Lecture5Word
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an animal that can bark = dog Prime Minister of Canada = Paul Martin
*Imaginary things have no referents
7
Two referents for one thing ?
the same thing e.g.
conceptual structures
perceptual and action
Recommended readings: ? Jackendoff, R. (1992). Language of the mind. Essays on mental
representation. Chapter 3: Word meanings and what it takes to learn them: reflections on the Piaget-Chomsky. The MIT Press. pp. 53-67 ? Gao, H. (2001). The physical foundation of the patterning of physical action verbs. Lund University Press. Chapter 2: Lexicalization patterns from contact to motion and motion to contact. pp. 41-60
Lecture 5
26 Oct., 2005
Word, Meaning, and Concept
Helena Gao
1
Required readings: ? O' Grady, W. (1987). Semantics: the study of meaning. In W.
O'Grady & M. Dobrovolsky (eds.), Contemporary Linguistic analysis. Copp Clark Pitman Ltd. pp. 171-188 ? Vygotsky, L. (1996). Thought and Language. Newly revised and edited by Alex Kozulin. The MIT Press. Chapter 7: Thought and Word. pp. 210-276.
‘because' ? Abstract concepts like ‘love' ‘god'
6
According to referential theory,
Referent (denotation)
To equate meaning to a word or phrase with actual entities to which it refers e.g.
Paul Martin:
the Prime Minister of Canada
?
the leader of Liberal Party
8
Extension versus intention
- The distinction stipulates the relation between referents and meanings
2
? What is “word meaning”? ? What does it mean when you say you know
the meaning of a word?
? What does it mean when you say you know a word, such as “bird” “blue”, or “happy”
A word's extension corresponds to the set of entities that it picks out in the world (referents)
A word's intension corresponds to its inherent sense or the concepts that evoke.
9
According to Jackendoff (1992),
Within a cognitive theory
Conceptual Well-Formedness Rules
linguistic structures
conceptual structures
perceptual and action
? How do we conceive of a word meaning?
3
Word Meaning
? something that is conveyed or signified, or sensed in a symbolic sign
? A fragment of conceptual structure that is linked in long-term memory with a phonological structure and a syntactic structure (Jackendoff, 1992)
Inference rules
10
A number of factors combine to make a word mean what it does
(1) The connection of the concept expressed by the word to perception and action
4
Referential meaning
Rose =
Concept <-> word <-> object
5 = referent in the real world ? But what about extension of meaning
? Adjectives = qualities of something ? Grammatical function words e.g. ‘in' ‘on' ‘at'
*Imaginary things have no referents
7
Two referents for one thing ?
the same thing e.g.
conceptual structures
perceptual and action
Recommended readings: ? Jackendoff, R. (1992). Language of the mind. Essays on mental
representation. Chapter 3: Word meanings and what it takes to learn them: reflections on the Piaget-Chomsky. The MIT Press. pp. 53-67 ? Gao, H. (2001). The physical foundation of the patterning of physical action verbs. Lund University Press. Chapter 2: Lexicalization patterns from contact to motion and motion to contact. pp. 41-60
Lecture 5
26 Oct., 2005
Word, Meaning, and Concept
Helena Gao
1
Required readings: ? O' Grady, W. (1987). Semantics: the study of meaning. In W.
O'Grady & M. Dobrovolsky (eds.), Contemporary Linguistic analysis. Copp Clark Pitman Ltd. pp. 171-188 ? Vygotsky, L. (1996). Thought and Language. Newly revised and edited by Alex Kozulin. The MIT Press. Chapter 7: Thought and Word. pp. 210-276.
‘because' ? Abstract concepts like ‘love' ‘god'
6
According to referential theory,
Referent (denotation)
To equate meaning to a word or phrase with actual entities to which it refers e.g.
Paul Martin:
the Prime Minister of Canada
?
the leader of Liberal Party
8
Extension versus intention
- The distinction stipulates the relation between referents and meanings
2
? What is “word meaning”? ? What does it mean when you say you know
the meaning of a word?
? What does it mean when you say you know a word, such as “bird” “blue”, or “happy”
A word's extension corresponds to the set of entities that it picks out in the world (referents)
A word's intension corresponds to its inherent sense or the concepts that evoke.
9
According to Jackendoff (1992),
Within a cognitive theory
Conceptual Well-Formedness Rules
linguistic structures
conceptual structures
perceptual and action
? How do we conceive of a word meaning?
3
Word Meaning
? something that is conveyed or signified, or sensed in a symbolic sign
? A fragment of conceptual structure that is linked in long-term memory with a phonological structure and a syntactic structure (Jackendoff, 1992)
Inference rules
10
A number of factors combine to make a word mean what it does
(1) The connection of the concept expressed by the word to perception and action
4
Referential meaning
Rose =
Concept <-> word <-> object
5 = referent in the real world ? But what about extension of meaning
? Adjectives = qualities of something ? Grammatical function words e.g. ‘in' ‘on' ‘at'