长句的翻译
长句的翻译
长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑，今后货物一经订妥，就不可撤销，我们认为，这样才有助于更好地合作。
We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”，公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。
Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，英译时往往要分译。
1.盛夏炎热，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争，但军队天天在前方打仗，后方也唤工作忙，文章太长，有谁来看呢？Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句，英译时往往要分译。
汉译英长句的翻译方法
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时，可以采用以下几种方法：1.分割句子：将长句分割成较短的句子，每个句子表达一个完整的思想，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句：我昨天去了图书馆，借了一本关于历史的书，然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译：I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句：将长句中的一部分转换为从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词（如that, which, who, when, where等）引导从句。
例句：她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议，这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译：She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句：将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词（如that, which, who, whom等）引导定语从句。
例句：我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩，他总是很友好。
英文翻译：I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略：可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息，使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句：我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影，然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译：I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法，根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度，可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
长句的翻译
1. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.通常看一个读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴。
无论是书友还是朋友，我们都应该以最好的为伴。
But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.但如果你放下了一本你不喜欢看的书而不断地去找寻另外一本对你有意义的书，因为这样一本书让你得到消遣放松，你确定很享受——因为阅读，你变得更好，更聪慧，更和善或者说更文雅，如果没有阅读的过程你什么也享用不了。
He felt that books and the knowledge in them were part of a world that was against him, a world to which he did not belong and which he did not want to enter, the world of which the hateful teachers were representatives and symbols.他认为这本书和书中的知识只是违背他自身世界的另一个世界，一个他不存在也不想介入的世界，一个可恨的老师们代表着和标榜着的世界。
定语从句与长句的翻译
Try to translate: Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. ［译文］行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。
诚实的人最聪明。
发光的不都是金子。
供给避难所
定语从句
Try to translate: He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
05
我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。
单击此处添加大标题内容
余额
Try to translate: As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead. 走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。 In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
文言文长句摘抄翻译
原文：夫天地者，万物之逆旅也；光阴者，百代之过客也。
而浮生若梦，为欢几何？古人秉烛夜游，良有以也。
况阳春召我以烟景，大块假我以文章。
会桃李之芳园，序天伦之乐事。
群季俊秀，皆为惠连；吾人咏歌，独惭康乐。
幽赏未已，高谈阔论，引以为流觞曲水。
明日隔山岳，世事两茫茫。
翻译：天地之间，万物如过客一般；光阴流转，百代如过客一般。
然而人生如梦，又能欢乐几何？古人手持灯笼夜游，实在是有其道理。
何况春天用美丽的景色召唤我，大自然用华丽的文章赋予我。
在桃花李花的芬芳园中，享受天伦之乐。
众兄弟才华横溢，如同谢惠连；我等吟咏歌赋，却独感惭愧康乐。
在幽静的赏景中尚未结束，高谈阔论，以此作为流觞曲水。
明日山岳相隔，世事如同茫茫大海。
此段文言文描绘了一幅春夜宴会的场景，通过对天地、光阴、人生等元素的描绘，表达了作者对美好时光的珍惜和对世事的感慨。
以下是对文中部分长句的摘抄及翻译：1. 夫天地者，万物之逆旅也；光阴者，百代之过客也。
摘抄：夫天地者，万物之逆旅也；光阴者，百代之过客也。
翻译：天地之间，万物如过客一般；光阴流转，百代如过客一般。
2. 会桃李之芳园，序天伦之乐事。
摘抄：会桃李之芳园，序天伦之乐事。
翻译：在桃花李花的芬芳园中，享受天伦之乐。
3. 群季俊秀，皆为惠连；吾人咏歌，独惭康乐。
摘抄：群季俊秀，皆为惠连；吾人咏歌，独惭康乐。
翻译：众兄弟才华横溢，如同谢惠连；我等吟咏歌赋，却独感惭愧康乐。
4. 明日隔山岳，世事两茫茫。
摘抄：明日隔山岳，世事两茫茫。
翻译：明日山岳相隔，世事如同茫茫大海。
通过对这些长句的摘抄及翻译，我们可以感受到文言文独特的韵味和深厚的文化底蕴。
在品读文言文的过程中，不仅可以领略到古人的智慧，还能陶冶情操，提升审美情趣。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。
使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。
长句的翻译
译文： 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育， 中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化， 必须根据这一历史背景考虑人到老年的问题。
分析：这是一个因果句，against 引导一个原因状语从 句。按照汉语先说原因后说结果，先叙述事实后表明 见解的习惯，翻译时需倒译。
【4】Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often wiling to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
down and sending out wireless messages, the lieutenant（中尉） confusedly studying the map to
make out what the messages meant and appealing for aid now and then to the sergeant（中士） .
译文： 这个年轻人走了很远的路之后碰上了一个愚蠢的人，这个 人把一条裤子系在两棵树之间，正在尽全身力气向上跳，想在落 下来时两条腿正好套进两只裤脚里去。
二、逆译法
如果语序跟汉语习惯不同，甚至完全相反时。
2.1 改变定语顺序 （前置到先行词前）
【2】 The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China .
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
英语长句的翻译
顺序法
• Always obey your parents—when they are present. • 父母的话总是要听的---当然是他们在身边的时候. • 这是美国作家马克· 吐温在一次关于学生该不该听从父母的管教的演讲 时,所讲的一句话.它妙就妙在将限定语放在了后面,这其实是对前面忠 告的一种否定. • It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. • 译文一:世间有这样一条公认的真理---凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶 个太太. • 译文二: 有钱的单身汉想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理. • 从句法上看,英语原文可视为 “圆周句”,读者以为作者将郑重其事地 宣告一个举世公认的真理,然而读到最后一个词却出乎意料地发现,所 谓”举世公认的真理,只不过是市侩的庸俗意识而已.翻译Austen这句 名言时,我们应该充分考虑原文的这些特征,即”先庄后谐”. •
状语从句的翻译
• 引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本上可以 在汉语中找到对应的关联词,但有时不必翻 译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省 略.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句 之前或之后均可. • The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁 • If winter comes, can spring be far away? • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
长句翻译100句
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
英语中长句的翻译
Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1。
何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型，英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活，前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展.英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句.多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句）并存的长句比比皆是.因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解，所以英语长句翻译成为难点.3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：（1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句)，从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词.（3）分析从句和短语的功能, 例如，是否为主语从句, 宾语从句，表语从句等，若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
（5）注意插入语等其他成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development。
长句的翻译
长句翻译汉语是以分析形式为主的语言，句子结构比较松散。
有时一个句子里存在不少并列成分，但并没有连接词把其中的逻辑关系明显地表现出来。
英语是以综合形式为主的语言，句子结构比较严谨，各个句子成分之间的逻辑关系需要明确彰显。
两种语言在语法结构上的差异加大了长句翻译的难度。
（1）原序对译即顺译法。
这种方法多用于单一主语的长句，但要分清句中的信息重心。
汉语的信息重心在许多情况下不体现在形式上，而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
而英语句子很注重信息的主次之分，主要信息放在突出位置，次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
所以汉译英时，应该把汉语隐性主次关系发掘出来，译成英语的主次表达方式。
通常，汉语中表示“结果、行为动作、推论结论、本质、目的”的部分会译成英语的主句或谓语部分；汉语中表示“时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、方法、手段、状态、说明、解释、非本质、修饰、否定”的部分，在英语中则以从句或非谓语动词的形式体现。
例1：原文：当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。
（2005年真题）译文：As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.例2：原文：…一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
（2003年真题）译文：Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.例3：原文：我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。
13_长句的翻译
①A world Bank report… insists that…
一份世界银行的报告……坚持认为
②A world Bank report was released at the time of the
conference. 在这次会议上公布了一份世界银行的报告
③The conference ended on 10 November.
包孕
包孕就是指将英语后置修饰成分(包括各种词组或从句)在 汉译时放在中心词(即被修饰成分)之前，使修饰成分在汉 语句中形成前置包孕。修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序。因 此，只要修饰成分不要过长，汉译后没有拖沓之嫌，我们 可以尽量译成前置包孕，这样可以使句义十分紧凑，结构 上整体感强。
The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its function． 大会得设立其认为于行使职务所必需之辅助机关。
Translation of Long Sentences
英语长句的翻译
长句翻译的步骤
1. 削去枝蔓，找出主干（将英语长句的“大树”解构）
2. 条分缕析，理清关系（将长句中的各从句理清关系） 3. 确定单位，各个击破（忠实原句，准确理解各从句 的含义） 4. 调整搭配，重新组合（将各部分重构成“竹子”） 5. 核对原句，润饰原句（译成通顺的汉语）
A world Bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10 November, insists that Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing. Complex Sentence 主干：A world Bank report… insists that… 分支： a. A world Bank report was released at the time of the conference. b. The conference ended on 10 November. c. Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing
长句的翻译
改译：最后，成立了一个小组，试图来调和两国之间的 分歧。这是最后的一点希望，其实人们对其结果并不真 正抱有信心。
“改译”在忠实于原文的前提下，突破原文句子结构的限制，按 照汉语的表达习惯，灵活地遣词造句，使得译文更加自然晓畅、 通顺达意。
个句子的中心内容及其各层意思入手，然后分析几层意思 这句的主句是Such is human nature in the west，翻译
但中间的by studying or trying to.
之间的相互逻辑关系（因果、时间顺序等），再按照汉语 播音做准备，以防出现某种始料未及的事情。
他说他不能解释为什么共和 遭到了如此惨 第一节 英语长句的翻译
第翻的一译节 时特，英先语点把长从句句和的按翻照译表汉语达的表达方习惯式重新，组合后正独 确地译出原文意思。下面着重介绍 邀i四n 请ca我s种e做so演m翻讲et的hin那译g个. 团英体 语长句的方法：顺译法、逆译法、分译法和综 合译法。 有些英语长句顺译或逆译都感不便，分译也有困难，这时
这种情景最终会使共和 失去在众议院中长期 第一节 英语长句的翻译 或主句与修饰语间的关系并不密切，翻译时，就应该在理 英语长句的特点是重点内容在前， 他说他不能解释为什么共和 遭到了如此惨
一、顺译法
第一节 英语长句的翻译
• 例： Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risking destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
长句的翻译
School programs will be much more responsive to what the child is capable of thinking, which will minimize over-challenge and under-challenge.
组、独立分句或融合为主语的一部分。
例如：The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.
译文：它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这使人们觉得有些乱。
采用前置法，使限制性定语从句成为汉语中做定语的词组。
译文：当我们嫉妒一个成绩更好的学生时，我们正在自我诋毁。
英语中，逻辑顺序通常是：结果在先，原因在后；推论在先，条件在后；事实在先，让步在后。汉语则相反：先因后果，先条件后推论，先让步后转折。因此，翻译时应注意按照汉语习惯调整语序。
例如：
In August1974，the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.
例如：
The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit.
英语翻译长句翻译的译文
Translation Exercises: (长句的翻译3)Sentence translation:1. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。
2.They aorked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
3. There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
4. There are some metals which posess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
5. This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电。
6. Fine grains of dust can reflect blue light, which coars grains of dust cannot.微粒粉尘能反射蓝光，但粗粒粉尘却不能。
7. A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air.固体燃料，如煤和木材，只能在表面燃烧，因为表面接触空气。
8. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。
长句翻译
长句翻译：1. A youngester who has no playmates of his age livingnearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近没有同龄玩伴相伴的小孩可能会在幼儿园中改善很多。
2.Each team plays ten or eleven games each season whichbegins in September and ends in November.从九月起到十一月，每个队每个赛季打九或十场比赛。
3.We have seen many chemical changes, from whichphysical changes are different.我们观察到了许多化学变化，这和物理变化截然不同。
4.It is he who received the letter that announced the deathof your uncle.是他收到了你叔叔去世的通知信。
5.He did not remember his father who died when he wasthree years old.在他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此有关父亲的记忆一片空白。
6.Behold! That golden sea with dazzling wavesmountain-high----an immensity of wheat for three days’fly, where my father stands shoulder-high, my elderbrother exposing only his head, my granny falling into thesea upon her tread, above me golden billows surging likea crest of hundred feet and I hold my breath, jumping twotimes and three, which ends in a failure to reach the earsof wheat!看！那片金色海洋，波光闪闪，浪比山高---那是一片无边无垠的麦田，即使鸟儿也要飞行三天。
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长句的翻译1．什么是英语长句?英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
2．英语长句的特点是什么?一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4）并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现。
3．英语长句的分析方法是什么?1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
4．长句翻译方法In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析：第一，拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days.第二，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…。
（2）crying 后面是状语从句“as if his heart would break”。
（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。
第三，难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。
参考译文：在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。
一般来说，长句的翻译有顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法四种。
现将各种方法举例说明如下：1）顺序法有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。
例如：Combined with digital television sets, videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound which provides theatre quality-amazing reality by which the viewers may have an illusion that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them.分析：按意群的关系，该句可以拆分为五部分:Combined with digital television sets/videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound/which provides theatre quality-amazing reality/by which the viewers may have an illusion/that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them.除了必要的增减词，原文各句的逻辑关系，表达次序与汉语基本一致，因此可以按原文译出。
参考译文：与数字式电视机相结合，图像光盘不仅可以演电影，还提供环境声音，产生电影院效果——令人吃惊的真实感，使观看者产生一种错觉，以为他们在现场目睹他们周围发生的一切。
2）逆序法“逆序法”又称“倒置法”，主要指句子的前后倒置问题。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
逆序法在长句的翻译中，我们可根据不同的情况按意群进行全部逆序或部分逆序。
例如：There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.分析：该句可以拆分为三部分:There are many wonderful stories to tell about/the places I visited/the people I met.这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，所以采用逆译法。
参考译文：我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.分析：该句可分为三部分:There was little hope/continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose/in a neighborhood that was strange to me.第一、二层次是表示结果，第三层次表示原因，按照中文的表达习惯，常把原因放在结果前面。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
参考译文：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
3）分译法“分译法”又叫“拆译法”，有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，这符合汉语多用短句的习惯。
为使意思连贯，有时还可适当增加词语。
考生必须注意的是，分译的目的是化长为短、化整为零，消除译文的阻塞;分译后的译文必须连贯，有整体感。
例如：He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.分析：这个英语句子，有两个介词短语，代表两层意思，表示什么时候，生了什么病。
翻译时打破原句的结构，按汉语造句的规律重新安排。
参考译文：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。
I was on my way home from tramping about the streets, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the Mathews Gallery.分析：这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
参考译文：我夹着画稿，在街上兜了一番，回家的路上无意中发现自己逛到了马太画廊的门口。
4）综合法有些英语长句顺译或逆译都不合适，分译也有困难，单纯的使用一种译法不能译出地道的汉语时，就应该仔细推敲，或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。
例如：When Hetty read Arthur’s letter she gave way to despair. Then, by one of those conclusive, motionless actions by which the wretched leap from temporary sorrow to life-long misery，she determined to marry Adam.分析：该句可以分解为五个部分:When Hetty read Arthur’s letter/she gave way to despair/by one of those conclusive，motionless actions/by which the wretched leap from temporary sorrow to life_long misery/she determined to marry Adam.首先，第四部分是修饰第三部分的，对第四部分采用“分译法”，然后再适当地根据汉语的表达习惯调整语序，增减词语，对句子进行综合处理。
参考译文：海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入绝望之中。
后来，她采取了一个不幸者常常采用的那种快刀斩乱麻的行动:嫁给了亚当，从而陷入了终身的痛苦，为的不过是跳出那一时的悲伤。
语序调整是保证句子通顺的关键所在。
由于长句的翻译大多需要将原句拆分成多个较短的句子，并且要通过多个短句表达出原来长句的修饰关系和意思，汉语句子的逻辑关系在很大程度上依靠各语法单位在句中的顺序得以表现。
所以语序的调整是长句翻译中极其重要的一个环节，直接关系到意思是否完整，句子是否通顺。
语序调整是各类词语翻译方法和各种特殊句型翻译的综合运用。
5．长句翻译实践1）So don’t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven’t heard before，you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesn’t know it either.2）I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.3）The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry for help in combating the notion that it is undemocratic to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls.4）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.5）He felt that books and the knowledge in them are part of a world that is against him, a world to which he does not belong and which he does not want to enter, the world of which the hateful teachers are representatives and symbols.6）But as the song surged up in increasing loudness, even the most timid lost their fear and joined in, and all the things Tom had said at the meeting in the ball-room, things that they hadn’t believed or had only half-believed, became suddenly and powerfully true.7）For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.8）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.9）It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.10）They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。