研究生学术英语课后习题答案
研究生学术英语课后习题答案
Unit 1英译汉：15Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline sho uld consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。
研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)
Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。
研究生英语第二册课后练习答案
研究生英语第二册课后练习答案Unit 1 Coping with the ComplimentIII. VocabularyA.1. came up with 6. put your mind2. The chances are 7. appalled3. fell flat 8. verdict4. bestowed upon 9. poise5. downright 10. blurted outB1. inarticulate 6. enhance2. insults 7. invite3. inept 8. sickly4. glowingly 9. adroit5. execrable 10. charmingC.1. A 6. C2. C 7. D3. C 8. A4. B 9. C5. A 10 AIV. Cloze1. hesitant2. playing3. contributes4. or5. confidence6. external7. lurking8. whose9. because 10. withhold11. Given 12. for 13. perspective 14. drawback 15. competition16. achieved 17. equal 18. based 19. enters 20. enhancingV. TranslationA．我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。
你对他们中的一个人赞叹说，“我从来没见过这么漂亮的房子”，他马上答道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。
”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。
要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。
有一点很清楚：在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定。
伊利莎·法勒写过一本美国最早的有关礼仪方面的书。
她在书中讲述了一个故事，阐明保持镇定的重要性。
研究生学术英语答案Unit 7
Word Bank cataclysmic a. 大变动的 fragile a. 脆弱的
paradox n.
Kyoto Accord fossil n.
自相矛盾的话
《京都议定书》 化石
sensation 采用耸人听闻手 alist n. 法的人
chunk a. 大块的
Section A
Task 1
Section A
Part 2 Watching & Listening
Professor Hall: I don’t know. May in a hundred years, maybe in a thousand. But what I do know is that if we do not act soon, it is our children and our 6) ___________ grandchildren who will have to pay the price. Vice President: And who’s going to pay the price of the Kyoto Accord? It will cost the world’s economy hundreds of billions of dollars. Professor Hall: 7) With all due respect , Mr. Vice President, the ________________ cost of doing nothing could be even higher. Our climate is fragile. 8) _________ At the rate we’re burning fossil fuels and polluting the environment, the ice caps will soon disappear.
研究生学术英语答案Unit 5
A) I’ll have to write that one down.
B) I’ll not going to remember that one.
C) Can you write that one down for me?
√D) I’ll have to get you to write that one down.
1. Number of hours passengers spent on the Titanic ( B ) (A) 1,522
2. Length of the actual Titanic (feet)
( G ) (B) 120
3. Amount of money it cost to build the Titanic in 1912 ($) (C) 94
o_v_e_r_. Rose: No! Stay where you are! I mean it! 3) _I’_ll_le_t_g_o_ ! Jack: No you won’t! Rose: What do you mean “No I won’t”? Don’t 4) p_r_e_s_u_m_e__to_ tell
survived
(E)
9. Cost of a one-way first-class ticket for Titanic in ( I ) 7.5 million
1912($)
( D)
10. Cost of a one-way third-class ticket in 1912 ($) ( H ) (J) 3,560
Unit 5 Titanic
Introduction to Romance Films (1) Section A Focused Activities Section B Extended Activities
研究生学术英语写作答案2
Part 2 unit 1P.109Exercise AText A is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text B jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with.Exercise B1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.2.That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing a nd access to basic amenities.3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.6.The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.Exercise C1—2句：描述情况 3—4句：甄别问题 5—6句：描述解决方法7句：评估解决方法Exercise D1. brought on --- caused2. looking into --- investigating3. figure out --- determine4. come up with --- develop5. make up--- constitute6. get rid of --- eliminate7. gone up to --- reached 8. keep up --- maintain9. gone down --- decreased 10. looks over --- reviewsExercise E1. created / developed2. encountered / faced3. raised / introduced4. appeared / emerged5. examined / investigatedExercise F1. an integral part of2. nearly3. considerable4. obtained5. increasing6. intensified7. have insufficient8. rarely9. enlarged to facilitate loading and unloadingExercise G1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.2. Coffee prices have fallen for many r easons.3. The difference between these two approaches to designing under- ground subway station can clearly be seen.4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individual.6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material.7. These special tax laws have been enacted in Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and other states.8. There is little research on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete.Exercise I1. sentence 2: For examplesentence 4: While / Althoughsentence 6: therefore / hence / thus2. sentence 2: however / thussentence 3: while / whereassentence 4: Although / Even thoughsentence 6: For exampleExercise K1. view2. finding3. problem4. process5. disruption6. situation7. method / approach8. conclusion9. phenomenon10. trend / tendencyUnit 2P.129Exercises A1. 1) Meetings of tourism and its importancea. Size of meetingsb. Locations of meetings2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewala. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S.b. Growth in international conferencesc. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism inEurope2. This question usually generates some debate, but here is one possibility. Statement a could be a new sentence 7, while the point in Statement b could be incorporated into sentence 8 after the citation. Sentence 8 could then be split. The latter part of the sentence, after making, could be rewritten as a new sentence 9.3. Presumably there are other definitions for meetings tourism, and this is the one that the authors have chosen to use.1. 正式的句子定义1.1正式的句子定义要素1.2 删除你可以减少限制性关系代词若….(1) 定语从句仅有关系代词、be动词、一个或多个介词短语(2) 定语从句由被动态动词加上一些额外的信息(3) 定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容词和额外的信息1.3 词或词形变换你可以减少关系代词若….(1) 定语从句含有动词have。
研究生英语教材课后习题解答（上册）
研究⽣英语教材课后习题解答（上册）Unit 1Text AExercises1. Reading comprehensionA. Read the text and answer the following questions.1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point.Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them.2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author?According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself.3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor?Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people.4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not?Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace.5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government control?Self-rule.6. What are some of the main areas of cyberspace that the author defines? What other areas do you know that have recently emerged in cyberspace (e.g. e-business)?E-mail conversations, information and entertainment services, and cyberspace communities.7. How do cyberspace communities evolve? Give examples to illustrate your point.People of similar interests and tastes form a community. For example, communities on CompuServe tend to be professional; those on America Online are affluent young singles, and so on.8. What is unique about cyberspace rules? What authority do they have that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have?It allows communities of any size and kind to flourish. Cyberspace rules have moral authority that terrestrial governments don’t have.9. In what spirit are new communities formed?Communities cater to their own members’ inclination..10. What kind of government do explorers in cyberspace need?Their own local government besides terrestrial government does explorers.11. What should be done to deal with questionable items in cyberspace? Are people already doing that?We should be banning them and using labels and automatic filters to get rid of them. Yes.12. Is cyberspace a perfect place? If not, why are people so excited about it?No, it is not. People are excited about it because it offers a lot of information and freedom.B. Global understanding and appreciation of the text.1. Analogy (⽐喻，类推) is a figure of speech (修辞⼿段) which draws a parallel between two different types of things, anduses on (usually familiar to the reader) to explain reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.Can you draw a parallel between real estate and cyberspace? What point does the analogysupport?2. By dividing cyberspace into three parts and using similes(明喻), the author defines the nature of cyberspace and illustrates further her point that government regulation is not needed in cyberspace. Complete the following form to show that you understand the author’s point. Please be reminded3. In what way do the rules of a terrestrial government and those of a cyberspace community differ?Cite examples from the text to support your answer.This article is written in an informal and conversational style. For example, the author uses some slangy words, incomplete sentences, contractions, and addresses the reader as ―you‖.II. V ocabularyA. Find a word or phrase from the paragraph indicated in the bracket that means the same as:1. in the past —→formerly2. include —→embrace3. man-made —→artificial4. control systematically —→regulate5. exactly —→precisely6. undesired —→unwanted7. irrelevant —→extraneous8. having intense feeling —→passionate9. aim toward —→be targeted to10. not far away —→at hand11. be charged for —→be sued forB. Choose the best word to complete each of the following sentences,1. this book ____a___ all the information you need.a. containsb. embracesc. offersd. involves2. The government _____c____ the number of foreign cars that could be imported.a. refrainsb. restrainsc. restrictsd. prevents3. As a teacher you should not show _____b___ towards any of your students.a. pleasureb. favorc. preferenced. inclination4. Traffic is _____d___ by police at every intersection.a. enforcedb. imposedc. limitedd. regulated5. How much do you ____b___ for this pair of shoes?a. billb. chargec. costd. afford6. We can ______b____ now and return to work in the morning.a. leave outb. leave offc. sign awayd. sign off7. That matter can be left ___b___ until our next meeting.a. onb. overc. aloned. about8. I learned that he was _____a____ sick leave from a government office.a. onb. inc. takend. spending9. It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes ____c_____.a. tob. inc. ond. down10. Each week he tried to set _____d____ a few dollars of his salary.a. forthb. aboutc. apartd. asideIII. ClozeChoose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the formThe web From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-known writers across the global. There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in. There is (1)even a piece from the Secretary General of the United States, Kofi Annan. It may come (2)as some surprise to find out (3)that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window (4)won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 childnet Inter-national and Cable and Wireless awards. These are given (5)annually for the best use of the Internet (6)by and for young people. And (7)they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the (8)virtual world. Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps this is (9)because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children (10)simply accept it as natural. Whatever the reason, children can be found building websites and E-mailing friends (11)across the world while adults are (12)still asking: ―Tell me again —where (13)exactly is cyberspace?‖Of course there is growing (14)concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace. In (15)response , many parents have installed soft-ware packages which prevent (16)access to violent or pornographic websites. Childnet is taking a morepositive line. The website is a gateway (17)to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has (18)led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided (19)between the―information rich‖ and ―information poor‖. For Childnet it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their (20)palce as equal citizens in the virtual world.IV. TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese:The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed —intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in: others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that can’t survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off-will simply wither away.⼀种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
东南大学研一学术英语教程答案
Unit 1Keys for 1.3.1, 1.3.2Developing an Academic Voice:Most inexperienced writers use only the voices within their experience. When there is narrow experience, there may be the use of inappropriate voice. Writers may resort to their casual voice, which is inappropriate for academic writing. Developing an appropriate voice in academic writing establishes authority and respect for the writer. An academic voice can be developed through understanding categories of voice, recognizing your writing voice, and learning voice changing strategies.Categories of Voice:-Formal voice is an informative voice used in analysis and critique.-Consultative voice is reserved for opinion, reaction, position, and persuasion papers. -Casual voice allows you to share personal knowledge and experience. This style is not appropriate for an academic paper unless expressly allowed by your professor (as in a personal narrative).Strategies for Changing your Voice:- Eliminate casual fillersEliminate words that are associated with casual style and are generally found in conversation. You can ensure you are using an academic voice by avoiding colloquial speech patterns in your writing.Example: “You know,” “well,” “now”- PersonCheck for the appropriate person for each style of paper. First and second person pronouns are sometimes applicable to the consultative voice, but not the formal. Be sure you are consistent with your usage throughout the paper.- Wordiness and Word ChoiceExpress ideas clearly and concisely by removing extraneous words that only provide confusion. Also, remove ambiguous words such as “very” or “great” and select words that provide specific definition.Keys for 2.1.1Key for 2.2A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses and can also indicate the relationship between the elements it connects. In only one single sentence we often find that it contains one or more ideas which may be equal or unequal in importance. When the ideas are equal, they are called coordinate ideas. These sentences may be joined into a compound sentence that shows the relationship between the two ideas. When this is done in such a way that the equality of the ideas is maintained, we call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.Keys for 3.11.Science magazine2.advertisement3.Hemingway’s short story: cat in the rain4. a research paper5. a newspaperKeys for 3.2Key for 3.3There appear to be two principal reasons for the growing traffic congestion. Firstly, public transportation has become increasingly expensive in relation to the falling cost of driving. In addition, car ownership is more convenient than using public transportation, together these factors result in higher vehicle density.。
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter4
Unit 41.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1. Fill in the following table with relevant details from the passage1.3.2. Understand more about Method Section of this research. What do you know about the questionnaire used in the survey?thencomplete the following table:2.2.1 The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequential wordsand rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.2.2.2 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections from different research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects,2. material,3. procedure,4.overview,5. statistical treatment,6. procedureand material, 7. sampling, 8. research location3.1 Completing sentencesComplete the following paragraph by translating Chinese into English.1) The questionnaire was administered2) completed the questionnaire3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 24) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old5) the years of working experience was six on the average3.2: 1c, 2 e, 3 d, 4 f , 5g, 6 b, 7 I, 8 a , 9h3.3 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll language backgroundsrepresented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what you intend them to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect only 1 year.(Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.4 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine student’s preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for males and the other for females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one with artificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from each cup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.。
研究生学术英语答案Unit 6
Sleepless in Seattle Independence Day _______________
Section A
Part 2 Watching & Listening
Following is the script ofMay 1st, 1931, President Herbert Hoover pressed a button in Washington, D.C. On went the lights of, at that time, the world’s tallest building. The Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan was open for business. The Empire State Building is just over 443 meters tall. That includes the 62-meter-tall lightening rod on top. There are 103 floors. And if you want to reach them all on foot, just know there are more than 1,860 stairs. Runners compete in a yearly race to the top. If even the thought of that makes you tired, then you might want to ride an elevator instead. The building has 73 of them. The Empire
Seattle. He wants to move to a new city where he won’t ____________________________________________ think of his wife all the time. _______________________
研究生学术英语答案Unit 1
___ F 1. The old woman came to the castle to send roses to the prince. T 2. The woman transformed the prince into a beast when ___ he turned her away. ___ F 3. With a powerful spell, the castle and all who lived there became beasts.
C) When the prince lost all of his hopes. D) When the prince met a young woman.
5. What does the rose symbolize?
A) Inner beauty. C) Life clock. √ B) Blood passion. D) True love.
Section A
Task 2
Part 2 Watching & Listening
Watch the clip again, focusing on the specific information and then decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.
Unit 1 Beauty and the Beast
Introduction to Cartoon Films (1) Section A Focused Activities Section B Extended Activities
Introduction to Cartoon Films (1)
高原研究生学术英语读写教程课后题答案
高原研究生学术英语读写教程课后题答案1、Tom is ____ honest man, so we all like to work with him. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. /D. any2、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *A. is used toB. used toC. is used for(正确答案)D. used for3、The old woman doesn’t feel _______ though she lives _______. [单选题] *A. alone; lonelyB. alone; aloneC. lonely; lonelyD. lonely; alone(正确答案)4、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found5、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)6、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up7、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)8、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days9、10．Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A．don’t need to(正确答案)B．need toC．don’t needD．need10、--Which is Tom?--He is _______ of the two boys. [单选题] *A. tallB. tallerC. the taller(正确答案)D. the tallest11、The yellow bag _______ me. [单选题] *A. belong toB. belongs to(正确答案)C. belongD. belongs12、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back13、64．Would you like to drink ________？[单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．anything elseC．else somethingD．else anything14、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)15、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until16、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and17、25．—I ______ Beijing for a holiday.—________. [单选题] *A．will go；GoodbyeB．will go；Have a good time(正确答案)C．will go to；Have a good timeD．am going to；Have a fun18、He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. [单选题] *A. anyB. someC. few(正确答案)D. many19、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off20、_____ of the teachers in this district are women teachers. [单选题] *A. Four fifthB. Four fifths(正确答案)C. Fourth fifthsD. Four five21、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)22、I paint a lot of pictures. [单选题] *A. 评论B. 注意C. 悬挂D. 画(正确答案)23、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as24、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)25、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair26、—Can you play tennis? —______, but I’m good at football.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I can(正确答案)B. Yes, I doC. No, I can’tD. No, I don’t27、Experts are making an investigation on the spot. They want to find a way to（）the tower. [单选题] *A. Restore(正确答案)B. resumeC. recoverD. reunite28、_______ a busy afternoon! [单选题] *A. HowB. What(正确答案)C. WhichD. Wish29、99．—Would you please show me the way _________ the bank?—Yes, go straight ahead. It’s opposite a school. [单选题] *A．inB．forC．withD．to(正确答案)30、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)。
[生活]研究生英语课后练习参考答案2.docx
![[生活]研究生英语课后练习参考答案2.docx](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/df4870991711cc7930b7163b.png)
Vocabulary:A.1.triggered2.economically3.minimummitment5.relieved6.shrinking7.enrollments8.scarcely9.sequence10.strideB.1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.C9. CTRANSLATION:1.The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the emptyclassroom in the absence of his solitary student.2.The present educational system has been under attack from the public, whohave begun to realize the harm the system has done to students・3.The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every timebecause attendance at this course was compulsory.4.Fd love to go to your housewarming party, but Fm sorry I can't make itbecause Fve got a stack of things to do.5.Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at nightschool or through television and correspondence courses.6.She didn't like the famous writer's lecture, but she stuck it out to get thewriter^ autograph after the lecture・7.I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventuallyI grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior& We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students9 naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.9.I don't agree with those critics9 opinions・ Your conclusions are far fromworthless; instead, they make a good deal of sense to me.10.For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about theobjective and content of the course and the requirements to pass it.Unit 3A1.primeponents3.derived4.biodiversity5.monoculture6.uncounted7.multiplied& captivity9.legislation10.conservator!B1. A2. C3. D4. B5. D6. A7. C8. B9. B10.DTRANSLATION1.The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as greatas the dangers presented by climate change・2.We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern foranimals in captivity and asking what they can do to help.3.The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because ofchanges in the earth's atmosphere and temperature・4.The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews ata cost of nearly half a million dollars.5.Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washedaway by the rain water.6.Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy,nutrients, organic matter and water7.In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warmingcould kill off polar bears within the next 20 years.& Plowed fields don't have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy rains or floods・9.The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days,but there were still a good variety of birds around.10.While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%-40% of theactive ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.Unit 4Vocabulary:A.1 ・ institutional2.burgeoning3.envision4.marginal5.encompass6.outsource7.prowess& shunned9.assimilating10.forgoB.l.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.C9.C10.ATRANSLATION1.Having practiced for about 5 years, he is now adept at legal issues relating tointernational investment and trade.2.According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on SocialSecurity when they retire・ They began saving for retirement earlycompared with their predecessors・3.All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxingand comfortable treatment of foot massage.4.Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized orbeing complemented for a job well done.5.Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment ofrelatively routine medical problems because they didn't have aregular doct o 匚6.Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transitionto a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.7.Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing a project you willend up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.& Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life andwork.9.The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined andprofessional manner when in the presence of dange匚10.Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement for more timewith their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children's lives・UNIT 5A1.reproduction2.parenting3.setbackpensate5.subsidy6.longevity7.offset8.avail9.norms10.constraints1. A2. D3. B4. C5. A6. A7. B8. D9. C10.CTRANSLATION1.It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle downonly after they are established in their jobs.2.Her husband is a very domestic person, spending a lot of time everyday incooking, cleaning and caring for their three school-agechildren.3.Today's young people have completely different values and expectationsfrom their parents, giving higher priority to personal pleasure over familyobligations・4.F TORI society's viewpoint, it does not make sense for women, much less welleducated women, to be full-time homemakers for a lifetime.5.Singles in their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate aprospective partner's character and habits before marriage・ But premarital cohabitation has proven to be associated with a higher divorce rate.6.In the interest of child welfare, government should institute policies toprovide part-time, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paidparental leave for parents.7.With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couplesshould make allowances for each other, when there is friction between them.8.Given the high divorce rate, married mothers leave the labor market for anextended period of time at their own peril一they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in divorce.9.The bond between child and parent is a very special one・ Money can notmake up for the sacrifices parents have made for their children.10.Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women historically with unprecedented opportunities for personal fulfillment in their careers・Unit 8A1.perpetuation2.impoverished3.conjured4.preconceptions5.substitute6.chary7.toppled8.economize9.blurry10.prejudgeB1. D2. A3. B4. C5. A6. D7. C9. B10.CTRANSLATION1. A lazy person is apt to get his mind impoverished because he doesn't makeuse of his intelligence all the time.2.This photo conjures up memories of my carefree school days・3.He realizes now he's been typecast as an executive errand boy.4.The goal of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furnituredesign.5.Stereotypes economize on our mental effort by covering up the blooming,buzzing confusion with big recognizable cutouts.6.The true process of change is a slow one that adds bits and pieces of realityto the pictures in our heads, until gradually they take on some of theblurriness of life itself.7.The famous actress said to the reporter that she was perfectly happy untilfame was thrust upon hei;8.One of his intimate friends warns him that he is in danger of losing all hismoney if he continues to buy useless items.9.Having delved deeply into all aspects of the project, they find that there isevery prospect of success・专业好文档精心整理欢迎下载。
研究生学术英语(社科)-Unit-2含答案
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 2
Economics
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Unit 2
Economics
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Specialized vocabulary
l elasticity
_（_需_求__等_的_）__弹_性_
l comparative advantage __比_较__优_势_____
→ Yet, although the models are not exactly the same as real bodies – actually just because they are not that realistic – they are useful to help people learn how the human body works.
Economics and economists are the same, e.g. supply, demand, elasticity, consumer surplus.
2 Science and scientists use scientific method, e.g. observation, devise theories, collect data, analyze, test, shown with the example of Isaac Newton.
研究生学术英语读写下册课后题答案
研究生学术英语读写下册课后题答案Unit1Task11.The show will tour the provinces(范围) after it closes in London.这场表演在伦敦表演结束后将在各个省巡演。
2.Nancy woke（醒来）to the sound of birds outside her window.南希醒来时听到窗外鸟儿的声音。
3.The stigma of being a bankrupt is likely to haunt（长期困扰）him for the rest of his life.作为破产者的耻辱可能会在他的余生中困扰他4.We’ve never had much trouble（使烦恼）with vandals （故意破坏公共财物者）around here.5.Unpainted wooden furniture weather（风化）to a gray color.未涂漆的木制家具天气（风化）为灰色。
6.There have been demonstrations in the streets in the wake （尾随）of the recent bomb attack.7. The term “cardboard city” was coined（创造）to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.8. The trouble（引起麻烦的事）is that these restrictions have remained while other things have changed.麻烦（引起麻烦的事）是这些限制仍然存在而其他事情已经发生变化。
9. The company just managed to weather（平稳度过）the recession.该公司刚刚成功度过经济衰退期。
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1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.
1 有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人 （或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“破碎者”才 是真正的坏人。
5 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流 出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮 件和网站流量。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
2 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处 理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。
3 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能 是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些 必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图 为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网 络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
4 间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一，构成了三个令人生 厌的互联网害虫。尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从 而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他通 常是免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。
1 看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电 脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
2 当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点， 从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利 用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。 3 最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标 寄钱。但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通 过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站， 并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.
4 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击， 然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体 目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。