研究生学术英语写作
研究生学术英语6-9单元作文
研究生学术英语6-9单元作文Academic writing is a fundamental aspect of the research student experience, as it allows for the clear and concise communication of complex ideas and findings. In the context of research student academic English, units 6-9 focus on various elements of effective academic writing, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the effective incorporation of sources and citations.One of the key elements covered in these units is the structure and organization of a research paper. A well-structured paper can help to guide the reader through the author's argument and findings, making the content more accessible and easier to understand. Unit 6 explores the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. Students learn how to effectively structure each section to present their research in a logical and coherent manner.The introduction section is particularly important, as it sets the stage for the rest of the paper. In this section, the author must clearlyarticulate the research question or problem being addressed, provide relevant background information, and outline the scope and objectives of the study. Effective introductions are concise yet informative, and they help to engage the reader and pique their interest in the research.The literature review section is another crucial component of a research paper. In this section, the author must demonstrate their familiarity with the existing body of research on the topic and identify any gaps or limitations in the current understanding. This section requires the careful selection and synthesis of relevant sources, as well as the ability to critically analyze and evaluate the existing literature.The methodology section is where the author outlines the research methods and procedures used in the study. This section must be detailed and precise, providing the reader with a clear understanding of how the research was conducted and the rationale behind the chosen methods. Effective methodology sections also address any potential limitations or biases in the research design.The results section is where the author presents the findings of the study. This section must be organized in a clear and logical manner, with the use of appropriate visual aids such as tables and figures to help the reader understand the data. The author must also bemindful of the language and tone used in this section, ensuring that the presentation of the results is objective and impartial.Finally, the discussion section is where the author interprets the findings of the study and discusses their implications. This section requires the author to critically analyze the results, identify any limitations or alternative explanations, and situate the findings within the broader context of the existing literature. Effective discussion sections also suggest avenues for future research and highlight the practical or theoretical significance of the study.Throughout the research paper, the author must also be mindful of the language and tone used. Academic writing requires a formal and objective style, with the use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Unit 7 explores the use of academic language, including the use of precise and concise language, the avoidance of colloquialisms and contractions, and the appropriate use of passive voice and hedging language.The effective incorporation of sources and citations is another key element of academic writing. Unit 8 focuses on the use of in-text citations and reference lists, providing guidance on the appropriate use of different citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) and the effective integration of source material into the text. Proper citation and referencing not only demonstrate the author's familiarity withthe existing literature but also help to ensure the integrity and credibility of the research.Finally, unit 9 explores the importance of proofreading and editing in the academic writing process. Effective proofreading and editing can help to identify and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, as well as improve the overall clarity and coherence of the writing. This process is essential for ensuring that the final research paper is of the highest quality and effectively communicates the author's ideas and findings.In conclusion, the research student academic English units 6-9 provide a comprehensive overview of the key elements of effective academic writing. By mastering these skills, research students can develop the necessary competencies to produce high-quality research papers that effectively communicate their ideas and findings to the academic community. Through a focus on organization, language, citation, and proofreading, research students can enhance their academic writing abilities and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
理工类院校研究生学术英语写作教学模式的几点建议
理工类院校研究生学术英语写作教学模式的几点建议随着中国高等教育的发展，越来越多的学生选择进入理工类院校攻读研究生学位。
在这个过程中，学术英语写作能力的培养变得尤为重要。
本文将就理工类院校研究生学术英语写作教学模式提出几点建议。
一、注重学术英语写作基础知识的讲解在理工类院校，学术英语写作教学应该从基础知识入手。
教师应该讲解学术论文的结构、内容要求、语言风格等基础知识。
学生需要了解学术英语写作的特点，比如逻辑严谨、语言简练、用词准确等。
教师还应该讲解一些学术英语写作常见的错误，比如重复使用单词、句子结构过长等。
通过系统的基础知识讲解，可以帮助学生建立起扎实的学术英语写作基础，为后续的学习打下坚实的基础。
二、引入案例分析和实践操作理工类院校的学生通常更加注重实践性和应用性的学习方式。
在研究生学术英语写作教学中可以引入一些案例分析和实践操作环节。
教师可以选择一些真实的学术论文案例，让学生进行分析和讨论，了解书写规范和注意事项。
学生也可以通过模仿写作，提升学术英语写作能力。
还可以组织学术英语写作比赛，增强学生的写作积极性和主动性。
三、提供个性化写作指导每个学生的学术英语写作能力都存在一定的差异，有的学生可能对语法错误习惯性较多，有的可能在逻辑推理和段落衔接方面存在困难。
提供个性化写作指导是非常重要的。
在教学过程中，教师可以针对学生的具体问题进行针对性的指导，比如针对语法错误频发的学生进行语法课程的加强，针对逻辑推理困难的学生进行逻辑思维训练等。
通过个性化的指导，可以更好地帮助学生提升学术英语写作能力。
四、加强跨学科交叉融合在理工类院校，很多学生在攻读研究生学位的过程中，需要进行科研任务。
学术英语写作并不是一个孤立的技能，而是需要与学科知识结合的。
在学术英语写作教学中，可以加强跨学科交叉融合的教学方式。
比如在学术英语写作课程中引入一些科研任务，让学生在实践当中提升学术英语写作能力。
可以邀请其他学科的教师和学者参与学术英语写作课程，进行跨学科交流和互动。
学术综合英语作文研究生
学术综合英语作文研究生As graduate students, we are constantly exposed to academic research and are expected to produce high-quality papers. Writing in English poses an additional challenge for non-native speakers. Therefore, it is crucial for us to continuously improve our academic writing skills in order to communicate effectively and succeed in our studies.One important aspect of academic writing is clarity. It is essential to present our ideas in a clear and concise manner. This involves organizing our thoughts logically and using appropriate language. Sentences should be well-structured and free from grammatical errors. By using appropriate language, we can enhance the readability of our papers and better convey our message to the readers.Moreover, it is vital to support our arguments with reliable evidence. Citing relevant sources and acknowledging the work of others is a fundamental part of academic integrity. Referencing allows readers to verify the information presented and builds credibility for our writing. By demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic through the use of reputable sources, we can strengthen our arguments and contribute to the existing bodyof knowledge.In addition to clarity and supporting evidence, critical thinking is another important aspect of academic writing. As graduate students, we are expected to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize existing research to provide meaningful insights. This requires us to critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of variousarguments and to form our own opinions based on sound reasoning. By engaging in critical thinking, we can make valuable contributions to our respective fields of study and push the boundaries of knowledge.Furthermore, it is essential to properly structure our papers. A clear introduction that leads to a well-developed body and a concise conclusion is crucial for effective communication. The introduction should provide background information and clearly state the purpose of our research. The body should present a coherent and organized flow of ideas, supported by evidence. Finally, the conclusion should summarize our findings and highlight the implications of our research.Lastly, revising and proofreading are essential steps in the writing process. We should carefully review our papers to identify and correct any errors or inconsistencies. Revising allows us to refine our arguments and improve the overall flow of our writing. Proofreading helps to ensure that our papers are error-free and maintain their professionalism.In conclusion, as graduate students, it is imperative that we continuously strive to improve our academic writing skills. By focusing on clarity, supporting arguments with evidence, engaging in critical thinking, structuring our papers effectively, and thoroughly revising and proofreading our work, we can produce high-quality papers that demonstrate our expertise and contributeto the academic community.。
新时代研究生学术英语第四单元作文
新时代研究生学术英语第四单元作文In the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of higher education, the role of academic English has become increasingly significant. Especially for graduate students, proficiency in this language is not just a prerequisite for successful research but also a key to unlocking the doors of global opportunities. The fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" highlights the nuances and complexities of this language, emphasizing its application in various academic contexts.Firstly, the unit focuses on the evolving nature of academic English. With the advent of new technologies and the expansion of the global knowledge base, the language of academia is constantly evolving. Terms and concepts that were once niche or specific to a particular field are now becoming more mainstream, crossing disciplinary boundaries. This shift requires graduate students to be not just passive learners of language but active participants in its evolution.Secondly, the unit delves into the importance ofcritical thinking in academic writing. Academic English isnot just about grammar and vocabulary; it's about expressing ideas clearly, critically, and persuasively. Graduate students are expected to analyze complex issues, synthesize information from multiple sources, and present their findings in a coherent and logical manner. This requires a high level of critical thinking skills, which the unit helps develop through various exercises and assignments.Moreover, the unit emphasizes the role of cultural awareness in academic communication. Academic English is not just a language; it's a cultural construct. Understanding the cultural backgrounds and contexts of different academic communities is crucial for effective communication. Graduate students need to be aware of the nuances of academic writing in different cultures, from the choice of words to the structure of arguments.Lastly, the unit covers the practical application of academic English in research papers and presentations. It provides guidelines on how to structure a research paper, choose appropriate language, and present findings effectively. This is invaluable for graduate students whoare embarking on their research journeys and aim to publish their work in international journals or present their research at international conferences.In conclusion, the fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" provides a comprehensive and holistic approach to academic writing. It equips graduate students with the language skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness necessary for success in the global academic arena. By mastering these skills, graduatestudents can not only excel in their academic careers but also contribute to the evolving narrative of academic English in the new era.**新时代研究生学术英语的演变：研究生的视角**在高等教育快速变革和发展的世界中，学术英语的作用变得日益重要。
研究生英语写作注意事项
研究生英语写作注意事项作为研究生，英语写作是学术研究和交流中不可或缺的一部分。
要想写出优秀的英语文章，不仅需要扎实的语言基础，还需要注意许多细节和要点。
以下是一些在研究生英语写作中需要特别关注的事项。
一、明确写作目的和受众在开始写作之前，一定要明确自己的写作目的是什么，是为了阐述研究成果、论证观点，还是为了提交作业、发表论文？同时，要考虑文章的受众是谁，是专业领域的学者、同行，还是一般读者？明确这两点将有助于确定文章的内容、语言风格和结构。
如果是写给专业学者看的，那么语言可以相对专业和严谨，使用较多的专业术语和复杂的句子结构。
但如果是面向一般读者，就需要用更通俗易懂的语言来解释专业概念，避免使用过于晦涩的词汇和句子。
二、做好充分的准备工作1、收集资料在动笔之前，要广泛收集与写作主题相关的资料，包括书籍、期刊论文、研究报告等。
通过阅读这些资料，可以了解前人在该领域的研究成果，为自己的写作提供参考和启发。
2、拟定提纲三、注意语言的准确性1、词汇选择要使用准确、恰当的词汇来表达自己的意思。
避免使用模棱两可或含义不清的词汇，尽量选择具体、明确的词语。
同时，要注意词汇的搭配和用法，避免出现中式英语的错误。
2、语法正确语法错误会严重影响文章的质量和可读性。
要注意句子的主谓一致、时态、语态、词性等方面的问题。
可以通过多读多写来提高对语法的敏感度，也可以借助语法书籍和工具进行检查和纠正。
四、保证逻辑的清晰性1、段落结构每个段落都应该有一个明确的主题，并且围绕这个主题展开论述。
段落的开头通常是主题句，概括该段落的主要内容，随后的句子则是对主题句的支持和解释。
段落之间的过渡要自然流畅，使文章整体逻辑连贯。
2、论证方法在论证观点时，要使用合理的论证方法，如举例、对比、因果分析等。
论据要充分、可靠，能够有力地支持论点。
同时，要避免逻辑漏洞和自相矛盾的情况。
五、遵循学术规范1、引用和参考文献如果在文章中引用了他人的观点、数据或研究成果，一定要按照学术规范进行引用，并在参考文献中列出。
研究生学术英语写作
研究生学术英语写作研究生学术英语写作是一门针对研究生阶段学生开设的课程，旨在提高学生的英语写作能力，使其能够熟练运用英语进行学术研究和交流。
本文档将详细介绍该课程的教学内容、教学目标、教学难点与重点、教具与学具准备、教学过程、板书设计、作业设计以及课后反思及拓展延伸。
一、教学内容1. 学术英语写作的基本原则与技巧2. 学术论文的构思与组织3. 论文结构的合理安排4. 学术英语写作中的语法与句式运用5. 学术英语写作中的词汇选择与搭配6. 学术英语写作的修改与完善二、教学目标1. 使学生掌握学术英语写作的基本原则与技巧。
2. 培养学生独立构思与组织学术论文的能力。
3. 提高学生学术英语写作中的语法、句式运用能力。
4. 丰富学生的学术英语词汇，提高词汇搭配能力。
5. 培养学生对学术英语写作的修改与完善能力。
三、教学难点与重点1. 学术英语写作的基本原则与技巧。
2. 学术论文的构思与组织。
3. 学术英语写作中的语法与句式运用。
4. 学术英语写作中的词汇选择与搭配。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教材：研究生学术英语写作教材。
2. 投影仪：用于展示教材内容、例题和随堂练习。
3. 电脑：用于展示相关学术资料和网络资源。
4. 投影胶片：用于展示教材内容和例题。
5. 笔记本和笔：用于学生做笔记。
五、教学过程1. 引入：通过介绍一些成功的学术英语写作案例，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 讲解：详细讲解学术英语写作的基本原则与技巧，结合实际案例进行分析。
3. 练习：布置随堂练习，让学生运用所学知识进行实际操作。
4. 讨论：组织学生进行小组讨论，分享写作经验和心得。
5. 修改：让学生对彼此的作业进行互相修改，提高写作能力。
六、板书设计1. 学术英语写作基本原则与技巧。
2. 学术论文构思与组织步骤。
3. 学术英语写作中的语法与句式运用。
4. 学术英语写作中的词汇选择与搭配。
七、作业设计答案：（1）研究生学术研究的重要性；（2）学术英语写作在研究生教育中的作用；（3）如何提高学术英语写作能力。
研究生英语学术论文写作(考试大概)
Ⅰ. Goneup→increasedsetup→establishedPutupwith→toleratelookinginto→investigatingFigureout→determineputintopractice→implementComeupwith→developedmakeup→constituteGetridof→eliminatekeepup→maintainGonedown→decreasethinking→consideringⅡ.StructureofDataCommentaryDatacommentariesusuallyhastheseelementsinthefollowingorder.1.locationelementsand/orsummarystatements2.highlightingstatements3.discussionsofimplications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,orotherinterestingaspectsofthedata可能涉及到排序题，有例如下：①Acomputervirusisaprogramthatisspecificallyandmaliciouslydesignedtoattackaco mputersystem,destroyingdata.②Asbusinesshavebecomeinceasinglydependentoncomputers,e-mail,andtheInt ernet,concernoverthepotentialdestructivenessofsuchviruseshasalsogrow n.③TableXshowsthemostcommonsourcesofinfectionforU.S.businesses.④Ascanbeseen,inagreatmajorityofcases,theentrypointofthevirusinfection canbedetected,withe-mailattachmentsbeingresponsiblefornearly9outof10 viruses.⑤Thisveryhighpercentageisincreasinglyalarming,especiallysincewithacer tainamountofcautionsuchinfectionsarelargelypreventable.⑥Inconsequence,e-mailusersshouldbewaryofallattachments,eventhoesfroma trustedcolleagueoraknownsender.⑦Inaddition,allcomputersusedfore-mailneedtohaveacurrentversionofagood antivirusprogarmwhosevirusdefinitionsareupdatedregularly.⑧Whileitmaybepossibletolessenthelikelihoodofdownloadinganinfectedfile ,businessesarestillvulnerabletocomputervirusproblemsbecauseofhumaner rorandthethreatofnew,quicklyspreadingvirusesthatcannotbeidentifiedby antivvirussoftware.①②→Theoryandcommonbeliefs.③→Thestart④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要Aninformativeabstract,asitsnameimplies,summarizesthekeypointsinth eRP.Itisanoverviewthatbrieflystatethe purpose,methods,results and conclu tions withquantitativeinformation.信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。
研究生学术英语写作人文类
研究生学术英语写作在人文类领域是一项重要的能力，对于从事人文学科研究的研究生来说尤为重要。
本文将针对研究生学术英语写作人文类进行详细讨论。
人文类学术英语写作要注重语言表达的准确性和严谨性。
在写作过程中，要避免使用口语化的表达方式，而应采用正式的学术语言来进行表达。
同时，要严格控制语法和拼写错误，确保文章的准确性和规范性。
人文类学术英语写作要注重论证的逻辑性和连贯性。
在撰写论文时，要合理安排段落结构，确保每个段落的内容和主题一致。
同时，要运用适当的过渡词和连接词，使得文章的各个部分能够紧密连接，形成一个完整的逻辑链条。
不仅如此，人文类学术英语写作要注重论文的文献综述和批判性思维能力。
在撰写论文时，要进行广泛的文献阅读，并及时总结和引用相关文献。
同时，要运用批判性思维来分析和评价文献的观点，并结合自己的研究目的来进行深入探讨。
此外，人文类学术英语写作要注重结论的准确性和启示性。
在论文的结尾部分，要对研究的主要发现进行总结和归纳，并提出相应的启示和建议。
同时，要意识到自己研究的局限性，并提出可以进一步开展研究的方向。
研究生学术英语写作在人文类领域具有重要意义。
通过掌握正确的语言表达方式、合理的论证结构、综合文献综述和批判性思维能力以及准确的结论，研究生可以提高自己在人文学科研究中的学术水平和写作能力。
范文仅供参考，具体写作时可以根据自身研究方向和论文要求进行调整和补充。
希望本文对研究生在学术英语写作人文类方面提供一些帮助。
研究生英语(提高版)unit 8-14 学术写作
The thesis statement introduces several unrelated points, rather than the main points ofWriting
What is a summary? A brief review of a piece of written material. It should always be shorter than the original What kind of information should be in a summary? Main ideas, important supporting information Not include details or any personal information
Academic Writing
学术写作
2016-5-17
Unit Eight
Thesis Statements Writing
Introduction
A thesis is the main idea that you are trying to convey in your work. It states plainly what you are trying to persuade your reader to believe. Therefore, a thesis cannot be a simple statement of fact, because a statement of fact does not require persuasive argument.
Summary
Check list
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 1 Understanding Academic English
Unit 1 Understanding Academic EnglishObjectives:- Learn the purpose of this course- Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English- Build your learning ability via the Internet- Meet your teacher and new classmatesContents- Teacher’s introduction- Reading and discussion: How’s your voice?- Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity- Writing practice: understanding different styles- Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills- Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer.Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in.1.2 Reading PassageHOW’S YOUR VOICE?Casual VoiceHey, dude, no way you can sit here!Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks!Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?!www, we gotta cancel the Consultative VoiceYou’re not allowed to sit inthis area, because it’s asafety concern.I’m so glad for our team, thegreat Fighting Aardvarks,and now together wecelebrate this victory.I’d prefer not to have thisparticular vegetable again, ifit’s possible. Does anyonereally enjoy this combinationof mushrooms and broccoli?It’s possible that our partymight have to be postponedor canceled because of theAcademic VoiceThis area must be keptclear for foot traffic.The Fighting Aardvarksclaimed victory over theBlue Vampires in thefinal round tonight. Bothteams competed well andthe fans are enthusiastic.Very few people enjoythis broccoli andmushroom dish.Therefore, it will not beserved again within thiscalendar year, or theservers will be killed.Due to the inclementweather, the AnnualTattoo Party will notparty ‘cause it’s totally raining like crazy! Sweeeet! I love those Indiana Jones movies! They’re awesome with the whip and the bugs and stuff. Everyone loves those flicks!bad weather that’s threaten-ing our location.Indiana Jones films arereally very popular withyour age group. Critics can’tdecide why such an oldcharacter is so appealing.take place this Thursdayat Finster Park. Theplanning committee willreschedule the event andrelease information assoon as possible.Hollywood is perplexedat the reasons that Indi-ana Jones is so favoredby such youngaudiences. The answerremains a mystery.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Do you know in which situation these voices are appropriately used? And why?1.3.2 Read the passage carefully again and decide the differences among them.2Language Focus2.1 Word ChoiceAcademic voice can be well expressed by choosing words. Here are some words to acquire:Here are some words to avoid.2.1.1 Can you match the formal and informal words and phrases?2.2 Structural complexity‘Syntax’ is the technical word that is used to describe sentence structure. It is extremely important that well-arranged sentences carry an academic voice, whereas choppy, simple sentences sound oral and colloquial. Sentences that are too short and poorly connected can be irritating to read. Conversely, sentences that are too long and rambling are difficult to follow and are likely to be confusing. Use a sentence length that allows your thoughts to flow clearly. Rewrite the following sentences into a text with well-ordered sentences and structural complexity.A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It indicates the relationship between the elements. These elements connect. We often find the following thing. In only one single sentence a conjunction contains one or more ideas. These ideas may be equal or unequal in importance. Ideas are equal, and we call them coordinate ideas. For example, John studies electronics. Helen studies Computing. These two sentences can become a compound sentence. It shows the relationship between the two ideas. We want to maintain the equality of the ideas. We call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.3.Writing Practice3.1Understanding different stylesRead the following texts and decide where they come from.1At AT & Bell Laboratories infrared lasers are being used to capture live microbes. Working like optical tweezers, the pressure of the laser light traps minute objects in itsfocus point. Researchers are using the device to move around viruses bacteria, and other cells they are study under the microscope. After several hours, however, the focus light will heat up the microbes to a boiling point.____________________________________________________________________ 2All we ask is that you spend two hours of your time attending a Barratt Sales presentation. There, you’ll discover the ben efits of timeshare. At Barratt we call it Holiday Ownership because that’s why it really is. You’ll be under no obligation to purchase, but we think you may be tempted._____________________________________________________________________ 3There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea.4Although many studies have already been done, more studies are needed to determine the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in various teaching situations.____________________________________________________________________ 5The parents of a seven-year-old Australian boy woke to find a giant python crushing and trying to swallow him. The incident occurred in Cairns, Queensland and the boy’s mother, Mrs. Dryden said: “it was like a horror movie. It was a hot night. He suddenly started screaming. We rushed to the bedroom to find a huge snake trying to strangle him. ” Mrs. Dryden and her husband, Peter, tried to stab the creature with knives, but the python bit the boy several times before escaping.____________________________________________________________________3.2. Choosing appropriate stylesNow you are going to write an essay in class for your teacher’s assignments. Which of the following sentences you would like to use for your writing?1. He couldn’t finish his work in the time given.2. The first set of results were compiled and presented by the other group of students.3. I would like to focus on the following areas of research: …4. They argued that this methodology was unreliable.5. In addition, the data was used to focus on the following hypothesis.6. I enjoyed my English class with you and am having a good experience this semester.7. At about twelve pm on August 21, 1984, she told us, I came out of the kitchen to toss out some water.8. We, at any rate, will continue to keep an open mind.9. Is the menu at that the French restaurant giving you trouble? Then you might need the V oice, a hand-held computer that translates spoken English into French, Spanish, German or Italian.10. There is an emerging consensus that a concerted effort on a national level will be required to capture the glittering prizes that a new technology offers.3.3. Rewriting PracticeRewrite the following passage into an academic one.Why are there so many jams on the roads these days? One thing is that public transportation like trains, buses, etc., is so dear. A long time ago cars cost a lot but now, unfortunately, they’ve got a lot cheaper. Another thing is that driving is a lot nicer than waiting for a bus. The trouble is that if everyone buys a car the roads get packed.4Writing ProjectThe following is a checklist for writing in academic English. It is not complete. Use the Internet, books, textbooks and lecturers' expertise to find out what other conventions could be applied to using academic English. And make a list of these conventions and keep this for future reference.Writing academic English● Use academic voice● Write with structural complexity● Avoid casual style● Distinguish formal and informal words and phrases●…5. Final Checklist。
研究生都写什么英语作文
研究生都写什么英语作文在研究生阶段，学生需要撰写各种类型的英语作文，涵盖了不同主题和内容。
以下是一些研究生常见的英语作文类型：1. 论文或学术论文（Thesis or Academic Paper）：这是研究生写作的核心部分，旨在展示他们在特定领域的研究成果和学术能力。
2. 文献综述（Literature Review）：这种类型的作文旨在总结研究领域内已有的相关文献资源，可以帮助人们了解当前研究状况，指导他们的研究方向。
3. 报告（Report）：研究生通常需要撰写实验室实验报告、实地调研报告或会议报告，以总结他们的研究结果、发现和建议。
4. 学术演讲（Academic Presentation）：研究生们通常会参加学术会议并进行演讲，他们要写一篇演讲稿，以系统地介绍自己的研究内容，并回答听众的问题。
5. 个人陈述（Personal Statement）：这是申请研究生学位或学者奖学金时所要求提交的作文，用于论述申请者的研究兴趣、动机和适应能力。
6. 研究计划（Research Proposal）：研究生们需要写一份研究计划来说明他们打算研究的问题、研究方法和预期结果。
7. 辩论文（Argumentative Essay）：研究生们经常需要探讨和解决争议性问题，并通过论证和辩论来提出自己的观点。
8. 毕业论文（Dissertation）：这是研究生阶段的最终作品，通常是一个更全面、深入的研究成果，要求证明研究者在特定领域的专业知识和研究能力。
这些作文类型都要求研究生们展示他们的研究能力、学术素养和批判性思维。
在写作过程中，他们应该注意避免使用与标题相同的文字，以确保作文的全面性和独立性。
研究生学术英语写作练习题
研究生学术英语写作练习题Academic Writing Exercise for Graduate StudentsIntroduction引言Effective academic writing is an essential skill for graduate students as it allows them to communicate their research findings and ideas to a larger audience. In this exercise, we will explore various aspects of academic writing, including structure, language usage, and referencing. Through these practice exercises, graduate students can further enhance their academic English writing skills and produce high-quality research papers.1. Structure and Organization结构与组织The structure and organization of an academic paper play a crucial role in presenting research effectively. To achieve coherence and clarity, a typical research paper consists of the following sections:1.1 Introduction1.1 引言The introduction establishes the context and purpose of the study, providing background information, stating the research question or hypothesis, and outlining the significance of the research. It should be concise yet engaging, capturing the reader's interest and motivating them to continue reading.1.2 Literature Review1.2 文献综述The literature review evaluates existing research and scholarship related to the topic. It demonstrates the writer's understanding of the research field, identifies research gaps, and frames the research problem. The literature review should be well-organized, critically analyzing and synthesizing relevant sources to support the research.1.3 Methodology1.3 方法The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed in the study. It should provide sufficient details to allow readers to replicate the study if desired. Clear and concise explanations of the chosen methodology enable readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research.1.4 Results1.4 结果The results section presents the findings of the research. It should be presented objectively, using appropriate statistical analyses, tables, and figures to convey the results effectively. The results should be stated clearly and be relevant to the research question or hypothesis.1.5 Discussion1.5 讨论The discussion interprets and explains the results, relating them to existing knowledge and theoretical frameworks. It should address the research question or hypothesis and, if applicable, compare the findings with previous studies. The discussion should be analytical, providing insights into the implications and limitations of the research.1.6 Conclusion1.6 结论The conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications. It should restate the research question or hypothesis and highlight the contributions of the study to the research field. Concise and informative, the conclusion provides closure to the research paper.2. Language Usage语言运用2.1 Clarity and Precision2.1 清晰和准确Academic writing necessitates clear and precise language. To enhance clarity, use concise and specific language rather than vague or ambiguous expressions. Avoid using unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers. Furthermore, make sure to define and explain any specialized terminology used in the paper.2.2 Formal Tone and Style2.2 正式语调和风格Maintain a formal tone and style throughout the paper. Avoid colloquial language, contractions, and personal pronouns. Instead, use objective language and present ideas in a scholarly manner. Maintain a consistent voice and ensure the use of appropriate verb tenses to accurately convey information.2.3 Cohesion and Coherence2.3 连贯性和一致性To achieve cohesion and coherence, use appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas and paragraphs. Clear topic sentences should introduce each paragraph, and logical transitions should guide the reader smoothly through the text. Additionally, use appropriate referencing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and avoid plagiarism.3. Referencing引用3.1 Citation Styles3.1 引用风格Different academic disciplines adopt specific citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style. Students should familiarize themselves with the appropriate citation style for their research field and consistently apply it throughout the paper. Accurate and consistent referencing allows readers to locate the cited sources and verify the information.3.2 In-text Citations3.2 文中引用In-text citations are crucial for academic integrity and acknowledging the ideas of other researchers. When referring to an author's work or ideas, include the author's name, year of publication, and page number (if applicable) within the text. Use quotation marks for direct quotes and paraphrase or summarize information from other sources.3.3 Reference List3.3 参考文献列表At the end of the research paper, include a reference list that provides complete bibliographical details for all the sources cited in the text. Arrange the references alphabetically by the author's last name. Ensure the accuracy and consistency of the reference list by adhering to the specific citation style guidelines.Conclusion结论Mastering academic writing is a fundamental skill for graduate students. By understanding the structure, language usage, and referencing conventions of academic writing, students can produce well-organized, coherent, and impactful research papers. Through continuous practice and attention to detail, graduate students can enhance their academic English writing skills and effectively communicate their research findings to the academic community.。
研究生优秀英语作文
研究生优秀英语作文As a graduate student, I have written numerous essays throughout my academic career. However, one essay in particular stands out to me as my best work. It was an essay on the impact of technology on society, and it received high praise from my professor and peers.In my essay, I explored the ways in which technology has transformed our world, both positively and negatively.I discussed the benefits of technology, such as increased communication and efficiency, but also the drawbacks, such as addiction and the erosion of privacy.To support my arguments, I conducted extensive research and cited numerous sources. I also used personal anecdotes and observations to make my essay more relatable and engaging.One of the key factors that made this essay stand out was my attention to detail and organization. I carefullycrafted each sentence and paragraph to flow logically and cohesively. I also used transitional phrases to connect ideas and create a smooth reading experience.Another strength of my essay was my use of language. I employed a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to keep the reader interested and engaged. I also paid close attention to grammar and punctuation to ensure that my writing was clear and concise.Overall, I believe that my essay on the impact of technology on society is my best work as a graduate student. It showcases my research skills, writing ability, and attention to detail. I am proud of this essay and hope to continue producing high-quality work in the future.。
研究生学术英语写作第一部分
Six Considerations
Audience Purpose & Strategy
General-Specific
Organization
2 underlying structures
Problem-Process-Solution Problem Solution Evaluation
Situation Single Verbs
caused investigating determine develop constitute eliminate reached maintain decreased reviews
Key to Exercise: P.8 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated
2) this + 总结性词汇
Key to Exercise: P.15 1. b. d. 2. a. 3. d. Key to Exercise: P.15 1. view 2. finding 3. problem 4. process 5. disruption 6. situation 7. method / approach 8. conclusion 9. phenomenon 10. trend / tendency
Six Considerations
• • • • • • Audience （对象） Purpose and strategy（目的与策略） Organization（组织结构） Style（文体特征） Flow（表达连贯） Presentation（论文宣讲）
最新研究生学术英语写作教程Unit-4-Key
第四单元参考答案1.1 Pre-reading Qs:1) The method section is the most important aspect of a research paper because itprovides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged.Therefore, the researcher must provide a clear and precise description of how an experiment is to be carried out, and the rationale for the specific experimental procedures chosen. It must be written with enough information so that: (1) the experiment could be repeated by others to evaluate whether the results are reproducible, and (2) the readers can judge whether the results and conclusions are valid.2)overview of the research / experiment, population / subjects, research location,materials, procedure, variables, sampling techniques, statistical treatment, possible restrictions3)When describing actions and situations that happened in the past, or telling astory and expressing actions that follow each other in a story, we normally use the simple past tense. Different tenses can be used depending on reference to the past or recurring present events. To sum up, the majority of verbs are in the past; other forms can also be used if there is a good reason for doing so. Active voice means that if the subject of a sentence performs the action, then the verb used to express this meaning is active. If the subject receives the action of the verb, then the verb is passive. Passive voice is normally used if the agent is arbitrary, not known, or not important, and sometimes “by …”is omitted. In this reading passage, a past passive structure is predominant.1.3.2·Students’ questionnaire include d five sections with 23 questions:1) demographic information2)importance of English in college and professional careers3)perceived language skill needs and problems4)the activities needed in a freshman language course, and5)suggestions for development of course content and materials as well asdemographic information.·The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which are parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research aim:A Study of perceptions of English Needs in a Medical Context Questionnaire One: The questionnaire given to the medical students consisted of five sections with 23 questions, the topics of which were importance of English in college and professional careers, perceived language skill needs and problems, activities needed in a freshman language course, and suggestions for development of course content and materials as well as demographic information.Questionnaire Two: The faculty questionnaire consisted of four sections with l6 questions, which were parallel to those in the version given to the students except that no demographic information was gathered.Research restrictions:The questionnaires were piloted, and modified according to the feedback from l0 respondents: six medical students and four faculty members.One of the authors, a faculty member at Chung Shan Medical College, selected one required class for each group of students (freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors). (The population size is not big enough and the sampling technique is not so clear.)2.1.12.1.2 A poison ivy infection is considered by some to be humorous. But it is not funny at all. A rash that has the intensity of a fresh mosquito bite and lasts for several days is caused by contact with the plant. Poison ivy infection has been studied by scientists for centuries, but no preventive pill or inoculation has been found. The poisonous substance in the plant is called urushiol. After the skin is touched by urushiol, the exposed area will soon be covered by blisters and weeping sores.2.2: The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequentialwords and rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.3.1 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections fromdifferent research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects2. material3. procedure4.overview5. statistical treatment6. procedure and material7. sampling8. research location3.2 Completing sentences1) The questionnaire was administered.2) completed the questionnaire.3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 2.4) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old.5) the year of working experience was six on the average.3.3Reordering sentences1c 2 e 3 d 4 f 5g 6 b 7 I 8 a 9h3.4 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll languagebackgrounds represented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what they are intended to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect for only 1year. (Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.5 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine students’preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male students and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for the males and the other for the females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one with artificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from eachcup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.4. Writing Project(Omitted)。
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》参考答案
课前准备 【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。 1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为 The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词 your 用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不 适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。如果要改进这个标题， 可以表达为 Methods of Improving Colleg The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School 解答该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study 等多余。可以改进为 Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand 等。 3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children 【解答】该标题大小写有误；new 的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的 opportunity，否则就没有什么 new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是 to 用得不对。可以改进为 Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions 等。 4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au 【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。可以修改为 Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au 等。 5) The identification of PCV2 Gene 【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为 How to identify PCV2 Gene?或 Identifying PCV2 Gene 等。 6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys 【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。应当修改为 Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys 等。 7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time 【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但 recover 的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词 the 可以省 略。修改为 Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time 或 Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time 等。 8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space 【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。可以把 the 省略。 9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics. 【解答】这个标题中的 research 这个词是多余的，而末尾的句点则是一个严重标题错误。应当修改为 Assessment of student’s achievement in mathematics 或 Assessment of Student’s Achievement in Mathematics 等。 10) the diet problem in China 【解答】这个标题大小写不规范，冠词多余，话题太大、太泛，不像学术论文标题。可以修改为 Causes of the diet problem in China 或 Causes of the Diet Problem in China 等。
研究生学术论文英文写作技巧
研究生学术论文英文写作技巧Research Paper Writing Techniques for Graduate StudentsAs graduate students, it is essential for us to develop strong skills in academic writing, particularly when it comes to writing research papers. Not only does effective writing contribute to our success in our academic endeavors, but it also plays a crucial role in our future careers as scholars. Therefore, in this article, we will explore some useful techniques in academic writing for graduate students, with a specific focus on English language papers.1. Understanding the Research Paper StructureA well-structured research paper is the foundation of effective academic writing. It is crucial to familiarize ourselves with the typical structure of a research paper, which includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose and must be carefully written to ensure clarity and coherence.2. Developing a Clear Thesis StatementAt the core of any research paper lies a well-defined thesis statement. A thesis statement outlines the main argument or purpose of the paper and guides the entire writing process. It should be concise, specific, and capable of being supported by evidence. To create a strong thesis statement, one must thoroughly understand the research topic and formulate an original perspective.3. Conducting Thorough Literature ReviewsA comprehensive literature review is essential for situating our research within the existing academic discourse. It involves examining relevant scholarly articles, books, and other sources to identify gaps, controversies, and trends in the chosen field. A well-conducted literature review not only demonstrates our knowledge of the subject but also helps us develop a solid theoretical framework for our research.4. Utilizing Academic Language and VocabularyFluency in academic English is crucial for conveying our ideas effectively. It is important to use appropriate academic language and vocabulary, as well as maintain a formal and objective tone throughout the paper. Avoiding excessive jargon and providing clear explanations of technical terms ensures that our research is accessible to a broader audience.5. Organizing Ideas and Developing Coherent ArgumentsA well-organized research paper presents ideas in a logical and coherent manner. To achieve this, it is advisable to create an outline before starting the actual writing process. The outline allows us to structure our thoughts, identify the main points, and ensure a smooth flow of ideas. Each paragraph should be focused and contribute to the overall argument of the paper.6. Properly Integrating and Citing SourcesAccurate and consistent citation is crucial to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism. Familiarize yourself with the citation style required by your institution or discipline, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Whenever we use information or ideas from external sources, be it direct quotations orparaphrased content, it is important to provide proper in-text citations and include the full reference in the bibliography or reference list.7. Editing and ProofreadingThe final step in research paper writing is editing and proofreading. A well-edited paper demonstrates professionalism and ensures that our ideas are conveyed clearly. It is important to carefully review the paper for grammatical errors, sentence structure, clarity, and coherence. Peer feedback and consultations with faculty members can be extremely helpful in identifying areas for improvement.In conclusion, mastering the art of academic writing is crucial for graduate students, and it requires time, practice, and attention to detail. By familiarizing ourselves with the structure of research papers, developing clear thesis statements, conducting thorough literature reviews, utilizing academic language, organizing ideas coherently, properly citing sources, and engaging in meticulous editing and proofreading, we can enhance the quality and impact of our research papers. These techniques not only contribute to our success as graduate students but also lay the foundation for our future careers in academia.。
研究生学术英语作文
研究生学术英语作文研究生学术英语作文Statement:Grades encourage students to learn.In my opinion,grades encourage students to learn before they go into college.But it will not be this after going into college.Especially speaking, the background of Chinese education is unique because of high school students huddle together to cross the single-plank bridge-----college entrance examination.Before taking part in the examination, students spent almost all the time in preparing the examination.One more grade means that they have a bigger probability to be admitted to the college they wish for. So grades make hope to encourage students to learn.After stepping into the college campus , the students throw away the fierce pressure upon on them. They don’t need to get high grades.Because they could acquire the degree as long as they can be passman. They believe they are the most lucky guys in the world. Only when it is time for the college entrance examination every year can they recall the hard study carrer among which they fight for higher and higher grade. In college, grades can just encourage students to be careful enough thus they could pass the exam constrainedly. So grades can’t encourage students to learn in college.Generally speaking, in China students which haven’t gone to college are very stressful. However, the undergraduate don’t want to learn as they did before. They are puzzled about pursuing for the proper life road. At last I must emphasize that parents, teachers and society should leave space for the students to let them think over what they want to learn and why they shouldlearn and how they will serve the society by the knowledge they have learnt.第二篇：研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 3 key 4100字研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 3 keyUnit 3Keys for 1.3.11.3.2 Decide how many elements this sample includes and how they function.2.1.1 Check the reviewing section of sample Introduction and complete the following table.2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.A study by Williams (2011) reports that percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high, resulting in severe social problems. The findings are supported by Holmes (2011) who further states that there are more and more at the link between unemployment, poverty and crime. And the unmistakable characteristic of poverty and crime is that they’re both geographically concentrated in the same areas. This opinion is theoretically explained from an economic perspective of crime that people weigh the consequences of committing crime. They resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained (Garland, 2012).Although both these studies focus on the close relation between poverty and crime, they have ignored … according to Leach and Mearns (2012).3.1 Using referencesInformation prominent citationAmong the six areas regarding the poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day, sub-Saharan Africa constituted the biggest ratio up to almost 50% of the population. (World Bank, 2012) Author prominent citationThe World Bank (2012) stated that South Asia ranked the second in the chart regarding poverty ratio at $1.25 a day among six areas in the world.Weak author prominent citationAs a report from the World Bank (2012) indicated, the top two areas of poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day were sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, with a population of almost 50 percent and 37 percent respectively.3.2 Relating literature to your researchWhat questions does this literature review answer?(Key: This literature offers a summary of p r e v i o u s r e s e a r c h , s o i t s i m p l y t e l l s t h e r e a d e r w h a t w a s d i s c o v e r e d i n p r e v i o u s r e s e a r c h . ) / p > p > W h a t q u e s t i o n s d o e s n &# 3 9 ; t i t a n s w e r ? / p > p > ( K e y :I t d o e s n &# 3 9 ; t e v a l u a t e t h e r e s e a r c h i t s u m ma r i z e s , n o r d o e s i t s h o w t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p sb e t w e e n t h e d i f f e r e n t t h e o r i e s , v i e w s a n d a p p r o ac h e s i tde s c r i b e s . ) / p > p > W h i c h m e t h o d h a s t h e w r i t e r u s e d t o o r g a n i z e t h e l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w ? / p > p > ( K e y : T h e w r i t e r h a s o r g a n i z e d t h i s l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w a r o u n d t h e r e s e a r c h e r s , a n d h a s p r e s e n t e d i t c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y ( a r r a n g i ng t h e w o r k b y w h e n i t w a s p u b l i s h e d ) . N o t i c e th a t b y o r g a n i z i n g i t a r o u n d t h e r e s e a r c h e r s ( th e s u m m a r i e s a r e l i s t e d a f t e r t h e n a m e s o f t h e p e o p l e w h o d i d t h e r e s e a r c h ) a n d n o t a r o u n d th e r e s e a r c h ( e . g . a r o u n d k e y c o n c e p t s ) t h e w ri t e r e m p h a s i z e s t h e p e o p l e a n d n o t t h e i r w o r k . ) / p > p > I s i t a g o o d l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w ? W h y ? / p > p > ( K e y : W e d o n &# 3 9 ; t b e l i e v e t h a t i t i s a g o o d l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w . I t o n l y g i v e s a s u m m a r y o f p r e v i o u s r e s e a r c h b u t i t d o e s n o t u s e t h e l i te r a t u r e t o e x p l a i n m o r e a b o u t t h e w r i t e r &# 39 ; s o w n r e s e a r c h p r o b l e m . A l s o , i t i s n o t c r i t i ca l : a f t e r w e r e a d i t w e s t i l l d o n o t k n o w w h i c h t h e o r i e s o r f i n d i n g s a r e i m p o r t a n t , w h i c h a r e i n c o n c l u s i v e , w h a t t h e s h o r t c o m i n g s a r e , e t c . / p > p > T h e m a i n p r ob l e m w i t h t h i s l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w i s t h a t i t d o e s n o t s h o w h o w p r e v i o u s r e s e a rc h r e l a t e s t o t h e w r i t e r &# 3 9 ; s o w n r e s e a r c h p r o b l e m , o r t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e nd i f fe r e n t r e s e a r c h e s a l r e a d y c a r r i e d o u t . G i v e n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n t h e w r i t e r h a s u s e d , t h i s l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w c o u l d n o t b e ef f e c t i v e l i t e r a t u r e r e v i e w b e c a u s e t h e r e i s l i t t l e s c o p e f o r s h o w i ng r e l a t i o n shi p s , d r a w i n g c o m p a r i s o n s , o r m a k i n g e v a l u a t i o n s . ) / p > p > 3 . 3 A v o i d i n g p l a g i a r i s m / p > p > T h e l a s t s e n t e n c e i n V e r s i o n 2 s o u n d s l i k e t h e i d e a o f t h e w r i t e r o f t h e p a r a g r a p h , b u t w e k n o w f r o m V e r s i o n 1 t h a t i t w a s o r i g i n a l l y t h e i d e a o f R u s s e l l a n d F i l l e r y ( 1 9 9 6 ) . B e c a u s e t h e r e i s n o g r a m m a t i c a l l i n k b e t w e e n t h e t w o s e n t e n c e s , t h e r e f e r e n c e i n t h e f i r s t s e n t e n c e d o e s n o t a p p l y t o t h e s e c o n d s e n t e n c e . N ot e i n V e r s i o n 1 t h a t t h e a u t h o r s u s e d b o t h a g r a m m a t i c a l l i n k ( t h e y ) a n d a t e n s e m a r k e r ( t h e p a s t t e n s e w a s n o t a d a p t a b l e ) t o i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e i d e a c a m e f r o m t h e c i t e d w o r k . / p > b > f o n t s t y l e = " b a c k g r o u n d : # 9 9 9 9 9 9 ; c o l o r : w h i t e " >。
研究生英语应用文作文
研究生英语应用文作文Dear Professor,I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the possibility of joining your research lab as a graduate student. I am particularly interested in your ongoing research on sustainable energy solutions and their impact on the environment.I recently completed my undergraduate studies in Environmental Science, where I developed a strong foundation in renewable energy technologies. Through my coursework and independent research, I have gained an in-depth understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to sustainable energy. Moreover, my recent internship at a leading renewable energy company allowed me to apply my knowledge to real-world projects, furthering my passion for this field.Throughout my academic journey, I have consistently demonstrated my ability to work effectively in research settings. I have actively engaged in various research projects and have honed my skills in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. My experience includes conducting field studies assessing the performance of solar panel systems, as well as conducting laboratory experiments to analyze the efficiency of different types of wind turbines.Furthermore, I am highly proficient in using software and programs necessary for data analysis, such as MATLAB and Python. I am confident that my technical skills, combined with my enthusiasm for sustainable energy research, would make me avaluable addition to your team.I am particularly drawn to your lab due to its interdisciplinary approach, which aligns with my own research interests. I believe that collaboration across disciplines is crucial for addressing the complex challenges of sustainable energy. Your lab's focus on integrating engineering, environmental science, and policy aspects of renewable energy perfectly aligns with the holistic approach I am passionate about.If given the opportunity to join your lab, I am confident that I will make significant contributions to ongoing projects and further the collective knowledge in sustainable energy research. Moreover, I am eager to learn from your expertise and contribute to the lab's collaborative and research-driven environment.Thank you for considering my application. I have attached my resume and academic transcripts for your reference. I look forward to the possibility of further discussing my qualifications and how I can contribute to your research endeavors.Sincerely,[Your Name]。
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第一单元: 学术写作的六个思虑因素
学术写作是多种思虑因素的产物：写作对象、写 作目的、组成结构、文体特征、表达连贯、宣讲
1.写作对象
要想写作成功，你需要了解读者对你的期盼是什 么以及之前读者对此主题知识的了解有多少
Key to Exercise A: P.109
Text 1 is targeting an educated, but not highly specialized audience; while Text B is directed at experts. Text A provides quite a lot of background
5. This effort refers to the argument that there is a need for governmental policies to address the problem.
6. The author believes that it may help to alleviate some of the housing problem.
material and is careful to avoid too much technical vocabulary. Text 2 jumps right into the topic and employs quite a lot of technical terminology that most of us are not familiar with. 2. 写作目的与策略
unloading
3) 正规的语法风格 (1) 一般来讲避免使用略缩词 (2) 使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式 (3) 限制使用多个词连用的表达法 (4) 避免向读者说“你” (5) 使用直接引语时需谨慎 (6) 将副词放于动词词组内 (7) 考虑是否该使用割裂不定式 (8)目的是为了有效地使用词汇
学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词
Key to Exercise D：P.111
1. brought on --- caused
2. looking into --- investigating
3. figure out --- determine
4. come up with --- develop
2. That the readers have some notion of what an unauthorized settlement is and the kind of amenities they lack; perhaps also that the readers understand the relationship among the government, policies on housing and access to basic amenities.
Key to Exercise E: P.112 1. created / developed 2. encountered / faced 3. raised / introduced 4. appeared / emerged 5. examined / investigated
2) 名词与其它词性：选择较正规的选项
如果写作对象对主题了解少于作者，作者的目的 是教育性的。反之，则是展示作者对主题的熟悉 性、专业性及知识性。
Keys to Exercise B: P.110
1. Generally educated and familiar with the topic, but not highly specialized.
3. 组成结构
问题—解决方法模式的四部分： (1) 描述情况 (2) 甄别问题 (3) 描述解决方法 (4) 评估解决方法
Key to Exercise C: P.111
1—2句： 描述情况 3—4句： 甄别问题 5—6句： 描述解决方法
7句： 评估解决方法
4. 文体特征
学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词
Key to Exercise G：P.113
1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.
3. The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen.
5. make up --- constitute
6. get rid of --- eliminate
7. gone up to --- reached
8. keep up
--- maintain
9. gone down --- decreased
10. looks over --- reviews
3. To highlight a houh also happens to be a common problem in other countries.
4. The author uses the word challenge to introduce the problem.
写作中应使用更为正规的词汇
Key to Exercise F: P.112 1. an integral part of 2. nearly 3. considerable 4. obtained 5. increasing 6. intensified 7. have insufficient 8. rarely happen 9. enlarged to facilitate loading and
4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground