高考英语定语从句讲解(课件)

■只能用which而不能用that的情形 (1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只 能用 which。如： The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. (2) 关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如： The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. (3) 先行词为代词 that 或 that 所修饰时，只能用 which。如： I don’t take that which is too expensive.
注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若 在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关 系代词。
(1)The factory ______his where father worked has closed. (作状语) 比较：The factory which/that __________was built in 1978 has closed.(作主语) (2) I’ll never forget the days ______ we lived when together.(作状语) that 比较：I’ll never forget the days (______) we spent in Australia. (作及物动词spent的宾语) (3) The reason (_____) why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. (作状语，用关系副词) 比较：The reason (____ that ) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. (作gave的宾语，用关系代词)
■关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用 whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在 定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常 被省略。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形 (1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修 饰时，引导词只能用that。如： The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. (2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。 如： He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. (3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词 只能用that。如： Who is woman that you talked with just now?
This is the man _____helped me yesterday. who (作主语) who/whom/that The teacher (______________) you want to see is coming. (作see的宾语，可以省略) I met a boy whose ______father was a astronaut. (作定语) Here is the coat which/that _________will be made to you. (作主语） This is the factory (_________) which/that we visited last year. (作visited的宾语，可以省略) of which He has a book whose _____ cover (=the cover_______) is very beautiful. （作定语）
(4) the same as 与 the same that the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类 而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与 先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如： She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.
定语从句
the Attributive Clause
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定 1．定语从句： 语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它 所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定 语从句中担当一个成分。
■关系副词的一般用法 关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作 状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。 when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词； where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词； why的先行词只能是reason。 关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which” 代替，why可用for which代替。
三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用 which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句 位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句 后。 如： 1. As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我 所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声 音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy. (5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多 用who。如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. (6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。 There are students in our class who / whom you have met. (7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句 时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语 从句的引导词必定为who。如： The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.
1. 作宾语时可省略 关系词 的使用 上 2. 可用that
通常译成主句的并 列句
1. 不可省略 2. 不用that 3. 不可用who 代替
3. 可用who 代替whom
whom
非限制性定语从句 应注意以下几点：
一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。如： 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我 喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。 如： 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为 此我没有去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限 制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。)
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时， 只能用that。如： This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. (4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如： Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. (5) 当先行词在主句中作表语时，只能用that。如： This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. (6) 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能 用 that。如： Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?
在定语从句中，关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物， 一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得 注意： ■只能用that而不能用which的情形 (1) 当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单 词时，只能用that。如： There is nothing that will stop us making progress. (2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能 用that。如： This is the only problem that we can’t work out.
when (=on which) There are occasions _______________ one must yield. （屈服） Beijing is the place _______________ where (=in which) I was born. why (=for which) he Is this the reason _____________ refused our offer?
who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解 在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和 物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用， 一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形 (1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如： My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. (2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用 who (whom)。如： Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? (3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。 Those who want to go there come here please.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 形式上 非限制性定语从句
不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔 开
用逗号“ ，”与主句 隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语， 只是对先行词的补充 如删除，主句则失去意义或 说明，如删除，主句 意思表达不完整 仍能表达完整的意思。
译成先行词的定语： 译法上 “…的 ” Nhomakorabea