计算机专业英语-基础知识资料
计算机专业英语复习资料
![计算机专业英语复习资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c2e5d4e47d1cfad6195f312b3169a4517723e571.png)
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料1、that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system;(p1) 处理器是计算机智能系统2、In 1965,when he first set out what we now call Moore’s Law,Gordon Moore said the number of components that could be packed onto an integrated circuit would double every year or so(later amended to18 months). (P17)在1965年,⼽登穆尔说,可以将很多的零部件装载在⼀个集成电路元件中,这样的话就可以每年都翻倍,这也就是他第⼀次提出摩尔定律(后来修订为18个⽉)3-43、This multicore processor plugs directly into a single socket on the motherboard. (P18)这种多内核处理器直接插⼊主板上的⼀个单⼀的插座。
4、Multicore processors are especially well suited to tasks that have operations that can be divided up into separate thread and run in parallel. (P18)多核处理器特别适合那些可以分成单线程和并⾏运⾏的任务操作。
5、640*480 means that the screen consists of 640 columns by 480 rows of pixels. (P36)640×480表⽰屏幕由640列480⾏的像素组成。
6-76、However, they also are bulky, fragile, and consume a great deal of power. (p37)然⽽,他们也都是笨重的,脆弱的,并且消耗⼤量的电⼒。
计算机专业英语基础知识
![计算机专业英语基础知识](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/34997af6ce2f0066f53322cc.png)
计算机基础英语
![计算机基础英语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/193704cf250c844769eae009581b6bd97f19bc3e.png)
计算机基础英语下面是店铺整理的计算机基础英语,欢迎大家阅读!计算机基础英语软件:BASIC(Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code,初学者通用符号指令代码,一种计算机语言,适合于初学者,不要把BASIC当作Basic)OS(Operating System,计算机操作系统,计算机中必不可少的软件)DOS(Disk Operating System,磁盘操作系统)Windows NT(一种操作系统,NT New technology,新技术)Linux(一种可免费使用的UNIX操作系统,运行于一般的PC机上,由Linux开发而得此名)Visual BASIC(可视化BASIC语言)Database(数据库)ESC(Escape,退出键)Tab(Table,制表键)Shift(上档键,用于输入双字符键上面部分的字符和在大(小)写字符状态输入小(大)写字符)Ctrl(Control,控制键)Alt(Alter,转换键)Insert,Delete(插入、删除)Home,End(编辑文书时用于回到文书开头、结尾的键)Page Up,Page Down(向前、后翻页键)Num lock(数字锁定键)Scroll lock(屏幕滚动锁定键)Enter(确认键、也有回车换行的作用)Click(点击鼠标)Cut(剪切,指将文本或图形剪切到内存)Copy(复制、拷贝)Paste(粘贴,将剪切、复制到内存的内容粘贴出来)Debug(程序排错,bug意为小虫子,比喻隐藏在程序中的小错误) Virus(计算机病毒,计算机中自我复制传播的程序)Backup(备份)计算机英语高级词汇·网络多媒体篇Multimedia(多媒体,指计算机能综合处理声音、图像、影像、动画、文字等多种媒体)CD(Compact Disk,光盘,分为只读光盘和可刻录光盘)CDR(Compact Disk Recordable,可刻录光盘)VCD(Video CD,视频CD)Audio(音频)Video(视频)MPEG(Moving picture expert Group,运动图像专家组,一种压缩比率较大的活动图像和声音的压缩标准)BMP(Bitmap,位图,一种图像格式)Image(图像)Pixel(像素,图像的一个点)WAV(Wave,声波,一种声音格式)MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface,乐器数字接口,声卡上有这种接口,用于与乐器相连)Modem(调制解调器,也称“猫”,用于把电话音频信号变成数字信号)Net(Network,网络)WAN(Wide area network,广域网,指地理上跨越较大范围的跨地区网)LAN(Local area network,局域网,地理上局限在小范围,属于一个单位组建的网)Internet(互联网、因特网、网际网)Server(服务器,网络的核心,信息的集中地)Client(客户,指使用计算机的用户)C/S(Client/Server,客户机/服务器)B/S(Browser/Server,浏览器/服务器,指客户通过浏览器访问服务器的信息)Workstation(工作站,连到服务器的单个计算机)WWW(World Wide Web,万维网,全球范围的节点)BBS(Bulletin Board System,电子布告栏系统)FTP(File Transfer Protocol,文件传送协议,用此协议用户通过Internet将一台计算机上的文件传送到另一台计算机上)HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol,超文本传输协议 WWW服务程序所用的协议)HTML(Home Page Marker Language,主页标记语言,用于浏览器浏览显示)Hub(网络集线器,提供许多计算机连接的端口)Router(路由器,互联网的标准设备,具有判断网络地址、选择路径、实现网络互联的功能)Gateway(网关)TCP/IP(Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,传输控制/互联网协议)NDS(Domain Name System,域名服务系统)e-mail(Electronic Mail,电子邮件).com(Commerce,商业部门的域名).edu(Education,教育部门的域名).net(网络服务部门的域名).org(Organization,非商业组织的域名).gov(Government,政府部门的域名)@(电子邮件中用户名与域名的分隔符,读音为at)Optics(光的,Fiber optics 光纤)ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network,综合服务数字网) DDN(Defense Data Service,数字数据服务)Bandwidth(带宽,网络线路的传输速度)Broad(Band 宽带,可同时在多个通道容纳数据,音像信号)Hacker(黑客,专门在互联网上到处从事解密、获取信息等非正规活动的不明身份的用户)硬件:CPU:(Central Processing Unit,中央处理器,计算机的心脏)主板:英文“mainboardBIOS:(Basic-Input-&-Output-System基本输入/输出系统)Memory:(存储器,内存)ROM:(Read only Memory,只读存储器,只能读不能写)RAM:(Random Access Memory,随机存取存储器,内存属于这种存储器)Bus:(总线)ISA:(Industry Standard Architecture,工业标准结构总线)VESA:(Video Electronic Standard Association,视频电子标准协会的标准总线)PCI:(Peripheral Component Interconnect,外部互联总线标准) USB:(Universal Serial Bus,Intel,公司开发的通用串行总线架构)SCSI:(Small Computer System Interface,小型计算机系统接口) AGP:(Accelerate Graphics Processor,加速图形接口)Mouse:(鼠标,俗称“鼠”)Keyboard:(键盘)CRT:(Cathode Ray Tube,阴极射线管,常指显示屏)LCD:(Liquid Crystal Display,液晶显示屏)VGA:(Video Graphics Array,视频图形阵列,一种显示卡)Resolution:(分辨率)Printer:(打印机)Scanner:(扫描仪)Floppy Disk:(软盘)Fixed Disk, Hard Disk(硬盘)CD(Compact Disk,光盘)Adapter(适配器(卡),俗称“卡”,如声卡、显示卡)UPS(Uninterruptible Power System,不间断电源) LPT(Line Printer,打印口,并行口)DPI(Dots Per Inch,每英寸点数,指打印机的分辨率) CPS(Characters Per Second,每秒字符数)PPM(Pages Per Minute,每分钟打印页数)。
计算机英语基础知识
![计算机英语基础知识](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b4772688192e45361066f5fe.png)
2) The motherboard is at the heart of the computer.
3) A hard disk stores all your data and programs
4) The PCI bus (slots) was introduced by Intel about ten years ago and is still in use today.
Software took center stage in 1978 when Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston produced VisiCalc, the first spread sheet. This turned the personal computer into a useful business tool, not just a game machine or replacement for the electric typewriter.
Although ever increasing, speed is becoming irrelevant to most users. Almost all current computers are easily fast enough to run Windows, browse the Web, read EMail, listen to MP3 (music) files, and run all the Office programs. Faster speeds are only useful if you play computer games, edit video files, or run a server.
5) Memory is just as important to computers as it is to us. Memory chips store all the information used by the computer to carry out a task
计算机专业常用英语
![计算机专业常用英语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/cba6e92a6d175f0e7cd184254b35eefdc8d31537.png)
计算机专业常用英语摘要:计算机专业的学习和工作需要掌握一定的英语知识,本文介绍了一些计算机专业常用的英语词汇和表达,包括计算机硬件、软件、网络、编程、数据库等方面的内容,以及一些常见的缩略词和符号。
本文旨在帮助计算机专业的学生和从业者提高英语水平,更好地学习和交流计算机相关的知识。
一、计算机硬件计算机硬件(computer hardware)是指计算机系统中的物理设备,包括输入设备、输出设备、存储设备、处理器等。
下表列出了一些常见的计算机硬件的英文名称和中文对照。
英文名称中文名称keyboard键盘mouse鼠标monitor显示器printer打印机scanner扫描仪speaker音箱microphone麦克风disk磁盘CD-ROM光盘USB通用串行总线CPU中央处理器RAM随机存取存储器ROM只读存储器motherboard主板graphics card显卡sound card声卡二、计算机软件计算机软件(computer software)是指由程序和数据组成的指令集,用于控制计算机系统的运行。
计算机软件可以分为系统软件(system software)和应用软件(application software)两大类。
系统软件是指为管理计算机系统本身而设计的软件,如操作系统(operating system)、编译器(compiler)、驱动程序(driver)等。
应用软件是指为满足用户特定需求而设计的软件,如文字处理(word processing)、电子表格(spreadsheet)、图像处理(image processing)、游戏(game)等。
下表列出了一些常见的计算机软件的英文名称和中文对照。
英文名称中文名称Windows Windows 操作系统Linux Linux 操作系统macOS macOS 操作系统英文名称中文名称Android Android 操作系统iOS iOS 操作系统Microsoft Word微软 WordMicrosoft Excel微软 ExcelMicrosoft PowerPoint微软 PowerPointAdobe Photoshop Adobe PhotoshopAdobe Illustrator Adobe IllustratorAdobe Premiere Adobe PremiereAdobe Acrobat Adobe Acrobat三、计算机网络计算机网络(computer network)是指由多台计算机通过通信设备和通信线路互连起来,实现资源共享和信息传递的系统。
计算机专业英语复习资料
![计算机专业英语复习资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d90abdc6b04e852458fb770bf78a6529647d35bb.png)
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料I.V ocabulary(词汇)(30分)(⼀)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.(写出下列词组的汉语。
共10分,每题1分) 1.Operating system____________2.white bOx testing__________3.hard disk_________4.management information system_______________5.electronic commerce___________________6.relational database__________________7.software engineering___________________8.software maintenance__________________9.menu bar______________10.n et wo r k s ec u r i t y___________________(⼆)Fill in the blank swith the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
共10分,每题1分)1.只读存储器__________2.⼴域⽹___________3.传输控制协议___________ 4.⽂件传送[输]协议__________5.通⽤串⾏总线__________ 6.⾯向对象编程____________7.集成开发环境___________8.结构化查询语⾔___________9.数据库管理系统___________ 10.开放系统互连______(三)Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
计算机专业英语复习资料整理
![计算机专业英语复习资料整理](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e7c6721e52ea551810a687ed.png)
英译汉汉译英翻译&简答1)The motherboard is the communications web for the entire computer system.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。
2)The central processing unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer.译:中央处理单元,即CPU,是计算机的“大脑”3)CPU consists of two function al units: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.译:CPU有两个功能单元:控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。
4)A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organized to accept, store and process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program.5)译:计算机是快速而精准的系统,它用来接收、存储和处理数据,并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。
6)When people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the computer’s main memory (or primary memory) called random access memory or RAM, which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时,他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器,它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。
计算机专业英语
![计算机专业英语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/af5b0cc308a1284ac8504394.png)
单词①、The Evolution of Computers ----------------计算机的发展②、Components of Computer Systen-----------计算机系统的组成③、Software Engineering -------------------------软件工程④、Data Structure-----------------------------------数据结构⑤、Operating System-------------------------------操作系统⑥、Programming Design---------------------------程序设计⑦、Office Automnation ----------------------------办公自动化⑧、Electronic Business-----------------------------电子商务⑨、Computer Security-----------------------------计算机安全⑩、Virtual Reality-----------------------------------虚拟现实翻译句子①、Computer is an electronic equipment which can make anithmetic and logical calculation,process information rapidly and automatically.计算机是一种能够高速、自动地进行算术和逻辑运算及信息处理的电子设备。
②、Real-time control is the control of procedure in the process of practical productions where conputers are applied.实时控制是指计算机应用于实际生产过程中的过程控制。
计算机专业英语-计算机网络基础-Chapter 3 Foundation of Computer Network(计算机网络基础)
![计算机专业英语-计算机网络基础-Chapter 3 Foundation of Computer Network(计算机网络基础)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6efd1f1de518964bcf847c6a.png)
on, it can access data from the File Server, and 需文件后就可以在工作站上运行。
operates on the workstation with the documents 网卡(network interface card: NIC)
needed.
是服务器与工作站之间的接口。
BNC joint, terminator, and cables etc.
服务器( file server )是整个网络的
File Server is the soul of a whole network, so it 灵魂,所以它必须是最好的。网络上所
must be the best. All the input and output of data 有数据的进出都须通过服务器来控制。
configurations or Network are star, bus, ring, 星形、总线形、环形和树形。
and tree.
星形网络
Star Network
星形网络由一台中央处理器、
A star network contains a central unit, a 多台个人计算机、终端或外围设
wonderful business tools for producing data, 算机在处理数据、电子表格、图形以
spreadsheets, graphics, and other types of 及其他类型的信息方面是理想的办公
information, but do not allow you to quickly 设备,但却不支持快速(用户输出的)
Ø 教学提示:
到学校机房或有关网络公司参观,感受本章内容, 以学到更多的专业知识和词汇。
计算机专业英语词汇大全3篇
![计算机专业英语词汇大全3篇](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4f240f570a1c59eef8c75fbfc77da26925c5966f.png)
计算机专业英语词汇大全第一篇:计算机硬件与维护计算机硬件部分1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) - 中央处理器2. Random Access Memory (RAM) - 随机存取存储器3. Read Only Memory (ROM) - 只读存储器4. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - 硬盘驱动器5. Solid State Drive (SSD) - 固态硬盘6. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - 电源供应器7. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) - 图形处理器8. Network Interface Controller (NIC) - 网络接口控制器9. Sound Card - 声卡10. Motherboard - 主板11. Expansion Card - 扩展卡12. Monitor - 显示器13. Keyboard - 键盘14. Mouse - 鼠标计算机维护1. Backup - 备份2. Restore - 恢复3. Clean up registry - 清理注册表4. Defragment - 磁盘碎片整理5. Install drivers - 安装驱动程序6. Update drivers - 更新驱动程序7. Uninstall programs - 卸载程序8. Scan for viruses - 扫描病毒9. Remove malware - 移除恶意软件10. Check hard drive for errors - 检查硬盘错误11. Check system for errors - 检查系统错误第二篇:计算机网络与安全计算机网络1. Router - 路由器2. Switch - 交换机3. Modem - 调制解调器4. Wireless Access Point (WAP) - 无线接入点5. Network Interface Card (NIC) - 网络接口卡6. Server - 服务器7. Client - 客户端8. Internet Protocol (IP) - 网际协议9. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - 传输控制协议10. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - 用户数据报协议11. Domain Name System (DNS) - 域名系统12. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - 动态主机配置协议13. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - 简单网络管理协议计算机安全1. Firewall - 防火墙2. Anti-virus software - 杀毒软件3. Anti-malware software - 反恶意软件软件4. Virtual Private Network (VPN) - 虚拟专用网络5. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) - 入侵检测系统6. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) - 入侵防范系统7. Two-factor authentication - 双因素认证8. Encryption - 加密9. Decryption - 解密10. Authentication - 认证11. Authorization - 授权12. Access control - 访问控制第三篇:计算机软件与开发计算机软件1. Operating System (OS) - 操作系统2. Application software - 应用软件3. System software - 系统软件4. Utility software - 工具软件5. Programming language - 编程语言6. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - 集成开发环境7. Web browser - 网络浏览器8. Email client - 电子邮件客户端9. Media player - 媒体播放器10. Database - 数据库11. Content Management System (CMS) - 内容管理系统12. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - 客户关系管理系统软件开发1. Analysis - 分析2. Design - 设计3. Implementation - 实现4. Testing - 测试5. Debugging - 调试6. Integration - 集成7. Maintenance - 维护8. Agile development - 敏捷开发9. Waterfall development - 瀑布开发10. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) - 面向对象编程11. Model-View-Controller (MVC) - 模型-视图-控制器12. Version Control - 版本控制总的来说,计算机专业英语词汇涉及到计算机硬件、计算机网络、计算机软件以及软件开发等多方面内容,能够掌握这些词汇对于计算机专业的学习和工作都十分有帮助。
应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料
![应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/011aa604ec630b1c59eef8c75fbfc77da369974a.png)
应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料专业英语复习资料一、请写出以下单词的中文意思。
1、floppy disk软盘2、printer打印机3、optical disk光盘4、formatting toolbar 格式工具条5、formula方程式6、relational database关系数据库7、antivirus program抗病毒程序8、fragmented破碎9、user interface用户界面10、bus line总线11、smart card智能卡12、motherboard主板13、digital camera数码相机14、fax machine传真机15、ink-jet printer喷墨打印机16、access time访问时间17、direct access直接存取18、Bluetooth蓝牙19、digital signal数字签名20、protocols协议21、operating system 操作系统22.requirements analysis 需求分析23.network security 网络安全24.data structure 数据结构25.decision support system 决策支持系统26.software crisis 软件危机27.computer virus 电脑病毒28.email attachment 电邮附件29.central processing unit ( CPU )中央处理单元30.ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机31. multimedia 多媒体32. software life cycle软件生命周期33. structured programming 结构化程序34. functional testing 功能测试35. word processor 文字处理36. code windows 代码窗口37. firewall 防火墙38. LAN local area network局域网39. hacker 黑客40. switch 开关41.数据库管理系统database management system42.传输控制协议transmission control protocol43.多文档界面multiple document interface 44.面向对象编程Object-oriented programming 45.只读存储器read-only memory46.数字视频光盘Digital Video Disc47.计算机辅助设计computer aided design48.结构化查询语言Structured Query Language49.通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus50.企业之间的电子商务交易方式EDi二、单项选择题。
计算机专业英语(一)--07757-----15日上午-复习资料
![计算机专业英语(一)--07757-----15日上午-复习资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9e8fd33f482fb4daa58d4bf4.png)
计算机专业英语--07757-15日上午-复习资料一、选择填空题:1. How many layers does the ISO/OSI mode have? (seven )2.How many different types of Entity relationships are there?( 4 )3. How many parts are there in URL? (3 ) 04.How many record-based logical models are widely used ?( 3 )5.How many different types of Entity relationships are there?( 4 )6.How many layers does the TCP/IP layering model have? (5 )7.How many basic units do today's digital computers consist of? ( 4 )8. How many classes are the data models divided into?( 3 )9. How many basic operating system types are there? (3 )10. He had a large (number) of facts to prove his statements.11. He told me all (As a result ), he will have to be away from school for two or three months.12.How data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called (.bits )13. How many basic operating system types are there? (3 ).14. How many record-based logical models are widely used ?( 3)HTML stand for(Hypertext Markup Language ) 15.External devices are linked to a small computer system through (interfaces ). 16.CPU has only two fundamental sections: the arithmetic and logic unit and(the control unit ).17.arithmetic and logic unit executes instructionsCD-ROM belongs to (optical laser disk ) 18. Creating the database and its table structure uses (data definition )19. A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and dataconstraints is a (data model )20. Another name for primary storage is (RAM ).21. A computer system has five parts, they are input, output, storage,control unit and (processing components ).22.A special type of primary storage which cannot be altered by the programmer is called (ROM )23. A list of protocols used by a certain system , one protocol per layer, is calleda (protocol stack )24.A computer system has four parts, they are output, storage, processing components and ( input )25. Another name for primary storage is (RAM ).26. A data model is a collection of conceptual tool for describing (data, data relationship, data semantics, data constraints )27.A communication pathway connecting two or more devices is a (channel )28.A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an (address )29. All functions in spreadsheets start with (an equal sign ).30. A bus that is used to designate the source or destination of the data on the data bus is called ( address bus )31. An E-mail server can be considered asa (powerful operating system )32.A computer system has five parts, they are input, output, processing components , control unit and (storage ).33.All Intranet related documents are written in(HTML )19. A programming technique that allows you to view concepts as a variety of objects is called (object oriented programming )34.A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an (address )35.A bus that is used to control the access to and the use of the data and address bus is called (control bus)36.A location in memory is accessed by its (address ).37. A small piece of code that can be transported over the Internet and executed on the recipient’s machine. The sentencedescribes (applet )38. An E-mail server can be considered asa (high-configuration computer ) .39. A protocol is a set of (regulations).40. All functions in spreadsheets startwith (an equal sign ).41. A computer system has input, output,storage, and (CP ).42. A protocol is a set of (regulations).43.All Intranet related documents arewritten in (HTML)44.A bus that connects major computercomponents is called (system bus )45.A bus that is used to designate thesource or destination of the data on thedata bus is called ( address bus )46.A bus that provides a path for movingdata between system modules is called( data bus )47.A collection of conceptual tools fordescribing data, data relationships,(data semantics and data)48.A collection of interconnected networksis called an (internet )49.A communication pathway connecting twoor more devices is a (channel )50.A computer having the hardware andsoftware necessary for it to be connectedto a network. The sentence describes(Network Computer)51.A computer processes information into( data ).52.A computer system has input, output,(storage) and processing components.53.A display screen is divided into a gridof ( pixels ).54.A location in memory is accessed by its( address ).55.A multiprocessor system has( more thanone CPU )56.A protocol is a set of( regulations ).57.A small piece of code that can betransported over the Internet and executedon the recipient’s machine. The sentencedescribes (applet )58.A special type of primary storage whichcannot be altered by the programmer iscalled (ROM )59.A Web browser is a piece of(software ).60.All programs and data must betransferred to (primary storage ) from aninput device or from secondary storagebefore programs can be executed or data canbe processed61.All the characteristics thatdistinguish birds (from) other animals canbe traced to prehistoric times.62.An (Intranet ) is simply the applicationof Internet technology within an internalor closed usergroup63.An(MISD ) computer would apply severalinstructions to each datum it fetches formmemory64.An(SISD) computer carries out oneinstruction on one datum at a timeconstraints is a (data model )65. What does HTTP stand for? (HypertextTransfer Protocol )66.What does the WWW stand for?(World WideWeb )67. Which is an simply the application ofinternet technology within an internal orclosed group?( intranet )68. WWW stand for(World Wide Web)69. When a CPU needs the data to operate,it goes where first? (the cache ).70.What kind of computer would applyseveral instructions to each datum itfetches form memory? (MISD )71. What is a computer program? (a set ofinstructions )72.What is a set of programs thatmanipulate encoded knowledge to solveproblems in a specialized domain that81.normally requires human expertise?(Expert system )73.Which one can be rewritten? (U-DISK )74. When hypertext pages are mixed withother media, the result iscalled(hypermedia )75.What does a worksheet mean?(a workingarea framed by letters and numbers )76. What does A worksheet mean? (an EXCELprogram )77. What kind of computer would apply oneinstructions to each datum it fetches formmemory? (SISD )78.Which networks usually span tens ofkilometers?( Metropolitan area )79.What does IC stand for? (IntelligentCircuit )80.What you said reminds me(of somethingI read a few days ago.)81.Which description is false? (deltaframes don’t record the interframechanges )82.Which description is false?(The beautyof an Intranet lies in platformdependence )83.Which description is false?(We can’tview an OS as a resource allocator )84.Which description is true?(It’s notnecessary that different views shouldcontain different data )85.Which is a magnetic secondary storagedevice? (disk )86.Which is magnetic secondary storagedevices?( .tape )87.With optimal laser disk technology, theread/write head used in magnetic storage isreplaced by (two) lasers88.Would you mind (filling) this form?89.The way each object combines its memberdata and member functions into a singlestructure is called (Encapsulation )90.The standard query language ofrelational database is (SQL )91.The “brain” of a computer system is(CPU )92. The ISO/OSI mode has (seven ) layers93.The basic output device on a smallcomputer is a (display screen ).94.To prevent user programs frominterfering with the proper operation ofthe system, the hardware was modified tocreate two models: (User mode and monitormode )95.The realization of the mobile internetrelies on a new set of standards ,known asthe (WAP )96.The software that allows one or manypersons to use and/or modify this data isa (DBMS )97.The physical components of a computerare collectively called (hardware ).98.. The most popular processorinterconnection topology is the(hypercube ).99. The part of an instruction that tellsthe processor what to do is the(operand ).100.The part of an instruction that tellsthe processor what to do is the (operationcode ).101.The permanently useful data is storedin ( the ROM )102.The interference that distortselectronic signals transmitted over adistance is called (noise ).103.The WWW is based on which of thefollowing standards(client-server model )104. The Central Processor has only twofundamental sections(the control unit andthe arithmetic and logic unit)105.The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference model is based on a proposaldeveloped by (ISO ).106. The basic output device on a smallcomputer is a (display screen ).107.The software which acts as an interfacebetween a user of a computer and thecomputer hardware is (operating system )108.The protocol which downloads filesfree of charge from thousands of computersaround the globe is (FTP protocol )109.The “intelligence” of a computersystem is (processor )110.The Central Processor has only twofundamental sections (the control unit andthe arithmetic and logic unit )111.The computer component that actuallymanipulates the data is (theprocessor ).112.The data models don’t include(control unit models )113.The decision (having been making ),the next problem was how to make a goodplan.114.The house(standing ) at the corner ofthe street was built in 1984.115.The interference that distortselectronic signals transmitted over adistance is called (noise ).116.The kids are (bound to)be hungry whenthey get home—they always are.117.The most popular processorinterconnection topology is the(hypercube ).118.The physical components of a computerare collectively called (hardware ).119.The processor fetches and executes(instructions).120.The realization of the mobile internetrelies on a new set of standards ,known asthe (WAP )121.The smog is due to invisible gases,(mostly from automobile exhaust.)122.The software that allows one or manypersons to use and/or modify this data isa (DBMS )123.The software which acts as an interfacebetween a user of a computer and thecomputer hardware is (operating system )124.The source of a computer’s logic is(software ).125.The standard query language ofrelational database is (SQL )126.The steps that occur between theuser’s click and the page being displayeddon’t include (the TCP connection isn’treleased )127.The waveform repeats the same shape atregular intervals and this portion iscalled a (period )128.The WWW is( based on client-servermodel standards)129.Three main categories of optical laserdisks don’t include (primary storage )130.To facilitate an even faster transferof instructions and data to the processor,most computers are designed with(Cachememory)131. Optical laser disk includes CD-ROM,magneto-optical disk and (WORM disk )132.Output devices don’t include(scanner )133.Output devices don’t include (mouse )134.Output devices don’t include(scanner )135. Objected-based logic models are usedfor ( describing data at the conceptual andview levels )136.Data and program instructions arestored in (memory ).137.If an object inherits its attributesfrom a single parent, it is called(singleinheritance )138. Programmers write ( source code ).139.(Primary storage) provides the CPUwith temporary storage for programs anddata140.Normally, how long does a user need towait until his/her E-mail account is readyif he/she applies for it from an ISP ? (notime )141.Before typing in any data, a user needsto (select the cell).142.Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase computer system(throughput )143..LCD is based on which of the following?(TFT )( It is not yet known )whether robots willone day have vision as good as human(database management system ) allows oneor many persons to use and/or modify thisdata(Expert system) is s set of programsthat manipulate encoded knowledge to solveproblems in a specialized domain thatnormally requires human expertise(Multimedia)is encoded at least through acontinuous and a discrete medium(the World Wide Web ) is an architecturalframework for accessing linked documentsspread out over thousands of machines allover the Internet(parallel OS ) is tightlycoupled144.Data and program instructions arestored in (memory ).145.Each cell of a worksheet can hold (onepiece of data ).146.Edison failed (thousands of ) timesbefore he succeeded in producing the firstelectric lamp.hard disk is a magnetic secondary storagedevice147.In computer networks, the rules and conventions used in the conversation are known as (protocol ) 148.Input devices don’t include (video displays ) 149.It is impossible to solve (so difficult problem ) in such a short time. 150.(LCD )is based on TFT 151.Memory’s contents are changed when it is (written ). 152.Normally, how long does a user need to wait until his/her E-mail account is ready if he/she applies for it from an ISP ? (no time ) 153.Once a user starts an IRC client, the server on the IRC service provider side will provide the user a (channel ). 154.One of the methods (adopted ) is to organize visits to other factories. 155.Physical data models are used for (describing data at the lowest level ) 156.Polymorphism gives objects the ability to respond to (messages from ) routines when the object’s exact type isn’t known. 158. In C++ this ability is a result of (late binding ) 159.Processor has only two fundamental sections (the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit) 160.Programs are known collectively as (software ).record-based logic models don’t include (Physical data model )\ 161.Scientists will have to come up (with ) new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. 162. Which of the following feature of a word processor becomes more useful with the growth of the amount of text?( wording searching) 163. Which of the following feature of a word processor can show underline, bold, italic, font and other typing styles on the screen? (WYSIWYG ) 164. Which of the following does NOT belong to hidden characters or commands? (retrieval) 165. Where is the Entry Bar of a worksheet?(below the icons of the worksheet ) 166. Which of the following can NOT be created by spreadsheets?(start chart ) 167. Which of the following message can be sent by E-mail without an attachment? (text message) 168. Which of the following can be applied for an E-mail message without an attachment? (none) 169. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the E-mail advantages? (none) 170. A private network-based E-mail system is not for (home users) 171. Which of the following is called a searching engine?(Web browser ) 172. Which of the following is NOT an Internet application?(file compiling) 173. To start an online chatting, a user needs to know the (Web address of an IRC client ) 174. Once a user starts an IRC client, the server on the IRC service provider side will provide the user a (channel ) 175. Which of the following is the primary function of the WWW? (accessing resources ) 176. Which of the following is NOT supported by the WWW? (File compiling) 177. To accommodate a binary number, which of the following of a computer doesn't have more digits than those for decimal numbers do? (keyboard ) 178. Which of the following unit provides signals to start the operations in the ALU the memory and the input/output unit? (control unit ) 179. What does IC stand for?( Intelligent Circuit ) 180. How many the most influential components does a computer system configuration include? (4 ) 181. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the most influential components of a computer system configuration? (the operating system ) 182. Which of the following memory will lose the data stored in it when the power is gone or a malfunction occurs? (the RAM) 183. The permanently useful data is stored in which of the following memory? (the ROM ) 184. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output?( voice) 185. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output device? (a monitor) 186. Which of the following belongs to an impact computer hardcopy output device? (a plotter ) 187. Which of the following is the major advantage of a DVD-ROM over a CD-ROM? (capacity ) 188. Which of the following is the major advantage of a CD-R or a CD-RW over a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM? (writing data) 189. Which of the following is the major advantage of a U-disk over a hard disk? (easy to carry ) 190. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevant terminologies?( data) 191. Which of the following is the most fundamental concept of computer software?(program ) 192. Which of the following does NOT belong to computer system software? (word processing program ) 193. Which function of a word processor can ensure typing correctness?(spell checking ) 194. What do users need to do with the spell-checked files to ensure their correctness?(proofread ) 195. Which of the following is NOT one of a word processor's functions?(compiling typed text ) 196. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevant terminologies?( data ) 197. A computer processes data into ( information). 198. Data flow into the computer as(input ). 199. Information flows from a computer as ( output ) 200. The ( stored program )distinguishes a computer from a calculator. 201. The physical components of a computer are collectively called( hardware ) 202. Programs are known collectively as( software ) 203. A physical switch is (hardware ); its setting is(software ). 204. A ( byte ) holds enough bits to store a single character. 205. A ( word )is a group of ( bytes ) 206. The " digit-times-place-value "rule work, with (numbers )but not with( characters ) 207. When memory is(read ).its contents are not changed. 208. The programmer can read and write(RAM ). 209. What type of memory can only be read? ROM 210. The processor's, components are synchronized by( clock pulses ) 211. Which processor component executes instructions? (arithmetic and logic unit ) 212. The basic input device on a small computer is a ( keyboard ). 213. The basic output device on a small computer is a( display screen ) . 214. A (printer ) generates hard- copy output. 215. External devices are linked to a small computer system through( control units ) 216.The (register ) translates between the computer's internal codes and a peripheral device's external codes. 217. A(remote ) terminal communicates with a distant computer over data transmission lines. 218. (Wide area ) network can be worldwide. 219. (Metropolitan area )networks usually span tens of kilometers. 220.(The network layer ) is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet. 221. (The physical layer ) is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. 222. The main task of (The data link layer )is to transform a raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors to the network layer. 223.(The session layer )allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. 224. The ( operating system )serves as ahardware/software interface.225. The source of a computer ’s logicis(software ).226. A disk drive is limited to afew( primitive operatios )227. Programmers write ( source )code.名词解释:1.class hierarchy 类层次2.XML 可扩展标记语言3.Intranet 内部网4.data bus 数据总线5.Operating system 操作系统6.CAD 计算机辅助设计7.Neural Networks 神经网络8. topology analysis 拓扑分析9.ADO ActiveX 数据对象10. multiprogramming 多道程序设计11. ODBC 开放数据库互连12.VR 虚拟现实13.cache memory 高速缓冲存储器14.FTP 文件传输协议15.system bus 系统总线16. GUI 图形用户界面17.ROM 只读存储器18.object-oriented programming 面向对象编程19.virtual reality 虚拟现实20.主存(Main memory )21.调制解调器(modem )22.可编程只读存储器 (PROM )23. off-line operation 脱机操作24.客户端/服务器(Client/Server )25.多媒体(Multimedia )26.虚函数(virtual function )27. neural network 神经网络28..VDT 视频显示终端29.EDI 电子数据交换30.CAM 计算机辅助制造31. RDBMS 关系型数据库管理系统32.database 数据库33.RAM 随机存储器工具条( toolbar )35.统一资源定位( URL )36.统一资源标识符( URI )37.人工智能( Artificial Intelligence )38. KDD 数据库中的知识发现39.面向对象(Object Oriented )40.图形用户接口(Graphical userinterface )41.中央处理器( CPU )42.计算机网络( computer network )43.国际互联网 (Internet )44.计算机辅助制造( CAM )45.软件工程(software engineering )46.视频压缩(video compression )47.算术逻辑部件( ALU )48.计算机应用(computer application )49.电子商务(Electronic Business )50.虚拟现实(virtual reality )51. EJB 企业(Java Beans )52.图形用户接口(Graphical userinterface )53.应用编程接口(API )54.视频点播VOD55. memory stick 记忆棒56.传输控制协议/互联网协( TCP/IP )57.万维网( WWW )58.地理信息系统( GIS )59. RAP 快速应用程序原型技术60.只读存储( ROM )61.系统软件( system software )62.磁盘操作系(DOS )63.结构化查询语言( SQL )64.虚拟专用网( VPN )65.开放式系统互( OSI )66.个人数字助理(PDA )67. VLSI 超大规模集成电路68.带宽(bandwidth )69.集成电路(integrated circuit )70.结构化编程(Structured programming )71.复杂指令集计算机(CISC )72.短信消息服务(SMS )73.PCI 外围设备互连74.real time operating system 实时操作系统75.OODBMS 面向对象的数据库管理系统76.abstract data type 抽象数据类型77.abstract data type 抽象数据类型78.bit:位,二进制位79.bitmap:位图80.boot:引导,自举81.cache:高速缓存82.CAD 计算机辅助设计83.capacity:容量84.cursor:光标85.desktop:桌面86.disk:硬盘87.document:文档 88.DVD:数字视盘 89.E-mail:电子邮件 90.Ethernet:以太网 91.Expert System 专家系统 92.field:域 93.font:字体 94.Hard disk 硬盘 95.HTML 超文本标记语言 96.HTTP:超文本传输协议 97.icon:图标 98.input:输入 99.instruction:指令 100.ISP 因特网服务提供商 101.item:条目 102.KDD 数据库中的知识发现 103.keyboard:键盘 104.MIMD:多指令流多数据流 105.mouse:鼠标 106.multiprogramming 多道程序设计 work communication 网络通信 108.off-line operation 脱机操作 109.output:输出 110.package:包 111.pixel:像素 112.pointer:指针 113.primary memory 主存 114.processor:处理机 115.RAM 随机存储器 116.real time operating system 实时操作系统 117.SIMD:单指令流多数据流 118.SISD:单指令流单数据流 119.sort:排序,分类 120.system bus 系统总线 121.throughput:吞吐量 122.topology analysis 拓扑分析 123.virtual reality 虚拟现实 124.WAN 广域网 125.Web site 网站站点 126.超文本标记语言( HTML ) 127.超文本传输协议(HTTP ) 128.程序(program ) 129.电子邮件(:E-Mail ) 130.防火墙:(firewall ) 131.封装 (encapsulation ) 132.工具条 ( toolbar ) 133.工作站(workstation ) 134.光驱:(CD-ROM ) 135.国际互联网 (Internet ) 136.机器人(robot ) 137.集线器(hub ) 138.计算机(Computer ) 139.计算机辅助软件工程 (CASE ) 140.键盘 (keyboard ) 141.可编程只读存储器 (PROM ) 142.可移植性 (transportability ) 143.客户端/服务器 (Client/Server ) 144.软盘驱动器( FDD ) 145.数据(data ) 146.数据库管理系( DBMS ) 147.搜索引擎 (search engine) 148.随机存取存储器(RAM ) 149.网络计算机(network computer ) 150.文件:(file ) 151.下载:(download ) 152.小型计算机系统接口 (SCSI ) 153.协议(protocol ) 154.芯片(chip ) 155.虚函数(virtual function ) 156.指令:(instruction ) 157.主关键字(key ) 158.专家系统(expert system ) 判断题: 1.CD-R recorders are used to duplicate CDs( T ) 2.CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. ( T ) 3.CD-R recorders are used to duplicate CDs T ) 4.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T ) 5.C is an Object-Oriented programming language. ( F ) 6.The system clock is the brain of a computer. ( F ) 7.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T ) 8.Cache memory is less expensive than RAM.( F) 9.CD-R recorders can be used to duplicate CDs( T ) 10.C++ language is a structured programming language. (F ) 11.Cache memory is as fast as RAM. ( T ) 12.C++ language is a structured programming language.( F) 13.Cache memory is more expensive than RAM.( T )14.CPU has only one fundamental section: the control unit. ( F )15.Internet resources are stored on Web servers. ( T )16.Windows 2000 is the first Windows operating system in a real sense.( F ) 17.We can view an operating system as a resource manager. ( T )18.Windows 95 is the first Windows operating system in a real sense. ( T ) 19.We can view an OS as a resource manager. ( T )20.We can view an operating system as a output hardware. ( T )21.WWW stands for World Wide Web. ( T )22.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )23.You can connect 120 devices to a computer by USB. (T )24.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )25.You can connect 127 devices to a computer by USB. ( T )26.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )27.Keyboard and mouse are both the input devices of the computer. ( T )28.Both the user names and the passwords must be unique for E-mail accounts.( F ) 29.Buffering is an approach to improving system performance. ( T )30.Buffering is an approach to improving system performance. ( T )31.ALU is one of the components of CPU.( T )32.A cache runs as fast as a RAM. ( F)33.An OS is the software which acts as an interface between a user and a computer. ( T )34.A buffer's capacity is low and price is high, and it runs as fast as a RAM. ( F ) 35.A CPU includes the ALU and the controller. ( T )36.ALU is one of the components of CPU. ( T )37.JAVA is a Object-Oriented programming language.(T )38.A scanner belongs to the output device. ( F )39.A U-disk belongs to the output device.( T )40.PROM is the abbreviation of portable read –only memory. ( F )41.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F)42.Printer is the input device of the computer. ( F)43.Microsoft Windows 2000 is an operating system of the computer. ( T )44.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F)45.Printer is the input device of the computer. ( F)46.PCIisabbreviationofperipheralcomponen tinterconnect.( T )47.Primary storage provides CPU with temporary storage for programs and data. (T)48.Printer is the I/O device of the computer. ( T )49.The system clock sends out pulses regularly. ( T )50.PDA is one of the components of CPU. ( F )51.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F )52.FTP is a protocol of the computer network. ( T )53.PROM is the abbreviation of portable read –only memory.(T )54.HTTP stands for High Transportation Port. ( F )55.Hard disks and floppies operate in different ways. ( F)56.Hard disk provides CPU with temporary storage for programs and data. (F)57.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T)58.HTML is used to write Web pages.( T)59.HTTP is used to locate Internet resources. ( F )60.VDT stands for video display terminal. (T)61.System bus provides a path for moving data between system modules. ( F )62.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB of data. ( F )63.There 3 main categories of optical laser disks: CD-ROM, DVD and VCD. ( F )64.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB of data. ( F )65.The user name must be unique for E-mail accounts. ( T ) 66.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F )67.The Web browser is used to display thedata stored on the Internet. ( T )68.The wide of the bus is also called the"word length". ( T )69.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F )70.The CPU is the brain of a computer( T )71.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F )72.To format a floppy means that magneticareas are created. (T )73.Microsoft SQL server 2000 is anoperating system of the computer. ( F )74.Microsoft Office 2003 is operatingsystem software. ( F )75.-DOS refers to Microsoft Disk OperatingSystem. ( T )76.MS Office 2000 is the first Windowsoperating system in a real sense. ( F )77.Microsoft Office 2003 is an operatingsystem software. ( F )78.MS-DOS is a Object-Oriented programminglanguage. ( F )79.MS Windows 2000 is a hardware componentof computer.(F)80.DVD provides CPU with temporary storageprogramdata.( F )81.JAVA is a structured programminglanguage. ( F )82.JAVA is a Object-Oriented programminglanguage. ( T )83.ROM is the abbreviation of read ofmemory. ( F )84.OS is the software which acts as aninterface between a user and a computer.( T )85.FTP is not a protocol of the computernetwork. ( F )86.FTP is a protocol of the computernetwork. ( T )87.Linux is an operating system. ( T )88.URL is used to locate Internet resources.( T )89.E-mail is a method of sending andreceiving messages on the Internet. ( F )90.XML is used to write Web pages.( F )91.A buffer's capacity is low and price ishigh, and it runs as fast as a RAM. ( F )92.A scanner belongs to the output device.( F )93.A U-disk belongs to the outputdevice.( T )94.Both the user names and the passwordsmust be unique for E-mail accounts.( F )95.C is an Object-Oriented programminglanguage. ( F )96.FTP is not a protocol of the computernetwork. ( F )97.Hard disk provides CPU with temporarystorage for programs and data. (F )98.HTML is used to write Web pages.( T)99.Linux is an operating system. ( T )100MS-DOS refers to Microsoft DiskOperating System. ( T )101.Primary storage provides CPU withtemporary storage for programs and data.(T)102.The smallest unit of the memory is themagnetic cell.( T)103. Magnetic cells use the "write" and"read" currents with same direction tostore and retrieve data.( F)104. The most influential component of acomputer system configuration is thememory.( F )105. Both ink-jet and laser printers arenon-impact printers; they are based on thesame principle. (F)106. Ink-jet printers have pins in theirprinting heads to form dots to produceprinted results.( F)107. A plotter is the popular hardcopyoutput device commonly used in theeducation sector. (F)108. Word processors ease much of tediumassociated typing, proofing. andmanipulating words. (T)109.The real strength of a word processoris its ability to store, retrieve , andchange data. (T)110.The implementation of the WWW is basedon a standard client-server model. (T)111.All Von Neumann type digital computersconsist of the input/output unit, thearithmetic unit, networking unit, thecontrol unit and the memory. (F)112.A scanner belongs to the input/outputdevice. (T)113. A binary number needs more computerresource to accommodate than a decimalnumber.(T)114.The operations on decimal numbers aremuch easier and need much less time than ina binary system. (F)115. HTML is so important to the WWW thatit is recognized every where on the WWW.(F)116. The Web server is the only componentof the WWW that is able to read the HTML.(F)117. Generally speaking, most of E-mailsystems do allow text formatting.(F)118. Users have to attach word-formattedtexts to their E-mail messages if they haveto send word-formatted texts. (T)119.Instantaneousness and high efficiencyare major advantages of the E-mailapplication. (T)连线题:1. Computer software A. provides supportfor application software.2.System utilities B refers toMicrosoft Disk Operating System.3.System software C is a set of computerprograms.4. Operating systems D. has been widelyused in CAD programs.5.MS-DOS E. are more suitable for PCusers.6. The Unix F. can be understood assystemtune-up programs.7. The Linux G. are truly powerfulenterprise-level computing tools.8. The Unix and Linux H. is the firstWindows operating system in a real sense.9. MS Windows I. has been adopted fornternet servers.10. Windows 95 J. are preloaded ontocomputers by computer makers.11. The storage device A. sends outpulses regularly.12. A CPU includes B. faster than a RAM.13.The wide of the bus C. the ALU and thecontroller.14. The system clock D. is used to readand write data.15. ROM E. belongs to the systemconfiguration of a computer.16. A buffer runs F. the buffer firstwhen it needs data to operate.17. A CPU searches G. exchangesections of data when necessary.18. A hard disk and a RAM H. is theextension of the RAM.19. A RAM I. is able to keep the datastored in it when the power is gone.20. The virtual memory J. is also calledthe "word length"连线结果:1-C 2-F 3-A 4-J 5-B 6-D7-I 8-G 9-E 10-H 11-E 12-C 13-J14-A 15-I 16-B 17-F 18-G 19-D20-H填空题:1.Thread is sometimes called lightweightprocess.2.A collection that stores objects of thesame data type is referred to asa homogeneous collection.3.A virus scanner is a program that isdesigned to check an entire computer systemfor known viruses or suspicious activity.4.A stack is a list of items that areaccessible at only one end of the list.5. Electronic Business is the integrationof IT and particularly the Internet intobusiness processes to change organizationsand create new ones.6. Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase the computer systemthroughput .7.The operating system acts as the managerof system resources and allocates them tospecific programs and users as necessaryfor their tasks.8.Hubs can be categorized as either CSMA/CDor full-duplexrepeaters.9.Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)is the technical term applied to a networksystem that uses multiple carrierfrequencies to allow independent signalsto travel through a medium.10、The Unified Modeling Language(UML)is agraphical language for visualizing ,specifying , constructing , anddocumenting the artifacts of asoftware-intensive system.11. Data query uses a set of commands toexplore the database contents and allowsthe user to convert the raw data into usefulinformation.12.Another important object-orientedconcept that relates to the class hierarchyis that common messages can be sent to theparent class objects and all derivedsubclass objects. In formal terms, this iscalled polymorphism.13.Anentity is an object , which can beuniquely distinguished from other objects.14.Remote teleworkers also have the optionto have an ISDN line installed to their homeor office , linking them to the corporateIntranet via a local internet serviceprovider(ISP).15.In predicate calculus , eachpredicate is given a name , which isfollowed by the list of arguments.16. Virtual functions utilize a table foraddress information.17.The MAC sublayer defines the CarrierSense Multiple Access with CollisionDetection protocol , which made Ethernetfamous.18.Pages are viewed with a browser .19.An expert system’s knowledge isobtained from expert sources and coded ina form suitable for the system to use in itsinference or reasoning processes.20.Windows managers manage the devicesused to exchange information betweenapplications and users.21.Methods are similar to the functions ofprocedure-oriented programming.The C++ class actually serves as atemplate or pattern for creating objects.22.The private section of a class limits theavailability of data or methods to theclass itself.23.Flash memory is intermediate betweenEPROM and EEPROM in bith cost andfunctionality.24.Inheritance in object-orientedprogramming allows a class to inheritproperties from a class of objects.25.The Entity-Relationship model( E-Rmodel )is based on a perception of a realworld which consists of objects calledentities and relationships among theseobjects.26.Linux is an operating system , whichacts as a communication service between thehardware and the software of a computersystem.27.Spooling provides a pool of jobs whichhave been read and waiting to be run.28.Data management uses a set of commandsto enter , correct , delete , and updatedata within the database tables.29.The pattern of the oscillation iscalled a waveform .30.Moore observed that the number oftransistors that could be put on a singlechip was doubling every year and 27. Toreduce design complexity , most networksare organized as a series oflayer( levels ) , each one built upon theone below it.31.correctly predicted that this pacewould continue into the near future.32.Thread is sometimes called lightweightprocess.33.A collection that stores objects of thesame data type is referred to asa homogeneous collection.34.A virus scanner is a program that isdesigned to check an entire computer systemfor known viruses or suspicious activity.35.A stack is a list of items that areaccessible at only one end of the list.36.Electronic Business is the integrationof IT and particularly the Internet intobusiness processes to change organizationsand create new ones.37.Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase the computer systemthroughput .38.The operating system acts as the managerof system resources and allocates them tospecific programs and users as necessaryfor their tasks.39.Hubs can be categorized as eitherCSMA/CD or full-duplexrepeaters.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
3
阅读方法
略读(Skimming),查读(Scanning) ,精读(Reading for full understanding )。 略读是指以尽可能快的速度进行阅读。 查读的目的主要是要有目的地去找出文 章中某些特定的信息。 精读是指仔细地阅读,力求对文章有深 层次的理解,以获得具体的信息。
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
13
专业术语的翻译
3. 形译 用英语常用字母的形象来为形状相似的物体定名,翻译时也可以通过具体形象 来表达原义,也称为“象译”。科技文献常涉及到型号、牌号、商标名称及代 表某种概念的字母。这些一般不必译出,直接抄下即可。另外,对于人名及公 司名等名称类的词汇,翻译时可直接使用原文。 I-shaped 工字形 T square 丁字尺 C network C形网络 X ray X射线 M-wing M形机翼 N region N区 Y-connection Y形连接 Zigzag wave 锯齿形波 Q band Q波段(指8毫米波段,频率为3646千兆赫) p-n-p junction p-n-p结(指空穴导电型—电子导电型—空穴导电型的结)
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
12
专业术语的翻译
2. 音译 音译就是根据英语单词的发音译成读音与原词大致相同的汉字。一般 地,表示计量单位的词和一些新发明的材料或产品,它们的汉语名称在刚 开始时基本就是音译的。或当由于某些原因不便采用意译法时,可采用音 译法或部分音译法。 Radar是取radio detection and ranging等词的部分字母拼成的,如译成 “无线电探测距离设备”,显得十分罗嗦,故采用音译法,译成“雷达”。 bit 比特(二进制信息单位) baud 波特(发报速率单位) quark 夸克(基本粒子,属新材料类) nylon 尼龙(新材料类) hertz 赫兹(频率单位) vaseline 凡士林(石油冻) penicillin 盘尼西林(青霉素)
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
9
翻译的过程
2、表达阶段 表达就是要寻找和选择恰当的归宿语言材料, 把已经理解了的原作内容重新叙述出来。表达的 好坏一般取决于理解原著的深度和对归宿语言的 掌握程度。故理解正确并不意味着表达一定正确。
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
10
翻译的过程
3、校对阶段 校对阶段,是理解和表达的进一步深化,是 使译文符合标准的一个必不可少阶段,是对原文 内容的进一步核实,对译文语言的进一步推敲。 校对对于科技文献的译文来说尤为重要,因为科 技文章要求高度精确,公式、数据较多,稍一疏 忽就会给工作造成严重的损失。
计算机专业英语
5
专业英语翻译概述
翻译是用一种语言把用另一种语言表示的内容准确 无误地重新表达出来,翻译不是原文的翻版或者复制, 从某种意义上来说是原文的再创作。其目的是使不懂原 文的读者能够了解原文所表达的科技内容。科技文章并 不要求像文艺作品那种形象化和感染性,但也必须文理 优美。忠实于原文并不等于死抠语法、逐词死译。而且, 还要使译文符合本民族语言的习惯,不必迁就原文语言 形式。一篇修辞正确、逻辑合理、语言简洁、文理通顺 的译文,让读者感觉不到翻译腔的存在,这正是我们为 之苦苦追求的目标。
计算机专业英语
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
1
1. 1.3.3 1.3.4 专业英语的阅读 专业英语翻译概述 专业术语的翻译 专业英语翻译的基本方法
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
2
专业英语的阅读 打好语言基本功 在阅读实践中提高阅读能力 掌握正确的阅读方法
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
8
翻译的过程
1、理解阶段 透彻理解原著是确切表达的前提。理解原文必 须从整体出发,不能孤立地看待一词一句。每种语 言几乎都存在着一词多义的现象。因此,同样一个 词或词组,在不同的上下文搭配中,在不同的句法 结构中就可能有不同的意义。一个词,一个词组脱 离上下文是不能正确理解的。因此,译者首先应该 结合上下文,通过对词义的选择,语法的分析,彻 底弄清楚原文的内容和逻辑关系。
2019/1/30 计算机专业英语 4
基本阅读技能
掌握所读材料的主旨大意。 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节。 根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。 既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的 逻辑关系。 根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申。 领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
2019/1/30
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
11
专业术语的翻译
1. 意译 意译就是对原词所表达的具体事物和概念进行仔细推敲,以准 确译出该词的科学概念。这种译法最为普遍,科技术语在可能情况 下应尽量采用意译法。采用这种方法便于读者顾名思义,不加说明 就能直接理解新术语的确切含义。 loudspeaker 扬声器 semiconductor 半导体 videophone 可视电话 copytron = copy + electron 电子复写(技术) E-mail = Electronic mail 电子邮件 modem = modulator + demodulator 调制解调器
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
6
科技翻译需要掌握的知识
掌握一定的词汇量 具备科技知识,熟悉所翻译专业 了解中西方文化背景的异同,科技英语 中词汇的特殊含义 日常语言和文本的表达方式以及科技英 语翻译技巧
2019/1/30
计算机专业英语
7
翻译步骤
(1) 通读整个句子,了解初步含义。重点注意谓语动词、连 词、介词、专用词组和实义动词以及暂时不了解的新词 汇。 (2) 决定是否分译,如何断句。原句标点和句型结构如何, 语态及时态如何,灵活组织,保持前后文之间的逻辑联 系和呼应关系。 (3) 决定汉语如何表达,如何组句,所选汉语词意是否确切。 译文是否要进行查、加、减、改或者引申译法。概念明 确、用词恰当、逻辑清楚、文字通顺。 (4) 翻译完成后要多读译文,是否通顺、能懂、上下文及逻 辑关系对不对等,即要译者自己懂,也要尽量使别人阅 读译文后也能懂,要为读者着想。