八年级英语下册Module4Seeingthedoctor模块语法聚焦四练习(新版)外研版

Module 4 Seeing the doctor

现在完成时(三)

1．—How long have you been like this?

你像这样有多长时间了？

—Since Friday. I've been ill for about three days!

自从周五。我已经病了大概三天了！

2．I haven't done much exercise since I got my computer last year.

自从去年我有了电脑以来，我就没怎么锻炼过。

3．We have played football for a year now.

现在我们踢了一年的足球。

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1．如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是，for后面接一段时间，而since后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即for用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：

I have lived in Hebei for ten years.

我在河北已经住了十年。

He has been in this school since 2010.

自从2010年起，他就在这所学校了。

My sister has learnt English since she was four.

我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。

2．如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用how long。例如：—How long have you studied English?

你学英语学了多长时间了？

—For four years. 四年了。

—How long has he taught here?

他在这儿教书多长时间了？

—Since five years ago.自从五年前。

3．在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在否定句中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：

I have stayed in the hotel for a week.

我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。

My parents haven't seen me for two years.

我父母有两年没见我了。

He hasn't come to school for a week.

他一周没来上学了。

[注意] 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下：

(1)fall asleep→be asleep

(2)begin/start→be on

(3)buy→have

(4)die→be dead

(5)come→be in

(6)arrive→be here

(7)join→be in/be a member of

(8)finish/end→be over

(9)leave→be away

(10)borrow→keep

(11)begin to study→stu dy

(12)come back→be back

4．现在完成时态还经常用于“It's the first/second…time that…”结构中。例如：It's the first time that I have visited here.

这是我第一次参观这里。

It's the third time that you have seen the film with me. 这是你第三次和我一起看电影。

Ⅰ.单项填空

( )1.—Look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years.

—Wow, they are wonderful.

A．kept B．have kept

C．have bought D．bought

( )2.2016·宜宾It's already tens of years ________ the world's population reached five billion.

A．before B．after

C．since D．for

( )3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green ________ us English since three years ago.

A．has taught B．is teaching

C．taught D．teaches

( )4.2017·扬州—You have a nice car.

—Thank you. I ________ it for less than one month.

A．bought B．have bought

C．had D．have had

( )5.Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture ________ he came to China.

A．before B．when

C．until D．since

( )6.—________ have you learned Chinese?

—For 3 years.

A．How often B．How much

C．How long D．How soon

( )7.2017·宿迁My grandparents ________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

A．have been married B．got married

C．were married D．have got married

( )8.2017·凉山—Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music. Erquan Yingyue was so sad but beautiful that I sensed a strong sadness and pain under the beauty.

—So it was. The musician who played it last night ________ to play the erhu since he ________ very young.

A．learned; was B．has learned; am

C．has learned; was D．learned; has been

( )9.2017·西宁His grandmother ________ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much.

A．died B．has died

C．has been dead D．has been died

( )10.2016·济南—Does Jimmy still work as a driver?

—No. He has ________ for two years.

A．left the company B．gone to Shanghai

C．studied in college D．lost his job

( )11.2016·威海—Is that a new coat?

—No, I ________ it for a long time.

A．bought B．have bought

C．have had

( )12.2017·达州—Where's your brother?

—Oh, he ________ the library and ________.

A．has been to; so Lucy is

B．has gone to; so Lucy has

C．has gone to; so has Lucy

D．has been in; so has Lucy

( )13.—When________ you ________ the new bike?

—I________ it for 2 days.

A．did; have; bought

B．did; buy; have had

C．did; buy; have bought