英语语法：被动语态及练习(附答案)

英语中的被动语态及练习

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

Visitors ___________(request) not to touch the exhibits.

2）was/were done 一般过去时

I ___________(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choose.

All the preparations ___________ (complete).

By the end of last year, another new gym ___________ (complete) in Beijing.

A new cinema ___________ (build) here．

6）was/were being done 过去进行时

A meeting ___________ (hold) when I was there.

Hundreds of jobs ___________ (lose) if the factory closes.

8）should/would be done 过去将来时

The news ___________ (send) to the soldier's mother.

9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时

The project ___________ (complete) before July.

10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时

He told me that his new clothes ___________ (make) very soon.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

The baby should ___________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear,等后面不定式作宾

语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. ?

I don't like ___________ (laugh) at in the public.

I don't want ___________ (laugh) at in the public.

4. It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is wel l known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。It is said that the boy has passed the exam./ The boy is said to have passed the exam.

二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1. 英语中有很多动词如lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

This kind of cloth washes well.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：

The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked.（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,

look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Your reason sounds reasonable.

三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

1．在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）

3. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

Exercises:

1. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.