英语国家概况 谢福之 复习资料
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)(word文档良心出品)
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry. (F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales andflows through western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part ofBritain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northernScotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople.(F)7.The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between theBritish and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working ofthe British government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth ofNations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political partiesin Parliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the oldLabor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics fromeconomic policy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christiancalendar, and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T) Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country'scontinental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island , and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard fora higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was asingle, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched OperationDesert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F) 4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2 DDCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 ACDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry Chapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” withthe exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11 BCBD CCDC1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tect Chapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world’s landmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany,Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocationalschools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942. Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the federal governm ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and aresident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)(word文档良心出品)
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry. (F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales andflows through western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part ofBritain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northernScotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople.(F)-1453) was a series of wars fought between the7.The Hundred Years’War (1337British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working ofthe British government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth ofNations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political partiesin Parliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the oldLabor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics fromeconomic policy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christiancalendar, and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T) Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country'scontinental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island , and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard fora higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was asingle, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched OperationDesert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2 D DCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster.5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 A CDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Threethe exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgiabetween the .2.The Seven Years’ War occurredA. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians.3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan ofA. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11 BCBD CCDCproducts in the following fields except 1. America produces a major portion of the world’s.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton.5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” exceptA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community collegesdegree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following5.To get a bachelor’sexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 1√1.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth oftrade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the worldlandmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.Ⅱ?3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarBritain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocationalschools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students andprepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the lesssuccessful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects likecooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses andaward their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2population.0% of the nation’ｓ2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lsand take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countrsecurity and interests . it began to pr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’ｓovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Jaentrance into the war.panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ｓwell-known contributions during his presidency?2.What were Nixon’ｓa) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .economic program?3.What were the contents of Reagan’ｓReagan’ｓeconomic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be elrole in the day-to-day operation of busine iminated so as to reduce the federal government’ｓss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?the other is that the power of the federal governm One is “checks and balances”，ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and aresident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.。
英语国家概况 --谢福之各章选择题
选择题Unit1 英国Chapter 1 地理、民族、语言1. The two main islands of the British Isles are （）.A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. （）is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom,（）is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4. English belongs to the （）group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of （）words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the （）influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of （）.A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8. At present, nearly （）of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 2 历史1. The （）attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, （）became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The （）marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of （）.A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to（）.A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between （）.A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.（）was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the （）century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20 thChapter 3 政府和英联邦1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the （）.A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on （）.A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to （）the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. （）is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to （）.A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a （）system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and （）.A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every （）years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 经济1. The （）in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, （）does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except （）.A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted （）of its land area to agriculture.A. 50%B. 60%C. 70%D.80%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all th e following except （）.A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides （）of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly（）.A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedD.privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, （）has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 教育、媒体和节日1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the（）.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About （）of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except （）.A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs （）.A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of （）.A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of （）program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaD. soap opera7.（）is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except （）.A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 6 文学1. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is——.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet2. ——is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of independence”.A. “I Wonder Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC. The preface to Lyrical BalladsD. Prometheus Unbound3. Of Dicken’s novels, ——is considered most autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Davied CopperfiedC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations4. ——is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turn of the 19 th century.A. Robert Louis SetevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConardD.Thomas Hardy5. Of the following books, ——is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A.Jude the ObscureB.Tess of the d’UrbervillesC.Adam BedeD.The Return of the Native6. ——is not included in the modernist group.A.Oscar WildeB.Virginia WoolfC.William Bulter YeatsD.T.S.Eliot7. Of the following writers, —— is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A.Samuel BeckettB.James JoyceC.William GoldingD.V.S.Naipual8. Waiting for Godot is written by——.A.Samuel BeckettB.Geroge OrwellC. William GoldingwranceUnit2 爱尔兰Chapter 7 社会和文化1. ---- established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6 th century BC.A. Hunter-gatherers from BritainB. Celtic tribesC. British invadersD. The Vikings2. Divergent views about ----resulted in the Irish Civil War.A. the Act of UnionB. the Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceC. the Anglo-Irish TreatyD. the Anglo-Irish Agreement3. -----was the first Irish President to visit Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.A. Eamon de ValeraB. John A. CostelloC. Mary RobinsonD. Albert Reynolds4. -----brought Anglo-Irish relations to a new height.A. The British recognition of the Irish RepublicB. The signing of the Downing Street DeclarationC. The signing of the Belfast AgreementD. The IRA’s formal declaration of the disarmament in 20055. In Ireland, the head of state is-----A. the Prime MinisterB. the PresidentC. the British monarchD. the General Governor6. ------has been the dominant party in Ireland since 1930s and supports peaceful reunification of the island of Ireland.A. Fine GaelB. The Labor PartyC. Fianna FailD. The Progressive Democrats7. Emigration in Ireland started since the ----A. medieval periodB. 17 th centuryC. Great Potato FamineD. early 18 th century8. Ireland now has a ---- economy.A. agriculture-basedB. knowledge-basedC. industry-basedD. foreign investment-basedUnit3 美国Chapter 8 地理和民族1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its （）.A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has （）statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353. The state of （）is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4. The largest river in the U. S. is （）.A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in （）.A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to （）.A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from （）.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8. The characteristic of the dominant American culture are （）.A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 历史1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at（）in（）.A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the （）.A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of （）.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4. In May 1775, （）was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5. Abraham Lincoln issued （）to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6. The policy of the United States was （）at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7. President （）applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents （）.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10 政府1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in （）.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States （）.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights （）.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The terms for a Senator and Representative are （）and （）years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5. All the following except （）can make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following except （）are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. The Supreme Court is composed of （）justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8. The President is directly voted into office by （）.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 11 经济1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except （）.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from（）to（）, and eventually, to （）.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the （）by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.（）urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except （）.A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the following except （）.A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. The following statements are all true except （）.A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the （）sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 教育、媒体和节日1. Formal education in the United States consists of （）, secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, （）are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of （）.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, （）are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except （）.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6. （）is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7. Of the following, （）is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8. The National Day of the United States falls on （）.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14thChapter 13 文学1.Of the following writer, --------are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods .A. Benjamin Franklin and Edgar Allan PoeB. Edgar Allan Poe and Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Allan Poe and Washington Irving2. ----- is regarded as the “father of American literature”A. James Fenimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving3. Of the following , ---- is considered Herman Melville’s masterpieceA. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Mody DickD. Daisy Miller4. Of the following ,-----is NOT cha racteristic of Mark Twain’s worksA. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view5. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT included in the group pf naturalistsA. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville6. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is ---- ,and its theme is about ---A. The Great Gatsby , the American DreamB. Tender Is the Night , loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age , the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and Damned , the evil of human nature7. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT a Nobel Prize winnerA. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neill8. -----is the first African – American winner of the Noble Prize for LiteratureA. Ralph EllisonB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. James BaldwinUnit4 加拿大Chapter 14 地理和历史1. Canada’s fur trade , later fur monopoly , gradually began to take shape in the -----centuryA. 15 thB. 16 thC. 17 thD.18 th2. The Liberal government led by Mackenzie King did the following to lay the foundations of the Canadian welfare state EXCEPT----A. increasing the old age pensionsB. promoting federal-provincial welfare programsC. expending unemployment benefitsD. introducing health insurance3. -----won the Nobel Prize for Peace in1957 for organizing a peacekeeping force todefuse the Suez CrisisA. Pierre TrudeauB. Lester PearsonC. Jean ChretienD. Brian Mulroney4. In the ----, Canada was obsessed with economic recessionA. 1950sB. 1960sC. 1970sD. 1980s5. Pierre Trudeau retired from his post as head of the government and party leader partly because ----A. he opposed the American war in VietnamB. he agreed Quebec to be an independent French-speaking nationC. he had not been able to reverse the declining economic trendD. he weakened government intervention in the national economy6. ----- recognized Quebec as a “distinct society”A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act7. -----was Canada’s first woman Prime MinisterA. Pierre TrudeauB. Brian MulroneyC. Jean ChretienD. Kim Campbell8. Martin’s Liberal government tried to do the following EXCEPT---A. legalizing same-sex marriage in CanadaB. giving the Quebec city sovereigntyC. improving Canadian- US relationsD. forging a closer relationship with ChinaChapter 15 政府和社会1. On average, members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of -----yearsA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 62. ----holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary systemA. The Britain CrownB. The Governor GeneralC. The PresidentD. The Prime Minister3. In each province, ----represents the British CrownA. a Lieutenant GovernorB. a Governor GeneralC. a PrimeD. a Governor4. -----of Canada serve(s) as the final court of appeals in CanadaA. The provincial courtsB. The Federal CourtC. The Supreme CourtD. The Federal Court of Appeal5. In Canada , the largest religious denominations is ----A. the Protestant churchB. the Roman Catholic churchC. the Puritan churchD. the Anglican church6. If applicants meet the basic requirement for immigration to Canada , they need to do the following EXCEPT----A. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee7. In the 19 th century , ---was the principal export item of CanadaA. fishB. furC. timberD. wheat8. Canada’s major trading partners include the following EXCEPT---A. BritainB. AmericaC. MexicoD. ChinaUnit5 澳大利亚Chapter 16 地理和历史1.____ is the lowest point in Australia.A. Lake EyreB. The Great Artesian BasinC. Mount KosciuszkoD. The Great Victoria Desert2.____ is Australia’s capital.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. BrisbaneD. Canberra3.Britain’s first permanent colony wa s founded in ____ .A.1606B.1770C.1787D.17884.The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ____ .A.1847B.1885C.1900D.19015.The movement to gain recognition of Aboriginal rights was started in the ____ .A.1950sB.1960sC.1970sD.1980s6.Australia completely abolished the White Australia Policy during the government of ____ .A. Earle PageB. Gough WhitlamC. Joseph LyonsD. Stanley Bruce7.The following were all aspects of the economic reforms which took place between 1983 and 1996 EXCEPT ____ .A. enlarging the scale of the mining industryB. deregulating the financial marketC. reducing tariffsD. privatizing the state-owned enterprises8.The Howard government’s foreign policies were based in relations with four key countries, namely, ____ .A. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S. ,Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, ChinaD. the U.S. , Britain, China, ChinaChapter 17 政府和社会1.Of the following, ____ is NOT among the three major Australian political parties.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the NationalsC. the Liberal PartyD. the United Australia Party2. Australia tries to attract immigrant from any country with ____ .A. a good family backgroundB. education or work skillsC. high social statusD. adequate work experience3. Australia’s high economic performance is due to its ____ and ongoingstructural reform.A. open-up policyB. effective economic managementC. historical developmentD. proper investment4. Australia is a leading supplier of ____ to international markets.A. hi-tech productsB. agricultural productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resources5. Australia’s foreign capital mainly comes from ____ .A. the United States and JapanB. Britain and GermanyC. Japan and Republic of KoreaD. Britain and the United States6.Among the following tourist attractions, ____ can be seen from the moon.A. the Gold CoastB. UluruC. the Great Barrier ReefD. the Sydney Opera House7. ____ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia.A. the federal governmentB. the individual statesC. the territory assembliesD. the municipal government8.The Australian system of teaching and school discipline puts emphasis on the following EXCEPT ____ .A. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. preparing for testD. encouraging students’ interest in learningUnit6 新西兰Chapter 18 社会和文化1. ____ is often referred to as “our third island” of New Zealand.A. PolynesiaB. The North IslandC. The South IslandD. The Stewart Island2.The climate in New Zealand is ____ .A. subtropicalB. arcticC. temperateD. tropical3.The ____ were the first group of people who arrived on the island of New Zealand.A. MaorisB. EuropeansC. AustraliansD. Chinese4. New Zealand was granted internal self-government in ____ .A. 1804B. 1852C. 1893D. 19075.During World War Ⅱ, New Zealand strengthened its relationship with ____ .A. BritainB. the United StatesC. AustraliaD. France6. ____ is the head of the New Zealand government.A. The British monarchB. The Governor GeneralC. The Prime MinisterD. The President7.The Cabinet is responsible to ____ in New Zealand.A. ParliamentB. the Prime MinisterC. the British monarchD. the Governor General8.Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children ____ .A. from ages 6 to 12B. from ages 6 to 14C. from ages 6 to 16D. from ages 6 to 18。
英语国家概况__谢福之_复习资料
Chapter 1全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain （大不列颠联合王国）（大不列颠联合王国） and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）（北爱尔兰） 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles ）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain （大不列颠）（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）（爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important), originates （起源于） in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡爱丁堡 ) important river:Clyde River kilts （苏克兰小短裙）（苏克兰小短裙） Wales ( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口 ). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Lough Neagh----the Neagh----the Neagh----the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in in the the British Isles. Climate : temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features : winter fog, rainy day, instability : winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London ---Buckingham Palace （白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul ’s Cathedral （圣保（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London （伦敦塔桥）（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)(word文档良心出品).docx
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer totheir country. (F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Walesand flows through western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancientWelsh language. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest partof Britain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature innorthern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)th 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16century.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)th2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5 century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)th4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8 century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years ’ War (1337-453) was a series of wars fought betweenthe British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the workingof the British government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealthof Nations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various politicalparties in Parliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland aremuch similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problemsthat prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher ’ s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of theold Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politicsfrom economic policy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take anational GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the world ’ s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christiancalendar, and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country'scontinental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mildsu btropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--know n 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it isco mposed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island , and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famousHoll ywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrantscam e to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s wereAsia ns.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hardfor a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continentaf ter Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the ContinentalA rmy and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America wasa single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launchedOperation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama binLaden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and itconsis ts of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: theS upreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in theagricultu ral balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturingindus try.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the nationalgov ernment in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a greatconc ern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the UnitedSta tes.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972thro ugh the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are.A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom,is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson ’ s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of.A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’ s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2DDCC ABAC1.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century,became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of.A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII. ’ s effort toA. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between.A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the.A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on.A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to.A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and.A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4ACDC DBAC1.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices,does not belong to Thatcher’ s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except.A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain ’ s important fishing areas include all the following except.A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly.A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain,has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 DCBB CCDA1.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except.A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need.A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain ’ s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the“ Big Threethe exception of.A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’ s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except.A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen ’ s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its.A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2.The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is.A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in.A.the SouthB. the WestC.New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to.A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is.A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in.A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurredbetween the.A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“ No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan. ofA. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775,was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10BCBD CCDC1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11BCBD CCDC1.America produces a major portion of the world’products in the following fields except.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to, and eventually, to.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the“ second industrial revolution.” exceptA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a“ Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except.A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except.A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8.Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12CBBB CBBB1.Formal education in the United States consists of, secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects,are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following,are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor ’degree,s all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following,is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Chapter 21. What were Queen Victoria’ s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the worldlandmass.2. What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World ⅡWar?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World War Ⅱ since they were allied during World War Ⅱ and shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools andvocational schools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable studentsand prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjectslike cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own coursesand award their own degrees.4. What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public ’ s opinion, determine people ’ s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populatedregion is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about2 0% of the nation ’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?√√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America ’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac)negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checksand balances ”,theother is that the power of the federalgovernm ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Asenator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.。
英语国家概况__谢福之_复习资料全
The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）.由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）.两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland（爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important),originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙）Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口).The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府)Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles.Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅),St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题
第三大题Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world’s landmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany,Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocationalschools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the federal governm ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and aresident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?Generally speaking, the Democrats Party has a liberal ideology, while the Republicans Party is more conservative.The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy a nd emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rig hts laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedo m and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for la w and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists establi shed shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iro n forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less pro fitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demand s of the war ,surged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability a nd its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their grad uates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and busi ness.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died.During the following summer the native America helped them and then they hada bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 21.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, its industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the social class structure. The capitalist class became the most important force in the country and the proletariat classemerged.2.Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.Colonization of Newfoundland in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had been an empire which include the colonies inCanada, India and many small states in the West Indies. During the mid-19thcentury, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included about a quarter of the global population and aquarter of the world’s landmass. Before World WarⅠ, Britain was the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered a great loss of itsmanpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained independence as a resu lt of World WarⅡ,which inevitably led to fall of the British Empire.Chapter 51.What are the general features of Britain’s independent schools?Britain’s independent schools require fees from students. Although theNational Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get theirfunding through the private sector as well as tuition fees, with minimalgovernment assistance. Since the are generally better funded than most state schools, they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities.However, the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.2.What are the “quality press” and the “tabloids” in Britain?Among the 10daily national newspapers in Britain, about half of them areregarded as the “quality press” since they carry in-depth articles of political and social importance, review s and feature articles about ‘high culture”, and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good examples. The “tabloids”, with color photos and strikingheadlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities. A typical example is The Sun on Sunday.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about theAmerican election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of d ollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with t he rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the el ectors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality ,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some ca ndidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed ne w emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He als o frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow u nfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power w as threatened.The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala,but i t suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.p ower and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States. Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate co mmerce.It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create mo ney and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post off ice and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned cl ause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property",a matte r that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thc entury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s ec onomic development.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst econ omic depression in American history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State Emergency Reli ef Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious pr oblems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,Inall,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities a re fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system ,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much educat ion as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work todiscover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already kn own .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cu ltures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achi eved success.Struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly a cknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing prin ciple of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英语国家概况谢福之chapter 1单元
Wales
❖ It has an area of 20,780 square kilometres which takes u p less than 9% of the whole island. The longest river: Severn River塞文河 (354 square kilometers) Snowdonia (1,085m) in the northwest is the highest mou ntain in Wales.
• Ireland = Northern Ireland + Eire (the Republic of Ireland)
• The United Kingdom= Great Britain + Northern Ireland
• British (Britons) = English + Scots + Welsh + Irish
Britain?
Scotland
2
4
Edinburgh
5
Belfast
Dublin Wa3les Cardiff
England
1
London
Components
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
英语国家概况(修订版谢福之)美国部分
对错题Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of po wers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the co urts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.( T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America. (T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, locati on and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 81.central, east, west2.483.Alaska4.the Mississippi River5.in New England6.California7.Europe8.western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 91.Jamestown, Virginia2. French and British3.the people of the 13 colonies4. the Second Continental Congress5. Emancipation Proclamation6.Neutrality7. Roosevelt8. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.17892. tries to give3. guarantees citizens of4. six, two5.the Secretary of State6.making laws7. nine8.electors elected by the votersChapter 111.ore2. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. diplomatic authority4.Alexander Hamilton5.Refrigerator6.Unemployment Pension7.Agribusinesses maintain a8.ServicesChapter 121.elementary2.politics and business education3.Harvard University4.research institutions5. working for communities6. The New York Times7.(PBS)8.July 4th简答题（1）Chapter 8 geography and people1. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolita n centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wini ng the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to enco urage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to redu ce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state w hich they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than s even years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cas es that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions ?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full empl oyment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system whi ch gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress t he need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of aborti on they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 11 economy1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specia lized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in Am erica had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industr ies , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its ow n economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nation s.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public se rvice , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have ma de extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in someareas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayf lower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not en ough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and t hen they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.简答题（2）Chapter 81．Why is the United St ates regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in waves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Recently,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward di fferent cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society s hould create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants sh ould keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural societ y.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their planta tions and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were again st it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a pow erful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American electio n?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.T o win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make spe eches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will b e the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solv e the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they b ecome President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S c onstitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20th century.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.I n the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.Presiden t Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State E mergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan admini stration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interes t rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and a ccessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The sec ond ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand wh at is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料.The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰） . 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important),originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口).The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府)Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles. Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定 London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅),St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe. 大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从1/ 18欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况 谢福之 Chapter 1 Geography People and Language
famous buildings in London
Buckingham Palace Westminster Palace Westminster Abbey The Tower of London Big Ben New Scotland Yard Whitehall No. 10 Downing Street
Scotland is Famous for fresh water lochs (lakes) like Loch Ness; its clans, kilts, medieval castles, as well as poetry and songs of Robert Burns (auld lang syne).
水仙的欢欣却胜过水波； 与这样快活的伴侣为伍， 诗人怎能不满心欢乐！ 我久久凝望，却想象不到 这奇景赋予我多少财宝，—— 每当我躺在床上不眠， 或心神空茫，或默默沉思， 它们常在心灵中闪现， 那是孤独之中的福祉； 于是我的心便涨满幸福， 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
Buckingham Palace has been the main home of our Royal family since Queen Victoria. It was originally built in 1703 for the Duke of Buckingham.
Buckingham Palace
Wales: It’s mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous
than North and Mid Wales.
பைடு நூலகம்
Northern Ireland: It’s mostly hilly.
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题
第三大题Chapter?21.WhatwereQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustria lization,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowthoftradeandcommerce.Duringherreign,Britaindevelopedin toanempireincluding aboutaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.2.WhatwerethetwocampsinWorldWarⅠ?InWorldⅠthetwocampsweretheCentralPowers-mainlyGermany,Austria-Hungary,TurkeyandtheAllie s-mainlyFrance,GreatBritain,Russia,Italyandfrom1917,theUnitedStates.3.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?BritaincooperatedcloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡsincetheywerealliedduringWorldWa rⅡandsharedthesameconcernsabouttheSovietUnion.Chapter?51.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?Grammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,w hereasvocationalschoolsweretohelpthelesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.2.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritishcomprehensiveschoolsprovide?Britishcomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliterature andscience,andmorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.3.InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhi chstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.4.WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritishleisureculture?ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritainleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determ inepeop le’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment. Chapter?101.What?are?the?two?characteristics?of?the?U.S.?constitution???One?is?“checks?and?balances”,?the?other?is?that?the?power?of?the?federal?government?and?of the?state?governments?are?specifiedintheConstitution.??2.What?are?the?qualifications?for?a?senator?and?a?representative?respectively???A?senator?must?be?over?30?years?old,a?U.S.?citizen?for?at?least?nine?years,?and?a?resident?in?the?state?which?they?represent?.?A?representative?should?be?at?least?25?years?old?and?a?U.S.?citizen?for?no?less?than?seven?years.??3.What?are?the?major?powers?of?the?supreme??court???a)to?interpret?lawsb)?to?hear?appeals?from?any?federal?court?cases;?c)to?hear?appeals?from?state?court?cases?that?involve?the?constitution?or?national?laws??d)maydeclare?a?law?unconstitutional??e)?may?declare?a?presidential?act?unconstitutional.??4.What?is?the?difference?between?the?democrats?and?the?republicans?in?terms?of?political?opinions?Generally?speaking,theDemocratsPartyhasaliberalideology,whiletheRepublicansPartyismorecons ervative.The?democrats?want?the?government?to?play?an?important?role?in?the?economy?and?emphasize?full?employment?as?a?matter?of?national?concern??they?favor?civil?rights?laws?,?a?s trong?social?security??system?which?gives?enterprises?a?greater?freedom?and?demand?that?the ?government?control?inflation.?They?stress?the?need?for?law?and?order,?and?oppose?complete?government?social?programs?and?free?choice?of?abortion??they?also?favor?a??strong??military?posture?and?assertive?stand?in?international?relations.?Chapter?11?1.What?industry?developments?took?place?during?the?colonial?period?of?America??During?the?colonial?period?,the?secondary?industries?developed?as?the?colonies?grew?.?a?va riety?of?specialized?sawmills?and?gristmills?appeared.?Colonists?established?shipyards?to?build?f ishing?fleets?and?trading?vessels?.?they?also?built?small?iron?forges?.?by?the?18th?century?,?re gional?patterns?of?development?in?America?had?become?clear.??2.How?did?the?civil?war?affect?the?American?economy???After?the?civil?war?,?the?large?southern?cotton?plantations?became?much?less?profitable?.?no rthern?industries?,?which?had?expanded?rapidly?because?of?the?demands?of?the?war?,surged?a head.??3.Why?does?America?try?to?reduce?trade?barriers???Because?the?united?states?has?increasingly?realized?that?open?bilateral?trade?will?not?only?ad vance?its?own?economic?interests,?but?also?enhance?domestic?stability?and?its?peaceful?relations hip?with?other?nations.?Chapter?12??1.How?does?an?American?university?choose?its?applicants???a)their?high?school?records;?b)?recommendations?from?their?high?school?teachers;?c)?the?impression?they?make?during?interviews?at?the?university;d)?their?scores?on?the?SAT.???2.What?functions?do?American?higher?education?institutions?perform???Higher?education?institutions?in?the?united?states?have?three?functions:?teaching?,?research?and?public?service?,?and?each?has?its?own?emphasis?with?regard?to?its?function?.??3.What?similarities?do?four?famous?university?share???They?all?have?a?long?history?,?they?all?have?an?excellent?faculty?,?a?large?number?of?studen ts?and?have?made?extensive?academic?achievements.?Some?of?their?graduates?are?very?success ful?or?influential?in?some?areas?such?as?politics,?arts?and?business.?4.What?are?the?origins?of?thanksgiving?day???Thanksgiving?is?associated?with?the?time?when?Europeans?first?came?to?the?new?world?,?in?1620,the?mayflower?arrived?and?brought?about?150?pilgrims.?Life?at?the?beginning?was?very?h ard?and?there?was?not?enough?food?,?so?many?of?them?died.?During?the?following?summer?t he?native?America?helped?them?and?then?they?had?a?bountiful?harvest.?So?they?held?a?big?ce lebration?to?thank?god?and?the?native?Americans.???第四大题Chapter?21.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,itsindustrialproductivityincreaseddramati cally.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Ma nynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesinthesocialclassstructure.Thecapitalistclassbecamet hemostimportantforceinthecountryandtheproletariatclassemerged.2.ExplaintheriseandfalloftheBritishEmpire.ColonizationofNewfoundlandin1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,Britainhadbe enanempirewhichincludethecoloniesinCanada,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Duringthe mid-19th century,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.Bytheendofthe19th century,theBritishEmpireincludedaboutaquarterofthegl obalpopulationandaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.BeforeWorldWarⅠ,Britainwasthelargestcoloniale mpireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedagreatlossofitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhauste ditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scolonies gainedindependenceasares ultofWorldWarⅡ,whichinevitablyledtofalloftheBritishEmpire.Chapter?51.WhatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritain’sindependentschools?Britain’sindependentschoolsrequirefeesfromstudents.AlthoughtheNationalCurriculumisoptionalint heindependentsystem,mostindependentschoolsteachwhatthecurriculumdemands.Independentschoo lsgettheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectoraswellastuitionfees,withminimalgovernmentassistance.Sinc ethearegenerallybetterfundedthanmoststateschools,theyarelikelytorecruitthebestteachersandprovid esuperiorfacilities.However,thehightuitionfeeshavebecomeanobstacleformanystudentstoenrollalthou ghgraduatesofindependentschoolsaremorelikelytobeacceptedbyfamousuniversities.2.Whatarethe“qualitypress”andthe“tabloids”inBritain?Amongthe10dailynational newspapersinBritain,abouthalfofthemareregardedasthe“qualitypress”sin cetheycarryin-deptharticlesofpoliticalandsocialimportance,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabout‘highcultur e”,andtheyaregenerallyreadbywell-educatedpeople.TheTimes,TheGuardianandTheDailyTelegraphareg oodexamples.The“tabloids”,withcolorphotosandstrikingheadlines,usuallycoverscandalsandgossipabou tcelebrities.AtypicalexampleisTheSunonSunday.Chapter?10?1.How?is?the?American?President?voted?into?office??What?are?your?ideas?about?the?American?election???Each?party?holds?its?national?convention?every?four?years?to?choose?a?candidate?for?preside ncy.To?win?a?presidential?election,a?candidate?has?to?spend?millions?of?dollars,travel?all?over?th e?country?to?make?speeches?and?debate?on?television?with?the?rival.The?general?election?is?te chnically?divided?into?two?stages.During?the?first?stage,presidential?electors?for?each?state?will?be?chosen.In?the?second?stage?the?electors?meet?and?vote?a?President.Since?the?second?stage ?is?only?a?kind?of?formality,everyone?knows?who?will?be?the?next?President?an?soon?as?the?fir st?stage?is?over.??I?think?the?candidates?spend?too?much?money?on?the?electoral?campaigns.And,?the?election ?cannot?solve?the?social?and?economic?problems?of?the?U.S.?as?some?candidates?do?not?keep?t heir?word?after?they?become?President.??2.What?was?President?Eisenhowers?foreign?policy?and?what?were?the?consequences??? Chapter?11?1.How?did?the?U.S?constitution?lay?the?groundwork?for?American’s?economic?development???2.Cite?examples?to?illustrate?the?role?of?government?intervention?in?America's?economic?development.??The?government?has?always?played?an?active?and?important?role?in?America’s?economic?dev elopment.In?the?early?1930s,thr?United?States?suffered?the?worst?economic?depression?in?Amer ican?history.President?Roosevelt?introduced?the?New?Deal?to?tackle?the?financial?crisis.Besides,h e?set?up?the?New?York?State?Emergency?Relief?Commission?to?help?those?in?desperate?need?a nd?tried?to?relieve?the?serious?problems?of?the?jobless.At?the?end?of?1970s,?the?American?eco nomy?again?suffered?a?recession.The?Reagan?administration?combated?inflation?by?controlling?g overnment?spending?deficit,cutting?taxes?and?raising?interest?rates.Both?policies?mentioned?abo ve?helped?to?set?the?country’s?economic?development?on?its?ri ght?course,In?all,the?interventio n?of?the?government?has?ensured?that?economic?opportunities?are?fair?and?accessible?to?the?people.It?has?prevented?flagrant?abuses?of?the?system,dampened?the?effects?of?inflation?and?stimulated?economic?growth.?Chapter?12?1.What?are?the?ideals?that?guide?the?American?educational?system??The?first?ideal?is?that?as?many?people?as?possible?should?receive?as?much?education?as?pos sible?.The?second?ideal?is?that?of?ptoducing?a?society?that?is?totally?literate?and?of?local?contr ol?.?The?third?ideal?is?that?scholars?and?students?should?work?to?discover?new?information?or ?conceive?new?ways?to?understand?what?is?already?known?.?2.How?does?America?carry?out?multicultural?education???American?schools?routinely?teach?the?experiences?and?values?of?many?ethnic?cultures.Curren t?textbooks?incorporate?a?variety?of?ethnic?individuals?who?have?achieved?success.Struggle?for?equality?are?vividly?depicted,and?past?racism?is?bluntly?acknowledged.Cultural?pluralism?is?now?generally?recognized?as?the?organizing?principle?of?education.Schools?at?all?levels?offer?student s?opportunities?to?learn?about?different?cultures.?。
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
【免费下载】英语国家概况 谢福之 复习资料
The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland（北爱尔兰）.由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland（爱尔兰）The River Thames(second longest and most important), originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea.Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙）Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England.Northern Ireland(Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles.Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案
英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division ofpowers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.B. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions。
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）.由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland（爱尔兰）The River Thames(second longest and most important), originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea.Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙）Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England.Northern Ireland(Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles.Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语从西日耳曼语中发展。
1、Old English: was influenced by Old Norse spoken by the Vikings and was related to the German and Dutch languages.受古代维京人所说的古斯坎德纳威亚语影像并和德语法语密切相关.was ended with the Norman Conquest, when the language was influence by the French-speaking Normans.古英语时代结束于说法语的诺曼人的征服2、Middle English: William the Conqueror invaded and conquered and the Anglo-Saxons (Numerous French words came into the English vocabulary)征服者威廉入侵并征服和盎格鲁-撒克逊人（大量的法语词汇进入英语词汇）3、Modern English(15 century): William Caxton brought standardization to English, and spelling and grammar became fixed. The first dictionary published in 1604. Samuel Johnson: A Dictionary of the English Language was influential in a standard form of spelling.卡克斯顿威廉带来了标准化的英语，并成为固定的拼写和语法。
第一本字典发表于1604。
约翰逊塞缪尔：一本英文字典是有影响的一种标准形式的拼写。
Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is alsocalled “the Queen’s English” or “BBC English”. A third of world’s population use English.标准英语是基于英国东南部的讲话的。
它也被称为“女王的英语”或“英国广播公司英语”。
三分之一的世界人口使用英语。
Chapter 2 History1.有记录的历史起始于55BC,Julius Caesar（凯撒大帝）and his Roman troops invaded the island. 410年, Germanic（日耳曼人）进攻罗马，结束了罗马的统治2.Celtic→Spain and France 凯尔特人→西班牙和法国Anglo-Saxon→Germanic Tribes盎格鲁-撒克逊→日耳曼部落3. Norman Conquest（诺曼征服）of England marked the establishment of feudalism（封建制度）4. Henry II 建立rule of the House of Anjou(安茹王朝) in England, 亦称为the House ofand6. Henry III wages wars. The outraged nobles, led by Simon de Montfort, drafted the Provision of Oxford(牛津条约) to limit the King’s power by calling regular meetings of 15-member Privy Council(枢密院).由Simon de Montfort率领的贵族，起草提供牛津（牛津条约）通过调用15名枢密院会议限制国王的权力（枢密院）Simon de Montfort facilitated the modern idea of a representative parliament.西蒙·德·蒙特福特促进了现代有代表性的议会。
7.The Wars of the Roses: the House of York( white rose) and the House of Lancaster( red8. In 1584, King Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy 《至尊法案》. In 1651, Cromwell destroyed Charles II’s army, which marked the end of the Civil Wars. In 1660 Parliament decided to restore Charles II to the throne which put an end to the Commonwealth.1584，国王亨利八世颁布《至尊法案》至上的行为。
在1651，克伦威尔摧毁了查尔斯二世的军队，这标志着内战结束。
在1660届议会决定恢复查尔斯二世的王位，这将结束了英联邦。
9. 在1688，光荣革命（Glorious Revolution）发生。
在1689年，议会通过了人权法案（the Bill of Rights）。
10.19世纪中期，工业革命完成。
11.The British Empire began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. By the end of 19th12.South African is the fourth self-government dominion of the British Empire after Canada, Australia and New Zealand.南非是继加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰之后的第四个自治领。
Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth1.Britain is a parliamentary democracy 议会制民主with a constitutional monarchy君主立宪制.The British Constitution is made up of① Statutory law 成文法,制定法（the most important）→ passed by parliament②Common law 判例法，普通法→customs or legal precedents③Conventions 习惯法，衡平法→not legally exist, but still vitalThe King orQueen’s role isceremonial,unpolitical andsymbolic3.4.The House of commons（下议院）三大职能①The most important is drafting new laws. 立法②to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government 约束政府③to influence the future government policy影像未来政策6. The parliament: a two-party system 两党制7. Three main parties: The Conservative Party保守党, The Labor Party工党, The Liberal Democrats自由民主党. 获得下议院半数以上投票的党派成为执政党8. The Queen of Britain is considered the head of the Commonwealth. The headquarters are all located in London.英国女王被认为是英联邦的元首（然并卵，只是个代言人而已）。