2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语(二)试题答题卡)

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答题卡报考单位考生姓名A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A AB B B B B E BB BB B B B B B E B B B B B B B B B E B B B B B B B B B E B B B B B B B B B E B B B BC C C C C F C C C C C C C C C F C C C C C C C C C F C C C C C C C C C F C C C C C C C C C F C C C CD D D D D G D D D DDD D DD GDD D DDD D DD GDD D DD D D D D GD D D DD D D D D G D D D D111213141616263631323334381828382122232427172737414243444919293951525354510203040Section ⅠSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionUse of English Part A Part B第1页（共4页）Section Ⅲ Translation 46.考生信息条形码粘贴位置试卷条形码粘贴位置请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效第2页（共4页）Section Ⅳ Writing Part ASection Ⅳ WritingPart B 47.48.请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域的答案无效第3页（共4页）第4页（共4页）考生姓名：____________________98。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】C how【解析】根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。

四个选项的意思中，只有C. how引导后面的内容做influence的宾语，前后意思合理。

2、【答案】B In particular【解析】空格的前一句话的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司投资更多的钱。

空格所在句的内容是：坐落在幸福人群所在地的公司在…方面投入更多的钱。

很显然，前后句子是总分关系。

选项中，只有B选项可以体现总分关系。

3、【答案】D necessary【解析】根据空格处前后的内容，_____ for making investments for the future是做后置定语修饰longer-term thinking和happiness。

幸福，这种持久的思维模式对于对未来进行投资_______，四个选项中只有D. necessary做后置定语符合前后内容。

其他选项与原文内容语义不符。

4、【答案】C optimism【解析】空格处的内容与inclination for risk-taking由and连接，构成并列关系，后面that come with happiness定语从句既修饰空格处的内容，也修饰inclination for risk-taking，所以选项中可以由that come with happiness修饰的只有C选项optimism。

5、【答案】D change【解析】空格处的内容和the way companies invested构成动宾搭配。

选项中A. echo 回声 B. miss 思念 C. spoil 溺爱 D. change 改变，所以只有D选项可以和the way companies invested构成通顺语义。

2015全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题答案及解析

让有理想的人更加卓越！2015年英语二翻译及作文试题+答案Part C TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip int o town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journ ey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。

2015年[全套]考研英语二真题和答案解析详解

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Thinner isn't always better。

A number of studies have __1___ that normal—weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___。

For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women。

___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define。

It is often defined ___6___ body mass index， or BMI。

BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题考试时长：180分钟总分：100分Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understandthat monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when theysift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,”meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward”and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up”(Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be sosurprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for thetext, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true”meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会I cloze1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.Dmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015年英语二真题答案

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)真题答案完形填空A.signalD.muchB.pluggedD.messageC.behindD.misinterpretedC.judgedD.unfamiliarA.anxiousD.turnA.dangerousA hurtB.conversationA.passengersC.predictB.rideA.went throughB.in factB.sinceC.simple2015年考研英语二阅读答案Text1答案21A offered greater relaxation than the workplace22C childless husbands23D they are both bread winners and housewives.24C earnings25A division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText2答案26C missed its original purpose27A the problem is solvable28C are in need of financial support29D are experienced in handling their issues at college30D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3答案31A more emotional32C sports culture33D strengthen employee loyalty34A voices for working women35D regular people mock it but accept itText4答案36B The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.37C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38B shows a general tendency of decline.39B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40A employment in the US英语二翻译回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题卷

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- ayearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A46. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)。

2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析

1 / 20202015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway. It’s It’s a a a sad sad sad reality reality reality ——our our desire desire desire to to to avoid avoid avoid interacting interacting interacting with with with other other other human human human beings beings beings ——because there’s there’s 2 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird weird”. We fear we’ll be ”. We fear we’ll be 7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive. disruptive. Strangers Strangers Strangers are are are inherently inherently 8 to to us, us, us, so so so we we we are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to feel feel 9 when communicating communicating with with with them them them compared compared compared with with with our our our friends friends friends and and and acquaintances. acquaintances. acquaintances. To To To avoid avoid avoid this this this anxiety, anxiety, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But But once once once we we we rip rip rip off off off the the the bandaid, bandaid, bandaid, tuck tuck tuck our our our smartphones smartphones smartphones in in in our our our pockets pockets pockets and and and look look look up, up, up, it it doesn’t doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder Schroeder asked asked asked commuters commuters commuters to to to do do do the the the unthinkable: unthinkable: unthinkable: Start Start Start a a 13 . They They had had had Chicago Chicago Chicago train train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the the same same same train train train station station station to to 15 how how they they they would would would feel feel feel after after after talking talking talking to to to a a a stranger, stranger, stranger, the the the commuters commuters thought thought their their 16 would would be be be more more more pleasant pleasant pleasant if if if they they they sat sat sat on on on their their their own,” own,” own,” the the the New New New Y ork Y ork Times Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported havi ng been embarrassed .”.”18 , these these commutes commutes commutes were were were reportedly reportedly reportedly more more more enjoyable enjoyable enjoyable compared compared compared with with with those those those without without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record 2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much 3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought 4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign 5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from 6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched 7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed 8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar 9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry 10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn 11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring 12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay 13. [A] lecture [B]conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation 14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers 15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design 16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride 17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up 18. [A] In turn [B]In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence 19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas 20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women t work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at even say they feel better ahold true for both those with true for both those with children and that findings hold home than at work.” Another surprise is without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the the blurring blurring blurring of of of roles, roles, roles, and and and the the the fact fact fact that that that the the the home home home front front front lags lags lags well well well behind behind behind the the the workplace workplace workplace in in in making making adjustments for worki ng women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards rewards for for for their their their labor; labor; labor; they they they need need need to to to be be be talked talked talked into into into it, it, it, or or or if if if they’re they’re they’re teenagers, teenagers, teenagers, threatened threatened threatened with with co complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. mplete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ______. [A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B] generated more stress than the workplace [C] was an ideal place for stress measurement [D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home? [A] Working mothers [B] Childless husbands [C] Childless wives [D] Working fathers 23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that ______. [A] they are both bread winners and housewives [B] their home is also a place for kicking back [C] there is often much housework left behind [D] it is difficult for them to leave their office 24. The word moola (Paragraph 4) most probably means ______. [A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition 25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ______. [A] home is hardly a cozier working environment [B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut [C] household tasks are generally more motivating [D] family labor is often adequately rewarded Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent parent with with with a a a college college college degree degree degree —— lag lag other other other students students students on on on a a a range range range of of of education education education achievement achievement achievement factors. factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades decades to to to recruit recruit recruit more more more of of of them. them. them. This This This has has has creat creat created ed ed “a “a “a paradox” paradox” paradox” in in in that that that recruiting recruiting recruiting first first first-generation -generation students, students, but but but then then then watching watching watching many many many of of of them them them fail, fail, fail, means means means that that that higher higher higher education education education has has has “continued “continued “continued to to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science . But But the article is the article is a ctually actually actually quite optimistic, as quite optimistic, as i t it it outlines a potential solution outlines a potential solution to to this problem, this problem, suggesting suggesting that that that an an an approach approach approach (which (which (which involves involves involves a a a one-hour, one-hour, one-hour, next-to-no-cost next-to-no-cost next-to-no-cost program) program) program) can can can close close close 63 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving involving 147 147 147 students students students (who (who (who completed completed completed the the the project) project) project) at at at an an an unnamed unnamed unnamed private private private university. university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree. Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact — was based on the the view view view that that that first-generation first-generation first-generation students students students may may may be be be most most most lacking lacking lacking not not not in in in potential potential potential but but but in in in practical practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-first-generation generation students “struggle to navigate the middle middle-class -class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the clas class s advantage and disadvantages disadvantages of of of different different different groups groups groups of of of students. students. students. Because Because Because US US US colleges colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities seldom seldom acknowledge acknowledge how how how social social social class class class can can can affect affect affect students’ students’ students’ educational educational educational experience, experience, experience, many many many first first first-generation -generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. 26. Recruiting more first-generation students has ______. [A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap [C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students 27. The author of the research article are optimistic because ______. [A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless [C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their findings appeal to students 28. The study suggests that most first-generation students ______. [A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families [C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their college 29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students ______. [A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap [B] can have a potential influence on other students [C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects [D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30. We may infer from the last paragraph that ______. [A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class [B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources [C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences [D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text 3 Even in in traditional traditional traditional offices, offices, offices, “the “the “the lingua lingua lingua franca franca franca of of of corporate corporate corporate America America America has has has gotten gotten gotten much much much more more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor professor Nancy Nancy Nancy Koehn. Koehn. Koehn. She She She started started started spinning spinning spinning off off off examples. examples. examples. “If “If “If you you you and and and I I I parachu parachu parachuted ted ted back back back to to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. passion. There There There were were were goals, goals, goals, there there there were were were strategies, strategies, strategies, there there there were were were objectives, objectives, objectives, but but but we we we didn’t didn’t didn’t talk talk talk about about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.” Koehn p o inted out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”ointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented -oriented —— and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this this together. together. together. There There There are are are lots lots lots and and and lots lots lots of of of CEOs CEOs CEOs in in in very very very different different different companies, companies, companies, but but but most most most think think think of of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.” These terms terms are are are also also also intended intended intended to to to infuse infuse infuse work work work with with with meaning meaning meaning —— and, and, as as as Khurana Khurana Khurana points points points out, out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khu rana. This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud loud debates debates debates over over over work-work-work-life life life balance. balance. balance. The The The “mommy “mommy “mommy wars” wars” wars” of of of the the the 1990s 1990s 1990s are are are still still still going going going on on on today, today, prompting prompting arguments arguments arguments about about about why why why women women women still still still can’t can’t can’t have have have it it it all all all and and and books books books like like like Sheryl Sheryl Sheryl Sandberg’s Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies companies depend depend depend on on on it, it, it, and and and regular regular regular people people people willingly willingly willingly absorb absorb absorb it. it. it. As As As Nunberg Nunberg Nunberg said, said, said, “Y ou “Y ou can can can get get people people to to to think think think it’s it’s it’s nonsense nonsense nonsense at at at the the the same same same time time time that that that you you you buy buy buy into into into it.” it.” it.” In In In a a a workplace workplace workplace that’s that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work — and how your work defines who you are. 31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become ______. [A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic 32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to ______. [A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executive 33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to ______. [A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image [C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty 34. It can be inferred that Lean In ______. [A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics [C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees 35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak? [A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept it Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level. Before Before explaining explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work work because because because this this this is is is all all all they they they can can can get. get. get. An An An increase increase increase in in in involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time work work work is is is evidence evidence evidence of of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet. There was was an an an increase increase increase in in in involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time in in in June, June, June, but but but the the the general general general direction direction direction has has has been been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from is year ago level. We know know the the the difference difference difference between between between voluntary voluntary voluntary and and and involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time employment employment employment because because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow allow people people people to to to get get get insurance insurance insurance outside outside outside of of of employment. employment. employment. For For For many many many people, people, people, especially especially especially those those those with with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected? [A] The prospect of a thriving job market. [B] The increase of voluntary part-time market. [C] The possibility of full employment. [D] The acceleration of job creation. 37. Many people work part-time because they ______. [A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs. [B] feel that is enough to make ends meet. [C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs. [D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market. 38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US ______. [A] is harder to acquire than one year ago. [B] shows a general tendency of decline. [C] satisfies the real need of the jobless. [D] is lower than before the recession. 39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ______. [A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance [B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance [C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members [D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance 40. The text mainly discusses ______. [A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification [C] insurance through Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troubl e Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANS WER SHEET. (10 (10 points)[A] You are not alone [B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path [D] Most of your fears are unreal [E] Think about the present moment [F] Experience helps you grow [G] There are many things to be grateful for Unfortunately, Unfortunately, life life life is is is not not not a a a bed bed bed of of of roses. roses. roses. We We We are are are going going going through through through life life life facing facing facing sad sad sad experiences. experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard Hard times times times may may may hold hold hold you you you down down down at at at what what what usually usually usually seems seems seems like like like the the the most most most inopportune inopportune inopportune time, time, time, but but but you you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and and respect respect respect for for for life. life. life. Furthermore, Furthermore, Furthermore, these these these losses losses losses make make make us us us mature mature mature and and and eventually eventually eventually move move move us us us toward toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way. 41. ___________________ Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating exaggerating fears. fears. fears. My My My favorite favorite favorite actor actor actor Will Will Will Smith Smith Smith once once once said, said, said, “Fear “Fear “Fear is is is not not not real. real. real. It It It is is is a a a product product product of of thoughts thoughts you you you create. create. create. Do Do Do not not not misunderstand misunderstand misunderstand me. me. me. Danger Danger Danger is is is very very very real. real. real. But But But fear fear fear is is is a a a choice.” choice.” choice.” I I I do do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination. 42. ___________________ If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present. 43. ___________________ Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something. 44. ___________________ No No matter matter matter how how how isolated isolated isolated you you you might might might feel feel feel and and and how how how serious serious serious the the the situation situation situation is, is, is, you you you should should should always always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. Y ou may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement. 45. ___________________ Today Today many many many people people people find find find it it it difficult difficult difficult to to to trust trust trust their their their own own own opinion opinion opinion and and and seek seek seek balance balance balance by by by gaining gaining objectivity objectivity from from from external external external sources. sources. sources. This This This way way way you you you devalue devalue devalue your your your opinion opinion opinion and and and show show show that that that you you you are are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices. 。

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案一、听力部分题目一[听力材料]1.What does the woman want to do?A. Visit a museum.B. Go shopping.C. Have a coffee.2.What is the man doing?A. Taking pictures.B. Writing a report.C. Doing some research.3.What did the man say he had just done?A. Made a phone call.B. Checked his email.C. Talked to his boss.[答案解析]1. A2. A3. B题目二[听力材料]1.What does the man suggest that they do?A. Watch a movie.B. Go to a concert.C. Have a party.2.How long will the concert last?A. About an hour.B. About two hours.C. About three hours.3.What does the woman say about the singer?A. She is very popular.B. She is not very good.C. She has a great voice. [答案解析]1. A2. B3. C二、阅读理解部分题目一[文章]Researchers have developed a new technique that could help treat cancer by using an electric field to guide cancer-fighting medication directly to tumors. The team used microscopic particles called nanovesicles (small enough to enter the bloodstream) to deliver chemotherapy drugs specifically to cancer cells. These nanovesicles were then activated with an electric field, causing them to pass through the blood vessels and into the tumors themselves.题目What is the new technique that researchers have developed?A. A way to guide electric fields to tumors.B. A technique to deliver chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells.C. A method to activate microscopic particles.[答案解析]B题目二[文章]The rising cost of housing in big cities is driving workers to move to smaller towns. For many, the decision to leave urban areas is not only about money, but also about improving their quality of life.题目Why are workers moving to smaller towns?A. Because of the rising cost of housing in big cities.B. Because they want to live in a quieter environment.C. Because they want to be closer to nature.[答案解析]A三、翻译部分题目一[中文]一旦这种新技术被用于生产，它将彻底改变这个行业。

考研英语二2011年到2020年十年真题及答案

考研英语（二）2011到2020年10年真题及答案解答2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products, _2_, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盗用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner’s _8_ for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, _11_, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. _18_ registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the mark’s use continues.1. A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs2. A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions3. A. for B. with C. by D. from4. A. sound B. partial C. due D. random5. A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives6. A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants7. A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal8. A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D. consensus9. A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite10. A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox11. A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute12. A. range B. length C. scale D. extent13. A. plus B. versus C. via D. until14. A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect15. A. or B. but C. so D. whereas16. A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel17. A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity18. A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon19. A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered20. A. long B. soon C. far D. wellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)Text 1Within a large concrete room, cut out of a mountain on a freezing-told island just 1,000 kilometers from the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault (地下库) designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the world’s crops. It is being built to safeguard the world’s food supply against nuclear war, climate change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst, this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.”says Cary Fowler, director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent international organization promoting the project.The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The $3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vault’s seed collection will represent the products of some 10,000 years of plant breeding by the world’s famers. Though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding.To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside thevault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18℃. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the world’s most secure gene bank,”says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason.”The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security, ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study said the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.21. The Norwegian vault is important in that _________________.A. the seeds in it represent the rarest varieties of world’s crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happenC. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold Arctic islandD. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature22. The seed bank project was proposed by __________.A. the Norwegian governmentB. Norwegian farmersC. Spitsbergen residentsD. agricultural scientists23. The seeds in the vault will be stored ____________________.A. as samples of world crop varietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases24. For the seed bank project to be successful, the most important factor is probably________.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing temperaturesD. storing large quantities of seeds25. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB. The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10,000 yearsC. The existing seed banks have potential problemsD. The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankText 2Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation’s farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system”in which plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements, where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By 1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation’s manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1,000 employees.26. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?A. New technological developments had little effect on farmers.B. The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.C. Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.D. Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.27. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”A. A change in the organization of factories.B. A growth in the complexity of factories.C. An increase in the size of factories.D. An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.28. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?A. Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.B. Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.C. The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.D. Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation’s economy.29. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it wasA. a well-known metal-worksB. the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC. typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD. typical of factories that consisted of a single building30. The word “presided over”in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning toA. managedB. led toC. worked inD. producedText 3In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary ofToshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,”may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first paycut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,”and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.31. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?A. In Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.B. He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.C. In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.D. He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.A. apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakesB. be skillful in accepting blames from customersC. make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessaryD. create a strong sense of company loyalty33. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?A. sympatheticB. biasedC. criticalD. approving.34. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.B. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.C. School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.D. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.35. The passage is mainly about ______________.A. resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crisesB. the importance of delegating responsibility to employeesC. ways of evading responsibility in times of crisesD. the difference between two business culturesText 4The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate theiridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.”Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after theFirst World War. The basic tenet of the movement—that function should determine form—was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.36. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?A. Design elements in the Art Nouveau styleB. The popularity of the Art Nouveau styleC. Production techniques for art glassD. Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style37. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A. To compare different Art Nouveau stylesB. To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artistsC. To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United StatesD. To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world38. What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form”(para 3, line 6)?A. A useful object should not be attractiveB. The purpose of an object should influence its formC. The design of an object is considered more significant than its functionD. The form of an object should not include decorative elements39. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that itA. clearly distinguished between art and designB. appealed to people who liked complex painted designsC. reflected a common desire to break from the pastD. was easily interpreted by the general public40. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?A. Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.B. It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.C. It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World WarD. It was not attractive to architects and designersPart BDirections: Read the following text and then answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Growth in the market for glass craftsHistorical development of glassArchitectural experiments with glassA former glass technologyComputers and their dependence on glassWhat makes glass so adaptableExciting innovations in fiber opticsGlass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt. The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.41. _____________________________________On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electroniccomputers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150,000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.42. ______________________________________But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art, a tradition going back at least to Roman times, is also booming. Nearly everywhere, it seems, men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. “I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975,”Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the 20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.43. ______________________________________But not all the glass technology that touches our lives isultra-modern. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.44. _______________________________________The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion, characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are distributed from their normal positioning the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements theglass cools. This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous “formability”which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.45. ______________________________________Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixture and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. “Glass is the great building material of the future, the ‘dynamic skin’”he said. “Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colors as the glass in them is made to change colors instantly.”Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colors instantly, that may come true. Mike Davies’s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on Answer Sheet 2 (15 points)The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinction between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact, for example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquakefocused on “live action”such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Read the following Chinese and write an abstract of 80-100 words. You should write your abstract on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)高崚、杨威被华中科技大学“劝退”，暴露出这样一个问题，一些运动员上学，只是名义上的，他们并没有真正走进课堂，也没有读一些应该读的书。

2015年考研英语（1）真题解析完整版

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:I B T i m e s‘国际财经时报“2014.07.15㊂全文以朋友间有相似基因这一观点引出一项研究,并对研究方法及研究发现展开介绍㊂试题精解1.]当时候[B]为什么[C]如何[D]什么[解析]T h a t回指首句观点朋友间有1%基因相同 ,as t u d y指某项研究 ,首句观点是这项研究的成果㊂只有w h a t能表现研究取得的某种成果 ,同时能与首句观点保持一致,因此答案为[D]㊂2.[A]辩护,辩解[B]得出结论,总结;推断[C]收回;撤销[D]建议;劝告[解析]由下文可知,该研究对没有血亲关系的朋友和陌生人等进行了全基因组分析,故可推知,该研究围绕没有血亲关系的朋友展开,首句观点应该是这一研究的结论,[B]c o n c l u d e d正确㊂3.[A]为了,表目的[B]和,表伴随[C]在上,表对象[D]通过,表方式[解析]空格处考查研究分析与实验对象间的关系,能够与c o n d u c t搭配,且后面能够跟表对象名词的只有[C]o n㊂注:c o n d u c t a ne x p e r i m e n t o n...表示以为对象进行一项实验㊂4.[A]比较[B]寻找,寻求[C]分开[D]连接[解析]p a i r s o f...表明 (该分析对)没有血缘的朋友和陌生人两两成对(进行 ) ,结合首段朋友间同有1%基因可推知该结论应是两两比较得出,[A]c o m p a r e d正确㊂5.[A]实验,检验[B]物体;目标[C]样本[D]事例[解析]由首句可知研究操作是比较两组成对的实验对象 ,故b o t h与p a i r so f...a n d...相对应,即空格词的大范畴为实验对象 ,[C]s a m p l e s正确㊂b o t ho b j e c t s只涵盖两个人 ,不合文意㊂6.[A]微不足道的[B]出乎意料的[C]不可靠的[D]难以置信的[解析]由上文研究发现发表于国家级刊物上及下文d on o t e v e n...㊁s o m e h o w m a n a g e传达的强烈语气,可推知1%在遗传学上意义重大㊂故空格处应与之相反,表示微不足道 ,[A]i n s i g n i f i c a n t正确㊂7.[A]拜访;参观[B]错过;想念[C]寻找;请求[D]知道;了解[解析]t h e i r f o u r t hc o u s i n s指第四代表亲,亲属关系得上溯到共同的玄(外)祖父 ,算是超远房表亲 ,因此可推断大部分人和其第四代表亲关系并不亲近,他们之间可能不熟悉,[D]k n o w正确㊂8.[A]类似;像[B]影响[C]较喜欢;有利于[D]超越;胜过[解析]由前文朋友间亲如第四代表亲,共有1%基因及本段主旨 1%的共有基因在遗传学家看来很重要可知,人们挑选的朋友和其亲戚一样,有1%共有基因,故应与亲戚相似 ,[A]r e s e m b l e正确㊂9.[A]又[B]而且;也[C]反而[D]如此[解析]本段朋友间的相同基因是嗅觉基因,而非免疫基因是上文朋友间有相似基因这一研究基础上更深层次的研究,因此与上文为并列递进关系,选项中只有[B]a l s o能表达该逻辑关系㊂10.[A]同时(表时间)[B]此外(表递进)[C]同样;也(表类比㊁并列)[D]也许(表推测)[解析]空格前半句嗅觉基因把我们吸引到相似环境中是对上文这种相似性为何存在于嗅觉基因中难以解释的说明: 气味相投使大家成为朋友;空格后半句b u t t h e r e i sm o r e...又对该解释补充限制因素,由上句难以解释和b u t后的补充限制可知,空格后解释是可能性的一种,[D]P e r h a p s正确㊂11.[A]关于[B]对于[C]从 [D]像[解析]空格句与上句逻辑为:从难以解释到一种可能解释 ,到可能还有很多机制 ,本题填补第二到三层的逻辑,即引出更多可能 ,[B]t o正确㊂注:t h e r e i sm o r e t o i t表示事情没那么简单㊂112.[A]驱使;促进[B]观察;注意到[C]使困惑;混淆[D]限制[解析]由前文可知,空格句为对选择基因相似朋友的深层原因分析,故许多起协同作用的机制是我们选择基因相似朋友的原因,[A]d r i v e(驱使(某人做某事))符合这一因果逻辑㊂13.[A]根据;按照[B]而不是[C]不管[D]与一道[解析]f u n c t i o n a l强调实用 ,指能帮助达成特殊目的的关系; 基因相似的朋友则是非刻意为达成某种目的而是自然结成的关系,两者恰恰相反,含取舍逻辑的[B]r a t h e r t h a n正确㊂14.[A]机会;机遇[B]反应;回应[C]使命;任务[D]利益;好处[解析]o f b e i n g f r i e n d sw i t h 是对f u n c t i o n a l k i n s h i p的说明,两者含义应一致;b e i n g f r i e n d s对应k i n s h i p,w i t h对应f u n c t i o n a l,[D]b e n e f i t s正确,f r i e n d sw i t hb e n e f i t s指因互利结成的利益朋友㊂15.[A]更晚[B]更慢[C]更快[D]更早[解析]空格句指出一项值得注意的发现,下句指出这一发现的意义㊂其中h u m a ne v o l u t i o n对应s i m i l a r g e n e s...e v o l v i n g,空格处则对应p i c k e d p a c e,[C]f a s t e r(更快地)符合文意㊂16.[A]预测;预报[B]记得;记住[C]理解;了解[D]表达[解析]空格句指出研究发现的意义,研究的目的必然是弄清事实背后的原因,只有[C]u n d e r s t a n d 能串联起 w h y...ңh e l p u n d e r s t a n d... 这一问答逻辑㊂过去三万年间人类的进化加快是一个持续发生的动态过程,人们对这一进化的动态过程是不可能记住(r e m e m b e r) 和表达(e x p r e s s) 的㊂17.[A]无法预料的[B]促成的;起作用的[C]可控的;能操纵的[D]破坏性的,引起混乱的[解析]由上文及空格前半句可知,推动人类进化加快的是相似基因㊂前文提及相似基因有助于我们结交朋友 ,形成朋友圈 ,故由相似基因形成的社交圈促进人类进化,[B]c o n t r i b u t o r y正确㊂18.[A]努力[B]决定[C]安排[D]倾向[解析]T h e f i n d i n g s指代上文朋友间有相似基因 , 人们与相似背景交朋友对应有许多机制协同作用,驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友㊂[D]t e n d e n c y暗示某种趋势和倾向,且该趋势是由体内各种机制作用的,带有无意识地含义,为正确项㊂其他三项均含有主观意味,与无意识行为相矛盾㊂19.[A]政治的[B]宗教的[C]种族的[D]经济的[解析]空格下文t h e s a m e p o p u l a t i o n细化a p o p u l a t i o no f E u r o p e a n e x t r a c t i o n,指欧洲血统中的同一族群㊂所有实验对象都来自同一族群表明,实验尽量排除族群因素的影响,并非简单证明人们和种族背景相似的人做朋友,[C]e t h n i c正确㊂20.[A]看见;确保[B]显示;表明[C]证明;证实[D]判断,辨别[解析]空格句说明,所有实验对象不仅要皆为欧洲血统,还需来自同一族群,从而使结果尽可能少受种族因素的影响㊂[A]s e e契合c a r ew a s t a k e n t o...(小心翼翼地做某事)的逻辑,为正确项㊂全文翻译朋友之间尽管没有血缘关系,但却亲如第四代表亲,同有约1%的基因㊂这是由加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学共同发表在‘美国国家科学院院刊“上的一项研究所得出的结论㊂这份研究对1932个独特的实验对象进行了全基因组分析,它将没有血亲关系的朋友和陌生人分别分成两人一组进行比较㊂两组抽样中使用了相同的实验对象㊂虽然1%可能看上去微不足道,但遗传学家可不这么认为㊂正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学遗传学的教授詹姆斯㊃福勒所说: 大多数人甚至都不认识他们的第四代表亲,但却不知怎么的竟然能够挑选像亲戚一样的人做朋友㊂研究还发现,朋友间同有某些嗅觉基因,却没有免疫基因㊂嗅觉基因为何存有这种相似性目前还难以解释㊂或许,正如该团队所言,是嗅觉基因把我们吸引到相似的环境中去,但事情没有那么简单㊂可能还有许多机制协同作用,驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友而不去结交因利益瓜葛而结成的实用的亲密关系㊂研究中的一项引人注目的发现是:相似的基因似乎比其他基因进化得更快㊂对此加以研究有助于理解为何人类进化在过去的30,000年间加快了步伐,(其中)社会环境是一个主要的促成因素㊂2研究人员称,该发现不是在简单证明人们为何倾向于和种族背景相似的人交朋友㊂尽管所有的实验对象都选自欧洲血统的族群,但(研究人员)还是悉心确保所有的实验对象,不管是朋友还是陌生人,都来自(该血统中的)同一族群㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:T h e G u a r d i a n‘卫报“2014.06.04㊂作者以近期事件西班牙国王卡洛斯被迫退位为切入点,对备受争议的欧洲王室命运进行分析㊂行文脉络:引出全文探讨问题欧洲王室的未来 (第一段) (从历史角度)论述欧洲君主的积极作用(第二㊁三段) (从现实角度)论述欧洲君主的格格不入(第四㊁五段) 聚焦英国王室,指出其面临危机(第六㊁七段)㊂试题精解21.根据前两段可知,西班牙国王胡安㊃卡洛斯㊂[A]缓和了同对手的关系[B]曾经享有很高的公众支持[C]不受欧洲各王室欢迎[D]尴尬地结束了他的统治[锁定答案]第一段②句指出,最近令人尴尬的丑闻及欧洲议会选举中左翼共和党支持率的走高已迫使胡安㊃卡洛斯退位,即:卡洛斯尴尬地结束了他的统治,[D]正确:e n d e dh i s r e i g n替换s t a n dd o w n;i ne m b a r r a s s m e n t对应e m b a r r a s s i n g s c a n d a l s㊂[排除干扰][A]与第一段②句共和党左翼(其敌对者)迫使卡洛斯下台相悖㊂[B]将第一段②句左翼共和党支持率走高(t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f t h e r e p u b l i c a n l e f t) 偷换为卡洛斯(K i n g J u a nC a r l o s)支持率走高㊂[C]利用第一段④句提及的欧洲王室(a l lE u r o p e a nr o y a l s) 设置干扰,但文中并未提及卡洛斯与其关系㊂[提炼思路]本题针对开篇引子(具体事例)设置事实细节题㊂解题最大难点在于其中关键词s t a n d d o w n难知其意,考生需从o n c e i n s i s t e d k i n g s d o n t a b d i c a t e...r e c e n t l y f o r c e d h i mt o e a t h i sw o r d s...S o,d oe s t h eS p a n i s hc r i s i s s u g g e s t t h a tM o n a r c h y i s s e e i n g i t s l a s t d a y s推知其意为退位㊁退职㊂22.君主作为国家元首在欧洲得以保留主要是㊂[A]为了给选民提供更多可以敬仰的公众人物[B]为了在传统和现实间达成一种平衡[C]由于他们无可争辩㊁受人尊重的地位[D]因为他们具有持久的政治象征意义[锁定答案]第三段①句指出,君主得以保留是因为这种政治超越性 (回指第二段超越政治分歧,象征民族统一精神 );②③句进一步指出,欧洲君主得以保留是因为他们为选民提供了一位无争议㊁受尊重的公众人物㊂可见[C]正确:t h e i ru n d o u b t e da n d r e s p e c t a b l e s t a t u s是对an o n-c o n t r o v e r s i a l b u t r e-s p e c t e d p u b l i c f i g u r e的改写㊂[排除干扰][A]将第三段③句an o n-c o n t r o v e r s i a l b u t r e s p e c t e d p u b l i c f i g u r e改为m o r e p u b l i c f i g-u r e s t o l o o ku p t o,既改变人物数量(一个ң多个) 又遗漏关键信息(无争议㊁受尊重)㊂[B]利用文中事实欧洲王室跨越传统与现实形成干扰,但这并非其得以保留的原因,且达成平衡(a c h i e v e ab a l a n c e) 无中生有㊂[D]将第三段①句君主得以保留的原因政治超越性/非政治性(t r a n s c e n d e n c e o f p o l i t i c s) 改为与之相反的政治象征性(p o l i t i c a l e m b o d i m e n t) ㊂[提炼思路]本题针对第二段命制因果事实题㊂解题思路为:首先根据题干与...e x p l a i n sm o n a r c h sc o n t i n u i n gp o p u l a r i t y和r o y a l f a m i l i e s h a v e s u r v i v e db e c a u s e...的近义关系,将解题线索集中到第三段①句t h i s a p p a r e n t t r a n s c e n d e n c e o f p o l i t i c s和③句a n o n-c o n t r o v e r s i a l b u t r e s p e c t e d p u b l i c f i g u r e;然后根据t h i s的回指功能进一步扩大至第二段末句r i s e a b o v e m e r e p o l i t i c s a n d e m b o d y a s p i r i t o f n a t i o n a l3u n i t y;最后结合三处得出答案㊂23.根据第四段内容,下面哪项是怪异的?[A]贵族对继承的财产过度依赖㊂[B]贵族在现代民主政治中的角色㊂[C]贵族世家简单的生活方式㊂[D]贵族对其特权的执意不放㊂[锁定答案]第四段③句指出,在经济学家就日益加深的不平等和世袭财富权力发出警告的今日, 贵族世家依然象征着现代民主国家的核心非常奇怪,可见[B]正确:t h e r o l e㊁t h en o b i l i t y㊁m o d e r nd e m o c-r a c i e s分别对应原文s t i l l b e t h e s y m b o l i c h e a r t㊁w e a l t h y a r i s t o c r a t i c f a m i l i e s㊁m o d e r nd e m o c r a t i c s t a t e s㊂[排除干扰][A]为第四段③句i n c r e a s i n gp o w e r o f i n h e r i t e dw e a l t h暗含事实,[C]符合第五段①②句信息,[D]为第四段②句e m b o d i e s o u t d a t e d a n d i n d e f e n s i b l e p r i v i l e g e s暗示信息,但三者均未体现作者认为的怪异之处,文不对题㊂[提炼思路]本题考查事实细节+作者观点 ,解题关键在于抓取题干核心信息t ob eo d d㊁明确题目所问(第四段作者指出的奇特怪异现象),并通过i t i s b i z a r r e...将解题线索锁定第四段末句t h a t从句㊂最后对比选项:正确项需为t h a t从句的同义表述;选项即便符合他处事实,但非从句所指,也应排除㊂24.英国王室最应感到恐慌 ,是因为查尔斯王子㊂[A]没能让自己适应未来的角色[B]没能遵从建议改变生活方式[C]把共和主义者当成潜在盟友[D]对政治问题采取了强硬立场[锁定答案]文章末段指出英国王室的危险来自于查尔斯:生活方式奢侈,等级观念强,没能理解君主制之所以能够存续,很大原因在于提供了一位无争议㊁非政治的国家元首,而(行为不当的)君主恰恰是君主制最大的敌人㊂可见,危机来自没能调整自己,适应未来国王角色的查尔斯王子,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]利用②句h a s a n e x p e n s i v e t a s t e o f l i f e s t y l e设置干扰,但这不足以概括查尔斯的错误行为 ,且a s a d v i s e d无中生有㊂[C]利用④句人物r e p u b l i c a n s设置干扰,但该句只暗示这是王室的反对者,并未指出查尔斯将其当做潜在盟友㊂[D]对③句f a i l e d t o...n o n-p o l i t i c a l过度引申,文中并未指出查尔斯政治立场强硬㊂[提炼思路]本题就最后两段设题,要求考生概括英国王室处于危险的原因㊂解题时需正面概括+反向推导 :一,正确项需能概括关于查尔斯的主要信息;以偏概全以及扭曲事实的选项须排除;二,关于女王的信息维持了君主声誉(h a s p r e s e r v e d t h em o n a r c h y r e p u t a t i o n) 可作为概括推理的反向依据:查尔斯做法难保君主声誉㊂25.以下哪项最适合做文章题目[A]卡洛斯,光荣与耻辱的合体[B]查尔斯,渴望继承王冠[C]卡洛斯,给所有欧洲君主的教训[D]查尔斯,迟于应对迫近的威胁[锁定答案]本文第一段以西班牙国王卡洛斯被迫退位事件引发全文探讨问题:欧洲王室是否行将就木第二至五段分析指出欧洲各王室靠其努力调整将会暂时持续㊂最后两段聚焦英国王室,指出查尔斯不当行为致其面临危机㊂纵观全文,作者实则以卡洛斯事例警示欧洲王室作出调整,[C]为最佳标题㊂[排除干扰][A]偏离主线:文章关注点在欧洲各君主国 ,而非卡洛斯个人荣辱㊂[B]利用背景信息查尔斯已做王储多年㊁且登上王位依然遥遥无期捏造干扰,但非文中信息㊂[D]只在文章末段提及,且将文意查尔斯给英国王室带来威胁改为查尔斯迟于应对面前威胁㊂[提炼思路]本题以文章标题形式考查考生对全文的把握㊂解题时可采取思路重在对比分析选项,同时回顾文章内容 :四个选项均为人物+短语形式:[B]㊁[D]关注人物C h a r l e s仅出现于最末两段,且随后短语均针对查尔斯个人,故排除;[A]㊁[C]人物C a r l o s为文章切入点,但[A]中短语关注的是C a r l o s个人,排除,[C]A l lE u r o p e a n M o n a r c h s为全文关注对象,a l e s s o n体现以卡洛斯被迫退位看欧洲王室现状的视角,故正确㊂全文翻译西班牙国王胡安㊃卡洛斯曾经坚称国王不会退位,他们只在睡梦中逝去㊂但令人尴尬的丑闻及4最近欧洲议会选举中左翼共和党支持率的走高迫使他自食其言并退下王位㊂那么,此次西班牙危机是否暗示君主制已走向穷途末路是否表明所有欧洲王室,连同其华丽的皇室制服和庄严的生活方式,都将面临着消亡的厄运?西班牙的情形为支持和反对君主制的观点都提供了依据㊂当公众舆论特别分化,如佛朗哥统治刚刚结束之时,君主能够超越纯粹的政治并象征国家团结的精神㊂正是这种应然的政治超越性解释了君主作为国家元首受到持续欢迎的原因㊂也正因此,除中东之外,欧洲是世界上君主最密集的地区,有10个王国之多(不算梵蒂冈城和安道尔)㊂但不同于海湾地区及亚洲地区的专制主义君主,大多数欧洲皇室能够存留下来是因为他们能让选民们避免费力地寻找一个无争议㊁受尊敬的公众人物㊂即便如此,国王和女王们无疑仍有其不利的一面㊂虽然他们声称自己象征着国家团结,但就其历史本身以及有时他们在当今之行为方式却都代表了过时的㊁难以捍卫的特权和不平等㊂在托马斯㊃皮凯蒂及其他一些经济学家纷纷就日益加剧的不平等和日益增强的世袭财富权力发出警告之时,富有的贵族世家依然是现代民主国家的核心象征,这非常怪异㊂最成功君主们在努力摆脱或是隐藏旧有的贵族习气㊂王子王妃们在从事日常的有薪工作,且骑自行车,而不是骑马(或者坐飞机)㊂即便如此,这些也是富有世家,他们只和全球1%的顶级富豪进行社交活动,且媒体的侵扰使他们越来越难保持正面的形象㊂毫无疑问,尽管欧洲的君主们足够聪明,将会继续存留在未来的一些时日里,但正是英国王室成员应从西班牙的儆戒中感受到最大的恐慌㊂只有女王以她极为普通(尽管穿着考究)的老奶奶风格保持了君主的声望㊂危险将随查尔斯而至,他不仅有品味奢侈的生活方式,而且有着很强的等级世界观㊂他没能理解到君主制能够存续,很大部分原因在于他们提供了一种服务作为无争议㊁非政治的国家元首㊂查尔斯王子应该知道,正如英国历史所示,君主制最大的敌人恰恰是君主,而不是共和党人㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:T h eW a s h i n g t o nP o s t‘华盛顿邮报“2014.04.28㊂脉络:提出问题逮捕时警方是否可以无证查看嫌疑犯手机信息 (首段)ң分析问题(中间段,其中第二至四段作者驳斥加州观点警方可无证搜查嫌疑犯手机等随身物品并提出观点无证搜查手机犹如入室搜查,有悖隐私权益法案 ;第五六段作者表明担忧公民隐私未受法律保护 )ң解决问题最高法院应对第四修正案做出重新解释以适应数字信息领域的发展 (末段)㊂试题精解最高法院将要裁决,逮捕过程中,是否是合法的㊂[A]阻止嫌疑人删除他们的手机内容[B]在没有搜查令的情况下寻找嫌疑人手机[C]在未经批准的情况下检查嫌疑人手机内容[D]禁止嫌疑人使用他们的手机[锁定答案]第一段②句指出:最高法院即将讨论在逮捕过程中,警方是否可以无证搜查嫌疑犯身边的手机信息 ;意即,最高法院要解决逮捕中警方不经授权搜查嫌疑犯手机信息的合法性问题㊂由此可推知,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将第六段③句所述事实等候搜查证过程中警方可以采取合理措施以防嫌疑犯删除或更改手机数据篡改为最高法院将要裁决的问题㊂[B]将首段②句中搜查手机信息偷换为寻找手机㊂[D]将首段②句查看嫌疑犯身边的手机的信息内容断章取义为查看手机是否在身边㊂[提炼思路]事实细节题重在根据题干锁定位置并寻找与之同义替换的选项㊂题干中w o r ko u t (经过思考㊁讨论后)想出,得到(解决办法) ㊁i s l e g i t i m a t e t o分别对应c o n s i d e r 认真思考㊁仔细考虑ң(最高法院)讨论(以作出裁决) ㊁c a n,由此锁定②句;[C]选项中c h e c k㊁w i t h o u t b e i n g a u t h o r i z e d分别对应句中5s e a r c h㊁w i t h o u t aw a r r a n t㊂27.作者对加利福尼亚州观点的态度是㊂[A]不赞成[B]不关心[C]宽容[D]谨慎[锁定答案]第四段①句作者直接提议最高法院首先要摒弃加州政府的蹩脚言论㊂由此不难推知作者对加州政府观点的不赞成态度,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]与文中作者对加州政府观点极度忧虑不符㊂[C]由第七段首句但最高法院不应该全盘接受加州观点衍生出作者部分赞同加州观点 ,而该句仅仅是作者在担忧最高法院可能会接纳加州观点状况下(第六段末句最高法院可能倾向于给警方有更多自主控制的余地 )退而求其次做出的折中期待而已㊂[D]将第三段首句r e c k l e s s l y m o d e s t 用以说明最高法院采纳加州观点的后果篡改为用以说明作者对加州观点的态度㊂[提炼思路]作者态度题重在借助情感色彩表达词揣摩作者观点态度㊂第四段①句中d i s c a r d 摒弃㊁l a m e 蹩脚的,站不住脚的很明确表明作者对加州观点的态度㊂28.作者认为查看一个人手机内容犹如㊂[A]翻查一个人的钱包[B]处理一个人的历史记录[C]浏览一个人的通信往来[D]进入一个人的住处[锁定答案]第四段③句明确指出:查看手机就犹如进入他或她的家,其中注意m o r e l i k e彰显了作者的倾向性㊂故[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]错将第四段①句所述加州政府观点查看手机内容犹如查看嫌犯钱包等同于作者观点㊂[B]㊁[C]均利用第四段④句设置干扰,但该句旨在说明手机内容涉及个人生活方方面面,需要加强对手机内容的保护意识 ,而是作者类比查看手机内容的对象㊂[提炼思路]解答事实细节题关键在根据题干锁定位置并寻找与之同义替换的选项㊂[D]项中g e t-t i n g i n t o㊁r e s i d e n c e分别对应③句中的e n t e r i n g㊁h o m e㊂29.第五㊁六段中,作者表达了对的担忧㊂[A]原则很难清楚表达[B]法院将给警察更小行动余地[C]手机被用来储存敏感信息[D]公民隐私没有得到有效保护[锁定答案]第五段首末句指出:美国人应该采取措施以保护自身数据隐私,他们有权要求私人文件不公开㊁不受无理搜查;意即:美国人的数字隐私并未得到合理保护;就此初步判断[D]正确㊂再根据第六段主体内容手机信息搜查的界限不好划定:一㊁搜查证很好获取,二㊁紧急关头可越过第四修正案进行搜查,三㊁等待搜查证时可采取措施不让嫌犯删除或更改手机内容以确保手机信息保持原始状态以备搜查;不仅如此,最高法院还有可能让警方拥有更多自主权可知,作者意欲说明手机信息保护的难度,以表明对公民隐私并未受到有效保护的担忧㊂由此确定[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]反向曲解第六段首句 (可以申明原则,但)申明原则不能减轻界限划定的难度㊂[B]反向曲解第六段末句最高法院可能想要为警方指出有权行使更多自主行为的情形留下余地(即,留有更多余地) ㊂[C]将第五段②句所述既成事实人们将敏感信息存储在手机里已成为日常生活的一部分篡改为作者忧虑㊂[提炼思路]段落推理/主旨题重在找到主题句和关键词并将其与选项一一比对㊂第五六段的主题句均为段首句,关键词分别落在p r o t e c t t h e i r d i g i t a l p r i v a c y,t h e c h a l l e n g e o f l i n e-d r a w i n g㊂其中,第五段首句明显表达出作者对公民隐私保护的忧虑,第六段首句则借手机信息搜查界限很难界定传递出公民隐私未得到有效保护之意㊂30.引用奥林㊃克尔的对比是为了表明㊂[A]宪法应该灵活实施[B]宪法原则应该永不更改[C]加利福尼亚州观点违反了宪法原则[D]新技术需要对宪法重新解释[锁定答案]根据题干定位至末段末句,再根据所举事例旨在为观点服务原则,可将作者意图追溯到②句,该句指出:新的颠覆性技术有时需要对宪法保护条例有所新运用㊂由此不难断定,作者列举6O r i nK e r r比较的意图在于说明新技术需要对宪法做出新解释,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将②③句所讨论宪法保护条例的新运用问题,即对宪法进行新的阐述以适应新的发展需求篡改为宪法的灵活运用问题,即宪法应该灵活运用㊂[B]曲解②句,首先将宪法保护条例替换为宪法原则 ;其次将需要新运用反向替换为应该永不改变㊂[C]由①句法官们不应该全盘接受加州观点曲解出加州观点违背宪法原则 ,而从第二段可知加州观点实为法律意义上的既定假设㊂[提炼思路]例证题的定位不应该看例子本身而应该找到例子对应的观点或结论,本题例子本身就是末段末句,因此答案只能锁定在其前文㊂全文翻译宪法到底在多大程度上保护你的数字资料?最高法院即将讨论,在没有搜查令的情况下,警察是否可以在逮捕过程中搜查嫌疑人身上或身旁的手机内容㊂加利福尼亚州已请求法官们不要作出一刀切裁决,尤其是推翻执法当局在逮捕时可搜查嫌疑犯财物这一旧有假定的一刀切裁决㊂该州(政府)认为,法官很难评估快速变化的新技术可能带来的影响㊂若是听从加利福尼亚州的建议,最高法院那真是谦虚得不计后果㊂(已经有)足够多的影响现在能够看得出来,甚至很明显,因此,法官们能够也应该向警方㊁律师以及被告提供更新的指导性意见㊂他们应该首先摒弃加利福尼亚州的蹩脚观点,即,翻看智能手机的内容 (那可是)一个庞大的数字信息库相当于翻查嫌疑犯的钱包㊂最高法院已经裁决:在没有搜查令的情况下,警方搜查被捕人的钱包或钱袋并不违反宪法第四修正案㊂但是查看一个人的智能手机更像是进入他或她的家㊂智能手机里可能存有被捕者的阅读记录㊁财务记录㊁病史记录以及近期通信往来的详细记录㊂与此同时, 云计算的发展也让那种查看更为容易㊂美国人应当采取措施保护他们的数字隐私㊂但是把敏感信息保存在这些设备上正日渐成为正常生活的一种需要㊂不过(美国)公民有权要求私人文件保持不公开并且受到宪法禁止无理搜查条款的保护㊂申明原则并不能减轻界限划定的挑战,这是常有的事㊂很多情况下,当局获得搜查令再搜查手机信息也不会太麻烦㊂在面临严峻㊁紧急情况之时,他们还可以悬置第四修正案的保护条例;在等待搜查令之时,他们也可以采取适当的措施以保证手机数据不被删除或更改㊂尽管如此,最高法院或许还想要为警方提出有权行使更多自主行为的情形留下空间㊂但是法官们不应该轻易接受加利福尼亚州的所有观点㊂新的颠覆性技术有时需要对宪法保护条例进行创新性的应用㊂法学教授奥林㊃克尔把21世纪数字信息的爆炸及其可获取性与20世纪将汽车使用几乎确立为生活必需相比较:当时法官们不得不为小客车这一新兴私人领域明确新规;现在他们也必须解决第四修正案如何去适用数字信息的问题㊂T e x t3总体分析来源:N a t u r e‘自然“2014.07.03㊂全文围绕 ‘科学“加强论文统计审查这一新举展开论述,分析了举措出台原因,列举了一些学者对举措的看法,说明了此举对于科研发表以及学术研究的意义和它的局限性㊂试题精解31.由第一段得知,㊂[A]‘科学“欲简化其同行评审程序[B]众期刊正加强其统计审查[C]鲜有期刊因为数据分析错误而受诟病[D]研究项目中缺乏数据分析很常见[锁定答案]首句指出‘科学“宣布将对其同行评审程序增加额外的数据审查;②句表明此举是仿效其他期刊并说明背后原因㊂w i d e s p r e a dc o n c e r n t h a t b a s i cm i s t a k e s i nd a t aa n a l y s i s...反映当前科研发表质量堪忧㊂因此首段现象提炼即为:各大期刊正加强统计审查,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]中s i m p l i f y(简化)与①句a d d i n g a n e x t r a r o u n d o f s t a t i s t i c a l c h e c k s...相左㊂[C]与7。

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

XX年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案(NETEM xx)Part Ⅰ Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Choose the one that best pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］. Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that Imy head in my hands for a cry.［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced3.Aording to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best 4.She felt suitably humble just as she when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have and ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］ being resigned ［B］having resigned［C］going to resign ［D］resign6.So involved with their puters that leaders at summer puter camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the children ［B］bee the children［C］had the children bee ［D］do the children bee7.The individual TV viewer invariably se。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)答案

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)答案Section I Use of English1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。

2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised【答案】[B]concluded【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。

因此，答案为concluded。

3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by【答案】[C]on【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析的对象是1932unique subjects。

conduct analysis on…是固定表达。

4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected【答案】[A]compared【解析】该空格所在的句子是which引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_______。

因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。

所以最佳答案为compared。

5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples【答案】[C]samples【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类______。

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take great risks.And a new research suggests that happiness might influence1firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.2firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know of the4and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would5the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness 6by Gallup polling with investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were8.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities9why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various10that might make firms more likely to invest---like size, industry and sales---and for indicators that a place was11to live in,like growth in wages or population.The like between happiness and investment generally12even after according for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors13to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less14managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was15stronger in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness in equality.17this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least18at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help19how executives think about the future.“it surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward thinking and creative and20R&D more than the average”said one researcher.1.[A]where[B]how[C]why[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast[D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]realism[C]optimism[D]modernism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]assumed[C]measured[D]invented7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]headquartered[B]advertised[C]overtaxed[D]divided9.[A]overstate[B]summarize[C]explain[D]emphasize10.[A]factors[B]stages[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]reliable[C]sociable[D]reputable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]assign[B]attribute[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]experienced[C]ambitious[D]civilized15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]directly[C]regularly[D]equally17.[A]While[B]Since[C]After[D]Until18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]share[B]simplify[C]rediscover[D]shape20.[A]pray for[B]give away[C]send out[D]lean towardSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C，or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students experience can catch up after a few introductory courses.Said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at camegie Mellon’s school of computer science.However,Cortina said,every exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science. They learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers-but a tool to build apps,or create artwork or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized dunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less -experienced or–determined students saw the Flatirm school,where people pay to learn programming,students one of the many coding boot camps that’s become popular for audlts looking for a career change.The high–schoolers get the same carriculom,but”we try to gearlesons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Fridman,an instructors.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests maies lasted on your noodll.The student in the Flatiron class probably won't chop of high school and build the next facebook.Programming Languages have a quick turnover,so the Rugy on Rails’language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they entern the job market.But the skills they learn-how to thind logically through a program and organize the results-apply to any cochrg language,for the state of North Caroline.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into it at all.But creating a future army codors is not the sdo purpose of the classes.These kids are garg to be surrourded by by computers-in the pockets in there officies,in their homes-for the rest of their livesthe younger they learn how computer think, how to coax the machine into produry what the want-the earlier the learn that they have thepower to do that-the better.21.Corna holds that early exposure to comlator science markets it easier to______.pete future job trainingB.remode the way of thinkingC.for malate logical hypotiiesesD.perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schools,Flatiron has considered their_______.A.experienceB.academic backgrondsC.career prospectsD.interest.23.Peborah Seehorn believe that the skills learned that Flation will.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be up graded when how technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragrarh,Flation students are expected toplete with a future army of programmersB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.bring fath innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(line4,para6)is cloest in meaningsA.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguideText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States.But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chieken's habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside FWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.”The federal government is giving responsibility for managine the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is_[A]the insistence of private landowners[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]its drastically decreased population27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer regulatory powers[C]granted less federal regulatory powers[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they_[A]agree to pay a sun for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is_[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_[A]the plan under challenge[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]industry groupsText3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read;“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30 minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning —or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind, Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,"becoming more efficient"is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depands on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind."The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,"writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and"we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them."No mind-set could be worse for losing yourslef in a bookSo what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time’s flow”into“soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers,”carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read”,but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offerdoes not case the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The”empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText4Against a backdrop of changes in economy and population structure youngest Americans are drawing a new21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has foundAcross generational lines Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married having children owning a home and retiring in their sixties but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of fulfilling life they offer striking different paths for reaching itYoung people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritizepersonal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found. From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs,says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily,he said,”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”Looking back,he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.”I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is.A.having a family with childrenB.trying out different lifestylesC.working beyond retirement ageD.setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to[A]favor a slower life pace.[B]hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance.[D]give priority to childcare outside the home.38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young willA.depend largely on political preferencesB.reach almost all aspects of American lifeC.focus on materialistic issues.D.become increasingly clear39both young and old agree thatA good paying jobs are less availableB the old made more life achievementsC housing loans today are easy to obtainD getting established is harder for the young40Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents'good life has little to do with a college degree[C]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[D]He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Be silly[B]Ask for help[C]Notice things[D]Express your emotions[E]Don’t overthink it[F]Be easily pleased[G]Have funAct Your Shoe Size,Not Your AgeAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art---and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing indistinctly,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41.What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry?He shouts.Scared? Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then---again,like children--move on.42.A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the image silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have verylittle lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which would,of course,have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44.The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to dealwith---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random (dancing around the living room,anyone?)---it doesn’t matter,so long as they’re enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45.Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness”.And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III Translation46.Directions：Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The supermarket is designed to urge customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Marketing Institute,carries some44,000different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally---which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give your advice.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校学生旅行目的调查。

2015年英语二考研大纲

共 15 分。
第四部分写作
该部分由 A、B 两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共 2 题，25 分。
A节
考生根据所给情景写出约 100 词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和
公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共 10 分。
B节
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇 150 词左右的英语说明文或议论
文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这 7 个选项中选出最
恰当的 5 个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
第三部分英译汉
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为 150 词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生应能较熟练地掌握 5 500 个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录相关部分）。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
（二）语言技能 1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。根据阅读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中的具体信息；（3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；（4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；（5）进行一定的判断和推理；（6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）考试大纲
I.考试性质
英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

2015年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文主要就当前社会存在的一个现象进行分析——为什么现在的人不与周围的陌生人交流，而只专注于手机。

第一段提出现象。

第二段指出与陌生人交流其实大有裨益，只是我们不知道。

第三段提出全文要探讨的问题。

第四段给出原因之一——害怕。

第五段承接第四段继续分析，指出我们把手机视为保护毯，避免与陌生人交谈的尴尬。

第六段用一个实验证明其实与陌生人交谈并不是那么尴尬。

第七段对实验结果进行解释，因为人类的的发展源于社会联系。

试题解析In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a__1__on a subway.【译文】在当代文化中，与陌生人交流，甚至看一眼陌生人，都几乎难以忍受。

我们周围的每一个人似乎都同意这点，他们玩弄着手机，即使地铁上一点儿信号都没有。

1.[A]ticket车票[B]permit许可证[C]signal信号[D]record记录【答案】C【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，即使地铁里没有________。

选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，与phones和subway有关，因此signal正确。

【命题思路】本题四个选项语义不相关，所以只需要根据上下文确定所需填入的语义即可。

【干扰排除】其余三个选项带入原文都与句意不符，故排除。

It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's__2__to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,__3__into your phone.This universal protection sends the___4___:_“Please don't approach me.”【译文】这是个可悲的现实——我们希望避免与其他人交流——因为和身边的陌生人交流会带来诸多益处。

在职研究生英语模拟试题2(附答案)

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考（英语二）模拟试题八Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Some historians say that the most important con tribution of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency (总统任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a __1__ project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human __2__ as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower’s interstate highways __3__ the nation together in new ways and __4__ major economic growth by making commerce less __5__. Today, an information superhighway has been built—an electronic network that __6__ libraries, corporations, government agencies and __7__. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, __8__ it is the backbone (主干) of the World Wide Web.The Internet had its __9__ in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network called ARPAnet, which __10__ Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to __11__ information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF), __12__ mission is to promote science, took over.This new NSF network __13__ more and more institutional users, many of __14__ had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that __15__ the NSF network had intracampus computer networks. The NSF network __16__ became a connector for thousands of other networks. __17__ a backbone system that interconnects networks, Internet was a name that fit.So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure on which web __18__ move. It began as a military communication system, which expanded into a government-funded __19__ research network. Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying intuitions of many sorts together __20__ an "information superhighway.”1. A.concise B.radical C.massive D.trivial2. A.behaviors B.endeavors C.inventions D.elements3. A.packed B.stuck C.suppressed D.bound4. A.facilitated B.modified C.mobilized D.terminated5. petitive parative C.exclusive D.expensive6. A.merges B.connects C.relays D.unifies7. A.figures B.personalities C.individuals D.humans8. A.and B.yet C.or D.while9. A.samples B.sources C.origins D.precedents10. A.stood by B.stood for C.stood against D.stood over11. A.exchange B.bypass C.switch D.interact12. A.their B.that C.when D.whose13. A.expanded B.contracted C.attracted D.extended14. A.what B.which C.these D.them15. A.joined B.attached C.participated D.involved16. A.moreover B.however C.likewise D.then17. A.With B.By C.In D.As18. A.contexts B. signs C.messages D.leaflets19. A.citizen B.civilian C.amateur D.resident20. A.into B.amid C.over D.towardSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C, or D. mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Open up most fashion magazines and you will see incredibly thin models with impossible hair and wearing unreasonably expensive, impracticably styled clothes. But shouldn't clothes be comfortably durable and make a principle of being simple for the individual who wears them? Why are we constantly told that we need to buy new clothes and add fresh pieces to our collection?Fashions change year after year so lots of people can make piles of money. If folks are convinced that they need a different look each season, that this year's sweater's length and shoes style are important, they can be persuaded to buy. The fashion industry would have you ignore your shortcomings and just make you feel beautiful and happy. In fact, it is not only a phenomenon we can find in people's dressing.Fashion controls our lives. Fashion controls what we wear, what we eat, what we drink, the way we cut our hair, the makeup we buy and use, the color of the cars we drive. Fashion even controls our ideas.You don't believe me? How many of your friends are vegetarians? Why are they vegetarians? Because it is fashionable!Where does fashion come from? Often the answers are quite logical. Scientists and historians study the fashions of the past and discover the secrets of each fashion.When girls see an attractive guy, their blood pressure rises and their lips become redder. That's why guys think that girls wearing lipstick are beautiful.Why do guys shave their heads? In the past soldiers shaved their heads to kill the insects that lived in their hair. Now guys shave their heads so that they look strong and masculine, like soldiers. People spend a lot of time and money on fashion. But are they wasting their money? Changes in fashion help to develop new technologies. Changes in style create work for people all over the world. Many people work in the fashion industry, particularly in the fashion capitals of London, New York, Paris and Milan.And finally, fashion makes you feel good, doesn't it? When you are dressed in the latest style, dancing to the most fashionable music, after watching the latest hit film, you feel great, don't you?21. What's the author's viewpoint about the models and their hairstyles and clothes?A. Unbiased.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. Appreciative.22. It is indicated by the author that clothes should be ____.A. comfortable and durableB. new and freshC. expensive and fashionableD. simple and unique23. The fashion industry makes profits by ____.A. selling the products at high pricesB. creating a need in youC. helping you get rid of your shortcomingsD. making you look more beautiful24. The author thinks what has been found about fashions by the scientists and historians is ____.A. incredibleB. amazingC. reasonableD. creative25. The passage mentions the advantages of fashion EXCEPT that ____.A. it can help promote technological developmentB. it enables people to remain up-to-dateC. it can create more job opportunities for peopleD. it can make people achieve a great feelingText 2Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time.After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn't been born yet, or is a baby now. That's because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein's day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn't long before he became a philosopher himself."The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan or specialist and a real seeker after truth," Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren't many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts."Maybe there is an Einstein out there today," said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, "but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard."Especially considering what Einstein was proposing."The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!" Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. "It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution."Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his "miracle year" of 1905. These "thought experiments" were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?"We all get papers like those in the mail," Greene said. "We put them in the junk file."26. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?A. Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B. It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.C. No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.27. What was critical to Einstein's success?A. His talent as an accomplished musician.B. His independent and abstract thinking.C. His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D. His solid foundation in math theory.28. What does the author tell us about physicists today?A. They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.B. They are very good at solving practical problems.C. They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.29. What does Brian Greene imply by saying "... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard" (Lines1-2, Para. 9)?A. People have to compete in order to get their papers published.B. It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.C. Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.30. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.A. forgot to make footnotes and citationsB. was little known in academic circlesC. was known as a young genius in math calculationsD. knew nothing about the format of academic papersText 3The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the or ganization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of A T&T, Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority raceswho, like Coleman, feel that the scales(障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead- that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.31. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2, Para.1) probably refers to "_____".A. criticisms that shape everyone's experienceB. the opinions which contradict the established beliefsC. the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeD. the ideas which usually come up with h new ways of management in the organization32. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to _____.A. let your superiors know how good you areB. project a favorable image to the people around youC. work as a consultant to your superiorsD. perform well your tasks given by your superiors33. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they ______.A. know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB. want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC. don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorD. believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color34. The author is of the opinion that Coleman's beliefs are __________ .A. biasedB. popularC. insightfulD. superficial35. The best title for this passage would be ______.A. Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB. The Importance of Being VisibleC. Job Performance and AdvancementD. Sex and Career SuccessText 4Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that "elderly" and "needy" are synonymous. Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. Butmost of them aren’t.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits,which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against —discrimination by age.36. We learn from the first paragraph that _______.A. offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practiceB. senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent lifeC. giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD. senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount37. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A. businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society in return.B. Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made to society.C. The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.D. Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system.38. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will _____.A . Make old people even more dependent on societyB. intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC. have adverse financial impact on business companiesD. bring a marked increase in the companies’ revenues39. How does the author view the Social Security system?A. It encourages elderly people to retire in time.B. It opens up broad career prospects for young people.C. It benefits the old at the expense of the young.D. It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions.40. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument?A. Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.B. The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.C. Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.D. Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.Part BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from column A that corresponds to each of the marked details given in column B. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answer on ANSER SHEET 1. (10 points)“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine (犬的) eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy’s DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother (代母). The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He’s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin’s work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”Section III Translation (15 points)46. Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Oil-rich Norway remains the best country in the world to live in, while Zimbabwe, afflicted by economic crisis and AIDS, is the least desirable, according to an annual U.N. rating released on Thursday. The assessment came in a so-called human development index, a measure of well-being published by the U.N. Development Program for the past 20 years that combines individual economic prosperity with education levels and life expectancy.The UNDP placed Norway, Australia and New Zealand at the top and Niger--last year's back-marker -- the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe at the bottom.But UNDP officials said the figures were not fully comparable due to changes in calculation methods this year. Per capita gross national income, which includes aid and remittances, has been used instead of gross domestic product, while in education literacy levels have been replaced by average years of schooling.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: You have been studying in the University of Pittsburgh for six months as a visiting scholar and now you are leaving for China. Write a letter to express your gratitude to your supervisor, Prof. John Smith. Your letter should be no less than 100 words.Please do not sign your own name; sign Li Ming instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: You are supposed to write an essay of no less than 150 words on the title of Managing the Virtual Farm. Please follow the outline provided below. You should write this composition on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)1. 当前，很多人迷上了“开心农场”游戏，花很多时间上网种菜、偷菜；2. 对此，我的看法是：…;3. 总结。

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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIts a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket，Wortmann says.They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talkingto a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare答案：1. signal2. Much3. plugged4. message5. behind6. misinterpreted7. judged8. unfamiliar9. anxious 10. turn 11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. simple原标题：2015年考研英语二真题答案（完整版）Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The wordmoola(Line 4， 4)most probably means[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded答案：21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.B childless husbands23.A they are both bread winners and housewives24.C earnings25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a dox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while thiswas true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resou rces, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last graph that[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question答案：26.C missed its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need of financial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were tives，but we didnt talk about energy；we didnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your passion, youII be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，You can get people to think its nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it. In a workplace thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become[A]more e motional[B]more tive[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32.team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept it答案：31.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamentalText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is yes.they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family mrs with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family mrsD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacares trouble答案：36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38.B shows a general tendency of decline39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.A employment in the USSome Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh TimesUefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remr that they wont last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths Ive learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42 .If you are by and43. .Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44..No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remr that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try toparticipate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.45 .Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining tivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.答案：41.D Most of your fears are unreal42.E Think about the resent moment43.G There are many things to be grateful for44.A you are not alone45.C Pave your own unique pathSection Ⅲ Translation46.Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cant remr the journey well because we didnt pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。