第四章 十五选十

第四章十五选十（Banked Close）第一节选词填空（Banked Cloze）解题技巧（一）解题步骤时间分配：7分钟= 25 –18 （18 分钟留给Section B的两篇常规阅读，选词填空题要给出7分钟）第一步：通读全文(1分钟)，花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。

第二步：整理选项(1分钟)第三步：选词填空(4分钟)第二节强化训练Passage 1The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe the invention, both in writing and with drawings, and __47__ the description with a model to a government official. If the invention was judged to be ___48__ and beneficial, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could ___49__ their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not ___50__ any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could ___51__ anyone of using the patented idea with- out paying the owner of the patent for ___52__ to use it.A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this governmental protection, the government published the patent __53___ , which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general__54_technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for__55__.The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might ___56__ be kept as trade secrets.A) license B) however C) accuse D) submit E) convenientF) permission G) enable H) free I ) specifications J ) yieldK) issue L) charge M) available N) otherwise O) originalPassage 2The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily 1 with sheer physical survival and beyond that its own economic 2 . Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little 3 .As the society became more complex, the 4 of children in the family and in thesociety became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many of other members. 5 , viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes 6 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their will-being.This new 7 of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge （猛增）of interest in child- 8 techniques. People today spend a 9 portion of their time conferring（探讨）on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.The socialization of the 10 child in the United States is a two-way communication between parent and child rather than a one-way parent to child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.A prosperityB statusC protectingD rearingE contemporaryF revealG curiosityH concernedI consideration J consequently K view L considerableM stimulated N consistently O reservingPassage 3Citing an epidemic of obesity, Surgeon General Dr. David Satcher, today called on communities and schools to help children and adults lose weight and stay 1 Satcher 2 schools as central to efforts to prevent and decrease excess weight problems, and recommended they 3 physical education programs and provide healthy food alternatives. Communities also must offer safe places to exercise, he 4 . “Many people believe that dealing with overweight and obesity is a personal responsibility,”Satcher states. “To some degree they are right, but it is also a community responsibility.”An estimated 300,000deaths may be 5 to obesity in the United States each year, and more than 60% of adults in 1999 could be 6 as overweight or obese,7 to the new report from the surgeon general. But the problem is not just a concern for adults. The prevalence of obesity for adolescents has nearly 8 in the past two decades, making early intervention all the more critical.According to the report, in 1999, 13 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 11 and 14 percent of those aged 12 to 19 were overweight. And the younger a person begins to carry excess weight, the 9 the potential impact on their future quality of life. Weight gain and obesity are major 10 to poor health, increasing the risk of a number of medical conditions including heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and even certain cancers.Passage 4The weather prediction for Asia in 2050 read like a script from a doomsday(世界末日) movie.Except many climatologists and green groups fear they will come 1 unless there is a concerted global effort to rein(驾驭) in greenhouse gas 2 .In the decades to come, Asi a--home to more than half the world ’s 6.3 billion people--will lurch(倾斜) 3 one climate extreme to another, with impoverished farmers battling droughts, floods, 4 , food shortages and rising sea levels.“It ’s not a pretty picture,” said Steve Sawyer, climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam. Global warming and changes to weather 5 are already occurring and there is enough excess carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to 6 .Already, changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come, Sawyer and top climate bodies say, and could lead to mass migration and widespread humanitarian 7 .According to predictions, glaciers will 8 faster, some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate or build sea defenses, storms will become more intense and insect and water-borne diseases will move into new areas as the world 9 .Experts say environmental 10 such as deforestation and pollution will likely magnify the impacts of climate change.Passage 4Passage 5A purchaseB classifiedC urgedD interviewE tripledF contributorsG moreoverH healthyI greaterJ attributedK improveL dealM accordingN checkoutO identifiedA comeB scholarshipC meltD emissionsE effortF patternsG crisesH trueI conceiveJ warmsK disease With M degradation N long O fromWhat is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 49 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 50 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 51 by imports — pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 52 .But strong opinions have not brought 53. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage（束缚）. It’s what we eat —and how we 56 it with friends, family, and strangers —that help define America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. beliefK. suspicious L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. idealsPassage 6There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain—something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degre es of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news.From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. T he results aren’t pretty. Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and coasts are 54, threatening communities.The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the planet.A. remoteB. techniquesC. consistingD. restE. willingF. climateG. skillH. appetiteI. meltingJ. vanishingK. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful十五选十强化训练参考答案Passage 147. D 此处需要一个动词。