounting.Explains the differences and similarities in accounting around the world.●ClassificationHelps understand why and how national accounting systems differ.Helps analyze whether these systems are converging or diverging.Are a way of viewing the world.--Reveals what group members have in common, and what distinguishes groups from each other.Development●Sources of finance----Equity marketsProfits measure how well managers have run the company. Accounting is used to assess cash flows, risks, and to value the firm.Extensive disclosures.-----BanksConservative earnings for creditor protection.Less extensive disclosures.●Legal system---Code lawLaws are all-embracing.Accounting tends to be prescriptive and procedural. Accounting focuses on legal form.Accounting standards and procedures are incorporated into national laws.---Common lawLaws develop on a case-by-case basis.Accounting develops from experience and judgment. Accounting tends to be flexible, adaptive, and innovative. Accounting focuses on economic substance.Accounting rules are established by private sector professional organizations.●TaxationMust companies record revenues and expenses in their accounts to claim them for tax purposes?Are financial accounting and taxation the same? Or are they different?●Political and economic tiesAccounting ideas and technologies are transferred through conquest, commerce, and other forces.●InflationInflation distorts historical cost measurements.Countries with high inflation often require that companies incorporate price changes into the accounts.●Level of economic developmentAffects the types of transactions and which ones are most prevalent in the economy which, in turn,Affects the accounting issues that are faced.●Educational levelAffects the capability for professional accounting training. Where education levels are low, countries import accounting training or send citizens elsewhere to get it. SUMMARYSeveral variables are closely associated.---Common law legal system, strong equity markets, and separation of financial and tax accounting.---Code law legal system, credit-based financing, and accounting rules that conform to tax law.Result is two basic orientations of accounting.--Fair presentation--Legal compliance●CultureCulture (Hofstede)Individualism vs. collectivismPower distance – high vs. lowUncertainty avoidance – high vs. lowMasculinity vs. femininityAccounting values (Gray)Professionalism vs. statutory controlUniformity vs. flexibilityConservatism vs. optimismSecrecy vs. transparencyClassification●Four approaches to accounting development (Mueller1967)---Macroeconomic approachAccounting derived from and designed to enhance national macroeconomic goals.Example: Sweden---Microeconomic approachAccounting derived from microeconomics.Maintaining physical capitalSeparation of capital and incomeReplacement costsExample: the Netherlands---Independent discipline approachAccounting derived from business practices, judgment, and trial-and-error.Examples: U.K. and U.S.---Uniform approachAccounting is standardized by central government and used as a tool for administrative control.Example: France●Legal systems: common law vs. code law accounting ---Common law accountingOriented toward fair presentation, transparency, and full disclosureSeparation between tax and financial accounting Accounting standard setting in private sectorParallels stockholder model of corporate governance---Code law accountingLegalistic orientation, opaque with low disclosure Alignment between tax and financial accounting Accounting standard setting in public sectorParallels stakeholder model of corporate governance●Practice systems: fair presentation versus legalcompliance accounting--Why national accounting distinctions are becoming blurredImportance of stock markets as a source of finance is growing.Dual financial reporting is becoming more common, particularly where duality is sanctioned.Some code law countries are shifting responsibility for accounting standard setting to the private sector.---Fair presentation accountingSubstance over form.Oriented toward decision needs of external investors. Helps judge managerial performance and predict future cash flows and profitabilityExtensive disclosuresIFRS are aimed at fair presentation.Found in U.K., U.S., Netherlands and countries influenced by them.The trend for consolidated financial statements.----Legal compliance accountingDesigned to satisfy government-imposed requirements, such as: Calculating taxable incomeComplying with macroeconomic planConservative measurementsIncome smoothingWill persist in code law countries for individual-company financial statementsSome questions:1.the chapter identifies seven economic,sociohistorical,and institutional factors believed to influence accounting development.explain how each one affects accounting practice.Sources of finance. Where capital markets/shareholders are the principal source of finance, accounting focuses on profitability, stewardship, and a fair presentation of results and financial position. There are high levels of disclosure in published financial statements. When banks are the principal source of finance, accounting tends to be conservative and disclosures are usually relatively low (banks have direct access to information). When governments are the principal source of finance, accounting is aimed at the information needs of government agencies such as tax collection, assembling macroeconomic statistics, or compliance with macroeconomic goals.Legal system. Accounting in code law countries tends to be highly prescriptive, detailed, and procedural, designed to cover every possible circumstance. Accounting standards are a part of national laws. Accounting in common law countries is more adaptive and innovative and tends to allow more judgment to suit the circumstance. Accounting standards are set in the private sector.Taxation. This tends to parallel the legal system. In common law countries (where accounting standards are set by the accounting profession), accounting and taxation are separate. In code law countries (where accounting standards are national laws), accounting and taxation are essentially the same.Political and economic ties. Accounting technology and expertise is imported and exported based on the contacts that nations have with each other through commerce, conquest, etc.Inflation. Historical cost accounting is the basis for initially recording transactions around the world. Inflation puts stress on the historical cost principle. Where inflation is high, accounting adjusts recorded amounts to reflect price level changes.Level of economic development. This factor defines the difficulty and types of the accounting issues that are faced in a nation. Accounting is complex where business transactions are complex (in highly developed economies); it is simpler where transactions are simpler (in less developed countries).Education levels. This factor defines the limits of accounting sophistication in a nation. Accounting cannot get very sophisticated where education levels are relatively low (unless the country imports accounting training or its citizens are sent elsewhere for it).2.how do cultural values influence accounting?Culture underlies institutional and other arrangements in a nation that directly affect accounting development. Individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are likely to be the most important influences. Individualism, small power distance, and weak uncertainty avoidance tend to be correlated with and found in common law countries with fair presentation accounting. There is a strong accounting profession, accountants rely on professional judgment, and capital markets are the principal source of finance. Collectivism, large power distance, and strong uncertainty avoidance tend to be correlated with and found in code law countries with legal compliance accounting. The profession is relatively weak - accounting is influenced by law, instead. Accounting is more conservative and prescriptive, and banks and governments are the principal sources of finance.3.what is the major accounting classifications in the world? The chapter discusses three major accounting classifications. The first is the one by Mueller(1967):∙Macroeconomic approach, whereaccounting practice is designed toenhance macroeconomic goals;∙Microeconomic approach, whereaccounting develops from theprinciples of microeconomics;∙Independent discipline approach,where accounting develops frombusiness practices based on judgmentand trial-and-error; and∙Uniform approach, where accountingis standardized so it can be used as atool of administrative control bycentral government.The second classification is the one based on legal systems, which closely parallels the third classification based on practice systems. Generally speaking, the features of common law accounting (legal system) are those described for fair presentation accounting (practice system). The features of code law accounting (legal system) are those described for legal compliance accounting (practice system).Fair presentation (common law) emphasizes substance over form and is oriented toward the decision needs of external investors. Thus, it is capital markets oriented. Financial statements help investors judge managerial performance and predict future cash flows and profitability. Extensive disclosures provide additional relevant information for these purposes.Legal compliance (code law) accounting is designed to satisfy government-imposed requirements such as calculating taxable income or complying with the national government’s macroeconomic plan. The income amount may also be the basis for dividends paid to shareholders and bonuses paid to employees. Conservative measurements ensure that prudent amounts are distributed and smooth income brings stable tax, dividend and bonus payouts.As noted above, fair presentation accounting is associated with common law countries, while legal compliance accounting is associated with code law countries. However, many companies from code law countries now follow International Financial Reporting Standards in their consolidated financial statements. IFRS are based on the principles of fair presentation.4.Why national accounting distinctions are becoming blurredImportance of stock markets as a source of finance is growing.Dual financial reporting is becoming more common, particularly where duality is sanctioned.Some code law countries are shifting responsibility for accounting standard setting to the private sector.Chapter 3:IFRS in the European UnionStarting in 2005, all EU-listed companies must follow IFRS in their consolidated financial statements.Generally, IFRS consolidated statements are permitted for non-listed companies.Requirements for individual company financial statements vary – IFRS may be required, allowed, or prohibited.IFRS are based on fair presentation principlesFrance●Overview---“The Plan” – national uniform chart of accounts (national accounting code)Objectives and principles of financial reporting Definitions of elementsRecognition and valuation rulesStandardized chart of accountsModel financial statements--Other influences on French accounting rules Commercial legislation (Code de Commerce)Tax laws●Accounting regulation and enforcement---CNC – National Accounting BoardKeeps plan currentMakes rulings and recommendations on accounting issues ---CRC – Accounting Regulation CommitteeConverts CNC rulings and recommendations into binding regulations---AMF – Financial Markets AuthoritySupervises securities markets.---OEC – Institute of Public AccountantsRepresents the accounting profession.Members prepare financial statements, and provide tax, information systems, and management advisory services.---CNCC – National Institute of Statutory Auditors Members audit and give an opinion on financial statements. Must report criminal acts to the High Council of External Auditors.Substantial overlap in OEC and CNCC membership. Statutory auditors not allowed to provide accounting services to the same client.AMF oversees audits of listed companies, but relies on a committee of the CNCC to conduct audit-quality reviews.●Unusual features of French financial reportingMust report results of environmental activitiesReports aimed at preventing bankruptciesSocial reportGermany ●Overview---Creditor protectionConservative balance sheet valuationsReserves as protection against unforeseen risks and insolvencyAccounting is designed to compute a prudent income amount that leaves creditors unharmed after distributions are made to owners---Influence of tax lawDetermination principle: taxable income is determined by what is boo ked in a company’s financial records---Reliance on statutes and court decisions●Accounting regulation and enforcement---German Commercial Code (HGB)Applies to all business entities---German Accounting Standards BoardDevelops recommendations for consolidated financial statements---Financial Reporting Enforcement PanelEnforces compliance with German financial reporting requirements and IFRS by listed companies---Chamber of AccountantsOversees WPs (“enterprise examiners”)●Unusual features of German financial reporting Auditor’s private report to board of directors and supervisory board on company’s future prospectsCzech Republic●OverviewAccounting changed directions several times in 20th century, reflecting the country’s political historyUntil end of World War II – German influencesAfter World War II – Soviet influencesAfter 1989 – EU influences (market orientation)●Accounting regulation and enforcementMinistry of FinanceOversees Commercial Code (modeled on German commercial law)Oversees Accountancy Act (based on EU directives) Chamber of AuditorsOversees auditors●Unusual features of Czech financial reportingForm over substance still applies in some casesStill implementing accounting practices consistent with EU directives and IFRSThe Netherlands●OverviewAccounting paradoxesPermissive requirements, but high professional practice standardsCode law country whose accounting is oriented toward fair presentationFair presentation orientation developed without a strong stock market●Other influences on Dutch accountingU.K. and U.S. as much as continental European countries Accounting professionBusiness economics (microeconomics)IASB●Accounting regulation and enforcement---Company law – Act on Annual Financial Statements---Dutch Accounting Standards BoardDevelops guidelines on generally acceptable accounting standards---Enterprise ChamberEnforces compliance with accounting requirements---NIvRAOversees auditing profession●Unusual features of Dutch financial reporting Financial statements may be in Dutch, French, German, or EnglishOther than consolidated financial statements of Dutch listed companies, financial statements may be based on Dutch guidelines, IFRS, or a combinationFlexible accounting measurementsCurrent values are permitted for tangible assets Opportunities for income smoothingUnited Kingdom●Overview---Legacy of British accountingFirst country to develop an accountancy professionFair presentation (true and fair view)Exported British accounting around the world●Accounting regulation and enforcement---Companies ActBroad financial reporting framework---Financial Reporting Council oversees:Accounting Standards BoardIssues Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs)UITF clarifies FRSsAuditing Practices BoardIssues auditing standardsFinancial Reporting Review PanelEnforces compliance with FRSsProfessional Oversight BoardOversees auditing professionAudit Inspection UnitMonitors the audit of listed companiesAccountancy Investigation and Discipline BoardInvestigates and disciplines accountants for professional misconduct●Unusual features of British accountingTrue and fair overrideSome questions in chapter 3pare and contrast the mechanisms for regulating and enforcing financial reporting in the five countries discussed in this chapter.Regulating and enforcing financial reporting is a government function in France. The National Accounting Board (CNC) and the Accounting Regulation committee (CRC) set accounting standards under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The Financial Markets Authority (AMF) ensures compliance with French accounting rules (for listed companies). It is also a government agency.Public and private sector bodies are involved in the regulation and enforcement of financial reporting in Germany. The German Accounting Standards Board is a private sector body that develops German reporting standards for consolidated financial statements. However, German law (the HGB) governs financial statements at the individual company level. Enforcement also involves private and public sector bodies. The Financial Reporting Enforcement Panel is a private sector body that investigates compliance and relies on companies to voluntarily correct any problems that it finds. Matters that cannot be resolved are referred to the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority, a government agency, for final resolution.The regulation and enforcement of financial reporting is in the public sector in the Czech Republic. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for setting accounting principles and it also oversees the Czech Securities Commission which is responsible for enforcing compliance with Czech requirements. Some observers question the effectiveness of the Czech system.A private sector group is responsible for regulating financial reporting in the Netherlands. The Dutch Accounting Standards Board issues guidelines onacceptable accounting principles. Enforcement is handled by the Enterprise Chamber, a special accounting court. It rules on whether companies have used acceptable accounting practices, but only after an interested party has brought a complaint. The Financial Reporting Supervision Division of the Netherlands Authority for Financial Markets is responsible for enforcing reporting requirements for listed companies. Regulation of financial reporting is in the private sector in the United Kingdom. The Accounting Standards Board determines Financial Reporting Standards. The authority of the ASB is set out in the law. Two groups are responsible for enforcing financial reporting standards, one in the private sector and the other in the public sector. The Financial Reporting Review Panel (private sector) and the Department of Trade and Industry (public sector) can investigate complaints about departures from accounting standards. If necessary, they can go to court to force companies to revise its financial statements.2.Auditor oversight bodies have recently been established in several countries discussed in this chapter,identify the auditor oversight bodies discussed in this chapter.The recently established auditor oversight bodies discussed in this chapter are:France –Haut Conseil du Commissariat aux Comptes (High Council of External Auditors)Netherlands –Netherlands Authority for Financial MarketsUnited Kingdom – Professional Oversight BoardThe oversight body in France is in a government agency, while the one in the U.K. is a private sector body. The Dutch body is an autonomous administrative authority under the Ministry of Finance. They are a response to recent accounting scandals and represent efforts to the tighten control over auditors.3.What is the role of tax legislation on financial accounting practices in each of the five countries discussed in this chapter?Tax legislation is a significant influence on local accounting requirements in France and Germany. It is unimportant in the Netherlands and United Kingdom. Tax legislation haslimited influence in the Czech Republic. Given that Czech accounting is still evolving, taxlaw can be expected to fill in areas where accounting standards are missing. 4.the most novel feature of the dutch accounting scene is the enterprise chamber of the court of justice of Amsterdam.what is the mission of the enterprise chamber?how is this mission carried out?The Dutch Enterprise Chamber of the Court of Justice of Amsterdam helps ensure that filed or published Dutch financial statements conform to all applicable laws. Shareholders, employees, trade unions, or public prosecutors may bring proceedings to the Chamber by alleging that officially filed or published financial statements do not conform to applicable requirements.The Enterprise Chamber carries out its mission by determining whether the allegations of deficient financial reporting are true and how material such deficiencies are. Depending upon the case, the Chamber may require that financial statements be modified or it may seek penalties through the Court of Justice.The Chamber is composed of three judges and two Dutch RAs. There is no jury. Appeals of any of the Chambers rulings are difficult, may only be lodged with the Dutch Supreme Court, and are restricted to points of law.5.a feature of British accounting is the true and fair override. What is the meaning of this term?British financial statements must present a “true and fair view” of a company’s financial position and results of operations. The intent is similar to the U.S. “presents fairly.” However, the “presents fairly” test in the United States is whether financial statements conform to U.S. GAAP. The “true and fair” test in the United Kingdom requires auditors to step back and see whether the financial statements – taken as a whole – result in a fair presentation. U.K. GAAP may be overridden if complying with them would result in an “unfair” presentation. In other words, judgment is exercised in determining whether the financial statements are true and fair.Chapter 4United StatesOverview---Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)Private-sector organization that determines accounting standardsThe Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – a governmental agency –underpins FASB’s authority---Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Private organization overseen by the SECRegulates audits and auditors of public companiesIn 2002, took over the responsibility for setting auditing standards from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)---Financial statements “present fairly”Compliance with GAAP is the test for fair presentation●Accounting regulation and enforcement---Securities and Exchange CommissionHas jurisdiction over listed companiesRelies on private sector (FASB) to set accounting standards Pressures FASB on the direction of accounting standards ---Financial Accounting Standards BoardConceptual Framework is a significant feature of accounting standard settingStandard setting in the U.S. is both political and technical Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are voluminous and detailedCommitted to converging U.S. GAAP with IFRS---Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)Expanded requirements on corporate governance, disclosure and reporting, and the regulation of the audit professionEstablished PCAOBSets standards for auditorsOversees and inspects audit firmsSanctions auditors for defective workCEO and CFO must certify financial statements Management must assess internal controlsAuditors express an opinion on internal controls●Unusual features of U.S. financial reporting--No federal law for preparing financial statements or having them audited, except for listed companies--LIFO--Rules-based GAAP versus principles-based GAAP Rules-basedMore specific requirementsMore detailed implementation guidanceMay result in more comparabilityM ay foster “check-the-box” mentalityPrinciples-basedSets forth broad objectives and fundamentalsRequires professional judgment for implementationMore flexibleMay result in more divergence in practice Mexico●OverviewAccounting is oriented toward fair presentation despite code law legal systemGeneral price-level accounting (inflation-adjusted financial statements) are a fundamental featureAccounting profession is well-developed and influential in setting accounting and auditing standards●Accounting regulation and enforcement---Council for Research and Development of Financial Information Standards (CINIF)Independent public/private-sector partnership patterned after FASB and IASBDetermines Mexican GAAPAim – align Mexican GAAP with IFRS---Mexican Institute of Public AccountingIssues auditing standards through its Auditing Standards and Procedures Commission●Unusual features of Mexican financial reporting Financial statements are adjusted for inflationJapan●OverviewStrong bureaucratic control over business, including accountingStructural reforms under wayKeiretsu business model being transformed Accounting “big bang” to improve transparency●Accounting regulation and enforcementTriangular legal system--Company LawAdministered by Ministry of JusticeCreditor and shareholder protection the fundamental principle--Securities and Exchange LawFor publicly owned companiesProviding information for investment decision-making the main objective--Corporate Income Tax LawExpenses must be booked to be claimed for tax purposes Accounting Standards Board of JapanPrivate-sector organizationResponsible for developing accounting standards Modeled after FASB and IASBConvergence with IFRS a major goalTook over from the Business Accounting Council (a government agency) in 2001。
国际会计双语期末复习-推荐下载
Miscellaneous Expense (2)31 Income Summary (18)Terry Dagley, Capital (18)31 Gloria Millard, Capital (8)Terry Dagley, Drawing (8)Chapter 6 • Accounting for Merchandising Businesses PROBLEM 6-5AThe following were selected from among the transactions completed by Ingress Company during January of the current year:Jan. 3. Purchased merchandise on account from Pynn Co., list price $16,000, trade discount 35%, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30, with prepaid transportation costs of $320 added to the invoice.5. Purchased merchandise on account from Wilhelm Co., $8,000, terms FOB destination, 1/10,n/30.6. Sold merchandise on account to Sievert Co., list price $12,500, trade discount 40%, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $4,500.7. Returned $1,800 of merchandise purchased on January 5 from Wilhelm Co.13. Paid Pynn Co. on account for purchase of January 3, less discount.15. Paid Wilhelm Co. on account for purchase of January 5, less return of January 7 and discount.16. Received cash on account from sale of January 6 to Sievert Co., less discount.19. Sold merchandise on nonbank credit cards and reported accounts to the card company, American Express, $6,450. The cost of the merchandise sold was $3,950.22. Sold merchandise on account to Elk River Co., $3,480, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $1,400.23. Sold merchandise for cash, $9,350. The cost of the merchandise sold was $5,750.25. Received merchandise returned by Elk River Co. from sale on January 22, $1,480. The cost of the returned merchandise was $600.31. Received cash from American Express for nonbank credit card sales of January 19, less $225 service fee.InstructionsJournalize the transactions.答案：1.Jan. 3 Merchandise Inventory............................. 10,720Accounts Payable—Pynn Co. .................................. 10,720[$16,000 – ($16,000 × 35%)] = $10,400;$10,400 + $320 = $10,720.5 Merchandise Inventory....................................... 8,000Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. ............. .............. 8,0006 Accounts Receivable—Sievert Co. ....................... 7,500Sales .................................................................... 7,500[$12,500– ($12,500× 40%)] = $7,5006 Cost of Merchandise Sold.................................. 4,500Merchandise Inventory .................................. .......... 4,5007 Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. .................. 1,800Merchandise Inventory ........................... ...... 1,80013 Accounts Payable—Pynn Co. .................... 10,720Cash.............................................. .................. 10,512Merchandise Inventory (208)15 Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. .................. 6,200Cash............................................. ...................6,138Merchandise Inventory (62)16 Cash..................................................................... 7,350Sales Discount (150)(1)Uncollectible Accounts Expense18,600Allowance for Doubtful Accounts18,600(2)Allowance for Doubtful Accounts350Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co350(3)Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co200Allowance for Doubtful Accounts200Cash200Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co200(4)Cash400Allowance for Doubtful Accounts200Accounts Receivable-Dodger Co600(b)$782,000 ($800,000 - $18,000)(c)(1)Uncollectible Accounts Expense350Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co350(2)Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co200Uncollectible Accounts Expense200Cash200Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co200(3)Cash400Uncollectible Accounts Expense200Accounts Receivable-Dodger Co600 2、(a)June 4(b)$18,240(c)Note Receivable-Watson Co18,000Account Receivable-Watson Co18,000 Cash18,240Note Receivable-Watson Co18,000 Interest Revenue240 Chap10Getco Co. has a sales representative who must travel a substantial amount. A car for this purpose was acquired January 2 four years ago at a cost of $20,000. It is estimated to have a total useful life of 4 years or 100,000 miles and no re-sidual value.Instructions:(1) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and third years of ownership using the straight-line method and a December 31 year end. (2) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and third years of ownership using the double-declining-balance method and a December 31 year end.(3) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and third years of ownership using the units-of-production method, assuming no residual value, and using a December 31 year end. The car was driven 35,000 miles in the first year and 28,000 miles in the third year.答案：(1) Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile.....................5,000*。
双语版财务会计 第二章
How to manage and control cash?
• It is a means by which an organization‘s resources are directed, monitored, and measured. • It plays an important role in detecting and preventing fraud（查错防弊） and protecting the organization’s resources, both – physical（实物） (e.g., machinery and property) and – intangible（无形） (e.g., reputation声誉 or intellectual property智力财产 such as trademarks商标 权).
Internal controls
• 内部控制制度是企业重要的内部管理制度，是一个单位为 了保护其资产的安全完整，保证其经营活动符合国家法律、 法规和内部规章要求，提高经营管理效率，防止舞弊，控 制风险等目的，而在单位内部采取的一系列相互联系、相 互制约的制度和方法。 • COSO委员会【1992年美国国会的“反对虚假财务报告委员 会”（NCFR）下属的由AAA、AICPA、IIA、FEI和IMA等专 业团体组织参与的“发起组织委员会（COSO）”】，1992 年发布《内部控制——基本框架》（简称COSO报告）。 • 财政部 证监会 审计署 银监会 保监会2008年印发《企业 内部控制基本规范》，2010年发布《企业内部控制配套指 引》，包括18项应用指引、1项评价指引和1项审计指引。
Cash contents
• Cash in hand, cash in bank, other monetary funds • Coin 硬币, currency • Available funds on deposit at the bank(可动用的银 行存款) • Negotiable instruments（可流通的票据） – Money orders (汇票，邮政汇票)、 certified checks (承兑支票，保付支票)、 cashier‟s checks (银行本票)、 personal checks (个人支 票）、 bank drafts (银行汇票) 、Saving accounts（定期存款）
国际会计中英版8302
此份资料由8-302全体成员共同完成，仅供参考。
第1、3、4章选择题（单选15分，多选20分）第2、5、8章简答题（简答题20分，四道简答题信息匹配10分）第6、7、9章计算题（35分）翻译仅供参考简答题：P26 Chapter 1 DS 9Over time,national governments in many countries have sold shares in state-owned financial institutions to nongovernmental entities. Discuss how these privatizations might affect the capital markets as well as the accounting systems of these companies.(随着时间的推移，许多国家的国家政府已售出的国有金融机构股份的非政府实体。
讨论如何将这些私有化可能会影响资本市场，以及这些公司的会计系统。
)Privatizations also mean that management must now compete in the marketplace for market share, external capital, and corporate control. In such a world, accounting systems must properly motivate managers to work toward the accomplishment of the organization’s overall goals in an efficient manner while putting together credible external financial statements that will enable it to secure the necessary capital to finance corporate growth.(私有化也意味着管理层必须在现在的市场上争夺市场份额，外部资本和企业控制。
2020年(财务会计)会计专业英语复习资料
（财务会计）会计专业英语复习资料会计专业英语复习资料一、短语中英互译1、会计分录2、投资活动3、后进先出法4、客观性原则5、注册会计师6、权责发生制7、累计折旧8、资产负债表9、经营决策10、银行存款11、到期日12、历史成本13、sourcedocument14、nominalrate15、creditsale16、sum-of-years-digitsmethod17、economicentityassumption18、financialposition19、fixedassets20、publichearing21、incomestatement22、salesdiscount23、valueaddedtax24、trademark25、bankoverdraft二、从下列选项中选出最佳答案1、Generally，revenueisrecordedbyabusinessenterpriseatapointwhen：()A、M anagementdecidesitisappropriatetodosoB、TheproductisavailableforsaletoconsumersC、A nexchangehastakenplaceandtheearningprocessisvirtuallycompleteD、Anorderformerchandisehasbeenreceived2、Whyarecertaincostscapitalizedwhenincurredandthendepreciatedoramorti zedoversubsequentaccountingperiods？()A、T oreducetheincometaxliabilityB、ToaidmanagementinmakingbusinessdecisionsC、T omatchthecostsofproductionwithrevenueasearnedD、Toadheretotheaccountingconceptofconservatism3、Whataccountingprincipleorconceptjustifiestheuseofaccrualsanddeferrals ？()A、G oingconcernB、MaterialityC、C onsistencyD、Stablemonetaryunit4、Anaccruedexpensecanbestbedescribedasanamount()A、P aidandcurrentlymatchedwithrevenueB、PaidandnotcurrentlymatchedwithrevenueC、N otpaidandnotcurrentlymatchedwithrevenueD、Notpaidandcurrentlymatchedwithrevenue5、Continuationofabusinessenterpriseintheabsenceofcontraryevidenceisane xampleoftheprincipleorconceptof()A、B usinessentityB、ConsistencyC、G oingconcernD、Substanceoverform6、Inpreparingabankreconciliation，theamountofchecksoutstandingwouldbe：()A、a ddedtothebankbalanceaccordingtothebankstatement.B、deductedfromthebankbalanceaccordingtothebankstatement.C、a ddedtothecashbalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.D、deductedfromthecashbalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.7、Journalentriesbasedonthebankreconciliationarerequiredfor：()A、a dditionstothecashbalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.B、deductionsfromthecashbalanceaccordingtothedepositor’srecords.C、B othAandBD、NeitherAnorB8、Apettycashfundis：()A、u sedtopayrelativelysmallamounts。
国际会计双语期末复习精品文档12页
Chap 11. The amounts of the assets and liabilities of Chickadee Travel Service at April 30, 2019, the end of the current year, and its revenue and expenses for the year are listed below. The capital of Adam Cellini, owner, was $50,000 at May 1, 2019, the beginning of the current year, and the owner withdrew $30,000 during the current year.Accounts payable $ 12,200 Supplies $ 3,350Accounts receivable 31,350 Supplies expense 7,100Cash 53,050 Taxes expense 5,600Fees earned 263,200 Utilities expense 22,500 Miscellaneous expense 2,950 Wages expense 131,700Rent expense 37,800Instructions1. Prepare an income statement for the current year ended April 30, 2019.2. Prepare a statement of owner’s equity for the current year ended April 30, 2019.3. Prepare a balance sheet as of April 30, 2019.答案：1. The Zuni Co. has the following accounts in its ledger: Cash; Accounts Receivable; Supplies; Office Equipment; Accounts Payable; Gayle McCall, Capital; Gayle McCall, Drawing; Fees Earned; Rent Expense; Advertising Expense; Utilities Expense; Miscellaneous Expense.Journalize the following selected transactions for August 2019 in a two-column journal. Journal entry explanations may be omitted.August 1. Paid rent for the month, $1,500.2. Paid advertising expense, $700.4. Paid cash for supplies, $1,050.6. Purchased office equipment on account, $7,500.8. Received cash from customers on account, $3,600.12. Paid creditor on account, $1,150.20. Withdrew cash for personal use, $1,000.25. Paid cash for repairs to office equipment, $500.30. Paid telephone bill for the month, $195.31. Fees earned and billed to customers for the month, $10,150.31. Paid electricity bill for the month, $380.答案：2019August 1. Rent Expense (1500)Cash (1500)2. Advertising Expense..... . (700)Cash (700)4. Supplies (1050)Cash (1050)6. Office Equipment (7500)Accounts Payable (7500)8. Cash (3600)Accounts Receivable (3600)12. Accounts Payable.............. .. (1150)Cash (1150)20. Gayle McCall, Drawing (1000)Cash.............................. . (1000)25. Miscellaneous Expense (500)Cash (500)30. Utilities Expense........ (195)Cash (195)31. Cash................................ (10150)Fees Earned (10150)31. Utilities Expense (380)Cash (380)Chapter 3 • The Matching Concept and the Adjusting Process PROBLEM 3-5AGreco Service Co., which specializes in appliance repair services, is owned and operatedby Curtis Loomis. Greco Service Co.’s accounting clerk prepared the followingtrial balance at December 31, 2019:Greco Service Co.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2019Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,200Accounts Receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,600Prepaid Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,500 Accumulated Depreciation—Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,700Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,100 AccumulatedDepreciation—Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,300 Accounts Payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,500Unearned Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,200Curtis Loomis, Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,100Curtis Loomis, Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000Fees Earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257,200Salaries and Wages Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,800Utilities Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,200 Advertising Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000Repairs Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,100 Miscellaneous Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,050540,000540,000a. Depreciation of building for the year, $3,600.b. Depreciation of equipment for the year, $2,400.c. Accrued salaries and wages at December 31, $2,170.d. Unexpired insurance at December 31, $3,500.e. Fees earned but unbilled on December 31, $4,350.f. Supplies on hand at December 31, $375.g. Rent unearned at December 31, $2,800.Instructions1. Journalize the adjusting entries. Add additional accounts as needed.2. Determine the balances of the accounts affected by the adjusting entries and preparean adjusted trial balance.答案:1. Ithaca Services Co. offers cleaning services to business clients. Complete the following work sheet for Ithaca Services Co，and prepare an income statement, statement of owner’s equity, balance sheet, and the closing entries for Ithaca ServicesITHACA SERVICES CO.Income StatementFor the Year Ended January 31, 2019Fees earned................................................................. ....... $67 Expenses:Wages expense........................................................... $17Rent expense (8)Insurance expense (6)Utilities expense (6)Supplies expense (5)Depreciation expense (5)Miscellaneous expense (2)Total expenses..................................... .. (49)Net income.......................................................... ................ $ 18ITHACA SERVICES CO.Statement of Owner’s EquityFor the Year Ended January 31, 2019Terry Dagley, capital, ........... .............. $112Net income for the year..................................................... $18Less withdrawals (8)Increase in owner’s equity............................... .. (10)Terry Dagley, capital, October 31, 2019........ .................. $122ITHACA SERVICES CO.Balance SheetJanuary 31, 2019Assets LiabilitiesCurrent assets: Current liabilities: Cash.............................. $ 8 Accounts payable......... $26 Accounts receivable.... 57 Wages payable....... . (1)Supplies........................ 3 Total liabilities................... $ 27 Prepaid insurance.. (6)Total current assets.. $ 74Property, plant, andequipment: Land............................... $ 50Equipment...............$32Less accum. depr.... 7 Owner’s EquityTotal property, plant, Terry Dagley, capital (122)and equipment... ...75 Total liabilities andTotal assets................ ...... $149 owner’s equity.... $149 2019Jan. 31 Fees Earned (67)Income Summary (67)31 Income Summary (49)Wages Expense (17)Rent Expense (8)Insurance Expense (6)Utilities Expense (6)Supplies Expense (5)Depreciation Expense (5)Miscellaneous Expense (2)31 Income Summary (18)Terry Dagley, Capital (18)31 Gloria Millard, Capital (8)Terry Dagley, Drawing (8)Chapter 6 • Accounting for Merchandising Businesses PROBLEM 6-5AThe following were selected from among the transactions completed by Ingress Company during January of the current year:Jan. 3. Purchased merchandise on account from Pynn Co., list price $16,000, trade discount 35%, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30, with prepaid transportation costs of $320 added to the invoice.5. Purchased merchandise on account from Wilhelm Co., $8,000, terms FOB destination, 1/10,n/30.6. Sold merchandise on account to Sievert Co., list price $12,500, trade discount 40%, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $4,500.7. Returned $1,800 of merchandise purchased on January 5 from Wilhelm Co.13. Paid Pynn Co. on account for purchase of January 3, less discount.15. Paid Wilhelm Co. on account for purchase of January 5, less return of January 7 and discount.16. Received cash on account from sale of January 6 to Sievert Co., less discount.19. Sold merchandise on nonbank credit cards and reported accounts to the card company, American Express, $6,450. The cost of the merchandise sold was $3,950.22. Sold merchandise on account to Elk River Co., $3,480, terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $1,400.23. Sold merchandise for cash, $9,350. The cost of the merchandise sold was $5,750.25. Received merchandise returned by Elk River Co. from sale on January 22, $1,480. The cost of the returned merchandise was $600.31. Received cash from American Express for nonbank credit card sales of January 19, less $225 service fee.InstructionsJournalize the transactions.答案：1.Jan. 3 Merchandise Inventory............................. 10,720Accounts Payable—Pynn Co. .................................. 10,720[$16,000 – ($16,000 × 35%)] = $10,400;$10,400 + $320 = $10,720.5 Merchandise Inventory....................................... 8,000Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. ............. .............. 8,0006 Accounts Receivable—Sievert Co. ....................... 7,500Sales .................................................................... 7,500[$12,500– ($12,500× 40%)] = $7,5006 Cost of Merchandise Sold.................................. 4,500Merchandise Inventory .................................. .......... 4,5007 Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. .................. 1,800Merchandise Inventory ........................... ...... 1,80013 Accounts Payable—Pynn Co. .................... 10,720Cash.............................................. .................. 10,512Merchandise Inventory (208)15 Accounts Payable—Wilhelm Co. .................. 6,200Cash............................................. ...................6,138Merchandise Inventory (62)16 Cash..................................................................... 7,350Sales Discount (150)Accounts Receivable—Sievert Co. .. ................ 7,50019 Accounts Receivable--American Express ...... 6,450Sales ................................... ............................ 6,45019 Cost of Merchandise Sold..................................3,950Merchandise Inventory ........ .........................3,95022 Accounts Receivable—Elk River Co. ........... 3,480Sales .......................... ..................................... 3,48022 Cost of Merchandise Sold.................................. 1,400Merchandise Inventory ............ .....................1,40023 Cash.....................................................................9,350Sales ....................................... ........................ 9,350 Dec. 23 Cost of Merchandise Sold.......................... 5,750Merchandise Inventory ........ ......................... 5,75025 Sales Returns and Allowances.......................... 1,480Accounts Receivable—Elk River Co. ... ... 1,48025 Merchandise Inventory (600)Cost of Merchandise Sold .............. .. (600)31 Credit Card Expense (225)Cash................................. . (225)Cash................................. ...................6,450Accounts Receivable--American Express ...... 6,450 Questions of chap 7 Inventories1. The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows:Jan. 1 Inventory 42 units at $120Mar. 4 Purchase 58 units at $130Aug. 7 Purchase 20 units at $136Nov. 15 Purchase 30 units at $140There are 36 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used. Determine the inventory cost and the cost of merchandise sold by three methods, presenting your answers in the following form:CostInventory Method Merchandise Inventory Merchandise Solda. First-in, first-out $ $b. Last-in, first-outc. Average cost答案：CostMerchandise MerchandiseInventory Method Inventory Solda. FIFO ..................... $5,016 $14,484b. LIFO ..................... 4,320 15,180c. Average cost ....... 4,680 14,820Cost of merchandise available for sale:42 units at $120 .......................................................... $5,04058 units at $130 .......................................................... 7,54020 units at $136 .......................................................... 2,72030 units at $140.......................................................... 4,200150 units (at average cost of $130) ............................ $19,500a. First-in, first-out:Merchandise inventory:30 units at $140 .......................................................... $4,2006 units at $136 (816)36 units ..................................................................... $5,016Merchandise sold:$19,500 – $5,016 ......................................................... $14,484b. Last-in, first-out:Merchandise inventory:36 units at $120 .......................................................... $4,320Merchandise sold:$19,500 – $4,320......................................................... $15,180c. Average cost:Merchandise inventory:36 units at $130($19,500/150 units) ........................... $4,680Merchandise sold:1. The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Kidstock Co. for March:a. Cash balance according to the depositor’s records at March 31, $7,671.45.b. Cash balance according to the bank statement at March 31, $4,457.25.c. Checks outstanding, $2,276.20.d. Deposit in transit, not recorded by bank, $5,780.40.e. A check for $145 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in thecheck register as $451.f. Bank debit memorandum for service charges, $16.00.Prepare a bank reconciliation, using the format shown in Exhibit 7.And journalize the entry or entries that should be made by the depositor.答案：Kidstock CO.Bank ReconciliationMarch 31, 20—Cash balance according to bank statement................................. $4457.25Add deposit in transit, not recorded by bank............................... 5780.4$17,850Deduct outstanding checks........................................................... 2276.2 Adjusted balance............................................................................. $7961.45 Cash balance according to company’s records........................... $7671.45Add error in recording check (306)$13,695Deduct bank service charge (16)Adjusted balance............................................................................. $7961.45 Entries Cash (306)Accounts Payable (306)Miscellaneous Administrative Expense (16)Cash (16)Chap91、For a business that makes advance provision for uncollectible receivables(a) Journalize the entries to record the following:(1) Record the adjusting entry at December 31, the end of the fiscal year, to provide fordoubtful accounts. The accounts receivable account has a balance of $800,000, andthe contra asset account before adjustment has a debit balance of $600. Analysis ofthe receivables indicates doubtful accounts of $18,000.(2) In March of the following fiscal year, the $350 owed by Fronk Co. on account iswritten off as uncollectible.(3) Eight months later, $200 of the Fronk Co. account is reinstated and payment of thatamount is received.(4) In October, $400 is received on the $600 owed by Dodger Co. and the remainder iswritten off as uncollectible.(b) Based on the data in (a) (1) above, what is the net realizable value of the accounts receivableas reported on the balance sheet as of December 31?(c) Assuming that the business had been following the direct write-off procedure in accountingfor uncollectible receivables, journalize the entries to record the following:(1) Recorded the write-off of account of Fronk Co. [(a) (2) above].(2) Reinstated account of Fronk Co. for $200 and recorded payment of that amountreceived [(a) (3) above].(3) Recorded the receipt of $400 from Dodger Co. in (a) (4) above and wrote off theremainder owed as uncollectible.2.Watson Company issued a 60-day, 8% note for $18,000, dated April 5, to Laker Company on account.(Assume a 360-day year when calculating interest.)(a) Determine the due date of the note.(b) Determine the maturity value of the note.(c) Journalize the entries to record the following:(1) receipt of the note by the payee, and(2) receipt by the payee of the amount due on the note at maturity. Round answers to thenearest $1.答案：1、(a)(1) Uncollectible Accounts Expense 18,600Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 18,600(2) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 350Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 350(3) Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 200Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 200Cash 200Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 200(4) Cash 400Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 200Accounts Receivable-Dodger Co 600(b) $782,000 ($800,000 - $18,000)(c)(1) Uncollectible Accounts Expense 350Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 350(2) Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 200Uncollectible Accounts Expense 200Cash 200Accounts Receivable-Fronk Co 200(3) Cash 400Uncollectible Accounts Expense 200Accounts Receivable-Dodger Co 600 2、(a) June 4(b) $18,240(c) Note Receivable-Watson Co 18,000Account Receivable-Watson Co 18,000Cash 18,240Note Receivable-Watson Co 18,000Interest Revenue 240 Chap10Getco Co. has a sales representative who must travel a substantial amount. A car for this purpose was acquired January 2 four years ago at a cost of $20,000. It is estimated to have a total useful life of 4 years or 100,000 miles and no re-sidual value.Instructions:(1) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and thirdyears of ownership using the straight-line method and a December 31 year end.(2) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and thirdyears of ownership using the double-declining-balance method and a December31 year end.(3) Record the annual depreciation on Getco’s car at the end of the first and thirdyears of ownership using the units-of-production method, assuming no residual value, and using a December 31 year end. The car was driven 35,000 miles in the first year and 28,000 miles in the third year.答案：(1) Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile.....................5,000*Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 5,000*($20,000/4)Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile..................... 5,000Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 5,000(2) Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile..................... 10,000*Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 10,000 *($20,000 ×50%)Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile..................... 2,500*Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 2,500 *[($20,000 –$10,000 –$5,000) ×50%](3) Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile..................... 7,000*Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 7,000 *(35,000 miles ×$0.20)Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense—Automobile..................... 5,600*Accumulated Depreciation—Automobile........ 5,600 *(28,000 miles ×$0.20)Chapter 11—Current Liabilities and Payroll1.On January 2nd, Premier Sales borrows $13,500 cash on a note payable from Trusted Lenders withterms 90 days, 12%. Premier Sales and Trusted Lenders uses a 360-day year for interest calculations.Premier Sales makes adjusting entries at the end of each calendar quarter. Journalize the initiation of the loan, the recognition of interest expense for the quarter and the payment of the note on its due date.2.On August 1, Batson Company issued a 60-day note with a face amount of $120,000 to Jergens Companyfor merchandise inventory. (Assume a 360-day year is used for interest calculations.)a. Determine the proceeds of the note assuming the note carries an interest rate of 6%.b. Determine the proceeds of the note assuming the note is discounted at 6%.答案：1. ANS:April 2 Calculations: $13,500 x 12% x (2/360 days) = $92. On August 1, Batson Company issued a 60-day note with a face amount of $120,000 to JergensCompany for merchandise inventory. (Assume a 360-day year is used for interest calculations.)a. Determine the proceeds of the note assuming the note carries an interest rate of 6%.b. Determine the proceeds of the note assuming the note is discounted at 6%.2.ANS:a. $120,000b. $118,800 $120,000 - ($120,000 ⨯ 6% ⨯ 60/360)Chap 121. A company had stock outstanding as follows during each of its first three years of operations:2,500 shares of $10, $100 par, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $10 par common stock. The amounts distributed as dividends are presented below. Determine the total and per share dividends for each class of stock for each year by completing the schedule.Preferred Common Year Dividends Total Per Share Total Per Share1 $10,000 _________ _________ _________ _________2 25,000 _________ _________ _________ _________3 60,000 _________ _________ _________ _________2. On May 1, 10,000 shares of $10 par common stock were issued at $30, and on May 7, 5,000shares of $50 par preferred stock were issued at $111. Journalize the entries for May 1 and May 7.3. A corporation purchased for cash 5,000 shares of its own $10 par common stock at $26 a share. Inthe following year, it sold 2,000 of the treasury shares at $29 a share for cash.(a) Journalize the entries to record the purchase (treasury stock is recorded at cost).(b) Journalize the entries to record the sale of the stock.。
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国际会计复习资料A.Basic Knowledge1.we view accounting as consisting of three broad areas: measurement、[‘meʒəmənt]（计量）disclosure[dis’kləuʒə](披露) and auditing[‘ɔ:ditiŋ]（审计）.2.The three international organization of accounting profession are（International Federation of Accountants;IFAC)（国际会计师联合会）(International Accounting Standards Committee; IASC)（国际会计准则委员会）(International Auditing practice Committee;IAPC) (国际审计实务委员会)3.Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions are（霍夫斯泰德的四个文化层面）：(1)individualism(个人主义）(2)power distance（权力距离）(3)uncertainty avoidance（风险规避）(4)masculinity（阳刚之气）4. The four culture dimensions that affect a nation’s financial reporting practices by Gray refer to?影响一个国家的财务报告的做法的四个层面系指：(1)Professionalism (职业主义维度）(2)Uniformity （统一性维度）(3)conservatism （保守主义维度）(4)Secrecy （保密性维度）5.Accounting standard setting normally involves a combination of private and public sector groups.（会计准则的制定通常涉及结合私营和公共部门的群体。
）6.The private sector includes the accounting profession and other groups affected by the financial reporting process.（私营部门包括会计专业和受财务报告程序影响的其他团体。
）7.The public sector includes such agencies as tax authorities ministries responsible for commercial law,and securities commissions.（公共部门，包括负责商业法的税务机关部委和证券委员会）8.One key distinction in financial reporting is whether accounting is oriented toward （定位于）a fair presentation （公允表述）of financial position and results of operations or toward compliance with legal (符合法律法规)requirements and tax laws.9.The countries who emphasize Fairness and substance over form include United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Mexico and Philippines.Their accounting systems are usuallyassociated with a common law legal system and shareholders as the principal source of finance.（强调公平和实质重于形式的国家包括英国，美国，加拿大，墨西哥和菲律宾。
它们的会计制度通常与普通法法律制度和股东的主要资金来源联系。
10.Countries whose accounting system are oriented toward compliance with legal（符合法律法规）requirements tend to have a code law legal system and rely heavily on banks and the governments as sources of finance.11.Accounting in the United States is regulated by a private sector body the Financial Accounting Standards board, or FASB（财务会计准则委员会),but a governmental agency (the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC)（美国证券交易委员会）underpins the authority of its standards. SEC have right to supervise and revise to the standard finally . 在美国会计是受一个私营部门机构（财务会计标准委员会）管制的，但政府机构（美国证券交易委员会）的权威基础是其标准。
美国证券交易委员会最后也有权监督和修订标准。
12.The basic characteristic of United Kingdom Accounting pattern is the requirement to financial accounting and report is from the companies law.(公司法)13.Th e accounting “the true and fair” view appear in United Kingdom companies law (1948) first. （会计的“真实和公正”第一次出现在英国的公司法）13.FASB has Seven full-time members?（财务会计准则委员会有7个全职成员）14 In France , large companies must also prepare documents relating to the prevention of business bankruptcies and a social report .（在法国，大企业也必须准备有关防止企业破产和和社会报告。
的文件）15.The following three exchange rates can be used to translate foreign currency balances to domestic currency.they are the current rate.the historical rate and the average rate（以下三个汇率可以用来转化外币货币为本国货币.它们是现行汇率，历史汇率和平均汇率）16.There are four methods can answer the questions above and be used in foreign currency translation.Concepts:1.current rate method（现行汇率法）2.current-noncurrent method（流动性与非流动性法）3.monetary-nonmonetary method（货币性与非货币性项目法）4.temporal method（时态法）17.In a direct quote（直接标价）, the exchange rate specifies the number of domestic currency units （本国货币单位）needed to acquire a unit of foreign currency.（外国货币）18.The majority countries in the world use the direct quote except British and America .19.under deferral（递延）method translation gains and losses （外币折算损益）are listed on the balance sheet (资产负债表). It is regarded as a single item”“Translation gains ( losses)”, list atthe part of “owner’s equity”（所有者权益）.20. The government of the hostcountry levy taxes on the benefit from dividend（股息）, interest （利息）and royalty payments（特许使用金）that gained by foreign invester is withholding tax （预提所得税） .21.There are three calculation of added-value tax（增值税）additive method（叠加法），subtractive method（减数法）and tax by tax method.( tax-deducting method )（实耗扣税法）But most countries use tax by tax method.22.There are three recognition principles about the revenue（收入）that foreign institutions obtained in foreign countries : principle of territorial（属地管辖）, principle of person and world principle.23. There are three major international popular tax administration systems, namely, classical system,tax-split system（税收分割制度）and shift system.（轮班制度）24. the method of avoidance of international double taxation usually consist of tax deductions,tax credit and tax exemption..（避免国际双重征税的方法通常包括减税，课税扣除和免税）25.The important act relate to British accounting regulation is The Companies Act.涉及到英国的会计制度最重要的法例是公司法。