1. 2012-2018年高考英语语法填空真题

2012-2018年高考英语语法填空真题1. (2018全国卷I) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.2. (2018全国卷II) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in china—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer-use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.3. (2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly intohis eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) no re al harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.4.（2017新课标Ⅰ）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.5.（2017新课标Ⅱ）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67 every day.Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-poweredengines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.6.（2017新课标Ⅲ）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $ 6500 a day as62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel ea rning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more."7.（2017浙江）Last 0ctober, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59 (I).”says Pahlsson.Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again, ” she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.8. (2016新课标Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens o f new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top 61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.0n my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.9. (2016新课标Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.10. (2016新课标Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks．Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo．They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 0ver time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food intosmall pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.11．(2016四川)The giant panda 61 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 62 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 63 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 65 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting pets. The mother held the baby in her front paws, much the way a human does. 66 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 68 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.12．(2015新课标Ⅰ)Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place f or tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead, I’d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.13．(2015新课标Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow) during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day；67 the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 63 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.14．(2015广东)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abandoned.17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. 0ne day, the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 21 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living 22 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.15．(2015湖南)Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 48 you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to 49 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 50 print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 51 always rely just on the Internet for you research.While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 52 complex.There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 53 the amount of information. You need to learn54 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 55 need to check the accuracy of it.16．（2014新课标Ⅰ)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, 0hio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a qui ck fix and something to change immediately?While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).17．（2014新课标Ⅱ)0ne morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “0h, dear! It’s 69 (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another．18．（2014辽宁）Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi (太极). Would you like to join me?Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter: 0K. Don't laugh 61 me. I may look funny.Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturaly and 62 (soft).Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain).Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let65 stay in the air for seconds.Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) "shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses thisenergy to fight back. The68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you !Peter: Unbelievable! 0h …69 you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep 70 .19．（2014湖南）We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with 48 as well as possible.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for 49 . People should not do things 50 will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量) 51 loud pop music should not be played very late at night. By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy 52 friendly relationship with them.An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, 53 there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 54 neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live 55 peace.20．（2014广东）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 17 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18 (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19 for the week after. I didn’t understand20 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21 the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22 (surprise) helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little 25 (sunburn), but the day had bee n so relaxing that we didn’t mind.21．（2013广东）0ne day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16(find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, ” Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little. ”His son looked surprised.”I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much,Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not sav e a bit of money?”“That would be a very19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like our s,” Nick said．Nick’s guests,20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Nick replied,” The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldn’t23 (possible) destroy a village. ”“In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”22．（2013湖南）When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪)49 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball called the 0ne World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It’s lightweight, it’s flexible, and—52important—it holds its shape.The 0ne World Futbol needs no pump 53 won’t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested,54 withstood(经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion.Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the 0ne World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 countries.23．（2012广东）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 1 (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 2 (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn't her，it was probably the fact that she sat in 4 last row.5 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong. It might have made it a little 6(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class. 0f course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary, 7 made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. "Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class, I like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you." The new boy looked at the teacher 8 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 9 the boy would do. Then he took 10 off, gave a big smile and said, "That's cool. "24．(2012湖南)Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that 1 have to write or call our friends every day. It does mean, however, that we 2 care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.People have different habits about keeping in touch with others. Some like to call their friends, sometimesmany times3 day. 0thers prefer to e-mail their friends. Still4 prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles5 the envelopes along with their letters. Some even write postcards while they are on vacation6 send them to friends.Every kind of communication is important. It is 7 important what kind of call we make or letter we send. 8is important is that we let others know we care about them.语法填空答案：1. (2018全国卷I ) 1. longer2. to see3. dying4. Is5. than6. Which/ that7. causes8. strengthen9. energetic 10. It/ running2. (2018全国卷II) 1. has grown 2. the3.actually4. to improve5. than6. pollution7. global8. started 9. which/ that 10. feeding3. (2018全国卷III) 1. which 2. the 3. loudest4. looking5. challenged6. scientist7.for8. them9. meant 10. To stay4. 2017新课标I1. as2. effects3. to process4. are removed5. a6. worse7. is8. eating9. careful 10. which5. 2017新课标II1. crowds2. from3. laying4. the5. were used6. fairly7. it8.managed9. introduction10. successful6. 2017新课标III1. resting2. a3. has been told/ was told4. who5. to prove6. education7. Invitations8. in9. comes 10. certainly7.（2017浙江）1. carrots2. shiny/shining3.so4. myself5. earlier6. to cook7. searched8. swept9. where 10. a8. 2016新课标I1. attraction2. was allowed3. officially4. to5. when6. permitted7. introducing8. its9. days 10. the9. 2016新课标II1. greater2. achievement3. is4. on5. as6. studies7. regularly8. a9. to bring 10. make10. 2016新课标III1. and2. be made3. to create4. using5. as/when6. gradually7. who8. development9. were 10. With11. (2016四川)1. is loved2. recently3. caring、careful4. to eat5.enemies6.When/If7. for8.its9. drove 10. and12. （2015 新课标I）1. arrived2. before/earlier3. its4. that/which5. paintings6. by7. is8. conducted9. regularly 10. living13. 2015 新课标II）1. built2. the3. ability4. using5. slowly6. to cool7. at8. goes9. natural 10. how14. (2015广东) 1. a 2. Luckily 3. for 4. was left 5. when 6. fell 7. without 8. to sell 9. where 10. him15. (2015湖南) 1. if 2. the 3. and 4. shouldn’t 5. more 6. with 7. how 8. you16.（2014新课标Ⅰ) 1. was 2. actually 3. the 4. or5. to reduce6. cleaner 7. that/which8. amazing 9. changes 10. patient17.（2014新课标Ⅱ) 1. being 2. and 3. disappointed 4. to 5. caught 6. to stop 7. riding 8. Did 9. me/mine 10. suddenly18.（2014辽宁） 1. at 2. softly 3. painful 4. holding 5. it 6. is called 7. as 8. harder 9. if 10. breath。