2020考研英语一大纲原文

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2020考研英语一大纲原文

2020考研英语一大纲原文The national graduate entrance examination,specifically the English Language Test (Part I), serves as a standardized and selection-oriented assessment tool for admitting students into postgraduate programs atinstitutions of higher learning and research institutions. This examination aims to evaluate candidates' proficiencyin the English language in a scientific, fair, andeffective manner, setting the benchmark at or above the passing level of non-English major undergraduate studentsin higher education institutions. The objective is to ensure that admitted students possess a certain level of English proficiency, facilitating the selection of top candidates by various higher education institutions and research centers based on their academic performance.The English Language Test (Part I) primarily comprises two sections: listening comprehension and reading comprehension. The listening section aims to assess the candidates' ability to understand spoken English, while the reading comprehension section evaluates their comprehension skills in written English. Both sections require candidatesto demonstrate a solid foundation in language knowledge, including grammar and vocabulary, as well as their ability to apply these skills in practical contexts.Firstly, grammar knowledge is crucial in the English Language Test (Part I). Although the outline does not specifically enumerate the requirements for grammar, it encourages candidates to use their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in practice rather than focusing solely on rote learning of grammatical rules. This approach promotes more accurate and spontaneous use of grammar in communication.Secondly, vocabulary is another essential aspect of the test. Candidates are expected to have a mastery of approximately 5,500 words and their related phrases, as outlined in the appendices of the outline. A robust vocabulary not only enables candidates to understand the content of the test materials but also enhances theirability to express themselves fluently and accurately in English.In preparing for the English Language Test (Part I), candidates should adopt a comprehensive and strategicapproach. Regular practice in listening and reading comprehension is essential to improve comprehension skills. Additionally, candidates should focus on enhancing their vocabulary through regular reading and note-taking.Utilizing resources such as dictionaries, thesauruses, and online platforms can aid in vocabulary expansion.Moreover, mock tests are invaluable in simulating the actual exam environment and assessing one's readiness. Candidates can utilize past exam papers and online practice tests to familiarize themselves with the format and difficulty level of the test. Regular self-evaluation and feedback are also crucial in identifying areas of weakness and devising targeted improvement plans.Lastly, maintaining a positive mindset and adisciplined study schedule are essential for successful preparation. Candidates should approach the exam with confidence and maintain a consistent and focused approach to their studies.**2020考研英语一大纲原文解析及备考策略**全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）大纲作为选拔性入学考试科目，旨在科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力。

2020 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语一)

2020 Text 1（英语⼀）A group of Labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper , are bringing in thenew year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award.⼀群⼀党议员，其中包括伊维特·库珀，在新的⼀年⼀呼吁设⼀英国“⼀化⼀镇” 奖。

The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017, and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021. 它应该与现有的“⼀化城市”称号并列，该称号在2017 年由赫尔市夺得，2021 年则花落考⼀垂市。

Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, ought not to be confined to cities.库珀和她的同事们认为，赫尔市的成功带来了2.2 亿英镑的投资和井喷式的艺术发展，这个称号不应该局限于城市。

Britain's towns, it is true, are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitors.英国的⼀镇确实没有被禁⼀申请“⼀化城市”称号，但它们普遍缺乏资源，⼀法击败更强⼀的竞争对⼀。

2020text4英语一原文

2020text4英语一原文2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The vital role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in boosting innovation and driving economic growth has never been more apparent than in today's globalized world. IPR provides a legal framework 1 enforcing ownership rights over creations of the mind, allowing inventors, artists, and businesses to protect their work from unauthorized use.2 the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the protection of IPR is facing new challenges. The advent of digital technology and the Internet has made it easier to reproduce and distribute creative products,3 opening the door to rampant piracy. This has dealt a severe blow to the revenue streams of rights holders across various industries.4 combating piracy and upholding IPR, governments, law enforcement agencies, and international organizations have been5 their efforts. They have established stricter laws and regulations, established specialized IPR courts, and launched campaigns to raise public awareness6 IPR protection.7, IPR infringement seems to be a never-ending battle. There are still those who believe that pirated products are temptingly cheap and accessible.Additionally, the complexity of new technologies poses challenges 8 identifying and prosecuting infringers. These factors contribute to the persistence of IPR infringement.Furthermore, the global nature of the internet makes it difficult for a single country or region to effectively control piracy. To address this, international cooperation is crucial. Countries must work together 9 sharing information, intelligence, and best practices. Only through joint efforts can we hope to combat cross-border IPR infringement effectively.In conclusion, protecting IPR is essential for fostering innovation and creativity, which are the driving forces behind economic growth. Governments, international organizations, and individuals must continue to work together to develop stronger legal frameworks, enforce stricter regulations, and educate the public 10 the value of intellectual property. By doing so, we can better ensure a fair and sustainable environment for innovation and economic development.1. [A] in [B] on [C] with [D] for2. [A] Except [B] Despite [C] Given [D] Including3. [A] accordingly [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] inevitably4. [A] At [B] In [C] For [D] With5. [A] strengthened [B] devoting [C] enhancing [D] utilizing6. [A] of [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] Instead [B] Meanwhile [C] However [D] Therefore8. [A] to [B] with [C] in [D] for9. [A] in [B] for [C] by [D] through10. [A] about [B] of [C] from [D] withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions below. For each question, choose the best option and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)On July 5th, 2016, Pokémon Go, a location-based augmented reality game, was released. It quickly became a global phenomenon and took the world by storm.Pokémon Go combines virtual reality with physical reality by using the GPS and camera functions of players' smartphones. The objective of the game is to capture virtual creatures called Pokémon, which appear on the screen as if they were in the real world. Players can then train and battle their Pokémon, as well as visit real-world landmarks designated asPokéStops and Gyms.The game's innovative concept and the use of real-world locations made it extremely popular. People were seen wandering around neighborhoods, parks, and even museums, glued to their smartphones as they searched for Pokémon. The game attracted people of all ages, from children to adults, and brought them together in shared gaming experiences.Pokémon Go also had positive impacts on physical and mental health. Players were encouraged to walk more as they had to physically move to find Pokémon. Many reported increased physical activity and weight loss as a result. The social aspect of the game also provided a sense of community, with players coming together in public spaces and interacting with one another.However, as with any popular trend, concerns began to arise. Numerous accidents and injuries were reported as players became too engrossed in the game and ignored their surroundings. This led to warnings from authorities to remain vigilant while playing.Moreover, Pokémon Go became the subject of controversy regarding the invasion of privacy and the trespassing of private property. Some homeowners found players wandering onto their lawns or loitering outside their houses in search of Pokémon. In response, some countries introduced regulations to address these concerns.Despite the challenges, Pokémon Go continues to have a significant impact on modern society. It has revolutionized gaming and augmented reality, paving the way for future developments in this field. More importantly, it has shown the potential of technology to bring people together and engage them in unique and interactive experiences.11. What does the text say about Pokémon Go?A. It is a game that combines VR with PR.B. It attracted people of all ages and became popular worldwide.C. It encourages physical activity and mental health.D. It allows players to visit virtual landmarks and battle each other.12. What is mentioned as a concern caused by Pokémon Go?A. An increase in physical activity.B. Accidents resulting from players' inattention.C. The violation of privacy rights.D. The emergence of regulations in certain countries.13. What is the significance of Pokémon Go according to the text?A. It has improved people's health and well-being.B. It has set new trends in the gaming industry.C. It has raised awareness about augmented reality.D. It has demonstrated the potential of technology to connect people.14. The word "engrossed" in the text is closest in meaning toA. distracted.B. fascinated.C. disappointed.D. frightened.15. What can be inferred about Pokémon Go from the text?A. It is a GPS-based game that uses the camera function of smartphones.B. It was released on July 5th, 2016, and gained immediate popularity.C. It primarily appealed to a younger audience.D. It led to an increase in trespassing and property damage.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 2Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions below. For each question, choose the best option and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)London Fashion Week, one of the most important events in the fashion industry, is changing. This year, Fashion Week was open to the public for the first time in its history, embracing a new era of inclusivity.In the past, London Fashion Week was an exclusive event attended only by industry professionals, celebrities, and fortunate invitees. However, with the rise of digital media and the increasing demand for transparency and accessibility, the organizers decided to make a change.This year's Fashion Week featured a series of public events and installations, allowing fashion enthusiasts and the general public to experience the glamour and creativity firsthand. In addition, many shows were live-streamed online, reaching a global audience and giving everyone the opportunity to participate.The decision to open up the event was driven by the desire to create a more democratic and inclusive fashion industry. Previously, fashion shows were seen as exclusive and unattainable for the average person. By involvingthe public, Fashion Week aimed to break down barriers and give everyone a chance to be part of the fashion world.The move also reflects the changing nature of the fashion industry itself. With the rise of social media, influencers, and street style, fashion is no longer solely dictated by high-end designers. Nowadays, trends can emerge from the streets and be spread around the world within minutes, thanks to platforms like Instagram and Twitter.London Fashion Week's decision to open its doors to the public not only aligns with the industry's evolving landscape but also provides opportunities for designers to connect directly with their target audience. It allows them to receive real-time feedback and engage in dialogue with consumers, creating a more interactive and customer-centric fashion experience.The move toward inclusivity has been well-received, with many praising London Fashion Week for its progressive approach. It sets an example for other fashion events around the world, encouraging them to rethink their exclusivity and embrace a more open and inclusive mindset.16. What is unique about this year's London Fashion Week?A. It included live-streamed shows for a global audience.B. It attracted more industry professionals and celebrities than before.C. It featured high-end designers and exclusive installations.D. It showcased emerging fashion trends from around the world.17. Why did the organizers decide to open up Fashion Week to the public?A. To increase revenue from ticket sales and online streaming.B. To make it more accessible and transparent.C. To create an exclusive event for fashion enthusiasts.D. To attract high-end designers and influence industry trends.18. According to the text, how has social media affected the fashion industry?A. It has made high-end designers more influential than ever.B. It has increased the exclusivity of fashion shows.C. It has allowed street style trends to gain global exposure.D. It has decreased the interaction between designers and consumers.19. What benefit does the text mention for designers participating in an inclusive Fashion Week?A. The opportunity to receive real-time feedback from consumers.B. The chance to establish exclusive connections with industry professionals.C. The ability to dictate trends from high-end fashion brands.D. The freedom to maintain an air of mystery and exclusivity.20. What does the text imply about the wider impact of London Fashion Week's change?A. It could lead to other fashion events becoming more exclusive.B. It may influence future trends in the fashion industry.C. It could increase the cost of attending fashion shows.D. It may discourage industry professionals from participating.。

(名校精编)2020考研大纲-英语一

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)

2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

【精编】2020考研大纲-英语一

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

2020考研英语一阅读text1

文本内容：As we all know, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, has spread globally since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The impact of the virus has been widespread, leading to social, economic, and health-related disruptions across the world. In the midst of this global crisis, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from the virus.1. The Origins and Spread of COVID-19The COVID-19 virus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, is believed to have originated in bats and may have been transmitted to humans through another animal host at a seafood market in Wuhan. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to other countries, leading to widespread outbreaks and a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020.2. The Impact on Public HealthThe rapid spread of COVID-19 has placed immense str本人n on healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitals and medical facilities have faced challenges in providing adequate care for thoseinfected with the virus, leading to shortages of medical supplies, intensive care unit beds, and healthcare workers. Additionally, the virus has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals with underlying health conditions.3. Economic DisruptionsThe global economy has suffered significant disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures have led to the closure of businesses, a rise in unemployment, and a decline in consumer spending. Governments have implemented various economic relief measures to support businesses and individuals impacted by the pandemic.4. Social and Behavioral ChangesThe pandemic has also brought about significant changes in societal behavior and norms. Practices such as wearing masks,m本人nt本人ning physical distance, and frequent handwashing have bemonplace to mitigate the spread of the virus. Additionally, many individuals have adapted to remote work and virtual forms of social interaction toply with public health guidelines.5. The Role of Science and ResearchEfforts tobat COVID-19 have been driven by scientific research and collaboration. The development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic tests has been a priority for the global scientificmunity. Furthermore, researchers have worked to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus and its impact on human health, contributing to the development of public health strategies.6. The Importance of Education and AwarenessAmid the pandemic, educating the public about the virus and its prevention measures has been paramount. Public health authorities and organizations have disseminated information about COVID-19 through various channels, including websites, social media, and public service announcements. It is crucial for individuals to stay informed and adhere to public health guidelines to protect themselves and others.7. Looking Towards the FutureAs the world continues to grapple with the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to rem本人n vigilant and united in our efforts to ovee the pandemic. Vaccination camp本人gns, continued research, and international collaboration will be crucial in mitigating the impact of the virus and preventing future outbreaks. It is important for individuals to rem本人n informed, adaptable, and resilient in the face of this global crisis.结语In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on public health, the economy, and societal behavior. It is imperative for individuals to stay informed, follow public health guidelines, and support efforts tobat the virus. By working together and rem本人ning resilient, we can ovee the challenges posed by COVID-19 and pave the way for a healthier and more secure future.。

2020年考研英语(一)真题完整版(附答案及全题解析)

2020年考研英语（一）真题完整版（后附答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is “ 11 to cause cancer” but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18, but reduce their lifetime intake. However, its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern4 .[A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued [B] received [C] compelled [D] guaranteed6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] conclusive [D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] In general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows what will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s quiddities —helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture” award could_______[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as[A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-catching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it[A] endeavors to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present[A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C] a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical.[B] Objective.[C] Favorable.[D] Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A reportlast year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .[A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became thefirst state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_______[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women’s position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_______[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to______[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women’s need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon — in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system. other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_______[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_______[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_______[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO's current work_______[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._______________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._______________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43._______________________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.44._______________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45._______________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案：41. C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42. E. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G. Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A. Eye fixactions are brief45. D. Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century. (49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.【参考译文】46. 文艺复兴消除了教会教育与思维方式之间的差距，弥合了中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟，开创了新的以及尚未开发的知识领域。

考研英语一大纲原文

考研英语一大纲原文The English language test for the graduate entrance examination consists of two parts: listening and reading comprehension.The listening comprehension section is designed to evaluate the candidates' ability to understand spoken English and their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. The test consists of multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions, and the candidates are required to listen to various recordings, such as conversations, news reports, and academic lectures.The reading comprehension section is designed to assess the candidates' reading skills and their ability to comprehend and analyze English texts. The test consists of multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions, and the candidates are required to read various passages, such as essays, articles, and scientific papers.In addition to the listening and reading comprehension sections, the test also includes a vocabulary and grammar section. This section assesses the candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar rules. The test consists of multiple-choice questions and requires the candidates to choose the correct word or grammatical structure to complete a sentence or passage.The English language test for the graduate entrance examination is designed to evaluate the candidates' overall English language proficiency and their ability to use English in an academic context. It covers a wide range of topics, including science, technology, humanities, and social sciences. The test is expected to bechallenging, but with sufficient preparation, candidates can achieve a satisfactory score.To prepare for the test, candidates should practice listening to English recordings and reading English texts, and they should also work on improving their vocabulary and grammar skills. It is recommended to use a variety of study materials, such as textbooks, online resources, and practice tests, to ensure a comprehensive and effective preparation.Overall, the English language test for the graduate entrance examination is an important part of the entrance examination process and requires candidates to have a solid foundation in English language skills. With diligent preparation and practice, candidates can improve their performance and increase their chances of success in the examination.。

2020考研英语一大纲纲要原文.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) 考试大纲 ( 非英语专业 )(2020年版)I.考试性质英语 (一 )考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一 )语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、 2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等 ;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二 )语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的 3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义 ;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)

I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

2.写作考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

2020考研英语一大纲原文(统编)

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

2020考研英语一大纲原文

大洲名和大洋名
形容词
African Antarctic
Asian European North American South American Oceanian Arctic Atlantic
Pacific
Malaysian
Malaysian
Mexico
Mexican
Mexican
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealander
Norway Pakistan
Norwegian Pakistani
Norwegian Pakistani
Panama
Panamanian
Panamanian
Afghan
Afghan
Algerian Argentinian
Algerian Argentinian
Australian
Australian
Austrian
Austrian
Belgian Brazilian
Belgian Brazilian
Burmese Canadian
Burmese Canadian
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 (一 )考试大纲 (非英语专业 )(2020年版 )
I.考试性质
英语 (一 )考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国
统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的
标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，
Israeli Italian
Israeli Italian
Japanese
Japanese
Jordan

2020考研英语一大纲纲要大纲原文.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) 考试大纲 ( 非英语专业 )(2020年版) I.考试性质英语 ( 一 ) 考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：( 一 ) 语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容( 详见附录1、 2) 。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等 ; 掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等 ; 掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

( 二 ) 语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料( 生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%) ，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义 ;2)理解文中的具体信息 ;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系 ;7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)说课讲解

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(word完整版)2020考研英语一大纲原文

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)考试大纲（非英语专业)（2020年版）I。

考试性质英语（一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目,其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平,并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一）语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识.本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求,其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2。

词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容（详见附录1、2）。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外,考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识,如词源、词根、词缀等.英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订.此外,全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的.考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇,以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

（二）语言技能1。

阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1）理解主旨要义；2）理解文中的具体信息;3）理解文中的概念性含义;4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8）区分论点和依据。

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)
I.考试性质
英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一)语言知识
1.语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

2.词汇
考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二)语言技能
1.阅读
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：
1)理解主旨要义;
2)理解文中的具体信息;
3)理解文中的概念性含义;
4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;
6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;
7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;
8)区分论点和依据。

2.写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

写作时，考生应能：
1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当;
2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;
3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯;
4)根据写作目的和特定作者，恰当选用语域。

Ⅲ.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将46~52题的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

(二)考试内容
试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

第二部分阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

备选题型有：
1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7
段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2)在一篇长度为500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。

要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。

3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。

要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7
个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。

C节(5小题)*：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

第三部分写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

共30分。

A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

共10分。

B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。

提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。

共20分。

*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。

但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行，因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。

**指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语。

**硕士研究生入学考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解概念或复杂结构并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。