研究生学术英语写作
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第二部分: 学术英语写作
第一单元: 学术写作的六个思虑因素
学术写作是多种思虑因素的产物：写作对象、写 作目的、组成结构、文体特征、表达连贯、宣讲
1.写作对象
要想写作成功，你需要了解读者对你的期盼是什 么以及之前读者对此主题知识的了解有多少
Key to Exercise A: P.109
Text 1 is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background
3. 组成结构
问题—解决方法模式的四部分： (1) 描述情况 (2) 甄别问题 (3) 描述解决方法 (4) 评估解决方法
Key to Exercise C: P.111
1—2句： 描述情况 3—4句： 甄别问题 5—6句： 描述解决方法
7句： 评估解决方法
4. 文体特征
学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词
如果写作对象对主题了解少于作者，作者的目的 是教育性的。反之，则是展示作者对主题的熟悉 性、专业性及知识性。
Keys to Exercise B: P.110
1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.
5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.
6. The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.
Key to Exercise G：P.113
1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.
3. The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen.
5. make up --- constitute
6. get rid of --- eliminate
7. gone up to --- reached
8. keep up
--- maintain
9. gone down --- decreased
10. looks over --- reviews
material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text 2 jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with. 2. 写作目的与策略
4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground
学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词
Key to Exercise D：P.111
1. brought on --- caused
2. looking into --- investigating
3. figure out --- determine
4. cቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱme up with --- develop
Key to Exercise E: P.112 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated
2) 名词与其它词性：选择较正规的选项
2. That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing and access to basic amenities.
unloading
3) 正规的语法风格 (1) 一般来讲避免使用略缩词 (2) 使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式 (3) 限制使用多个词连用的表达法 (4) 避免向读者说“你” (5) 使用直接引语时需谨慎 (6) 将副词放于动词词组内 (7) 考虑是否该使用割裂不定式 (8)目的是为了有效地使用词汇
写作中应使用更为正规的词汇
Key to Exercise F: P.112 1. an integral part of 2. nearly 3. considerable 4. obtained 5. increasing 6. intensified 7. have insufficient 8. rarely happen 9. enlarged to facilitate loading and
3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.
4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.
第一单元: 学术写作的六个思虑因素
学术写作是多种思虑因素的产物：写作对象、写 作目的、组成结构、文体特征、表达连贯、宣讲
1.写作对象
要想写作成功，你需要了解读者对你的期盼是什 么以及之前读者对此主题知识的了解有多少
Key to Exercise A: P.109
Text 1 is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background
3. 组成结构
问题—解决方法模式的四部分： (1) 描述情况 (2) 甄别问题 (3) 描述解决方法 (4) 评估解决方法
Key to Exercise C: P.111
1—2句： 描述情况 3—4句： 甄别问题 5—6句： 描述解决方法
7句： 评估解决方法
4. 文体特征
学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词
如果写作对象对主题了解少于作者，作者的目的 是教育性的。反之，则是展示作者对主题的熟悉 性、专业性及知识性。
Keys to Exercise B: P.110
1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.
5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.
6. The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.
Key to Exercise G：P.113
1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.
3. The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen.
5. make up --- constitute
6. get rid of --- eliminate
7. gone up to --- reached
8. keep up
--- maintain
9. gone down --- decreased
10. looks over --- reviews
material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text 2 jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with. 2. 写作目的与策略
4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground
学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词
Key to Exercise D：P.111
1. brought on --- caused
2. looking into --- investigating
3. figure out --- determine
4. cቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱme up with --- develop
Key to Exercise E: P.112 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated
2) 名词与其它词性：选择较正规的选项
2. That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing and access to basic amenities.
unloading
3) 正规的语法风格 (1) 一般来讲避免使用略缩词 (2) 使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式 (3) 限制使用多个词连用的表达法 (4) 避免向读者说“你” (5) 使用直接引语时需谨慎 (6) 将副词放于动词词组内 (7) 考虑是否该使用割裂不定式 (8)目的是为了有效地使用词汇
写作中应使用更为正规的词汇
Key to Exercise F: P.112 1. an integral part of 2. nearly 3. considerable 4. obtained 5. increasing 6. intensified 7. have insufficient 8. rarely happen 9. enlarged to facilitate loading and
3. To highlight a housing problem in Delhi, which also happens to be a common problem in other countries.
4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.