美国文学 PPT课件
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《美国文学》课件三.ppt
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Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学 课件1-puritanism清教主义
❖“The king died and then the queen died.”
❖ “The king died and then the queen
died of grief.”
1. What is Literature?
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by university of intellectual and emotional appeal.
Other approaches(2)
❖ Post- structuralism ❖ Decostructuralism
❖ Our textbook is arranged in chronological order, but we deal with each period analytically with emphasis on theme.
4.How to Define American Literature
❖ American literature mainly refers to literature produced in American English by the people living in the US. This generalization does not exclude literature produced in other languages by American expatriates or literature produced in other languages by minorities in the country such as the American Indian literature in the Indian language and the Jewish American literature in the Yiddish language.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
American literaturePPT课件
2. Exclusion of the literature of women and colored people (American Indians, AfricanAmericans, Asian Americans, etc)
Nationalistic Orientation (2)
3. “Good” literature: embodiment of American national spirit – e.g. F. O. Matthiessen in American Renaissance (1941) enshrines five writers for their devotion to “democracy”, dismissing Mrs. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) as second rate popular writing only. cf. The Scarlet Letter (1850) Moby Dick (1851) Walden (1854) Leaves of Grass (1855) Americanness vs Excellence
Indians? • Literature most representing American
national spirit by American citizens? • – women’s domestic / private literature? • Literature created by American citizens
Hawthorne: cultural production
1. Evert Duyckinck, who managed the magazine United States Magazine and Democratic Review , advocate of American literary nationalism, proponent of high culture
Nationalistic Orientation (2)
3. “Good” literature: embodiment of American national spirit – e.g. F. O. Matthiessen in American Renaissance (1941) enshrines five writers for their devotion to “democracy”, dismissing Mrs. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) as second rate popular writing only. cf. The Scarlet Letter (1850) Moby Dick (1851) Walden (1854) Leaves of Grass (1855) Americanness vs Excellence
Indians? • Literature most representing American
national spirit by American citizens? • – women’s domestic / private literature? • Literature created by American citizens
Hawthorne: cultural production
1. Evert Duyckinck, who managed the magazine United States Magazine and Democratic Review , advocate of American literary nationalism, proponent of high culture
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
ppt课件
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森
精选完整ppt课件
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Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
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What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
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The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
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Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
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American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
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2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
《美国文学》课件.ppt
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• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
美国文学现实主义文学 PPT
美国文学现实主义文学
Part IV The Literature of Realism
美国现实主义文学 (1860-1914)
I. Historical Introduction II. Literary Movements between the Civil
War and the First World War III. The Establishment of American
Features of Realism
Emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. Realists seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences. They expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Realism is embedded in a mimetic theory of art. Realists believe that literature imitates reality.
Local Colorism
❖ Local colorism is dependent upon a specific geographical location. Local colorists give emphasis to the local details by tapping into its folklore, history, mannerism, custom, beliefs and speech. Dialects peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
Part IV The Literature of Realism
美国现实主义文学 (1860-1914)
I. Historical Introduction II. Literary Movements between the Civil
War and the First World War III. The Establishment of American
Features of Realism
Emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. Realists seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences. They expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Realism is embedded in a mimetic theory of art. Realists believe that literature imitates reality.
Local Colorism
❖ Local colorism is dependent upon a specific geographical location. Local colorists give emphasis to the local details by tapping into its folklore, history, mannerism, custom, beliefs and speech. Dialects peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
美国文学及其特色ppt课件
沃尔特·惠特曼 (Walt Whitman)
《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass, 1855－1892)
马克·吐温 (Mark Twain)
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn, 1884)
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推荐书目
西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）
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西方文学中带有普遍性的象征
霍桑的“红字” 梅尔维尔的“白鲸” 惠特曼的“草叶” 安德森的“奇形怪状的苹果” 菲兹杰拉德码头上的“绿灯” 福克纳的“熊”
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美国文学
中
思想内容上的 感情矛盾
表达方式上的 意思含糊、模棱两可
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学习方法
做
“思考的人”
“Man Thinking”
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学习方法
• 把美国文学和美国地理、历史、社会、文化 结合起来学习；
纳撒尼尔·霍桑 (Nathaniel Hawthorne)
《红字》(The Scarlet Letter, 1850)
斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin，1852 )
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (Herman Melville)
《白鲸》(Moby-Dick, 1851 )
• 经常出现的“美国梦”主题 • 作品主题或文学体裁往往和美国的
地理、历史有关 • 个人和社会的冲突和矛盾、社会进
步毁坏了大自然和人的天性 • 少年成长的故事(initiation story) • 开放性结尾
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美国梦American Dream
菲兹杰拉德/F. Scott Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》
美国文学史总结PPT课件
人之福，也是众人之父“a common blessing and father to them all”
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
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Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
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Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
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4美国文学课件
Poetic Principles
To Poe, poetic meaning is in the poem’s own poem’ composition and utterance, thus there is no utterance, exterior or transcendental truth in a poem. This emphasis on the poem’s own integrity poem’ and that a poem being absolutely independent allows people to associate Poe with the school of “art for art’s sake” and to regard him art’ sake” as a precursor to the school of New Criticism in the 20th century America.
► Quoth
the Raven, Nevermore
► Original
Burial Place of Edgar Allan Poe From October 9, 1849 Until November 17, 1875 ► Mrs. Marian Clemm, His Mother-In-Law Mother-InLies Upon His Right And Virginia Poe His Wife, Upon His Left. Under The Monument Erected To Him In This Cemetery
► Before
he became editor of Southern Literary Messenger in 1835, he had published a number of short stories, including “MS Found in a Bottle” Bottle”. In his new position as editor, Poe soon established himself as a leading critic in literature. literature. His editorship and the vitality of his critical articles and his literary creation brought him increasing fame in literary circles but never wealth; even when he was at the peak of his career, he was “as … as ever I was in my life.” life. in 1847 his wife died, and then two more years of loneliness, poverty, intoxication and illness killed Poe at the age of 40.
美国文学ppt课件
histories, travel accounts, diaries,
biographies, letters, autobiographies, sermons,
and poems.
Wor
5
Major writers:
Captain John Smith （约翰·史密斯）
? the first American
? The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
? As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent
Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made
artists self-conscious about American subjects.
?“Poet of the American
Revolution”
?“Father of American
Poetry”
?“Pioneer of the New
Romanticism”
?“A gifted and versatile lyric
Wor
poet”
? “The Rising Glory of America” (1772)
美国文学课件(Emerson and Thoreau)PPT教学课件
• Other influences on Emerson’s later thinking included
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
美国文学菲茨杰拉德Fitzgerald课件
05
菲茨杰拉德创作风格与技 巧
独特的叙事视角和语言风格
第一人称叙事
菲茨杰拉德善于运用第一人称叙 事，通过主人公的视角展现故事 ，使读者更加深入地了解人物内
心世界。
诗意语言
他的语言优美、富有诗意，善于运 用比喻、拟人等修辞手法，使作品 充满文学性和艺术性。
抒情与幽默并存
在叙事中融入抒情和幽默元素，使 作品既具有深刻的思想内涵，又不 失轻松愉快的阅读体验。
独特的叙事风格
小说采用第一人称叙事方式，通过尼 克的视角来展现故事，使得读者能够 更加深入地了解人物内心世界和小说 主题。
象征手法的运用
小说中运用了大量的象征手法，如绿 光、灰烬谷等，这些象征不仅丰富了 小说的艺术表现力，还深化了小说的 主题思想。
精湛的心理描写
小说中对人物心理的描写非常精湛， 能够深入揭示人物的内心世界和情感 变化，使得人物形象更加立体生动。
美国文学菲茨杰 拉德Fitzgerald 课件
目录
• 菲茨杰拉德简介与背景 • 《了不起的盖茨比》解读 • 《夜色温柔》赏析 • 菲茨杰拉德短篇小说选讲 • 菲茨杰拉德创作风格与技巧 • 菲茨杰拉德与其他作家比较研究
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菲茨杰拉德简介与背景
生平经历及主要作品
生平经历
菲茨杰拉德出生于美国明尼苏达州圣保罗市，是20世纪美国 文学的重要代表之一。他的人生经历丰富多彩，包括与旧情 人关系的纠缠、对财富和名利的追求、以及自身的精神苦闷 等，这些经历都成为他创作的源泉。
影响
菲茨杰拉德的作品对后来的文学创作产生了重要的影响，尤其是在描绘人物性格和揭示社会问题方面 。他的作品启发了许多作家和艺术家，成为他们创作的灵感源泉。同时，他的作品也深刻地反映了人 类精神世界的复杂性和多样性，对读者产生了深远的影响。
《美国文学》一PPT课件
• 5. Don’t expect me (or anybody else) to discuss everything about a writer or a literary work as a teacher of intensive reading does; don’t expect me to write everything I say on the blackboard. This is not at all the proper method of studying literature.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• American Puritanism
(the early 17th century--the end of the 18th)
1706-1790
1703-1758
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 4. The major representatives in this period were John Smith (1588-1649), William Bradford (1590-1657), John Winthrop (1588-1649), and Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672).
• 1. Basic knowledge of American literary works
• 2. Basic knowledge of world literary classics,particularly those of ancient Greece
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• American Puritanism
(the early 17th century--the end of the 18th)
1706-1790
1703-1758
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 4. The major representatives in this period were John Smith (1588-1649), William Bradford (1590-1657), John Winthrop (1588-1649), and Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672).
• 1. Basic knowledge of American literary works
• 2. Basic knowledge of world literary classics,particularly those of ancient Greece
美国文学-惠特曼PPT课件
in American literature
.
4
Whitman • Position
A part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism
He believed the American poets would create both new forms and new subject matter for poetry.
我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己， 我所讲的一切，将对你们也一样适合， 因为属于我的每一个原子，也同样属于你。 我闲游，邀请我的灵魂一起， 我俯首下视，悠闲地观察一片夏天的草叶。
—— Song of myself
.
16
My tongue, every atom of my blood,
Form’d from this soil, this air,
10
03
Major Works
.
11
Whitman • Works
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
nine editions，from 95 pages,12 poems to 400 pages,401 poems
the first American genuine epic poems
Worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor (of eight successive newspapers ), and journalist.
.
7
Whitman • Life Experience
ppt课件1103majorworksppt课件12whitman??works?nineeditionsfrom95pages12poemsto400pages401poems?thefirstamericangenuineepicpoems?acollectionofpoemswrittenmainlyinfreeverse?isnobleforitsfrankdelightinandpraiseofthesenses?mostofthepoemsareaboutmanandnaturepraisethenatureandtheindividaulhumansrolethereinleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件13whitman??works?grassmeans?theimageofthecommonpeople?asymbolofrisingamerica?anenbodimentofhisidealsaboutdemocracyandfreedomleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件14whitman??leavesofgrass?1855thefirstedition12poemsdidnotsellwellbutmadeastirontheamericaliteraryscene?1856thesecndedition33poems?1860thethirdedition122poems?1867thefourthedition?1871thefiftheditionbegantoreceiverecognitioninenglandandamerica?1876twovolumesleavesofgrassandtworivulets?1881theseventheditionfirstpublishedbyareputationpublisherbutwasbanned?1889theeighthedition?18911892thedeathbededition400poemshislifetimeendeavorppt课件15whitman??works?songofmyself自我之歌agoodexampleofhisthought?isingthebodyelectric我歌唱带电的肉体?therewasachildwentforth有个小孩走过来?ocaptainmy
.
4
Whitman • Position
A part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism
He believed the American poets would create both new forms and new subject matter for poetry.
我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己， 我所讲的一切，将对你们也一样适合， 因为属于我的每一个原子，也同样属于你。 我闲游，邀请我的灵魂一起， 我俯首下视，悠闲地观察一片夏天的草叶。
—— Song of myself
.
16
My tongue, every atom of my blood,
Form’d from this soil, this air,
10
03
Major Works
.
11
Whitman • Works
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
nine editions，from 95 pages,12 poems to 400 pages,401 poems
the first American genuine epic poems
Worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor (of eight successive newspapers ), and journalist.
.
7
Whitman • Life Experience
ppt课件1103majorworksppt课件12whitman??works?nineeditionsfrom95pages12poemsto400pages401poems?thefirstamericangenuineepicpoems?acollectionofpoemswrittenmainlyinfreeverse?isnobleforitsfrankdelightinandpraiseofthesenses?mostofthepoemsareaboutmanandnaturepraisethenatureandtheindividaulhumansrolethereinleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件13whitman??works?grassmeans?theimageofthecommonpeople?asymbolofrisingamerica?anenbodimentofhisidealsaboutdemocracyandfreedomleavesofgrass草叶集ppt课件14whitman??leavesofgrass?1855thefirstedition12poemsdidnotsellwellbutmadeastirontheamericaliteraryscene?1856thesecndedition33poems?1860thethirdedition122poems?1867thefourthedition?1871thefiftheditionbegantoreceiverecognitioninenglandandamerica?1876twovolumesleavesofgrassandtworivulets?1881theseventheditionfirstpublishedbyareputationpublisherbutwasbanned?1889theeighthedition?18911892thedeathbededition400poemshislifetimeendeavorppt课件15whitman??works?songofmyself自我之歌agoodexampleofhisthought?isingthebodyelectric我歌唱带电的肉体?therewasachildwentforth有个小孩走过来?ocaptainmy
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➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
安妮·布拉兹特里特 、爱德华·泰勒 ）
The Revolution War and The Civil War
美国民族文学形成时期
❖ The forming of national literature
托马斯·杰弗逊 本杰明·富兰克林 菲利普·弗瑞诺
❖ Early Romanticism
欧文 库珀 布莱恩特
❖ Transcendentalism and Post-Romanticism
爱默生 梭罗 霍桑 梅尔维尔 朗费罗 洛威尔 霍姆斯
❖ The literature of Abolition Movement （斯托夫人 ） ❖ Poetry（民主诗人惠特曼）
南北战争到第一次世界大战
在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
第二次世界大战后
❖ 战争文学 （梅勒 ；詹姆斯·琼斯 ） ❖ “垮掉的一代” ❖ “黑色幽默” （海勒 ；冯内古特；阿尔比-荒诞派戏剧） ❖ “非虚构小说” （卡波特的《凶杀》(1966)与梅勒的《刽子手之
派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”） ❖ 理论与批评
按照体裁分类
❖ 一、自传 ❖ 二、诗歌 ❖ 三、戏剧 ❖ 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年
代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
Table of Contents
➢ Introduction
➢ Brief Outline of American Literature
➢ Chapter I Colonial Period
❖ 李宜燮，常耀信，
Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（下册）。
❖ A Guide to a Survey of American Literature,《<美国文学简史>（第 二版）学习指南》，赵红英，中国传媒大学出版社。
❖ 《牛津文学术语词典》，上海外语教育出版社。 ❖ 《漫话英美文学》.常耀信. 天津：南开大学出 版社，2004.
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义
(non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可
能性。
美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
两次世界大战之间
❖ 现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛·刘易斯 ；薇拉·凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德·赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰·里德 ；多斯·帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉·福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析，
❖ 殖民地时期 ❖ 独立革命至南北战争时期 ❖ 南北战争到第一次世界大战 ❖ 两次世界大战之间 ❖ 第二次世界大战后
Colonialism
❖ Indian Culture ❖ Pro-immigration culture （Cotton
Mather、Jonathan Edwards） ❖ Poetry creation （迈克尔·威格尔斯沃思 、
❖ In 1630 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
❖ Independent War (1776-1783); the foundation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America.
5. Realism (1861-1914)
Mark Twain Henry James
Naturalism:
Stephen Crane Theodore Dreiser
6. The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound
Introduction
1. What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry.
❖ Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages.
歌》 ） ❖ 犹太人文学 （贝洛 ；辛格 ；马拉默德；罗斯 ） ❖ 黑人文学（拉尔夫·艾列森 ；鲍德温 ；关德琳·布鲁克斯 ；洛伦·亨
斯伯利 ；勒鲁伊·琼斯 ） ❖ 南方作家 （福克纳；波特；威尔蒂；斯泰伦；奥康诺；麦柯勒斯；
威廉斯 ） ❖ 纽约作家 （利·特里林；玛·麦卡锡；约翰·契弗；厄普代克） ❖ 个性化的诗歌 （“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体
❖ 现实主义文学
豪威尔斯 乡土文学与马克·吐温 心理分析小说家亨利·詹姆斯
❖ 黑人文学
道格拉斯 邓巴 切斯纳特
两次世界大战之间
❖ 现代派文学的兴起
诗歌 (艾米莉·迪金森；庞德 ；H.D.希尔达·杜利 特尔 ；艾·洛威尔；威·卡·威廉斯；桑德堡； 沃·斯蒂文斯；艾·李·马斯特斯；玛·莫尔 )
戏剧（奥尼尔 ） 小说 （格·斯泰因；舍·安德森 ） 迷惘的一代（海明威 ；菲茨杰拉尔德 ）
American Literature
American Literature
Teaching Materials:
❖ A Survey of American Literature， 《美国文学简史》（第二版），常耀信， 南开大学出版社。
Further Reading:
李宜燮，常耀信， Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（上 册）。
Arthur Miller
Tennessee Williams
9. The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
It contains fiction & non-fiction.
Fiction: (4 genres)
❖ Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories)
• Poetry
• description
• novel • drama • short story
• narration • exposition • argumentation
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
安妮·布拉兹特里特 、爱德华·泰勒 ）
The Revolution War and The Civil War
美国民族文学形成时期
❖ The forming of national literature
托马斯·杰弗逊 本杰明·富兰克林 菲利普·弗瑞诺
❖ Early Romanticism
欧文 库珀 布莱恩特
❖ Transcendentalism and Post-Romanticism
爱默生 梭罗 霍桑 梅尔维尔 朗费罗 洛威尔 霍姆斯
❖ The literature of Abolition Movement （斯托夫人 ） ❖ Poetry（民主诗人惠特曼）
南北战争到第一次世界大战
在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
第二次世界大战后
❖ 战争文学 （梅勒 ；詹姆斯·琼斯 ） ❖ “垮掉的一代” ❖ “黑色幽默” （海勒 ；冯内古特；阿尔比-荒诞派戏剧） ❖ “非虚构小说” （卡波特的《凶杀》(1966)与梅勒的《刽子手之
派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”） ❖ 理论与批评
按照体裁分类
❖ 一、自传 ❖ 二、诗歌 ❖ 三、戏剧 ❖ 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年
代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
Table of Contents
➢ Introduction
➢ Brief Outline of American Literature
➢ Chapter I Colonial Period
❖ 李宜燮，常耀信，
Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（下册）。
❖ A Guide to a Survey of American Literature,《<美国文学简史>（第 二版）学习指南》，赵红英，中国传媒大学出版社。
❖ 《牛津文学术语词典》，上海外语教育出版社。 ❖ 《漫话英美文学》.常耀信. 天津：南开大学出 版社，2004.
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义
(non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可
能性。
美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
两次世界大战之间
❖ 现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛·刘易斯 ；薇拉·凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德·赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰·里德 ；多斯·帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉·福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析，
❖ 殖民地时期 ❖ 独立革命至南北战争时期 ❖ 南北战争到第一次世界大战 ❖ 两次世界大战之间 ❖ 第二次世界大战后
Colonialism
❖ Indian Culture ❖ Pro-immigration culture （Cotton
Mather、Jonathan Edwards） ❖ Poetry creation （迈克尔·威格尔斯沃思 、
❖ In 1630 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
❖ Independent War (1776-1783); the foundation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America.
5. Realism (1861-1914)
Mark Twain Henry James
Naturalism:
Stephen Crane Theodore Dreiser
6. The 1920s
T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound
Introduction
1. What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry.
❖ Language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages.
歌》 ） ❖ 犹太人文学 （贝洛 ；辛格 ；马拉默德；罗斯 ） ❖ 黑人文学（拉尔夫·艾列森 ；鲍德温 ；关德琳·布鲁克斯 ；洛伦·亨
斯伯利 ；勒鲁伊·琼斯 ） ❖ 南方作家 （福克纳；波特；威尔蒂；斯泰伦；奥康诺；麦柯勒斯；
威廉斯 ） ❖ 纽约作家 （利·特里林；玛·麦卡锡；约翰·契弗；厄普代克） ❖ 个性化的诗歌 （“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体
❖ 现实主义文学
豪威尔斯 乡土文学与马克·吐温 心理分析小说家亨利·詹姆斯
❖ 黑人文学
道格拉斯 邓巴 切斯纳特
两次世界大战之间
❖ 现代派文学的兴起
诗歌 (艾米莉·迪金森；庞德 ；H.D.希尔达·杜利 特尔 ；艾·洛威尔；威·卡·威廉斯；桑德堡； 沃·斯蒂文斯；艾·李·马斯特斯；玛·莫尔 )
戏剧（奥尼尔 ） 小说 （格·斯泰因；舍·安德森 ） 迷惘的一代（海明威 ；菲茨杰拉尔德 ）
American Literature
American Literature
Teaching Materials:
❖ A Survey of American Literature， 《美国文学简史》（第二版），常耀信， 南开大学出版社。
Further Reading:
李宜燮，常耀信， Selected Readings in American Literature《美国文学选读》（上 册）。
Arthur Miller
Tennessee Williams
9. The Post-war Scene
Saul Bellow Salinger
Poetry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets
It contains fiction & non-fiction.
Fiction: (4 genres)
❖ Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories)
• Poetry
• description
• novel • drama • short story
• narration • exposition • argumentation