高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧1：第一章：定语从句
高考英语阅读理解长难句应对技巧
高考英语阅读理解长难句应对技巧01分析方法1. 首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
2. 如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。
按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。
译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。
如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。
3. 如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。
4. 如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。
02注意事项1. 是否有同位语和插入语。
2. 是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。
3. 替代词的所指对象。
4. 判断并列成分的层次。
5. 句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。
6. 在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。
7. 非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。
8. 在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
03分析实例1. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。
高考英语长难句解读技巧
高考英语长难句解读技巧其实，再长再难的句子都可以回归为简单句。
而英语中最常见的简单句的类型就是“主语＋谓语＋宾语”或“主语＋系动词＋表语”。
所谓长难句只是在简单句的基础上把句子加长，比较常见的有如下几种情形：1. 在主语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同位语从句例：Students who go abroad for further study often should have the ability to live independently.这个句子的主语中心语是students，主语之后是一个who引导的定语从句。
...reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.这个句子的主语中心语是reports，中心语之后又嵌套了一个同位语从句，即that从句部分，这个句子的特殊之处在于，由于主语部分太长，为了平衡句子，把整个句子的谓语放在了主语部分之前，主语的中心语之后。
2. 整个主语部分由一个句子充当，即主语从句例：That the ancient Egyptians actually sailed to South America remains uncertain.这个句子的主语是一个由that引导的完整的句子。
3. 在宾语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同谓语从句例：I cherish the dream that one day I will be amply and justifiably rewarded as long as I work ceaselessly.这个句子的宾语中心语是dream，宾语中心与之后跟的是一个同谓语从句。
4. 整个宾语部分由一个句子充当，即宾语从句例：The workers claimed that their legal rights should be guaranteed.本句是由that引导的从句充当整个句子的宾语。
高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法
高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法是指在高考英语考试中，经典的长难句结构和其中关键词汇的用法。
在分析长难句结构时，需要对句子的主干和从句进行分析，弄清楚从句与主句的逻辑关系。
同时，还需注意从句中的定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的使用。
在词汇用法方面，需要注意一些经典的短语搭配、固定搭配和词义辨析等。
以下是一些常见的经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法：1.分析长难句结构：A. 定语从句：用来修饰前面的名词或代词，一般使用关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）引导。
例句：The boy who is reading over there is my brother.B. 状语从句：用来表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，一般使用连词（when, while, since, because, if, unless, so that）引导。
C. 名词性从句：用来作主语、宾语、表语等，一般使用连词（that, whether, if, what, who）引导。
例句：What he said is very important.2.重点词汇用法：A. 短语搭配：要熟悉一些常见的短语搭配，如make up, take place, break down等。
例句：I need to make up my mind before making a decision.B. 固定搭配：要掌握一些固定的词语搭配，如keep in mind, take into account, depend on等。
例句：You should keep in mind that practice makes perfect.C. 词义辨析：要注意一些词义相近但用法不同的词语，如affect和effect, accept和except, advice和advise等。
例句：The medicine will have an effect on your health.。
定语从句长难句
定语从句长难句定语从句长难句定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺整理的定语从句长难句相关知识，希望对你有帮助!一、定语从句的识别1、结构识别：名词+连接词+句子【例句】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的'作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
2、常用连接词：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as, whose关系连词：when, where, why, how介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子二、定语从句的处理方法1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
2、在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。
对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例句】There is something by virtue of which man is man.【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：1)There issomething. 2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing，用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前，得到：There is something of which man is man by virtue.三、例句分析【例句】Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。
专题06 长难句01：方法讲解(解析版)
专题06 阅读理解长难句方法（解析版）目录一、方法讲解 (1)高考真句1 (2)高考真句2 (3)高考真句3 (7)二、高考真题阅读理解经典长难句解析 (8)三、高考长难句分析练习 (9)全国I卷 (9)全国II卷 (13)全国III卷 (15)一、方法讲解英语句子是由“主干部分+三长两短一并列”组成的。
我们可把这个“三长两短一并列”称为构成英语句子的“组件”。
想要快速读懂一个句子，就要快速识别并准确译出每一个组件，再按照一定的逻辑将一个个组件连接起来。
这就是“组件分析三步法”。
Step 1: 做标记一般主语为名词，后面肯定会有定语从句，介词短语，非谓语等做后置定语，这时要把后置定语括起来，翻译为“..的”。
一般句子中隐藏的从句很多，此时应注意只要有主谓就可构成从句，就可括起来。
做标记时应按照上文中的方法，给“三长”加括号（或画横线），给并列词加方框，给并列项划下划线。
【例句】Li is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China. Li is a teacher(teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China).Step 2: 做直译Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). 翻译时可先处理为：李是个老师。
教什么的?教英语。
在哪儿教?在北京。
哪个北京?是那个首都。
谁的首都?中国的首都。
这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。
Step 3: 调语序上面的英语句子可以翻译成：“李是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。
”或者“李是个老师，在中国的首都北京教英语。
” 真题演练由于所举例子比较简单，所以上文中的Step2看起来或许有些多此一举。
解读高中英语长难句的技巧
考点剖析The car，which I saw yesterday，is too expensive.我昨天看到的那辆车太贵了.（which在非限制性定语从句中作saw的宾语，指代the car。
）He was disappointed，which I was not.他是失望的，而我不是。
（which在非限制性定语从句中作was 的表语，指代disappointed。
）三、关系代词who的用法关系代词who引导定语从句时，先行词通常为人，常在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，通常可以与that 互换。
例如：I don’t know anything about the man who wrote the article.我一点儿也不了解这篇文章的作者。
（who 在定语从句中作wrote的主语，指代先行词the man。
）The boy who you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（who在定语从句中用作talked to的宾语，指代先行词the boy。
）此外，当先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，还可以用whom；当先行词为人或物，关系代词在从句中用作定语时，则用whose。
例如：The boy whom you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（whom在定语从句中作talked to的宾语，指代先行词the boy。
）She lives in the room whose window faces south.她住在那间窗户朝南的房间。
（whose在定语从句中用作window的定语，指代the room’s。
）The girl whose name is Lily is in my class.那个叫莉莉的女孩在我班上。
（whose在定语从句中用作name的定语，指代the girl’s。
往年高考英语长难句解析（一）
往年⾼考英语长难句解析（⼀）1. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.（2010⼤纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解A篇）【解析】本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先⾏词the thing，that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引导表语从句，to 后⼜接⼀个宾语从句，表⽰⽆论是谁⽣病，and并列would go 和 be with。
【翻译】最感动我的⼀件事情是⽆论谁⽣病了，她都在其⾝边陪伴着他们。
2. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.（2010⼤纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇）【解析】 a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作为Mr. Wei 的同位语，that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引导⼀个定语从句修饰industry。
最后部分⽤了offering分词做后置定语对resort的修饰。
【翻译】北京第⼀家滑雪旅游开发商经理魏先⽣，看到了中国旅游市场迅猛发展，很快便借鉴了欧洲滑雪的经验，最近⼏年滑雪旅游在中国流⾏起来。
高考英语长难句知识点与语法突破
高考英语长难句知识点与语法突破在高考英语中，长难句往往是让许多同学感到头疼的问题。
但只要我们掌握了相关的知识点和语法，就能轻松应对，提升英语成绩。
一、长难句的特点长难句通常具有较长的长度、复杂的结构以及较多的修饰成分。
它们可能包含各种从句，如定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等；还可能有非谓语动词短语、介词短语等。
例如：“The book that I bought yesterday, which is very interesting, has been recommended by many friends” 这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”；“which is very interesting”也是定语从句，同样修饰“the book”。
二、长难句的知识点1、从句（1）定语从句：用于修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语。
关系词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
比如：“The man who is standing there is my teacher” （“who is standing there”修饰先行词“the man”）（2）状语从句：在句中充当状语，用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等。
常见的引导词有 when、where、because、if、so that 等。
像：“I will call you when I arrive” （“when I arrive”表示时间）（3）宾语从句：在句中作宾语，一般位于及物动词、介词之后。
引导词有 that、if/whether、what、who 等。
例如：“He said that he would come” （“that he would come”作“said”的宾语）2、非谓语动词（1）动词 ing 形式：可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
定语从句详细讲解+解题方法(超值精品)
• I’m talking about friends with who you can share almost everything. (错)
定语从句的关系代词
• Who or Whom?
• <2>WHOM在定语从句中不能作主语，但可以作宾 语或者表语。
• He is no long the man who/whom he was three years ago.
• a. who b. where c. when d. which • 【a. who; 先行词是students】
定语从句的解题思路
• 先行词的位置：
• 练习：
• After my talk with the professor, _____ was short but rewarding, I had a new outlook on the problem I was facing.
everything；(包括some，any，no，every) • 序数：the first, the fifth… • 最高：the best, the most outstanding… • 最后：the last • 恰好：the very, the right, the one, the only
定语从句的解题思路
• 找词成分选词
• <3>选关系词
• 从句中缺少主语、宾语，选：
• Who, whom, which, that
• 从句中不缺少主语、宾语，选：
• Whose, when, why, where
4
定语从句的关系代词
• 先行词是“人”：who, whom, that • Anger is a thief who/that steals away the nice
高考英语定语从句解题方法
高考英语定语从句解题方法1500字高考英语中，定语从句是一个常见的考点，也是一个相对容易出错的地方。
今天我们就来学习一下如何解答定语从句的相关问题。
一、定语从句的基本概念定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句，它充当形容词的作用。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对名词或代词进行限制或修饰，它是整个句子的一个必要部分，如果去掉它，整个句子的意思就会发生改变。
例如：The student who is sitting next to me is from China.在这个句子中，定语从句是“who is sitting next to me”，修饰名词“student”，它限制了“student”的范围，指的是坐在我旁边的学生。
如果去掉定语从句，句子就变成“The student is from China”，意思完全不同了。
2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对名词或代词进行进一步说明或补充，它不是整个句子的必要部分，如果去掉它，整个句子的意思仍然完整。
例如：Mary, who is my best friend, is going to study abroad.在这个句子中，定语从句是“who is my best friend”，修饰名词“Mary”，它对“Mary”进行了进一步的说明，但如果去掉定语从句，整个句子的意思仍然是“Mary is going to study abroad”。
二、解题方法了解了定语从句的基本概念后，我们来学习一下如何解答定语从句的相关问题。
下面以一些常见的题型为例进行讲解。
1. 定语从句的识别首先，我们需要识别出句子中的定语从句。
在英语中，定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等；常见的关系副词有：where, when, why等。
定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些
定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些定语从句长难句分析方法：A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。
因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。
We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.本句有两个由which引导的定语从句：第一个定语从句修饰的对象是science而不是chemistry;第二个定语从句修饰的'对象是chemical change 而不是result或matter译文:我们客户可以说，化学式论述物质的化学变化的科学，通过这种变化可能得到一种新物质。
B.要注意区分从句的层次定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。
一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。
分析句子的时候应注意区分。
The child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development.本句主语和谓语之间有三个定语从句，第一层是who is raised in an environmen，修饰的是the child ;第二层是where there are many stimuli ，修饰的是environment；第三层是which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses ，修饰的是stimuli 。
(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析详解第一节：找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们能够依照谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且，若是一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句能够是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。
如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment ---although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds;hadwas opposed --he; proposed --- no one;asked--he (asked 前面有and, 说明 asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，依照逻辑意义 asked应与ordered 并列 )。
这一句的骨干为“he ordered... asked ....”,“Declaring that...作状”语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同平常的蓄牧生殖技术来克隆人类，并命令严禁联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90 天内向白宫报告关于拟定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
2025年高考英语常见长难句知识点分析
2025年高考英语常见长难句知识点分析高考英语对于很多考生来说，长难句的理解和分析是一大难点。
在2025 年的高考中，这部分内容依旧会占据重要地位。
接下来，咱们就一起来详细剖析一下高考英语常见长难句的知识点。
长难句之所以难，主要在于其句子结构复杂、词汇量较大、语法点众多。
首先，句子结构方面，常见的有复合句、并列句等。
复合句中又包含了定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等。
定语从句在长难句中出现的频率较高。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“book”。
我们需要清楚关系词的使用规则，像“that”“which”“who”“whom”“whose”等，以及它们在从句中充当的成分。
状语从句也是常见的类型，如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句等。
“When I was a child, I often played in the park”这就是一个时间状语从句，“When I was a child”表示时间。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
“What he said is true”这是一个主语从句，“What he said”在整个句子中充当主语。
除了从句，非谓语动词的使用也增加了长难句的难度。
比如，“The girl standing there is my sister” 这里的“standing there”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“girl”。
还有一些长难句中会包含大量的短语和固定搭配。
像“be accustomed to”（习惯于）、“be addicted to”（沉溺于）、“put up with”（忍受）等等。
如果对这些短语不熟悉，就很难准确理解句子的意思。
此外，一些特殊的句式结构也会出现在长难句中。
高考英语重点难点部分(长难句的结构分析与学习方法)
高考英语重点难点部分（长难句的结构分析与学习方法）1. 复杂主句在长难句中，主句可能会包含修饰成分，使得句子变得冗长。
常见的修饰成分有定语从句、状语从句等。
例子1：主语修饰句子：The student who works hard every day is likely to succeed in the future.分析：主句：The student is likely to succeed in the future。
修饰部分：who works hard every day。
这是一个定语从句，修饰主语“the student”。
意思是“那个每天努力学习的学生”，使句子变得更具体。
简化理解：可以将句子简化为“The student is likely to succeed...”，然后再加上修饰成分来增强信息量。
例子2：谓语修饰句子：She spoke softly, trying not to wake the baby who was sleeping soundly.分析：主句：She spoke softly。
修饰部分：trying not to wake the baby。
这是一个现在分词短语，说明她说话的原因或方式。
它修饰谓语“spoke softly”。
定语从句：who was sleeping soundly，修饰“the baby”，给出了更多关于“baby”的信息。
2. 嵌套从句在长难句中，多个从句会嵌套在主句中。
我们需要弄清楚每个从句的关系，才能理解整个句子的意思。
例子1：嵌套从句句子：What surprised me most was that he completed the task which we thought was impossible.分析：主句：What surprised me most was... 这里的主句是“what surprised me most”。
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析整理版
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析第一部分：高中英语长难句解析在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。
不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。
下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。
一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。
其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
二、分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。
考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。
此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。
三、成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。
省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。
成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。
高考英语阅读理解分析长难句
高考英语阅读理解分析长难句1. 首先寻找连词：连词包含并列连词，从属连词和关系词，并且依据连词将长句划分成短句；2. 依据五大句型基本结构，判断短句的句子成分。
注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词（现在分词，动名词，过去分词，不定式），明确句子的谓语动词，剥离定语，状语，从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句：时间状语从句，定语从句When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析：(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。
注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译:当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句：目的状语从句，宾语从句The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析：(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词，指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do 的宾语；(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。
高考英语长难句考场攻略
第一章并列句一、并列句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句Eg: The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure.二、并列句的省略：相同部分可省略，不同部分保持不变Eg: The program keeps tracks of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.【考场攻略】：找到并列句省略的部分Eg: You can become a lawer in three years and you can become a medical doctor in four.You can become a lawer in three years and a medical doctor in four.Eg: He visited the Casino,he lost the $20 and he left.He visited the Casino,lost the $20 and left.第二章复合句（复合句=主句+从句）一．名词性从句①宾语从句1、宾语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作宾语2、宾语从句的写法：主句+连接词+从句（主句缺什么，连接词用什么；从句为陈述句）Eg:1）Dr.worm acknowledges that these figures are conservation. (that不作成分可省略)2）We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.3）I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me ,too.4）Why do so many Americans distrusts what they read in theirnewspapers?3、宾语从句的位置：（1）及物动词+宾语从句Eg：1）Scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.2）This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells…3）…users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(双宾)（2）介词+宾语从句Eg: 1)This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between court and politics.2)Those difference are swamped by how well each person “encodes”theinformation.（3）形容词+宾语从句(×)Eg: He felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.4、考研中常出现的三种宾语从句:（1）非谓语动词+宾语从句：（不一定是谓语动词+宾从，只要是及物动词就可加宾语从句）Eg: 1)You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.2)Neither of these pattern is borne out by the analysis,suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.（2）多个宾语从句：Eg: To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.（3）宾语从句后置，it作形式宾语：（条件：①宾语从句太长；②必须在主谓宾补的句子中）Eg: That kinds of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.②表语从句1、表语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作表语2、表语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可以省略Eg: 1)The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.2)Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an code.3)This is where developing new habits comes in.4)Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.3、表语从句的位置：位于系动词后③主语从句1、主语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作主语2、主语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；表达“是否”时，宾从、表从whether/if可任选其一，而主语从句只能用whetherEg: 1)What’s needed is a package deal.2)That the seas are being over fished has been known for years.3)What motivated him…was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”.4)Whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.3、主语从句的位置：（1）位于句首：谓语动词前（2）位于句末：主语从句太长，用it作形式主语Eg: 1)It didn’t matter what was done in the experiment.2)It is becoming less clear,however,that such a theory would be simplification. 4、主语从句用于写作：（1）It is done+主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）Eg: 1)This year,it was proposed that the system be changed…2)It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad…（2）It is+adj./n.+主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）Eg: 1)It is obvious that their views wre less fully intellectualized.2)It is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.④同位语从句1、同位语从句的含义:一个句子放到另一个句子里解释说明名词（原句不缺成分）2、同位语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；最常用的是that引导Eg: 1)Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thrity.2)Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting change is limited and mixed.3)A century years ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears…4)Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that”Circumstance do not make a person,they reveal him”.5)Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged familities,ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.3、同位语从句的位置：位于抽象名词后常见抽象名词：idea,opinion,fact,evidence,question,doubt,reason,theory,belief,possibility,chance,ho pe,contention,guarantee…【名词性从句小结】：四种名词性从句写法基本相同，位置不同一、定语从句1.定语从句的概念：一个句子放到另一个句子里作定语，修饰限定名词（同位语从句只能修饰抽象名词，而定语从句修饰限定任何名词）Eg: Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgement. (定语从句的每一个关系词都作成分)2.定语从句的写法：先行词n.+关系词+陈述句(1).先行词是事/物，关系词用which/thatEg: 1)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.2)Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.(2).先行词是人，关系词用who/whom(只能作宾语时用)/thatEg: 1）Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.2）Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.(3).先行词是人/物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词用whoseEg: 1）On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference,at some basic level,seems to be the natural world.2) This ,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(4).先行词是时间，关系词用whenEg: 1）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.(5).先行词是地点，关系词选择whereEg: 1）In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak(6).先行词是原因，关系词选择whyEg: 1）the other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.(7).特殊的关系词whereby=by whichEg: The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact thatteaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.关于定语从句的关系词的几点注意：①定语从句的关系词每一个都必须作成分，包括That②Whom指人，只能在作宾语时使用③When/where/why引导定语从句时，前面的先行词必须与之匹配④关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，都可以省略Eg: 1）All humans actually aware of the world they live in?2) these rules say they must value some assets at the price a third partywould pay.3.定语从句的分类：He will call his friend who is working in London.（限定性定语从句，先行词范围不明确，需限定，不要逗号隔开）He will call his mother,who is working in London.（非限定性定语从句，先行词范围明确，不需限定，需要逗号隔开）4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：①同位语从句是解释说明名词；定语从句是修饰限定名词（类似于形容词的作用）②同位语从句只能解释说明抽象名词；定语从句修饰限定任何名词补充1：特殊的非限定性定语从句（修饰整句话，关系词只能用which/as）Eg: 1）Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.2) A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of language,which is why children can learn it so quickly.3) Nevertheless,as any biographer knows,a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.4) As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in rencent years.补充2：介词提前的定语从句Eg: 1）Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment which they live in. Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live.2)…commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections which a sample is compared to.…commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.3）Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed…4)This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere,anytime.注意：介词可以提前，也可以不提前，但如果介词提前了：指人介词+whom，指物介词+which【考场攻略】：①找到从句不必纠结于从句的种类②非限定性定语从句可省略不看③找到定语从句和先行词…there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. (一般情况下从句挨着先行词，若从句没有挨着先行词，用代入法看是否合适) 二、状语从句1．状语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作状语。
高考英语长难句：定语从句与分词结构拆解
高考英语长难句：定语从句与分词结构拆解在高考英语中，长难句一直是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
而定语从句和分词结构更是长难句中的重难点。
理解并拆解这些复杂的句子结构，对于准确理解文意、提高阅读和写作能力都具有重要意义。
首先，让我们来了解一下定语从句。
定语从句在句子中充当定语，修饰先行词。
先行词通常是名词或代词，而定语从句则对其进行进一步的描述和限定。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”在这个句子中，“book”是先行词，“that I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，用来修饰“book”，说明是“我昨天买的那本书”。
定语从句的引导词有很多，比如 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
不同的引导词在使用上有一定的规则。
That 和 which 在很多情况下可以互换，但在一些特定的情况下，只能用其中一个。
比如，当先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时，只能用 that；当先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词前置时，只能用 which。
Who 和 whom 用于修饰人，who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语。
例如，“The man who is standing there is my teacher”（who 在从句中作主语）；“The man whom I met yesterday is my teacher”（whom 在从句中作宾语）Whose 表示所属关系，例如，“The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard”了解了定语从句的基本概念和引导词的用法后，我们来看看如何拆解定语从句。
以“ The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister”为例，我们首先找到先行词“the girl”，然后确定定语从句“who is wearing a red dress”，这样就可以把句子拆分成两个简单的句子：“The girl is my sister”和“She is wearing a red dress”通过这种拆解，我们能够更清晰地理解句子的结构和意思。
2024届高考英语用前置法搞定阅读长难句主从复合句定语从句翻译讲义
一、高考英语阅读长难句定语从句结构翻译方法—前置法如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词,那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。
但译成前置定语后要既不能影响原文所表达的意思,还要使整个句子的表达显得言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。
①定语的种类分为：前置定语和后置定语①定语的翻译方法：前置法和后置法前置法:把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带"的"的定语词组，放置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。
一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法，但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。
A.前置法方法论一：在采用前置译法的过程中,如果定语从句中的谓语不含有具体意义,可省译从句中的谓语。
这种译法很简便,也很有效。
The purposes for which electricity is used are numerous.电的用途很多。
For instance, one function of family relationship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have ourselves, and add the value of the attitudes we hold.例如，家庭关系的一个功能似乎是它支持了我们自己的形象，并增加了我们所持有的态度的价值。
The first two must be equal for all who are making contrast, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.如果要在智力方面进行任何比较，那么前两者对于所有进行对比的人来说都必须是相等的。
He is the only author which he was.他是唯一的作家。
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.我们得出了和他们相同的结论。
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高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧1：第一章：定语从句（共3页）（2007年高考英语阅读理解长难句解析）英语和汉语的定语很不同。
汉语定语只能前置,而英语中定语既可前置也可后置。
两者的不同,不仅表现在结构上,也表现在意义上。
英语中的定语从句有时从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对中心词加以限定。
因此,在对语法结构、上下文逻辑深刻理解的前提下,为了更明确表明这种逻辑关系,可将定语从句翻译成相应的状语从句。
同时值得注意的是,定语从句与中心词之间常有分割成分,而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常会被误认为定语从句的中心词。
因此,遇到这种结构,一定根据上下文和常识进行判断。
译定语从句时可采用提前译、顺序译、分译或转译等法。
1. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances/ in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.第一层：As far as the third factor is concerned状从1, the history 主of science 定shows 谓many 定instances 宾in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful定从resistance to further investigation ; in some cases 状centuries 主elapsed 谓before this resistance was eventually broken down, as 状从 2 happened in cosmology, for example.第二层：(状从1) As far as：引the third factor ：主语is：系concerned：表语。
(定从) in which 引the force 主of authority 定has operated 谓in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re- 状sistance to further investigation(状从2) before 引this resistance 主was 系eventually 状broken down, 表as happened in cosmology, for example 定语从句第三层：(定语从句) as 引happened 谓in cosmology, 状for example. 插入语要点：本句由两个分句构成,以分号连接。
第一个分句的主干为"the history of science shows many instances", "in which"引导的定语从句修饰"instances", "such ...as ..."表结果,后接不定式；在第二个分句中,before 引出时间状语从句："before this resistance was eventually broken down";代词"as"在此是关系代词,引出定语从句："as happened in cosmology"。
resistance:抵抗(力)；阻力。
cosmology:宇宙论,宇宙哲学译文：至于第三个因素,科学史中有许多事例表明,权威的力量起到这样一种作用：它给进一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下,要花上几个世纪的时间才能最终打破这道障碍。
例如,在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。
2. Behaviorists suggest /that the child// who is raised in an environment/// where there are many stimuli//// which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.第一层：Behaviorists 主suggest 谓that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his 宾语从句or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.第二层：(宾语从句) that 引the child 主who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity 定语从句for appropriate responses will experience 谓greater intellectual 定development. 宾第三层：(定语从句) who 引is raised 谓in an environment 状where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 定语从句第四层：(定语从句) where 引there 引are 系many 定stimuli 主which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 定语从句第五层：(定从) which 引develop 谓his or her 定capacity 宾for appropriate 定responses 要点：据上下文逻辑可看出,本句suggest的词义不是propose,而是bring an idea into the mind, 所以译为"…的看法是"。
who引的定从饰child,据上下文语义关系,翻译成条件句；where引的定从修饰environment,用合译法译出；which引的从句饰stimuli,用分译法翻译。
appropriate:适合的,相称的。
译文：行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激因素的环境里长大,而这些刺激因素能够开发其相应的反映能力,那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。
3. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism/ in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism /in which man and full development of his potentialities__ those of love and of reason __ are the aims of all social arrangements.要点：本句含有两个定从的主从复合句。
主句的谓语suggest可接动名词作宾语。
宾语中的transform常用"transform sth. from ... into..."结构中,译为"把…从…转变为…"。
句中两个in which分别饰先行词industrialism,译时宜采用前置法。
两破折号间的those of love and of reason为potentialities的同位语。
译文：我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的产业体制转变为一个充分发挥人的潜能--即爱和理智的潜能--为其全部社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体制。
4. President Kennedy wanted people/ who raised questions, /who criticized, /on whose judgment he could rely, /who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.要点：本句中"who...","who...","on whose...","who..."四个定语从句并列,共同修饰中心词"people"。
译文：肯尼迪总统需要提问题的人、能提批评意见的人、做出可靠判断的人以及能提出明智看法的人,而不问他们的级别和观点。
5. In the "soap war" between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.要点：此句结构较复杂,但主句简单,主语use,谓语is made。