2012年中山大学外国语学院241英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
中山大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年.doc
中山大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.中国古代的科举制度是从哪一个朝代开始实行的?______∙ A.东汉∙ B.西汉∙ C.隋朝∙ D.唐朝（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.以下西方作家与文学著作的配对中，哪一个不正确?______∙ A.Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest∙ B.Charles Dickens Silas Marner∙ C.George Eliot Middlemarch∙ D.Henry James The Ambassador（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.“All roads lead to Rome.”这句英语谚语通常翻译成“条条大路通罗马”。
如果用中国的成语表达这一谚语，以下哪一选项最为合适?______∙ A.生死殊途∙ B.殊途同归∙ C.不谋而合∙ D.不约而同（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.古人的年龄有时不用数字表示，不直接说出某人多少岁或自己多少岁，而是用一种与年龄有关的称谓来代替。
如“而立”是男子三十岁，“不惑”是男子四十岁。
请问：“弱冠”是男子______。
∙ A.三四岁至八九岁∙ B.八九岁至十三四岁∙ C.十五岁∙ D.二十岁（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.穿越剧是最近几年流行起来的一种影视剧形式，其鲜明标志是剧情或多或少涉及穿越的内容。
穿越是穿越时间和空间的简称，通俗地讲是指某人物因为某原因，经过某过程(也可以无原因无过程)，从所在时空(A时空)穿越到另一时空(B时空)的事件。
影视剧剧情基本以此为线索展开。
如《魔幻手机》《穿越时空的爱恋》《寻秦记》《宫锁心玉》等。
以下哪本英文小说有穿越的内容?______∙ A.Robinson Crusoe∙ B.A Tale of Two Cities∙ C.Rip van Winkle∙ D.The Light of August（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.下列各种法律解释中，其效力同被解释的法律一样，具有普遍约束力的是______。
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.The old couple moved to the countryside______their health for the doctor said fresh airwould do them good.（分数：2.00）A.for the sake ofB.because ofC.In case ofD.in spite of2.Lover of towns______I am. I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whereC.whoD.as3.She was trying______by the teacher in class.（分数：2.00）A.avoiding questioningB.avoiding to questionC.to avoid being questionedD.to avoid questioning4.______, I must do another experiment.（分数：2.00）A.Be it ever so lateB.It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD.So late it be ever5.He might have been killed______the arrival of the police.（分数：2.00）A.except forB.but forC.withD.for6.He"s______as a "bellyacher"—he"s always complaining about something.（分数：2.00）A.who is knownB.whom is knownC.what is knownD.which is known7.The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a year.（分数：2.00）A.hasB.would haveC.haveD.will have8.Until then, his family______from him for six months.（分数：2.00）A.didn"t hearB.hasn"t been hearingC.hasn"t heardD.hadn"t heard9.Nowhere but in the continuous research work ______find the meaning of his life.（分数：2.00）A.for him toB.he canD.can he10.In order to escape from the boring and heavy study tasks, many students choose to play video games to feel______.（分数：2.00）A.emotionally highB.high emotionalC.high emotionallyD.emotional high11.By the time Bob arrives in Beijing______.（分数：2.00）A.we have been staying here for two daysB.it has been for two days we have stayed hereC.it is already two days before we have arrived hereD.we will have stayed here for two days12.Carmakers challenged the law, in part______C02, was not an air pollutant.（分数：2.00）A.on the groundB.on groundC.on the ground thatD.on ground that13.______in a famed university abroad was what his parents wished for.（分数：2.00）A.The boy to be cultivatedB.The boy cultivatedC.The boy"s being cultivatedD.The boy was cultivated14.We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all______.（分数：2.00）A.reserved forB.engaged fored upD.taken up15.In spite of his______appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man"s.（分数：2.00）A.agingB.agedC.being agedD.having aged16.Sales usually go up in the stores during December, but______again after Christmas.（分数：2.00）A.drop offB.drop outC.drop byD.drop down17.It was impolite for you to leave without saying goodbye; you really______have done so.（分数：2.00）A.shouldn"tB.wouldn"tC.couldn"tD.mustn"t18.The detective and his assistant have begun to______the mysterious murder.（分数：2.00）A.look intoB.see toe through19.______travels faster than______.（分数：2.00）A.The light, soundB.Light, the soundC.Light, soundD.The light, the sound20.Being wronged, the little girl tried to______her tears at first, but on seeing her mother, she burst out crying.（分数：2.00）A.keep awayB.keep toC.keep upD.keep back21.Their refusal to sign the international treaty was______by many countries in the world.（分数：2.00）A.announcedB.denouncedC.renouncedD.pronounced22.When she saw how frightened he was at his mistake, her anger began to______.（分数：2.00）A.fade awayB.die awayC.fall downD.die down23.Mary is so__________about her weight that she doesn"t eat staple food at all.（分数：2.00）A.sensibleB.sensationalC.senselessD.sensitive24.His dog was______by a truck last night and died immediately.（分数：2.00）A.run intoB.run overC.run outD.run through25.The Christmas presents were all______in shiny paper.（分数：2.00）A.done overB.done withC.done outD.done up26.The diamond is very big. It______any diamond that I"ve ever seen.（分数：2.00）A.dwellsB.dwarfsC.distainsD.dwindles27.Mary became ______ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.（分数：2.00）pletelyB.sincerelyC.absolutelyD.increasingly28.It is well known that knowledge is the______condition for expansion of mind.（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable29.The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ______attitude toward customers.（分数：2.00）A.impartialdC.hostileD.opposing30.Since it is too late to change my mind now. I am______to carrying out the plan.（分数：2.00）A.obligedmittedC.engagedD.resolved二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness. Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion. Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends. I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties , fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells " happiness". But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he"s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night"s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don"t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time; now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Fun creates long-lasting satisfactionB.Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.C.Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.D.Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.(2).To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to______.（分数：2.00）A.write memoir after memoir about their happinessB.tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with funC.teach people how to enjoy their livesD.bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties(3).In the author"s opinion, marriage______.（分数：2.00）A.affords greater funB.leads to raising childrenC.indicates commitmentD.ends in pain(4).Couples having infant children______.（分数：2.00）A.are lucky since they can have a whole night"s sleepB.find fun in tucking them into bed at nightC.find more time to play and joke with themD.derive happiness from their endeavor(5).If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will______.（分数：2.00）A.stop playing games and joking with othersB.make the best use of his time increasing happinessC.give a free hand to moneyD.keep himself with his familyFilm has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play; Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens. Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much "filling in" by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered. Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally "read" films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story. Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character; Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.（分数：10.00）(1).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：2.00）A.The uniqueness of film.B.The importance of film analysis.C.How to identify the techniques a film uses.D.The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.(2).Why is it not handy to study film?（分数：2.00）A.Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.B.Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplayC.Because a film is too complicated.D.Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.(3).From the third paragraph we learn that______.（分数：2.00）A.the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to film analysisB.a good film and a good story have many elements in commonC.we should not pay extra effort to study filmsing the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis(4).Why can"t we divide film into various elements for analysis?（分数：2.00）A.Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.B.Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyze themC.Because films elements are too complicated.D.Because films need not to be analyzed in detail.(5).What does the word "it" refers to in the last sentence of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The analytical method.B.The fragmenting technique.C.Ease.D.Convenience.Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man"s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential , are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite thecontrary : it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly , to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, it is true that______.（分数：2.00）A.artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB.artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC.artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD.artistic creations are the reflection of the material world(2).The welding techniques______.（分数：2.00）A.can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB.permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC.can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor"s designsD.can make artists adaptable to surroundings(3).We can learn from the text mat Freud"s studies______.（分数：2.00）A.are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB.have influenced other scientific inventionsC.cause SurrealismD.have infiltrated Surrealism(4).Which of the following is tree about Surrealists?（分数：2.00）A.They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences.B.They tried to express their subconscious world.C.They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D.They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.(5).The sentence " But this has rarely been a one-way street. " in the last paragraph means that______.（分数：2.00）A.contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB.modern science has been nourished by artC.artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD.the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualWhen we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another study sheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into account. Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we"re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body"s normal 24-hour cycle. After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain. In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of theUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested me weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKK ∈ , which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKK ∈ genes a diet of high-fat chow. Because IKKE"s main job is immune defense, Saltiel"s team didn"t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don"t gain as much weight but also don"t get diabetes, don"t get insulin resistance, and don"t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKK e " an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease. " Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKK ∈ . He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKK ∈ may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the swine flu comes along, that"s it. Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper Frank Scheet, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that " you could see something happening [ to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That"s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days. " Together, the papers suggest that there"s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek, "It"s clearly not just calories in versus calories out. "（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word "nocturnal" mean in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Hungry.B.NightlyC.HealthyD.Greedy(2).Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to Fred Turek"s research?（分数：2.00）A.The nocturnal mice and the off-schedule mice ate different pellets.B.The off-schedule mice ate significantly more and are more lively.C.If the nocturnal mice consume calories during the day, it should be very harmful.D.After 6 weeks, the group of mice ate at night gained more weight.(3).Which of the following statements about IKK ∈ is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.The basic job of IKK ∈ is to protect the body from diseases.B.IKK ∈ is a kind of protein.C.IKK ∈ is linked with many immune diseases.D.The mice missing IKK ∈ genes gain much more weight.(4).According to the passage, what"s Tom Maniatis"s attitude towards the second study?（分数：2.00）A.Doubting.B.Supportive.C.Negative.D.Neutral.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.IKK ∈ ; an appealing drug target for losing weight.B.Teach you how to lose weight.C.New researches about losing weight.D.Calories in versus calories out.Few modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who died in 2003. Despising the " drab uniformity of the modem world" , Sir Wilfred slogged across Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. Hedelighted in killing lions in Sudan in the years before the Second World War, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked "soft" living and "intrusive" women and revered murderous say ages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of masochistic endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, Arabian Sands, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and The Marsh Arabs, about southern Iraq, have a terse brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the point of oblivion, they are unrivalled. Sir Wilfred"s critics invariably sing the same chorus. They accuse him of hypocrisy, noting that his part-time primitive lifestyle required a private income and good connections to obtain travel permits.They argue that he deluded himself about the motives of his adored tribal companions. In Kenya, where he lived for two decades towards the end of his life, his Samburu "sons" are calculated to have fleeced him of at least one million dollars. Homosexuality, latent or otherwise, explains him, they conclude, pointing to the photographs he took of beautiful youths. This may all be true, but it does not diminish his achievements. Moreover he admits as much himself in his autobiography and elsewhere. In 1938, before his main travels, for example, Sir Wilfred wrote of his efforts to adopt foreign ways: "I don"t delude myself that I succeed but I get my interest and pleasure trying. " In this authorized biography, Alexander Maitland adds a little color to the picture, but no important details. He describes the beatings and sexual abuse the explorer suffered at his first boarding school. Quoting from Sir Wilfred"s letters, he traces the craggy traveler"s devotion to his dead father, his mother and three brothers. At times, Sir Wilfred sounds more forgiving, especially of friends, and more playful than his reputation has suggested. As for his sexuality, Mr. Maitland refers coyly to occasional "furtive embraces" , presumably with men. Wearisome as this topic has become, Mr. Maitland achieves nothing by skirting it; and his allusion to Sir Wilfred"s "almost too precious" relationship with his mother is annoyingly vague. There may be a reason why Mr. Maitland struggles for critical distance. He writes that he and Sir Wilfred were long-standing friends, but he fails to mention that he collaborated with the explorer on four of his books and later inherited his London flat. If Mr. Maitland found it so difficult to view his late friend and benefactor objectively, then perhaps he should not have tried. An earlier biography by Miehael Asher, who scoured the deserts to track down Sir Wilfred"s former fellow travelers, was better; Mr. Maitland seems to have interviewed almost nobody black or brown. His book is, however, a useful companion to the explorer"s autobiography, The Life of My Choice. Hopefully, it will also refer readers back to Sir Wilfred"s two great books, and to sentences as lovely as this; " Memories of that first visit to the Marshes have never left me: firelight on a half-turned face, the crying of geese, duck fighting in to feed, a boy"s voice singing somewhere in the dark, canoes moving in procession down a waterway, the setting sun seen crimson through the smoke of burning reed-beds, narrow waterways that wound still deeper into the Marshes. "（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what kind of life did Sir Wilfred Thesiger long for?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).Why did Sir Wilfred Thesiger"s behavior call forth some criticism?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).How does Sir Wilfred Thesiger respond to the critics?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).In Alexander Maitland"s writing, what kind of person was Sir Wilfred Thesiger?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Was Alexander Maitland one of the opponents against Sir Wilfred Thesiger?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)31.Nobody is living alone and people are living in a team or teams, so team spirit is of great importance in the present society. What do you think of team spirit? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: On Team Spirit In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make summary. Marks will be awarded for content organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2012年中山大学翻译硕211考研真题
2012年中山大学翻译硕士211真题翻译硕士（MTI）备考系列中山大学二○一二年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试时间：1月7日下午考生须知全部答案一律写在答题纸上，答在试题纸上的不得分!请用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答。
答题要写清题号，不必抄题。
PART ⅠGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [60 MIN] (1×30=30 POINTS)There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the correct answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The old couple moved to the countryside ________ their health for the doctor said fresh air would do them good.A. for the sake of B, because of C. in case of D. in spite of2. Lover of towns ________ I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.A. becauseB. whereC. whoD. as3. She was trying ________ by the teacher in class.A. avoiding questioningB. avoiding to questionC. to avoid being questionedD. to avoid questioning4. ________ , I must do another experiment.A. Be it ever so lateB. It is ever so lateC. It be ever so lateD. So late it be ever5. He might have been killed ________ the arrival of the police.A. except forB. but forC. withD. for6. He’s ________ as a "be llyacher" —he’s always complaining about something.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known7. The law requires that everyone ________ his car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. would haveC. loveD. will have8. Until then, his family ________ from him for six months.A. didn’t hearB. hasn’t been hearingC. hasn’t heardD. hadn’t heard9. Nowhere but in the continuous research work ________ find the meaning of his life.A. for him toB. he canC. he couldD. can he10. In order to escape from the boring and heavy study tasks, many students choose to play video games to feel ________ .A. emotionally highB. high emotionalC. high emotionallyD. emotional high11. By the time Bob arrives in Beijing, ________ .A. we have been staying here for two daysB. it has been for two days we have stayed hereC. it is already two days before we have arrived hereD. we will have stayed here for two days12. Carmakers challenged the law, in part ________ CO2, was not an air pollutant.A. on the groundB. on groundC. on the ground thatD. on ground that13. ________ in a famed university abroad was what his parents wished for.A. The boy to be cultivatedB. The boy cultivatedC. The boy’s being cultivatedD. The boy was cultivated14. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all ________ .A. reserved forB. engaged forC. used upD. taken up15. In spite of his ________ appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man’s.A. agingB. agedC. being agedD. having aged16. Sales usually go up in the stores during December, but ________ again aider Christmas.A. drop offB. drop outC. drop byD. drop down17. It was impolite for you to leave without saying goodbye; you really ________ have done so.A. shouldn’tB. wouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t18. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A. look intoB. see toC. make overD. come through19. ________ travels faster than ________ .A. The light, soundB. Light, the soundC. Light, soundD. The light, the s6und20. Being wronged, the little girl tried to ________ her tears at first, but on seeing her mother, she burst out crying.A. keep awayB. keep toC. keep upD. keep back21. Their refusal to sign the international treaty was ________ by many countries in the world.A. announcedB. denouncedC. renouncedD. pronounced22. When she saw how frightened he was at his mistake, her anger began to ________ .A. fade awayB. die awayC. fall downD. die down23. Mary is so ________ about her weight that she doesn’t eat staple food at all.A. sensibleB. sensationalC. senselessD. sensitive24. His dog was ________ by a truck last night and died immediately.A. run intoB. run overC. run outD. run through25. The Christmas presents were all ________ in shiny paper.A. done overB. done with C, done out D. done up26. The diamond is very big. It ________ any diamond that I’ve ever seen.A. dwellsB. dwarfsC. distainsD. dwindles27. Mary became ________ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.A. completelyB. sincerelyC. absolutely D, increasingly28. It is well known that knowledge is the ________ condition for expansion of mind.A. incompatibleB. incredibleC. indefiniteD. indispensable29. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ________ attitude toward customers...A. impartialB. mildC. hostileD. opposing30. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ________ to carrying out the plan.A. obligedB. committedC. engagedD. resolvedPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION [60 MIN] (1.5×20+2×5=40 POINTS) In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read the passages and then write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.TEXT AI live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness". But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.31. Which of the following is true?A. Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.B. Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.C. Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.D. Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.32. To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to ________ .A. write memoir after memoir about their happinessB. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with funC. teach people how to enjoy their livesD. bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties.33. In the author’s opinion, marriage ________ .A. affords greater fun.B. leads to raising children.C. indicates commitment.D. ends in pain.34. Couples having infant children ________ .A. are lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep.B. find fun in tucking them into bed at night,C. find more time to play and joke with them.D. derive happiness from their endeavor.35. If one gets the meaning of the tree sense of happiness, he will ________ .A. stop playing games and joking with othersB. make the best use of his time increasing happinessC. give a free hand to moneyD. keep himself with his familyTEXT BFilm has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much "filling in" by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally "read" films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things insimilar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story.Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method usessuch a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.36. What is mainly discussed in the text?A. The uniqueness of film.B. The importance of film analysis.C. How to identify the techniques a film uses.D. The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.37. Why is it not handy to study film?A. Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.B. Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay.C. Because a film is too complicated.D. Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.38. From the third paragraph we learn that ________ .A. the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to film analysisB. a good film and a good story have many elements in commonC. we should not pay extra effort to study filmsD. using the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis39. Why can’t we divide film into various elements for analysis?A. Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.B. Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyse them.C. Because films elements are too complicated.D. Because films need not to be analysed in detail.40. What does the word "it" refer to in the last sentence of the passage?A. The analytical method.B. The fragmenting technique.C. Ease.D. Convenience.TEXT CModern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modem artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychologicalstates. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modem science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.41. According to the passage, it is true that ________ .A. artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB. artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC. artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD. artistic creations are the reflection of the material world42. The welding techniques ________ .A. can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB. permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC. can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor’s designsD. can make artists adaptable to surroundings43. We can learn from the text that Freud’s studies ________ .A. are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB. have influenced other scientific inventionsC. cause SurrealismD. have infiltrated Surrealism44. Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A. They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences.B. They tried to express their subconscious world.C. They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D. They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.45. The sentence "But this has rarely been a one-way street." in the last paragraph means that ________ .A. contemporary art has been nourished by modem scienceB. modern science has been nourished by artC. artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD. the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualTEXT DWhen we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another studysheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into. account.Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we’re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice, ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body’s normal 24-hour cycle.After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain.In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested the weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKKe, which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKKe genes a diet of high-fat chow.Because IKKe’s main job is immune defense, Saltiel’s team didn’t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don’t gain as much weight but also don’t get diabetes, don’t get insulin resistance, and don’t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKKe "an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease."Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University, praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKKe. He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKKe may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the sw ine flu comes along, that’s it."Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper. Frank Scheer, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that "you could see something happening [to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That’s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days."Together, the papers suggest that there’s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek," It’s clearly not just calories in versus calories out."46. What .does the word "nocturnal" mean in the second paragraph?A. Hungry.B. Nightly.C. Healthy.D. Greedy.47. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to Fred Turek’s research?A. The nocturnal mice and the off-schedule mice ate different pellets.B. The off-schedule mice ate significantly more and are more lively.C, If the nocturnal mice consume calories during the day, it should be very harmful.D. After 6 weeks, the group of mice ate at night gained more weight.48. Which of the following statements about IKKe is INCORRECT?A. The basic job of IKKe is to protect the body from diseases.B. IKKe is a kind of protein.C. IKKe is linked with many immune diseases.D. The mice missing IKKe genes gain much more weight.49. According to the passage, what’s Tom Maniatis’s attitude towards the second study?A. Doubting.B. Supportive.C. Negative.D. Neutral.50. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. IKKe: an appealing drag target for losing weight.B. Teach you how to lose weight.C. New researches about losing weight.D. Calories in versus calories out.TEXT EFew modem travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who died in 2003. Despising the "drab uniformity of the modern world", Sir Wilfred slogged across Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing lions in Sudan in the years before the Second World War, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked "soft" living and "intrusive" women and revered murderous savages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of masochistic endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, Arabian Sands, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and The Marsh Arabs, about southern Iraq, have a terse brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the point of oblivion, they are unrivalled.Sir Wilfred’s critics invariably sing the same chorus. They accuse him of hypocrisy, noting that his part-time primitive lifestyle required a private income and good connections to obtain travel permits. They argue that he deluded himself about the motives of his adored tribal companions. In Kenya, where he lived for two decades towards the end of his life, his Samburu "sons" are calculated to have fleeced him of at least one million dollars. Homosexuality, latent or otherwise, explains him, they conclude, pointing to the photographs he took of beautiful youths.This may all be true, but it does not diminish his achievements Moreover, he admits as much himself in his autobiography and elsewhere. In 1938, before his main travels, for example, Sir Wilfred wrote of his efforts to adopt foreign ways: "I don’t delude myself that I succeed but I get my interest and pleasure trying."In this authorised biography, Alexander Maitland adds a little colour to the picture, but no important details. He describes the beatings and sexual abuse the explorer suffered at his fast boarding school. Quoting from Sir Wilfred’s letters, he traces the craggy traveler’s devotion to his dead father, his mother and three brothers. At times, Sir Wilfred sounds more forgiving, especiallyof friends, and more playful than his reputation has suggested. As for his sexuality, Mr. Maitland refers coyly to occasional "furtive embraces", presumably with men. Wearisome as this topic has become, Mr. Maitland achieves nothing by ski rting it; and his allusion to Sir Wilfred’s "almost too precious" relationship with his mother is annoyingly vague.There may be a reason why Mr. Maitland struggles for critical distance. He writes that he and Sir Wilfred were long-standing friends, but he fails to mention that he collaborated with the explorer on four of his books and later inherited his London flat. If Mr. Maitland found it so difficult to view his late friend and benefactor objectively, then perhaps he should not have tried. An earlier biography by Michael Asher, who scoured the deserts to track down Sir Wilfred’s former fellow travelers, was better; Mr. Maitland seems to have interviewed almost nobody black or brown.His book is, however, a useful companion to the explorer’s autobiog raphy, The Life of My Choice. Hopefully, it will also refer readers back to Sir Wilfred’s two great books, and to sentences as lovely as this: "Memories of that first visit to the Marshes have never left me: firelight on a half-turned face, the crying of g eese, duck flighting in to feed, a boy’s voice singing somewhere in the dark, canoes moving in procession down a waterway, the setting sun seen crimson through the smoke of burning reed-beds, narrow waterways that wound still deeper into the Marshes."51. According to the first paragraph, what kind of life did Sir Wilfred Thesiger long for?52. Why did Sir Wilfred Thesiger’s behavior call forth some criticism?53. How does Sir Wilfred Thesiger respond to the critics?54. In Alexander Maitlan’s writi ng, what kind of person was Sir Wilfred Thesiger?55. Was Alexander Maitland one of the opponents against Sir Wilfred Thesiger?PART ⅢWRITING [60 MIN] (30 POINTS)Nobody is living alone and people are living in a team or teams, so team spirit is of great importance in the present society. What do you think of team spirit? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:On Team SpiritIn the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the answer sheet.。
2012年厦门大学241英语(二外)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年厦门大学241英语（二外）考研真题及详解Part I Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular”coffer, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marking managers look for new users and market sections. Did youknow, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among resent customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.1. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _____.A. decrease graduallyB. become unstableC. improve enormouslyD. remain at the same level2. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____.A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB. often more expensive than old onesC. often inferior to old ones at firstD. not easily accepted by the public3. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _____.A. work out marketing policiesB. increase its popularityC. promote its productionD. speed up its life cycle4. The author mentions the example of “backpacks”(the last sentence, Paragraph2) to show the importance of _____.A. increasing usage among studentsB. exploring new market sectionsC. pleasing the young as well as the oldD. serving both military and civil needs5. In order to recover their share of the world market, US auto makers are _____.A. improving product qualityB. modernizing product styleC. re-positioning their product in the marketD. increasing product features【答案与解析】1. D 由文中第一段倒数第二句“After a while people became attached to one brandand sales leveled off (stage of maturity)”可知，经过一段时间之后，人们就会认同喜爱某个品牌，销售水平就会保持稳定。
2022年中山大学241英语二外考研真题和答案
2022年中山大学241英语二外考研真题和答案2022年中山大学《241英语（二外）》考研全套内容简介•中山大学外国语学院《241英语（二外）》历年考研真题及详解•全国名校二外英语考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，提供了答案及详解，并对常考知识点进行了归纳整理。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•李观仪《新编英语教程（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容2003年中山大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. We have already purchased ____ to furnish our new house.A. many furnituresB. some furnitureC. several furnitureD. a few furnitures【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我们已经为新房子买了几件家具。
furniture为不可数名词，而some，several，a few都只能修饰可数名词，所以A、C、D错误。
some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
2012年中山大学英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题-无答案
2012年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分82,考试时间90分钟)1. 音标题1. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find—/faind/ beneath—/bi"ni:θ/mink2. pyrrhic3. caique4. uvular5. sememe6. resolution7. ideational8. tautology9. pedagogical10. contour2. 填空题1. All languages have three **ponents; a sound system, a system of ______ and a system of semantics.2. We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus, with the consonant(s)after it termed the ______.3. In 1963 , Katz and Fodor wrote the article The Structure of a Semantic Theory, arguing forcibly that semantics should be an integral part of______.4. Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. There are three main sub-types; gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, and ______ antonymy.5. In the middle of the 1960s, William Labov, a famous sociolinguist, conducted a rather meticulous survey at several departments in the City of New York. The results of this investigation were reported in The______of English in New York City(1966), which has now become a classical work in sociolinguistics.6. From the early 1920s,______began to show an interest in language, anthropology, and archaeology. Later on, he attended some linguistic courses given by Sapir at Yale University and " found particular resonance between his own ideas and those of Sapir"(Sram 1994: 4983).7. Poetry can exploit the way we use stress when we speak to create rhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is ______.8. According to Mick Short(1996), we need at least three levels of______to account for the language of fictional prose(i. e. a novel or short story), because there is a narrator-narratee levelintervening between the character-character level and the author-reader level.9. The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between ______and phonology. The name of the most influential scholar in this connection is Trubetzkoy, whose **plete and authoritative statements of principle are formulated in his Principles of Phonology published in 1910. Malinowski believed that utterances and situation are bound up inextricably with each other and the ______ of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.11. Halliday"s Systemic-Functional(SF)Grammar is a sociologically oriented functional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and ______ .12. By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its ______.13. According to McDonough(2000), a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a______position than one who handles the argument by using authority "it"s like that" , "it"s an exception" , or "it"s less formal".14. Language corpora make it possible for materials developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. The two most important factors in a corpus are the size and types of texts selected. Usually the ______that will be made of the corpus decide the number and type of texts ina corpus.15. ______ is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philosopher John Lang Shaw Austin.3. 名词解释1. Received pronunciation and general American2. Conventionality3. Orthographic change4. Clause5. Grammatical construction6. Logical semantics7. Metonymy8. **petence9. Computational linguistics10. Verbal processes4. 举例说明题1. In Case Grammar, the verb is the key element of the clause.2. The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.3. Orientational metaphors are based on human physical and cultural experience.5. 简答题1. What is componential analysis in language studies?2. What are the seven types of meaning identified by G. Leech(1974)? What are the differences between/among them?3. What does the concept of "distinctive features" mean?。
2012年中山大学英语专业基础英语真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2012年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分78, 做题时间90分钟)1. 阅读理解Without some appreciation of common large numbers, it"s impossible to react with the proper skepticism to terrifying reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year, or with the proper sobriety to a warhead carrying a megaton of explosive power—the equivalent of a million tons(or two billion pounds)of TNT. And if you don"t have some feeling for probabilities, automobile accidents might seem a relatively minor problem of local travel, whereas being killed by terrorists might seem to be a major risk when going overseas. As often observed, however, the 45, 000 people killed annually on American roads are approximately equal in number to all Americans dead in the Vietnam War. On the other hand, the seventeen Americans killed by terrorists in 1985 were among the 28 million of us who traveled abroad that year—that"s one chance in 1. 6 million of becoming a victim. Compare that with these annual rates in the United States; one chance in 68, 000 of choking to death; one chance in 75 , 000 of dying in a bicycle crash; one chance in 20, 000 of drowning; and one chance in only 5, 300 of dying in a car crash. Confronted with these large numbers and with the correspondingly small probabilities associated with them, the innumerate will inevitably respond with the non sequitur, * "Yes, but what if you"re that one, " and then nod knowingly, as if they"ve demolished your argument with penetrating insight. This tendency to personalize is a characteristic of many who suffer from innumeracy. Equally typical is a tendency to equate the risk from some obscure and exotic malady with the chances of suffering from heart and circulatory disease, from which about 12, 000 Americans die each week. There"s a joke I like that"s marginally relevant. An old married couple in their nineties contact a divorce lawyer, who pleads with them to stay together. "Why get divorced now after seventy years of marriage?" The little old lady finally pipes up in a creaky voice: "We wanted to wait until the children were dead. " A feeling for what quantities or time spans are appropriate in various contexts is essential to getting the joke. Slipping between millions and billions or between billions and trillions should in this sense be equally funny, but it isn"t, because we too often lack an intuitive grasp for these numbers. A recent study by Drs. Kronlund and Phillips of the University of Washington showed that most doctors" assessments of the risks of various operations, procedures, and medications(even intheir own specialties)were way off the mark, often by several orders of magnitude. I once had a conversation with a doctor who, withinapproximately 20 minutes, stated that a certain procedure he was contemplating(a)had a one-chance-in-a-million risk associated with it;(b)was 99 percent safe; and(c)usually went quite well. Given the fact that so many doctors seem to believe that there must be at least eleven people in the waiting room if they"re to avoid being idle, I"m not surprised at this new evidence of their innumeracy. * A non sequitur is a statement that does not follow logically from previous statements.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.Which of the following can be inferred to be the author"s view of the " reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year"(Paragraph 1)?A They are typical examples of American journalism.B They are evidence of a terrible problem that must be addressed.C They are probably untrue.D They demonstrate an American obsession with statistics.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：由题干定位至第一段第一句。
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The old couple moved to the countryside______their health for the doctor said fresh airwould do them good.A．for the sake ofB．because ofC．In case ofD．in spite of正确答案：A解析：句意：为了身体健康，这对老夫妇搬到了乡下，因为医生说新鲜的空气对他们有好处。
for the sake of为了；为了…的利益。
because of因为，由于。
in case of万一，如果。
in spite of尽管。
2．Lover of towns______I am. I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.A．becauseB．whereC．whoD．as正确答案：D解析：句意：尽管我是一个长期在城市生活的人，可我意识到我对早期乡村生活的亏欠。
考查的是让步状语从句倒装，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等。
as在让步状语从句中作从属连词，表示虽然、尽管等，引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序。
模式为：adj．／adv．／n．+as+主语+谓语+主句。
3．She was trying______by the teacher in class.A．avoiding questioningB．avoiding to questionC．to avoid being questionedD．to avoid questioning正确答案：C解析：句意：她试图回避在课堂上被老师提问。
此题涉及三个考点。
第一个是固定搭配：tryto do sth．。
(NEW)中山大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2004年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2005年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2006年中山大学外国语学院348基础英语考研真题及详解2007年中山大学外国语学院738基础英语考研真题及详解2008年中山大学外国语学院616基础英语考研真题及详解2009年中山大学外国语学院628基础英语考研真题及详解2010年中山大学外国语学院622基础英语考研真题及详解2011年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2012年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2013年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2014年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2015年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2016年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2017年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2018年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading (30%)Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.1. The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.2. Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.3. The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.4. Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.5. Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.6. Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.【答案与解析】1. YES(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。
中山大学中国语言文学系2012年语言学概论(代码612)真题及详解【圣才出品】
中山大学中国语言文学系2012年语言学概论（代码612）真题及详解一、分析应用题（每题10分，共50分）1．下列是某一语言的一组词，其中[t]、[s]和[z]分别与[ch]、[sh]和[zh]互补分布（释义省略）：[中山大学2012研]【黄廖版《现代汉语》2.7】请对以上出现的[t]、[s]、[z]和[ch]、[sh]、[zh]六个音素进行音位归纳：（1）描写[t，s，z]和[ch、sh、zh]的分布情况；（2）一个音位下有几个音位变体，应该以哪个音素作为音位的代表音素？为什么？（3）以公式表达音位、音位变体以及音位变体出现的条件。
答：（1）归纳音位[t、s、z]多出现在元音[o]、[a]、[u]、[e]之前，[z]还可以出现在[w]之前。
[ch、sh、zh]都是出现在元音[i]之前。
（2）音位变体中的代表音素①一个音位往往包含一些不同的音，这些音就是这个音位的音位变体。
每个音位下有多少个音位变体是和该音位在语音环境中的具体运用有关的。
②音位变体是音位的具体表现形式，音位则是从音位变体中概括归纳出来的。
音位与音位变体的关系是类别与成员的关系，也可以说是一般和个别的关系。
代表音素也是从具体的音位变体中概括出来的，标写它的时候，通常从各音位变体中选用典型变体的符号，同时还要找一个常见、好认、便于印刷的符号作代表，加上//，表示它是音位，不加//表示它是音位变体。
例如，北京话的音位／a／是一个音的类别，它至少包含[a]、[ɑ]两个成员，也就是／a ／至少包含两个变体。
其符合音位归纳提取的原则，成为该音位的代表音素。
（3）以公式表达音位、音位变体以及音位变体出现的条件音位音位变体出现条件/t/[t]出现在[o]或[a]之前[ch]出现在[i]之前/s/[s]出现在[o]或[u]或[a]之前[sh]出现在[i]之前/z/[z]出现在[e]或[u]或[w]之前[zh]出现在[i]之前2．比较现代汉语“狗”与英语dog的词义（本义、引申义），分析词义的民族性。
2012中山大学语言学考研真题--语言学概论部分
中山大学语言学及应用语言学2012年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试语言学概论部分（150分）一、分析应用题（每题10分，共50分）1.下列是某一语言的一组词，其中[t]、[s]和[z] 分别与[č]、[š]和[ž]互补分布（释义省略）：tobola čina kesoka nkoši zengažima kasu čiba nselele lolonžizevo ažimola nzwetu kunezulu tanu请对以上出现的[t]、[s]、[z] 和[č]、[š]、[ž]六个音素进行因为归纳：（1）描写[t]、[s]、[z] 和[č]、[š]、[ž]的分布情况；（2）一个音位下有几个音位变体，应该以哪个音素作为音位的代表音素？为什么？（3）以公式表达音位、音位变体以及音位变体出现的条件。
2.比较现代汉语“狗”与英语dog的词义（本义、引申义），分析词义的民族性。
3.通过变换来分析下列两组句子中a与b不同的语义关系：（1）a.他喝醉了酒。
/ b.他喝完了酒。
（2）a.三个人吃一锅饭。
/b.一锅饭吃三个人。
4.下面是某一语言的四句话及普通话译文：（1）分析该语言属于哪种语法结构类型的语言？（2）分析上面四句话所体现的语法范畴。
5.清代学者陈澧说：“声不能传于异地，留于异时，于是乎书之为文字。
文字者，所以为意与声之迹也。
”试对这段话进行评述。
二、论述题（每题20分，共100分）1.索绪尔在《普通语言学教程》中说：“By distinguishing between the language itself andspeech, we distinguish at the same time:(1)what is social from what is individual, and (2)what is essential from what is ancillary and more or less accidental.”请翻译这段话，并谈谈区分语言和言语的意义。
中山大学中国语言文学系2012年语言学概论(代码612)真题及详解【圣才出品】
中山大学中国语言文学系2012年语言学概论（代码612）真题及详解中山大学中国语言文学系2012年语言学概论（代码612）真题一、分析应用题（每题10分，共50分）1．下列是某一语言的一组词，其中[t]、[s]和[z]分别与[ch]、[sh]和[zh]互补分布（释义省略）：请对以上出现的[t]、[s]、[z]和[ch]、[sh]、[zh]六个音素进行音位归纳：（1）描写[t，s，z]和[ch、sh、zh]的分布情况；（2）一个音位下有几个音位变体，应该以哪个音素作为音位的代表音素？为什么？（3）以公式表达音位、音位变体以及音位变体出现的条件。
2．比较现代汉语“狗”与英语dog的词义（本义、引申义），分析词义的民族性。
3．通过变换来分析下列两组句子中a与b不同的语义关系（1）a．他喝醉了酒。
b．他喝完了酒。
（2）a．三个人吃一锅饭。
b．一锅饭吃三个人。
4．下面是某一语言的四句话及普通话译文：Дайтемнекниrупойнтереснее请给我书比较有趣（请给我一本比较有趣的书．）Этакнитусамаяйнтересная这书最有趣（这本书最有趣）Этомоякниｒａатомойжурнал这我的书而那我的杂志（这是我的书，而那是我的杂志）Ячитаюзтукниｒу，ончитаютотжурнал我读这书他读那杂志（我读这书，他读那杂志）（1）分析该语言属于哪种语法结构类型的语言？（2）分析上面四句话所体现的语法范畴。
5．清代学者陈禮说：“声不能传于异地，留于异时，于是乎书之为文字。
文字者，所以为意与声之迹也。
”试对这段话进行评述。
二、论述题（每题20分，共100分）1．索绪尔在《普通语言学教程》中说：“By distinguishing betwen the languageitself and speech，we distinguish at the same time：（1）what is social from what is indlvldual，and（2）what is essnatial from what is ancillary and more orless accidental。
2012年中山大学外国语学院354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题【圣才出品】
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2012年中山大学外国语学院354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．_____是听觉自然感到的最小的语音单位。
2．辅音的发音部位是指_____的部位。
3．声带振动发出的音叫_____。
4．i或以i开头的韵母，习惯上称为_____。
5．现代汉语普通话的音素中，只能充当韵尾的辅音是_____。
6．普通话声母z、c、s从发音部位上看属于_____。
7．归纳音位主要依据对立原则、_____、音感差异等三个原则。
8．笔画的组合有相离、相接、_____三种方式。
9．普通话上声调的调值是_____。
10．汉字的主要特点是属于_____体系的文字。
11．“薄”字可以切分出_____层部件。
12．用象征性符号或在象形字上加提示符号来表示字义的造字法是_____。
13．产生于东汉末，介于楷书和草书之间的字体是_____。
14．甲骨文是_____朝的文字。
15．汉字标准化，要求对汉字进行定量、_____、定音、定序。
16．最小的音、义结合体，最小的有意义的语言单位是_____。
17．词是句子中最小的、能_____的语言单位。
18．单纯词和合成词是从_____角度对词的分类。
19．词义的发展主要有扩大、缩小、_____三种形式。
20．_____是由近似于谜面、谜底两部分组成的、带有隐语性质的口头用语。
21．特殊动词一般指的是判断动词“是”能愿动词和_____。
22．助词短语一般包括_____、所”字短语和比况短语。
23．汉语的_____和虚词是表达语法意义的主要手段。
24．根据结构形式的特点和语义情况，疑问句可以分为是非问、_____、选择问、正反问四大类。
25．“教室里有很多学生”中“有”的基本意义是表示_____。
26．“他已经不是过去那个什么都不懂的乡下孩子了”这句话有_____层定语。
27．从句子结构上看，“毫无疑问，提高全民族的科学文化水平是非常重要的”这句话中的“毫无疑问”是_____。
中山大学2012年英语翻译基础真题及详解【圣才出品】
中山大学2012年英语翻译基础真题及详解PART I VOCABULARY [60 MIN] (1×30=30 POINTS)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH [30 MIN]Translate the following Chinese terms into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 中小企业2. 洗钱3. 人民币升值4. 次贷危机5. 水土流失6. 贸易顺差7. 企业社会责任8. 主权信用评级9. 贩卖人口10. 美国驻华大使11. 温室效应12. 投资回报率13. 供应链14. 劳动密集型产业15. 防止核扩散条约SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE [30 MIN]Translate the following English terms into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1. capital chain2. humanitarian intervention3. credit facilities4. exclusive interview5. clean governance6. poll7. double-dip recession8. the State Council9. debt limit10. a Palestinian proposal to apply for statehood11. social security12. an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude on the Richter Scale13. a cease-fire agreement14. oil leak15. organizing committeePARTⅡTranslation [120 MIN] (2×60=120 POINTS)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH [60 MIN]Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路。
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2012年中山大学外国语学院241英语考研真题及详解
Section 1: Use of English
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D 0n the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
For some time now, nobody seems to have a solution for inflation. Not one that is (1) _____ to everybody. But (2) _____ the administration of President Ford he (3) _____ one on national television. He used the phrase, “to bite the bullet.”The words were not new, but they spread (4) _____ the country.
Mr. Ford called (5) _____ Americans “to bite the bullet” and make personal sacrifices (牺牲). This, he said, would help to (6) _____ inflation.
He urged them to eat less, use less gasoline, to spend less and save more. He appealed (7) _____ them to do whatever was (8) _____ to fight inflation, no matter how unpleasant. Such is the meaning of “to bite the bullet”—to do something quickly, (9) _____ no further delay, no matter how (10) _____ the action may be.
But what does biting the bullet have to do (11) _____ all this? A reasonable question. This is the explanation: (12) _____ we all know, people (13) _____ great pain sometimes tighten their fists, or clench their teeth, or bite down hard on a (14) _____. It seems to ease their pain. Years ago, (15) _____ the battlefield, one did not (16)
_____ pain-killing drugs. And it is said that during (17) _____ operations, soldiers would bite a bullet, to ease their suffering.
This old phrase came (18) _____ to life in the 1960’s. Former president Nixon used it in 1968. He asked congress “to bite the bullet” and (19)_____ his proposal for a tax increase, a ten percent surcharge (额外费) (20) _____ income taxes.
1. A. pleasant
B. exact
C. satisfactory
D. profound
2. A. before
B. at
C. for
D. during
3. A. stated
B. put
C. offered
D. showed
4. A. out
B. through
C. across
D. along
5. A. on
B. in
C. for
D. forth
6. A. halt
B. decrease
C. withdraw
D. overcome
7. A. in
B. of
C. for
D. to
8. A. objective
B. necessary
C. important
D. certain
9. A. by
B. with
C. under
D. upon
10. A. awful
B. reluctant
C. advanced
D. painful
11. A. about
B. with
C. except for
D. besides
12. A. Because
B. Since
C. As
D. Though
13. A. at
B. to
C. in
D. for
14. A. finger
B. hand
C. foot
D. fist
15. A. in
B. on
C. around
D. across
16. A. find
B. invent
C. use
D. create
17. A. surgery
B. emergency
C. temporary
D. virtual
18. A. out
B. up
C. down
D. back
19. A. approve in
B. approve of
C. carry out
D. carry on
20. A. with
B. to
C. by
D. on
【答案与解析】
1. C be satisfactory to sb.固定搭配，满足某人的某种需求。
pleasant令人愉快的；讨人
喜欢的。
exact准确的，精准的。
profound深厚的，意义深远的。
句子的意思为：
到目前为止，仍然没有一种令所有人满意的解决通货膨胀的方法。
2. D 文章要表达的是在福特总统执政期间的措施，在……期间，用during。
3. C offer指提出某种建议、意见，或者解决方案。
文中指的是福特总统提出了有效的解
决通货膨胀的方案。
state陈述，声明。
put安置，移动。
show展现，展示。
4. C 固定搭配：spread across，传遍，席卷。
5. A call out号召；唤起，这里指号召全国人民牺牲个人利益，共同面对困难。
call through
（电话、通讯等）接通。
没有C和D搭配的用法。
6. A halt停止，终止。
decrease减少，减小。
withdraw撤退；收回。
overcome战胜，
克服。
通货膨胀应该是终止，其他词均不否语境。
7. D 固定搭配：appeal to呼吁，要求。
句意是福特总统要求大家做任何有利于消除通货
膨胀的举动，而不管大家是否愿意。
8. B 根据上下语境，这里是指采取任何必要的手段来消除通货膨胀。
objective客观的；
目标的。
important重要的，重大的。
certain必然的，无疑的。
9. B with no delay尽快。
这里是对to do something quickly的解释，即不能拖拉、不
能耽搁。
10. D painful痛苦的，令人不快的。
这里是指为了达到消除通货膨胀的目的，会采取任何
必要的手段，而不在乎任务有多么艰难和人们的心理感受。
11. B have to do with…表示与……有关。
12. C as we know是固定搭配，众所周知的意思。
13. C 处于痛苦中，用介词in。
14. A 根据日常生活中的情形，当我们处在痛苦之中时，我们常常是死命咬手指头。
其他
选项不符合人们的日常行为习惯。