最新《商务跨文化交际》讲义(英文版)

商务跨文化交际

“跨文化传播”的概念:

什么是跨文化传播学呢？跨文化传播学是由美国人类学家、跨文化研究学者爱德华?霍尔在20世纪50年代建立的一门学科，其英文表达为“Intercultural

，在我国也翻译为“跨文化交际Communication 或Cross-cultural Communication”

学”或者“跨文化交流学”。跨文化传播学作为传播学的一个分支学科，旨在研究

来自不同文化背景的人们是如何进行交流以及研究如何提高跨文化交流技巧，跨越跨文化交流障碍的方法和途径。跨文化传播学是一门跨领域的学科，融合了人

类学、文化学、心理学以及传播学等领域的研究成果。跨文化传播的主要理论见

诸于有关文化差异（文化维度）的著作中，特别是吉尔特?????霍夫斯泰德（Geert Hofstede）、哈里? C. 特兰狄斯（Harry C. Triandis）、方斯?特龙皮纳尔斯（Fons Trompenaars）、沙龙?施瓦兹(ShalomSchwartz)及克里佛德?吉尔兹（Clifford Geertz）等人的著作中。目前，这些学者的相关理论已经广泛地运用到传播理论和传播情

景中，特别是商务、管理和市场营销之中。

爱德华?霍尔（1914年5月16日出生于美国的密苏里州），社会学/文化人类学博士后。20世纪50年代，爱德华?霍尔在美国美国政府部门的外派人员培

训学院（Foreign Service Institute）任教，对外派出国人员进行跨文化技能培训。

期间，他提出了“高语境”和“低语境”文化，并撰写了几部非常畅销的有关跨文化

传播的著作。

目录

1，General Introduction…，

2, What Does Cross-Cultural Communication Mean to Business People

3，How to Make Introduction

4，How to Deal with Business Cards

5，How to Schedule Visiting and Entertaining

6，ABC for Gifts Exchanging ,

7, Are There Any Differences in Male and Female’s Communication 8，How Are Roles Females Playing in International Business?

9, What Is the Range of Non-V erbal Communication in Business? …　

10，Similar Encoding and Decoding of Non-Verbal Signals

11，What Is Culture Conflict?

12，What Is Culture Shock，and Acculturation

13，What Is It Like at Negotiation Table

14，The Device of Stereotyping in Cross—Cultural Communication

15，How Can We Be International

Hofstede and his Five Cultural Dimensions

"Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster." Prof. Geert Hofsted霍夫斯泰德, Emeritus Professor, Maastricht University. Increasing internationalization has led to an appreciation that cultural differences are a key factor in getting things done in business. Working in France, Japan or the USA, for example, requires totally different styles of managing and co-operating.

Professor Geert Hofstede has developed a five-dimensional model which explains cultural differences in a unique and powerful manner.

Description for each of Hofstede's Dimensions

1.Power Distance权利距离Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.

2. Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive

in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which