皮带式抽油机结构设计

皮带式抽油机结构设计

1 前言

1.1 课题的研究意义

当今社会，对资源的渴求越来越强烈，特别是像石油天然气等化石燃料消耗越来越多，如何更有效地利用这些资源，更有效地利用和开采地下资源关系到人类的生存与发展。

2004年估计世界的总储存藏量为1717亿吨，同一年英国石油公司估计大约为1566亿吨。《科学》杂志却估计世界石油的总储藏量大约为3兆桶。今天已经确定的使用量和正在开采的石油储量却相对正在增长，2004年数据迄今为止统计最高的。因为近几年的勘探和开采没达到要求，东亚、中东和南美洲总储量下降了不少，而非洲大陆和欧洲地区的总储量却有所上升。有人预测当今的石油储量还能应用五十年。但是以前也有过相似的预测，而不过这个预测却没有成为现实，所以这个50被人们戏称作石油常数。2003年统计最大的石油储量地区在沙特阿拉伯(大约有2627亿桶)、伊朗(约有1307亿桶)和伊拉克(大约1150亿桶)，其后为科威特，委内瑞拉，阿联酋等。

很多专家认为在21世纪初时人类开采石油的将达到哈伯特的顶点，这时的开采量将会达到顶峰，以后的开采量将不会再继续提高，由于是有的供给不能满足世界石油的需要，油价必然会长高。

因此，很多国家都有短期的储存量来防止以后突然地石油供不应求所产生的危机。欧盟国家要求必须有90天的石油储量。

开采的状态

石油开采的国家现在为止人类大约开采了0.9M桶的石油。大多的数储量是在60年代发现的。

表1.1

最大的石油开采国最大石油输出国

沙特阿拉伯(OPEC)—1037万桶每日沙特阿拉伯(OPEC)

俄罗斯1—927万桶每日俄罗斯

美国1—869万桶每日挪威

伊朗(OPEC)—409万桶每日伊朗(OPEC)

墨西哥1—383万桶每日阿联酋(OPEC)

中国1—362万桶每日委内瑞拉(OPEC)

挪威1—318万桶每日科威特(OPEC)

加拿大1—314万桶每日尼日利亚(OPEC) their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain

profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business

road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the

integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and

approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.

委内瑞拉(OPEC)1—286万桶每日墨西哥

阿联酋(OPEC)—276万桶每日阿尔及利亚(OPEC)

科威特(OPEC)—251万桶每日利比亚(OPEC)