句子成分及句子结构
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OC:Object Complement(宾语补足语) OC: Complement(宾语补足语)
1. 主语+不及物动词(S+V) 主语+不及物动词(S+V) Birds fly. fly.
(S) (V)
Class begins. begins.
(S) (V)
大部分动词既可Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu用作 及物动词, 及物动词,又可以用作 不及物动词
He speaks English very well. He is playing under the tree. I come specially to see you. My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past. Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 4.主语 及物动词+间接宾语+ 主语+ S+V+INO+DO) (S+V+INO+DO)
①及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾 及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语, 语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。 语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。但 有些动词除了直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语, 有些动词除了直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语,这 个间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人或物 动作所及的人或物, 个间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人或物,也 可以说是间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的 或是为谁做 动作是对谁做的, 可以说是间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做 的,所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。 所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。 名词或宾格代词担当 We sent them a letter. He gave Tom a present. Mom told me the story yesterday.
4. 宾语(Object):是动作、行为的对象,和及 宾语(Object):是动作、行为的对象, ):是动作 物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词) now.(名词 名词) He often helps me.(代词) me.(代词 代词) He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式) air.(不定式 不定式) We enjoying living in China.(动名词) China.(动名词 动名词) He knew (that) he should study hard.(宾语从句) hard.(宾语从句 宾语从句)
2. 谓语(Predicate):说明主语“做什么”, 谓语(Predicate):说明主语“做什么” ):说明主语 是什么” 怎么样” 谓语必须用动词。 “是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须用动词。谓语 和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语之后。 和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语之后。 His parents are doctors.(系动词和表语) doctors.(系动词和表语 系动词和表语) We study hard.(不及物动词) hard.(不及物动词 不及物动词) We have finished reading the book. (助动词和 (助动词和 及物动词) 及物动词) He can speak English. (情态动词和及物动词) (情态动词和及物动词 情态动词和及物动词) I like English very much. (及物动词和宾语) (及物动词和宾语 及物动词和宾语)
1. 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。
2. 句子成分的表示法: 句子成分的表示法: S:Subject(主语) P:Predictive(表语) Subject(主语) Predictive(表语) V:Verb(动词) Verb(动词 动词) O:Object(宾语) Object(宾语)
She likes English. English.
(S) (V) ( O)
I know him very much. much.
(S) (V) (O) (程度状语) 程度状语)
有些不及物动词后面加上介词就 可把它们看成一个及物动词, 可把它们看成一个及物动词,后 面就可以加宾语了。 面就可以加宾语了。 You must listen to me. Look at the blackboard, please! His parents are going to look after his grandparents. Finally, I arrived in Beijing. It’s impolite to laugh at others.
They want to go. go.
(S) (V) ( O)
He stopped writing. writing.
(S) (V) ( O)
系动词分类: 1. 表示状态的有:be, seem , look, sound, feel, taste, smell, keep, remain等。 All the streets seem so busy. You look tired today. You sound depressed/sad. Do you feel cold? The cake tastes delicious. Keep quiet! Peter became a teacher, but John remained a fisherman.
3. 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) He became a scientist. scientist.
(S)
(S)
(V)
(V)
(P)
(P)
He turned scientist. scientist. They are honest. honest.
(S) (V) (P)
句子的成分
):组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分 一、定义(definition):组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。 定义(definition):组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。 成分(contents) 二、成分(contents)
1. 主语(Subject):是谓语讲述的对象,表示所 主语(Subject):是谓语讲述的对象, ):是谓语讲述的对象 说的“是什么” 是谁” 通常位于句首。 说的“是什么”或“是谁”。通常位于句首。 We study in NO. 1 Middle School.(代词) School.(代词) The classroom is very clean.(名词) clean.(名词 名词) Three were absent.(数词) absent.(数词 数词) To teach them English is my job.(不定式)=It is job.(不定式 不定式)=It my job to teach them English. Seeing is believing. (动名词) (动名词 动名词)
He runs in the park. park.
(S) (V) (地点状语) (地点状语 地点状语)
只能当不及物动词的词: 只能当不及物动词的词:
在英语词典中, 在英语词典中,不及物动 词用Vi来表示 来表示。 词用Vi来表示。
sleep睡觉 sleep睡觉 walk步行 walk步行 swim游泳 swim游泳 happen (take place)发生 place)发生 go去 go去
5. 定语(Attributive):用来修饰名词或代词的成分,位置很灵 定语( ttributive):用来修饰名词或代词的成分, ):用来修饰名词或代词的成分 凡是有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。 活,凡是有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。 mine.(形容词 形容词) The black bike is mine.(形容词) name?(形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词) What is your name?(形容词性物主代词) They made paper flower.(名词) flower.(名词) The boys in the room are in class three grade one.(介词短语) one.(介词短语) I have something to do.(不定式) do.(不定式 不定式) Peter has three sisters.(数词) sisters.(数词 数词) We are writing a composition called “I love Beijing”. (过去分 词短语) 词短语) The man wearing a red hat is my uncle.(现在分词短语) uncle.(现在分词短语 现在分词短语) class.(定语从句 定语从句) There is a boy whose name is Outman in our class.(定语从句)
6. 状语(Adverbial );用来修饰动词、形容词或 状语( );用来修饰动词 用来修饰动词、 副词,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 副词,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 方式、程度、原因、条件、结果等,一般放在句 方式、程度、原因、条件、结果等, 但有时也可以放在句首或句中。 末,但有时也可以放在句首或句中。 He did it carefully. (副词) carefully. (副词 副词) Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. help, (介词短语) 介词短语) (In order ) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.(不定式) hard.(不定式) If you eat bad food, you may be ill.(状语从句) ill.(状语从句 状语从句)
His face goes red. red.
(S) (S) (V) (V) (P) (P)
It grew dark. dark.
2. 表示状态变化的有:become, get, go, 表示状态变化的有: grow, turn, fall等。 等 He has fallen ill. After March, it is getting warmer and warmer. The leaves turn/become yellow in autumn.
3. 表语(Predictive):说明主语“是什么”或者 表语(Predictive):说明主语“是什么” ):说明主语 怎么样” 位于系动词之后。 “怎么样”,位于系动词之后。 You look younger than before.(形容词) before.(形容词 形容词) I am a teacher. (名词) teacher. (名词 名词) Everybody is here. (副词) here. (副词 副词) They are at home now. (介词短语) (介词短语 介词短语) My job is to teach them English. (不定式) English. (不定式 不定式)
come来 come来 work工作 work工作 laugh笑 laugh笑 stay待在 stay待在 arrive到达 arrive到达
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O) 2.主语 及物动词+宾语(S+V+O) 主语+ My father read the book. book.
(S) (V) ( O)