自考英语教学法知识点总结
自考小学英语教学方法专项复习题整理
自考小学英语教学方法专项复习题整理天空吸引你展翅飞翔，海洋召唤你扬帆启航，高山激励你奋勇攀登，平原等待你信马由缰……出发吧，愿你前程无量,考入理想院校！以下是小编为大家整理的自考小学英语教学方法专项复习题整理，供您查阅。
【文章一：填空】的特点是重视培养和激发学生学习英语的深厚兴趣，在教学活动中要有和谐的语言教学氛围，要重视学生基本技能和学习习惯的培养。
3、基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
4、《英语新课程标准》提出学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。
5、语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。
情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素，学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。
6、教学是教师的教和学生的学的统一活动。
就英语教学而言，教学的实质就是一种特殊的认识过程。
英语教学过程就是生生之间和师生之间的共同参与、合作、交流的活动过程。
7、学生认识的客体是英语，教师认识的客体是教学规律。
教学双方都为对方提供信息，英语就是为了促进交流。
8、教学的最终任务是培养学习者的交际能力。
9、交际性原则提出的主要依据有三点：第一，语言是表达意义的体系;第二，语言的主要功能是交际功能;第三，语言的主要单位不仅是语法、结构特征，还包括功能范畴。
10、情景教学的原则提出的主要依据有三点：第一小学生的心理和年龄特点;第二，语言的习得规律;第三，小学生的学习规律。
11、语言教学的内容包括语言知识和语言技能两个方面12、体态语是指说话时的表情、手势、动作等。
13、在教学中写有两方面的含义：一是书写，二是写作。
14、良好的课堂气氛是搞好课堂教学，保证教学质量的关键。
15、备课的主要任务是熟悉教材、写出具体教案、确定课时教学目标、教学方法、板书计划、课内练习题等。
16、教学效果不取决于教师,也不取决于学生,而是双方共同活动的结果.17、小学英语教学的原则包括：交际性原则、听说的原则、情境教学原则和趣味性原则。
英语教学法考试重点（1）
英语教学法考试重点（1）Views on language learning and learning in general(1)Behaviorist theory Eg;you can train an animal to do anything if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages,stimulus,response,and reinforcement(2)Cognitive theory\(3)Constructive theory(4)Socio-constructivist theory Eg:learning is the best achieved through the dynamics interactions between the teacher and the learners.What makes a good teacher?(1)ethic devotion(2)Professional qualities(3)Personal stylesHow can one become a good language teacher?(1)the development of professional competence (most difficult)(2)A specific range od skills strategies,,knowledges and ability(3)Have a sound command of English(4)Learning practice and reflection.learning from others experience.leaning the received knowledge leaning from one’s own experience as a learner.Language use in real life VS traditional pedagogy(1)in real life,language is used to perform certain communicative functions. Eg: to give directions,to exchange information or to make a complaint. In traditional language classroom,the teaching focus is often on forms rather than functions.(2)For various reasons,traditional pedagogy tends to focus on two language skills and ignore the others. Eg:the grammar-translation methos emphasized on reading and writing skills and virtuallyignored listening speaking skills.(3)In reality language is always used in a certain context,but traditional pedagogy tends to isolated language from its context. Eg:when the English passive voice is introduced,the teacher always focuses on the explanation of how the objects in an active sentence is moved to the front of a passive sentence. And how the verb is changed to an auxiliary plus an -ed form of the base form of the verb.What is communicative competence ?(1)linguistic competence(2)Pragmatic competence(3)Discourse competence(4)Strategic competence(5)FluencyTask based language teachingTask definitionIs a piece of work undertaken for oneself or for others,freely or for some reward.Is an activity which requires learners to arrive at an outcome from given information through some process of thought,and which allows teachers to control and regulate that process Four components of a taskA purpose :make sure the students have a reason for undertaking the taskA context :this can be real simulated or imaginary and involves sociolinguistic issues such as the location theparticipants and their relationship,the time,and other important factors.A process;getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning inquiring conceptual and communicatingA product : there will be some form of outcome either visible or invisibleExercises tasksFocus form meaningSituation no situation real life situationOutcome correct form accomplishment of taskLanguage practice of assigned form choice of form and contentError immediate correction delayed correctionPrinciples for good lesson planning(1)Aims means a realistic goals for the lesson the teacher needs to have a clear idea of what he or she would like to achieve for the lesson or what outcomes are expected from the lesson Aims are not the things teachers intend to do during the lesson,but the things that students are able to do bu the end od the lesson.(2)Variety means planning a number of different types of activities.(3)Flexibility means preparing some extra and alternatives tasks and activities as the class does not always go according to the plan(4)Learnability means the contents and tasks planned for the lesson should be within the learning capabilities of the students.(5)Linkage means linked with each otherHarmer suggest the following measures for indisciplined actsand badly behaving students(1)Act immediately(2)Stop the class(3)Rearrange the seats(4)Change the activity(5)Talk to students after class(6)Create a code of behaviorDealing with errors(1)dealing with spoken errors(2)When to correct generally it is best to interrupt students during fluency work unless communication breaks down.if the students has got most of his language right but has made a trivial mistakes it is sometimes wise to let the mistakes pass if there are some common mistakes that other students might also have problems with,the teacher can take a note in his or her mind and try to do the correction after the students’ performance.(3)How to correct indirect teacher correction is encouraged to avoid damaging students’self esteem and confidence. Ask a question to invite the students to say it again with a hint of a problem. Sometimes the whole class can be invited to correct the mistakes.Characteristics of the listening process(1)spontaneity(2)Context(3)Visual clues(4)Listeners ‘s response(5)Speakers’ adjustmentA process approach to writing(1)Focus on the process of writing that leads to the final written process(2)Help students writers understand their own composing process(3)Help them built repetoires of strategies for previewing drafting and rewriting(4)Palace central importance on the process of reversion(5)Give students time to write and rewrite(6)Let the students discover what they want to say as they write(7)Give students the feedback throughout the composing process to consider as they attempt to bring their expression closer and closer to intention(8)Encourage feedback both from the instructors and peers(9)Include individual conferences between teacher and student during the process of composition。
安徽自考01844小学英语教学研究-考点汇总
考试结构“识记”为20%50%30%。
考试方式150 60考试技巧1VS 231234考试方法123456绪论重点重点重点难点第十一章第十二章各章要点,,应用,谢谢本章考点归纳考点1考点2 及方法考点3绪论考点1小学英语教学的意义及目的考点1小学英语教学的意义及目的例题正确答案：考点2研究和学习小学英语教学法的意义及方法例题正确答案：考点3小学英语教学法中的语言观、学习观、教育观、哲学观1234考点3小学英语教学法中的语言观、学习观、教育观、哲学观学习动机，心理素质及个人学习方法。
考点3小学英语教学法中的语言观、学习观、教育观、哲学观考点3小学英语教学法中的语言观、学习观、教育观、哲学观例题。
正确答案：谢谢本章考点归纳考点1考点2考点3小学考点1小学英语教学的特点一、儿童语言习得的理论1.（1（22.3.4.5.考点1小学英语教学的特点二、儿童的外语学习1.（1（22.（1（2（3（4考点1小学英语教学的特点二、儿童的外语学习例题正确答案：（1（2（3（4例题正确答案：考点2 小学英语教学的基本原则例题正确答案：考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求(如涂)帮考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求1.级别技能一级听做1234说唱123456、15-2015一20首；7玩演123读写1234视听121020-25级别技能二级听1234说1234、读123456写1234玩演视听12330-40430-40首51020-25考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求2.考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求3.考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求4.考点3 小学英语教学的目标与要求5.例题、、、。
正确答案：谢谢本章考点归纳考点1考点2考点1外国教学法主要流派简介六、TPR考点1外国教学法主要流派简介（1（2（3（4（5（6考点1外国教学法主要流派简介（1（2（3（4考点1外国教学法主要流派简介（5（6（7。
00833自考外语教学法串讲
00833自考外语教学法串讲外语教学法串讲一、引言最近几十年来，随着全球化的发展，外语教学变得愈发重要。
越来越多的人意识到掌握一门外语的重要性，因此外语教学法也越来越受到关注。
本文旨在对外语教学法进行串讲，介绍几种常见的外语教学法，包括语法翻译法、直接法、交际法和情景法，并探讨它们的优缺点以及应用。
二、语法翻译法1.基本原理语法翻译法是一种传统的外语教学法，该方法主要以学习语法规则和翻译为主要手段。
学生需要了解语法规则，并将学到的语法知识运用于阅读和写作中进行翻译。
该方法在19世纪和20世纪初被广泛应用。
2.优点语法翻译法可以帮助学生对语法规则进行系统学习和掌握。
通过翻译练习，学生可以加深对词汇和语法的理解，提高写作和阅读能力。
3.缺点语法翻译法过于侧重书面语，会导致学生对口语的忽略。
学生可能在学习过程中过度关注语法规则，而无法真正掌握语言的应用。
三、直接法1.基本原理直接法是一种以听说为主要目标的教学法。
学生通过直接接触目标语言，用目标语言去思考和交流。
教师通过创造真实的语言环境，帮助学生从听说开始，逐渐掌握语言能力。
2.优点直接法注重语言真实应用，培养学生的听说能力。
学生在沉浸式的语言环境中，可以更快地习得目标语言，并培养语感和流利度。
3.缺点直接法忽略了语法规则的教学，学生可能无法很好地理解或应用语法。
此外，直接法的实施需要大量的教学资源，对于资源有限的学校来说可能存在困难。
四、交际法1.基本原理交际法是一种以交际为中心的外语教学法。
该方法强调学生学习语言的目的是为了进行交流，因此教学重点放在学习交流用语和交际策略上。
学生通过角色扮演、小组讨论等活动培养实际交际能力。
2.优点交际法注重学生的实际应用能力，培养学生的语言交际技巧。
学生在交际活动中锻炼语言运用能力，增强自信心，提高语言流利度。
3.缺点交际法可能忽略了语言的准确性和正确性。
学生可能在强调交际的同时，忽略了语法错误的纠正。
此外，交际法可能在培养学生口头能力的同时忽略了阅读和写作能力的培养。
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
Unit 1Knowledge:sth that can be learnedSkills: sth that only can be gained through practice or training,Language skills:listening, speaking, reading and writingLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication。
Views on language：1、Structural view （language competence）—The founder：Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）3、meaning for communication（syntax）—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。
2 、Functional view—Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar)—The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with itUse the linguistic structure to express functions3、Interactional view （communicative competence）—Emphasis：appropriateness—Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabularyLanguage teacher qualifications：1、a good command of spoken and written language2、formulate theory presupposition3、language background and experience4、know how languages are learnt5、the ability to use methods in various situations6、deep understanding of cultural background7、understanding the principles of teachingThese elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal stylesView on language learning1. Psycholinguistic: the relationship between language and thinking.1)Thinking in language2)Language is necessary for thought.3)Language acquisition(语言习得)4)Learners in their earlier years acquire control over essential structure of their languagewithout special teaching and learning in a effortless and almost an unconscious way (like the formation of a habit) people prefer first language acquisition to first language learning.2.Cognitive theory: the rule for people to aware to cognize sth.Cognitive processes:Process: input----absorb----outputLanguage learning is not just stimulate-reflection, but the using of our subjective capabilities, the using of our cognitive ability to think the language and studying it actively.3. Constructivist theory: learning is a process of meaning construction based on learner’s own knowledge and experience.S ----------AT------------R(刺激) (反应)Stimulus: assimilatio n ①and accommodatio n②①把外部知识纳入自身②纳入自身后也不相符，就要对原有知识进行改变，也就是一种原有知道和外部知识保持联系的创新的过程。
最新英语教学法教程知识点总结(1-12单元)
FLTM: foreign language teaching methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the natural and laws of foreign languages.Major approaches in FLT:Grammar-translation method (deductive演绎法)Direct method (inductive归纳法)Audio-lingual methodHumanistic approaches: that emphasize the development of human values, growth in self-awareness and in the understanding of others, sensitivity to human feelings and emotions, and active student involvement in learning and in the way human learning takes palaceThe silent waySuggestopediaCommunity language learning (CLL)Total physical response method (TPR)●The natural approach(NA)●The communicative approach(CA )An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching ad leaning. Approach is axiomatic. It describes the nature of the subject matter to b taught.Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon, the selected approach. An approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural. Within one approach, there can be many methods.A technique is implementation---that which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques must b consistent with a method, and therefore I harmony with an approach as well.Views on language:Structural view: the structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology); and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).Functional view: the functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also means for doing things. Functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing, etc. International view: considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit formation, induction, making inference, hypothesis testing and generalization.Condition-oriented theories: emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory, the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised.Cognitive theory, language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and alarge part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.Ethic devotion, professional qualities and personal stylesCLT: communicative language teachingTBLT: task-based language teachingThe goal of CLT is to develop students’communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations. P16Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, and fluency.Howatt proposes a weak and a strong version of CLT.Weak version: learners first acquire language as a structural system and then learn how to use it in communication. --- the weak version regards overt teaching of language forms and functions as necessary means for helping learners to develop the ability to use them for communication.Strong version: language is acquired through communication. The learners discover the structural system in the process of leaning how to communicate.---regards experiences of using the language as the main means or necessary conditions for learning a language as they provide the experience for learners to see how language is used in communication.Communicative activities: P24Tasks are activities where the target language is used by the leaner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.Four components of a task: a purpose, a context, a process, and a productTasks focus on the complete act of communication. (Purposeful & contextualized communication). Exercises focus the students’attention on the individual aspects of language, such as vocabulary, grammar or individual skills. (Focus on individual language items) Exercise-task comes halfway between tasks and exercises, consists of contextualized practice of language item.PPP: for teaching a new structure-based lesson, content lesson, presentation (introduces new vocabulary and grammatical structures), practice (the lesson moves from controlled practice to guided practice and exploitation of the texts when necessary) and production(the students are encouraged to use what they are learned and practiced to perform communicative tasks)The importance of lesson planning: 1. an unprepared teacher begins of a disastrous lesson.2. An unprepared teacher receives less trust and cooperation from the students. 3. The students are different, the time is different, and the mood is different.Lesson Planning: is a framework of a lesson in which teachers make advance decisions about what they hope to achieve and how they would like to achieve it. In other words, teachers need to think about the aims to be achieved, materials to be covered, activities to be organized, and techniques and resources to be used in order to achieve the aims of the lesson.Principles for good lesson planning: aim, variety, flexibility, learnability, and linkage. Variety: planning a number of different types of activities and where possible,introducing students to a wide selection of materials so that learning is always interesting, motivating and never monotonous for the students.Flexibility: preparing some extra and alternative tasks and activities at the class does not always go according to the plan so that teachers always have the option to cope with the unexpected situations rather than being the slaves of written plans or one methodology. Learnability:within capability of the students, not be too easy or beyond or below the students’ coping ability.Linkage: easy task followed by a comparatively difficult one, or do a series of language-focused activities to get the students prepared linguistically.Components of a lesson planning: background information, teaching aims, language content and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher’s after-lesson reflection.For skill-oriented lesson, focusing on developing skills, the model is applicable---pre-(reading), while-, post-. (Pre-step, while-step, post-step)Classroom management is the way teachers organize what goes on in the classroom.The role of the teacher: controller, assessor (evaluator, correcting mistakes and organizing feedback), organizer (organize and design task that students can perform in the class), prompter推动者(give appropriate prompts and give hints), participant, resource-provider, teacher’s new roles.There are rules to follow for making instructions effective.●The first is to use simple instructions and make them suit the comprehensive level of thestudents.●The second rule is to use the mother-tongue only when it is necessary.●Give students time to get used to listening to English instructions and help the make an effortto understand them.●Use body language to assist understanding and stick to it each time you teach the class. Student grouping: whole class group—same activity at the same rhythm and pace, lockstep, pair work, group work, individual studyDiscipline: refers to a code of conduct which binds a teacher and a group of students together so that learning can be more effective.Questioning in the classroom:Classification of question types: 1.closed questions and open questions 2.display questions and genuine questions 3.lower-order questions and higher-order questions 4.taxonomyClosed questions refer to those with only one s ingle correct answer while open questions may invite many different answers.Display questions are those that the answers are already known to the teacher and they are used for checking if students know the answer, too. Genuine questions are questions which are used to find out new information and since they often reflect real context, they are more communicative. Lower-order questions refer to those that simple require recalling of information or memorization of facts while higher order questions require more reasoning, analysis, and evaluation.Simple question and difficult questionA mistake refers to a performance error that is either a random guess or an “a slip of tongue”, it’s a failure performance to a known system.An error has direct relation with the learners’language competence. Results from Lack of knowledge in the target language. Language error cannot be self-corrected no matter how much attention is paidDealing with spoken errors: tasks or activities are focusing on accuracy or fluency. Balance between accuracy-based activities and fluency-based activities..When to correct: fluency work---not to interrupt, after the student’s performance; accuracy work---need to intervene moreHow to correct: direct teacher correction, indirect teacher correction, self-correction, peer correction, whole class correction.Goal of teaching pronunciation:Consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and naturalIntelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable t o the listenersCommunicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.Aspects of pronunciation: besides sounds and phonetic symbols, such as stress (strong and weak form, word stress and sentence stress), intonation and rhythm (variation).Perception practice: using minimal pairs, which order, same or different? Odd and out, Completion.Production practice: listen and repeat, fill the blanks, make up sentences, use meaningful context, use picture, use tongue twisters.Grammar presentation: The deductive method, the inductive method, the guided discovery methodGrammar practice: mechanical practice and meaningful/ communicative practice.Mechanical practice: involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy. Students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure. Substitution drill and transformation drills.Meaningful practice: focus on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students keep an eye on the way newly learned structures are used in the process. It comes after mechanical practice. (Comparatives and superlatives). Using picture prompts, using mimes or gestures as prompts, using information sheet as prompts, using key phrases or key words as prompts, using chained phrases for story telling, using created situations.What does knowing a word involve? Denotative meaning; connotative meaning; chunk/collocations; synonyms, antonyms and hyponyms; receptive and productive vocabulary.Denotative meaning of a word or a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world. Primary meaning of a word.A connotative meaning of a word refers to the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader’s interpretation of the word.Collocations refer to words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepted as ways for the use of words. For instance, see, look at, watch.Hyponyms refer to words which can be grounded together under the same superordinate concept. Receptive/passive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing. Those words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing are considered as one’s productive/active vocabulary.Ways of presenting vocabulary: inductive and deductive.Ways of consolidating vocabulary: labeling; spot the difference; describe and draw; play a game; use words series; word bingo; word association; finding synonyms and antonyms; categories; using word net-work; using the internet resources for more ideas.Developing vocabulary learning strategies: review regularly, guess meaning from context, organize vocabulary effectively, use a dictionary, and manage strategy use.Principles and models for teaching listening: focus on process, combine listening with other skills (listening can be practice with not-taking, and answers, role plays, retelling, interviewing, discussions, or a writing task), focus on the comprehension of meaning, grade difficulty level appropriately, principles for selecting and using listening activities.Two approaches are frequently used to describe different processes of listening.Bottom-up model and Top-down model.Bottom-up model: 从细节入手start with sound and meaning recognitions. Listeners construct meaning of what they hear based on the sound they hear, expect the listeners have a very effective short-term memory as they have to make sense of every sound in order to figure out the meaning of words, phrase, and structures. If there are unfamiliar sounds, listeners will find it very difficult to keep up with speaker. ---recognizing sounds of words, phrases or structures.Top-down model: 着重概要listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized. Listeners can understand better if they already have some knowledge in their mind about the topic. Such knowledge is also termed as prior knowledge or schematic knowledge---mental frameworks for various things and experience we hold in our long-term memory. ---referring meaning from broad contextual clues and background knowledge.Three teaching stages: pre-listening—warming up; while-listening---listening comprehension; post-listening---checking answers.Teaching speakingLess complex syntax, short cuts, incomplete sentences, devices such as fillers, hesitation device to give time to thinking before speaking, false start, spontaneous, time-constraint.Types of speaking: pre-communicative activities—mechanical activities; communicative activities---meaningful activities.Controlled activities, semi-controlled activities, communicative activities:Information-gap activities; dialogues and role-plays; activities using pictures; problem-solving activities; change the story; human scrabbleOrganizing speaking tasks: use small group workTeaching readingThe construction of meaning from a printed or written message.Two broad levels in the act reading.1). A recognition task of perceiving visual signals from the printed page through the eyes.2). A cognitive task of interpreting the visual information revealing the received information with the reader’s own general knowledge, and reconstructing the meaning that the writer had meant to convey.For teaching: intensive/extensive readingIn terms of methods: skimming/scanning/predictingFor reading practice: reading aloud/silent readingThe role of vocabulary in reading: sight vocabulary: words that one is able to recognize immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary.Principles and models for teaching reading: bottom-up model; top-down model; interactive modelPre-reading activities: predicting (predicting based on the tile/ based on vocabulary/based on the T/F questions) setting the scene, skimming, and scanningWhile-reading activities: TD (a transition device)Reading comprehension questions: 1. questions of literal comprehension 2. Questions involving reorganization or reinterpretation 3. Questions for inference (what is implied but not explicitly stated) 4. questions for evaluation or appreciation (making judgment about what the writer is trying to do and how successful he/she is in achieving his/her purpose) 5. Questions for personal responseIntensive reading is an accuracy-oriented activity involving reading for detail; the main purpose is to learn language embedded in the reading texts, which are usually short. Extensive reading is a fluency activity. The main purpose is to achieve global understanding. Te reading texts usually contains less new vocabulary and is longer than those intended for intensive reading.Teaching writingWriting for consolidating language, writing for communication, between writing for learning and writing for communication, imaginationNot have a real communicative purpose; for language skill; a little bit communicative; communicative approach; neither restrictions in contents nor in word limit; more communicative; more motivatedCA: communication approachA Productive approach to writing 成果法/a prose model approach---fruitlessA Process approach to writing 过程法: The teacher provides to guide students through the process that they undergo when they are writing. This kind of guidance should be gradually withdrawn so that the students can finally become independent writers.Main procedures of process writing include: creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading and conferencing.。
英语教学法考试重点(推荐文档)
❤判断主张并简要说明理由：Structural view:The structure language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems:phonology,morphology and syntax.To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language. Functional view: The functional view is not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things,such as offering suggesting,etc.Leaners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions.International view:The international view considers language to be a communicative tool,whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.Leaners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary but also need to know the rules for using them in a communicative contexts.❤What makes a good language teacher?These elements can be categorized into three groups:ethic devotion,professional qualities and personal styles.❤教师的专业能力是如何发展起来的(How can be a good teacher/The development of professional competence)答：The development of professional competence including three parts: Stage1,Stage2 and Goal.I. The first stage is language development.All English teacher are supposed to have a sound command of English,and language is always changing,language development can never come to an end.II. The second stage is the most important stage and it is more complicated because it involves three sub-stages:learning,practice,and reflection.(1)The learning stage is the purposeful preparation before a teacher starts the practice of teaching.It includes three parts:learning from other's experience,learning the received knowledge and learning from one's experiences.Both experience knowledge and received knowledge are useful when a teacher goes ton practice.(2)The term 'practice' can be used in two senses. One sense is also called pseudo practice.The other sense is the real classroom teaching.(3)Teacher benefit from practice if they keep on reflecting on what they've done,Not only after they finish their practice,but also while they are doing the practice,III. After some period of practice and reflection,a teacher should be able to reach his or her professional competence.As an final it shouldn't an end,one must be keep learning,practicing and reflecting.❤真实应用语言&课堂语言的不同（The differences between language used in real life and language taught in the classroom.)Language used in real life differs from language learned under the traditional language teaching pedagpgy in the following aspects:(1)In real life,language is used to perform certain communication functions;in a traditional language classroom,the teaching focus is often on forms rather than functions.(2)For various reasons,traditional pedagogy tends to focus on one or two language skills and ignore others.In real language use we use all skills,including receptive skills and productive skills.(3)In reality language is always used in a certain context,but traditional pedagogy tends to isolate language from its context.❤交际教学法的目标The goal of CLT is to develop students' communicative competence,which includes both the knowledge about the language and the language about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.★★★交际的五个方面（名词解释or简答）There are five main components of communicative ly,linguistic competence,pragmatic competence,discourse competence,strategic competence,and fluency.Linguistic competence is concerned with knowledge itself,its form and meaning.(It involves spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammatical structure,sentence structure,and semantics.It is an integral part of communicative competence.)Pragmatic competence is concerned with the appropriate use of the language in social context.(That is to say,the choice of the vocabulary and structure depends on the setting,the relative status of the speakers,and their relationships.)Discourse competence refers to one's ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them.(According to Hedge,also includes one's ability to initiate,develop,enter,interrupt,check,or confirm in a conversation.) Strategic competence is similar to communication strategies.It refers to strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resources.One can compensate for this by searching for other means of expression.Fluency means one's ability to 'link unit of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate or undue hesitation.❤Principles of communicative language teaching.(交际教学语言CLT原则）(1).Communication principle:Activities that involve real communication promote learning.(2)Task principle:Activities in which language is used for carring out meaningful tasks promote learning.(3)Meaningfulness principle:language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.❤交际教学法&语言技能的关系(CLT and the teaching of language skills )(听说读写在交际教学法中怎样。
英语教学法复习资料
英语教学法复习资料英语教学法复习资料在当今全球化的时代，英语已经成为一门必备的语言技能。
因此，英语教学法的研究和实践变得尤为重要。
本文将回顾一些常见的英语教学法，帮助读者巩固他们的知识，并提供一些实用的教学技巧。
一、交际法交际法是一种以交流为中心的教学法。
它强调学生在真实的语境中使用英语，以提高他们的交际能力。
在交际法中，教师应该创造一个积极互动的学习环境，鼓励学生参与各种交际活动，如角色扮演、小组讨论和真实情境模拟等。
通过这种方式，学生可以更好地理解和运用英语。
二、语法翻译法语法翻译法是一种传统的英语教学法。
它注重语法规则的学习和应用，并通过翻译来帮助学生理解和运用这些规则。
在语法翻译法中，教师通常会使用课文翻译、句子翻译和篇章翻译等练习，以帮助学生提高他们的语法和翻译能力。
然而，这种教学法也存在一些问题，如过度依赖母语和缺乏真实语境等。
三、听说法听说法是一种以听力和口语为核心的教学法。
它强调学生在真实的听力和口语活动中提高他们的听力理解和口语表达能力。
在听说法中，教师应该提供大量的听力材料，如录音和视频，以帮助学生培养他们的听力技巧。
同时，教师还应该鼓励学生参与各种口语活动，如对话练习、演讲和辩论等。
通过这种方式，学生可以更好地理解和运用英语。
四、任务型教学法任务型教学法是一种以任务为导向的教学法。
它注重学生在解决实际问题的过程中学习和应用英语。
在任务型教学法中，教师应该设计一系列有挑战性的任务，以激发学生的学习兴趣和动机。
同时，教师还应该提供必要的语言支持和反馈，以帮助学生完成任务。
通过这种方式，学生可以更好地运用英语解决问题，并提高他们的学习效果。
五、多媒体教学法多媒体教学法是一种以多媒体技术为支持的教学法。
它通过使用电脑、投影仪和互联网等工具，提供丰富多样的学习资源，以帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语。
在多媒体教学法中，教师可以使用动画、音频和视频等多媒体材料，以增加学生的学习兴趣和参与度。
英语教学法复习要点
英语教学法复习要点1.Structural view on language：The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system(phonology);the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations(morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication(syntax). Each language has a finite number of such structural items. To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language. When this structural view of language was combined with the stimulus-response principles of behavioristic psychology, the audiolingual approach to language learning emerged.2.Interactional view on language：The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.municative competence：The goal of CLT is to develop students' communicative competence, which includes boththe knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.There are five main components of communicative competence: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, fluency4.Task in English language teaching：Task-based Language Teaching is a further development of Communicative Language Teaching. It shares the same beliefs,,as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. However, it has stressed the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communicative-focused teaching.5.Overall language ability：• Learning:cognitive; self management; communication; resourcing•Language learning: listening; speaking; reading; writing • Language: phonetics; grammar; vocabulary; functions; topics• Cultural: knowledge; understanding; awareness• Affect: international; perspectives; patriotism; confidence; motivationponents of a lesson plan：background information; teaching aims; language contents and skills; stages and procedures; teaching aids; end of lesson summary; optional activities and assignments; after-lesson reflection.7.The role of the teacher：controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant, resource-provider, facilitators, guides, researchers8.Errors and mistakes：a mistake has nothing to do with the language competence, but a result from a temporary breakdown. When a mistake is challenged or given enough attention, it can be self-corrected. An error has direct relation with the learners' language competence. Errors do not result from carelessness nor hesitation, but lack of knowledge in the target language. Language errors cannot be self-corrected no matter how much attention is given. 9.The goal of teaching pronunciation：Consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural; Intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners; Communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.10.Principles for teaching speaking：balancingaccuracy-based with fluency-based practices; contextualising practice; personalising practice; building up confidence; maximising meaningful interactions; helping students develop speaking strategies; making the best use of classroom learning environment to provide sufficient language input and practice for the students.11.Mechanical practice：involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy. By doing mechanical practice, the students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure. Substitution and transformation drills are most frequently used in mechanical practice.12.Meaningful practice：in meaningful practice, the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students 'keep an eye on' the way newly learned structures are used in to process. Meaningful practice usually comes after mechanical practice.13.The deductive method：relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing. Frist, the teacher writes an example on the board or draws attention to an example in the textbook. Then the teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural terms. Sometimes,comparisons are made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structure. Finally, the students practice applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.14.Guided discovery method：The guided discovery method is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly. There are two key theoretical issues related to this method: the role of explicit knowledge in language learning and the value of discovery as a general method of learning.15.Knowing a word：Knowing a word means knowing its pronunciation and stress; its spelling and grammatical properties; its meaning; how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.16.Vocabulary consolidation activities：labelling; spot the difference; describe and draw; play a game; use word series; word bingo; word association; find synonyms and antonyms; categories; using word net-work17.Connotative meaning of a word：A connotative meaning ofa word refers to 'the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader's interpretation of the word. These would include words that may express a positive or negative attitude or subtle feelings towards something.18.Denotative meaning of a word：Denotative meaning of a word of a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sigh, etc. in the physical world. This is usually the primary meaning of a word and may seem relatively easy to learn.19.Vocabulary learning strategies：review regularly, guess meaning from context, organize vocabulary effectively, usea dictionary, manage strategy use20. Top-down model of listening：In the top-down model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized.21.Bottom-up model of listening：In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions. In other word, 'we use information in the speech itself to try to comprehend the meaning'.Listeners construct meaning of what they hear based on the sound they hear. This process of listening expects the listener to have a very effective short-term memory as they have to make sense of every sound in order to figure out the meaning of words, phrases and structures. If there are unfamiliar sounds, listeners will find it very hard to keep up with the speaker.22.Sight vocabulary：Words that one is able to recognise immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary. In other words, your sight vocabulary will be those words that you can recognise with both sounds and meanings without special effort from your brain.23.Interactive model for teaching reading：24.The transition device：The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device. Some transition devices that are often used in teaching reading are: pictures, drawings, maps, tables, tree diagrams, cyclic diagrams, pie charts, bar charts, flowcharts, chronological sequence, subtitles and notes. Most of the transition devices listed above make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized.The purpose of transition device:•Focus attention on the main meaning of the text;•Be able to simplify sophisticated input so that it becomes the basis for output;•Allow students to perform tasks while they are reading;•Highlight the main structural organization of a text/part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning; •Involve all the students in clearly defined reading tasks;•Precede one step at a time;•When a TD is completed, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice.25.A communicative approach to writing：It acknowledges that mechanical writing activities do not by themselves motivate students. To motivate students, it is necessary to engage them in some act of communication. This means either writing for a specific recipient, or engaging in an act of creative writing where their work is intended to be read by other people, in other words, an intended audience. In short, students can be motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.26.The process approach to writing：creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading, conferencing。
英语教学法复习资料
英语教学法复习资料英语教学法是一门重要的教育学科，不仅对英语教学具有重要指导意义，同时也是所有教学法的基础。
对于众多英语学者而言，英语教学法的学习和掌握是取得英语学习成果的重要途径。
那么，接下来我将为大家分享一些英语教学法复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、传统教学法传统教学法主要强调老师的教学，学生被动听课，关注学生知识的数量，忽视学生的能力培养。
该教学法在学生们的语言技能上有限度的帮助，不适应进入市场的英语学者的要求。
二、交际教学法交际教学法是一种以交际为景点的教学法。
学生和教师之间进行交互式的对话，学生受到更多的训练和触发，让他们在实际生活中学会正确运用英语，使学习者的英语掌握的不仅是口语能力，还有听、写、读的能力。
三、任务教学法任务教学法强调学生要作出自己的决策，在老师的指导下进行任务。
这种教学法强调学生的技能和能力的发展，采用任务和生活场景，培养学生的英语运用能力。
四、建构主义教学法建构主义教学法主要强调学生从自己的角度去理解和掌握知识，让学习者主动地采取一定的观点和各种方法去理解和掌握知识。
学生采用的是他们自己的这些经验、观点和知识来处理和整理材料。
以上四点只是英语教学法中的一些例子，教学法的种类是无限的。
教师可以很好的结合各种教学法进行教学，以使学生的英语知识和学习方式更加全面和多样化。
总之，要成为一个出色的英语教师或者学者，我们需要了解和掌握多种教学法，以此融会贯通，结合自己的教学实践，创造出一种深入人心，适合学生需要的英语阅读、写作、听力、口语教学方案。
希望本文所分享的英语教学法复习资料能够帮助大家更好的学习和掌握英语教学法。
《英语教学法》(上)(下)课程教学重点、难点及要求
《英语教学法》（上）（下）课程教学重点、难点及要求Unit 1 导论1．学习理论：行为主义学习理论，认知学习理论和结构学习理论；2．Krashe n有关第二语言习得的5个假说，“学习”与“习得”的不同，包括Elli s的Ins truct e d Second Langu a ge Acquis ition，以及对外语教学的启示；3．外语教学发展史。
要求掌握各教学法的理论基础、课堂操作方式、适合的教学内容和教学对象以及优缺点等；4．课程设置，各类大纲和课程之间的关系，评估现行中学英语教材。
掌握LARA策略，合理使用教材为教学服务；5．需求分析理论（Needs Analys is）以及在教学中的运用；6．教师的自我发展，包括教师职业素质的构成，教师自我发展的途径；7．教学策略理论：教学策略的内涵和教学策略的组成。
Unit 2 交际法1．交际教学法产生的背景；2．交际的内涵以及对教学的启示；3．交际教学法的原则及特征；4．交际教学法的教学目标；5．交际能力的内涵；6．不同学者对交际教学法的诠释；7．交际教学中教师和学生的角色；8．交际教学对学习材料的要求，“真实”材料的运用；9．交际教学课堂活动的安排，所采用的教学模式；10．交际活动的内容；11．根据自己的教材设计一堂交际教学课。
1．“阅读”的内涵，掌握有关阅读的几种观点，包括心理猜测理论和互动阅读理论。
2．影响有效/流畅阅读的因素；3．有关良好阅读者的研究；4．阅读教学中学生动机的激发；5．阅读教学模式：top-down approa ch, bottom-up approa ch 和inter activ e approa ch；各模式的理论依据，课堂操作方式，优缺点等；6．阅读的层次，包括read the lines, read betwee n the lines和read beyond the lines (plainsensereadin g, deduct ive readin g, projec tive readin g)。
自考学位英语考试知识点
自考学位英语是中国自学考试的一门重要科目，主要针对那些希望通过自学获取学位证书的学习者。
这门课程旨在评估考生的英语水平，特别是他们在阅读、写作、听力和口语方面的能力。
以下是自考学位英语考试的一些关键知识点，帮助你更好地准备考试：1. **词汇与语法**：- 掌握一定数量的英语基础词汇及其用法，通常涉及日常生活、工作、学习等方面的词汇。
- 理解并运用基本的英语语法规则，包括时态、语态、直接和间接引语、条件句、虚拟语气等。
2. **阅读理解**：- 能够阅读并理解各种类型的英文材料，如新闻报道、散文、简短的评论文章等。
- 提高快速抓取文章大意、细节信息、作者观点和态度等能力。
- 分析和推断文章隐含的意义或信息。
3. **写作**：- 学会如何组织一篇逻辑清晰、结构合理的英语短文。
- 掌握基本的写作技巧，包括论点的提出、论据的支持、结论的总结等。
- 注意文章的一致性和连贯性，以及正确使用标点符号和段落划分。
4. **听力理解**：- 能够听懂英语新闻、讲座、日常对话等不同场景下的英语听力材料。
- 提高抓取关键信息、理解对话或讲话大意的能力。
- 练习根据听到的内容进行推理和判断。
5. **口语表达**：- 虽然自考学位英语可能不会严格测试口语能力，但提高口语表达能力对于全面掌握英语非常重要。
- 练习日常对话、表达个人观点和感受、进行简单的陈述或描述等。
准备自考学位英语时，建议广泛阅读英文材料，多听英语广播或观看英语视频，积极参与英语交流活动，同时可以通过做历年真题来熟悉考试形式和题型。
此外，合理安排复习计划，坚持每天学习，是成功的关键。
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
1. 教学法的概念和意义
- 教学法是指教师在教学过程中所采用的一系列组织和指导学生学习的方法和策略。
- 教学法对于提高教学效果和学生学习成果具有重要的影响。
2. 教学目标的设定和实施
- 设定明确的教学目标，包括知识、技能和态度等方面。
- 设计符合教学目标的教学活动和任务，以有效地实现教学目标。
3. 课堂组织和管理
- 设计合理的课堂结构，包括开头、主体和结尾等部分。
- 管理学生的行为和注意力，确保课堂秩序良好。
4. 教学方法的选择和运用
- 根据学生的特点和教学内容的要求，选择合适的教学方法，如讲授法、讨论法、合作学习法等。
- 运用多种教学方法，以促进学生的主动参与和积极学习。
5. 教学资源的利用
- 利用多种教学资源，如教材、多媒体工具、实物、图表等，丰富教学内容，提高学生的学习兴趣和理解能力。
6. 评价与反馈
- 设计合理的评价方式和评价标准，以评估学生的学习成绩和教学效果。
- 及时给予学生反馈，帮助他们纠正错误和进一步提高。
7. 多元化的教学策略
- 采用多种教学策略，如激发学生的兴趣和好奇心、引导学生
主动探究、启发学生的创造思维等，以提高教学效果。
8. 教学过程的设计和调整
- 设计完整的教学过程，包括课前导入、知识讲解、练习与巩固、课后复习等环节。
- 随时根据学生的学习情况和实际需要，调整教学过程和方法，以提高学习效果。
英语自考之外语教学法
外语教学法复习提纲General Introduction总体简介The nature of FLTM: a science which studies the process and patterns of foreign language teaching.Traditional Linguistics传统语言学Practical in natural: in order to understand the classic words of ancient times and to teach students. 实用性：为了读懂古代的经典，或是为了教学生，使其能够理解并欣赏这些古代的经典著作。
Give the priority to the written form and took words as their starting point.注重书面，并且把单词作为研究的起点。
Take a prescriptive approach to discuss the rules of language.采用***式，以便正确运用语言指定法则和标准。
American Structuralism美式结构主义语言学1930s-1940s (Franz Boas and Wdward Sapor)先驱：鲍阿斯和萨丕尔The father of American Structuralism: Leonard Bloomfield.美国结构主义语言学之父：布鲁姆菲尔德a. Language acquisition in terms of behaviorist terminology.语言学家应当描述人们实际使用的语言而不应该自己规定，应通过归纳法对材料进行分析。
b. Language was a habit of verbal behaviorist which consisted of a series of stimuli and responses.语言只是一种习惯，它是由一系列的刺激与反应所组成。
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳英语教学法是针对学习英语的教师设计的一整套教学方法和策略的综合体系。
它涵盖了英语教学的理论基础、教学设计和实施、评估和反思等方面。
在英语教学过程中，教师需要掌握和运用一些基本的英语教学法，以便更有效地促进学生的语言学习。
本文将对英语教学法的主要知识点进行归纳，以供教师们参考和学习。
一、教学目标的设定1.确定清晰的语言学习目标：教师应该明确学生应该达到的语言能力水平，并将目标分解成可量化的具体目标。
2.编写明确的教学目标：教师需要将教学目标写成具体、可测量和可理解的语言任务，以帮助学生更好地理解和实现目标。
二、教学内容的选择和组织1.构建情境化的教学内容：通过创造真实的语言情境，激发学生的学习兴趣和动机，提高学习效果。
2.根据学生的兴趣选择教学内容：教师应该根据学生的兴趣和需要，选择与他们日常生活相关的话题和素材，使学习更贴近实际。
3.结合语法、词汇和语言技能进行教学：教师应该将语法、词汇和语言技能有机地结合起来，让学生能够在实际运用中灵活运用。
三、教学方法和策略的运用1.交互型教学方法：包括师生互动、学生间互动和学生自主学习，通过口语对话和实践活动培养学生的听说能力。
2.任务型教学方法：通过设置具体的任务来激发学生的学习兴趣和动力，培养学生的语言运用能力。
3.多媒体辅助教学：结合音频、视频和网络资源，提供多样化的教学材料和活动，增强学生的学习体验和参与度。
四、教学评估与反思1.形成性评价：通过课堂观察、作业评查和小组讨论等形式对学生进行及时的反馈和评估，帮助他们发现自己的差距并采取相应的学习策略。
2.总结性评价：通过考试、测验或教育性评估工具对学生的学习成果进行系统的评估，同时为教师提供改进教学的反馈。
五、教学环境的创设1.积极、鼓励的教学氛围：创造友好、开放、尊重和包容的教学环境，鼓励学生参与和表达，培养积极的学习态度。
2.多样化的学习资源：提供丰富多样的教学资源，包括教材、课外读物、在线学习平台等，满足学生的不同学习需求。
00833自考外语教学法串讲
00833自考外语教学法串讲自考外语教学法串讲一、导言自考外语教学法作为一门重要的学科，对于英语教学和学习有着重要的指导意义。
本文将从多个角度对00833自考外语教学法进行深度探讨，希望能够为读者提供全面、深入的了解。
二、自考外语教学法的定义和意义1. 00833自考外语教学法的含义自考外语教学法是指通过独立学习和考试，系统地学习和掌握外语教学的理论和实践知识，培养外语教学能力的一门学科。
2. 自考外语教学法的意义自考外语教学法对于提高英语教学水平、培养全面发展的外语人才、加强国际交流与合作具有重要意义。
了解自考外语教学法，可以帮助教师提高教学效果、培养学生的综合语言运用能力，同时也有利于促进国际交流与合作。
三、自考外语教学法的主要内容1. 自考外语教学法的理论基础00833自考外语教学法主要包括教学法的基本概念、外语教学的发展历程、教学法的学科性质等内容。
理论基础是教学法的指导原则，对于教学实践具有重要的指导作用。
2. 自考外语教学法的方法与技巧00833自考外语教学法还涉及到多种教学方法和技巧的学习，如交际教学法、任务型教学法、多媒体教学法等。
这些方法与技巧对于提高教学效果、激发学生学习兴趣和培养学生的语言实际运用能力有着重要的作用。
四、自考外语教学法的教学实践1. 教学法在英语教学中的应用通过学习00833自考外语教学法，教师可以将所学到的方法与技巧运用到实际的英语教学中，提高教学效果，激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生的语言实际运用能力。
2. 学生自主学习的培养通过自考外语教学法的学习，学生也可以培养自主学习的能力，提高学习效率，全面发展语言技能，为今后的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。
五、总结与展望通过对00833自考外语教学法的全面探讨，我们可以看到自考外语教学法对于提高英语教学水平和培养学生的语言实际运用能力有着重要的作用。
在今后的学习和实践中，我们应该进一步深入学习和实践自考外语教学法，不断提高教学质量，促进学生全面发展。
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳
英语教学法教程主要知识点归纳英语教学法是指教师在英语教学中所采用的教学理念、教学方法和教学手段。
英语教学法的主要目标是培养学生听、说、读、写等综合运用英语的能力，使学生能够流利地运用英语进行交流和表达。
下面是英语教学法教程的主要知识点归纳。
一、教学目标的设定教学目标是教师在教学过程中所要达到的预期效果，必须明确定义和合理设定。
教师应根据学生的年龄、英语基础、教材内容等方面的特点，设定适合学生的教学目标。
教学目标应具体、明确，要分为知识、能力、情感和态度等方面。
二、教学内容的选择教学内容是指教师在教学中所要传授给学生的知识和技能，应根据学生的实际需求选择适当的教学内容。
教学内容应有机结合教材，具有一定的逻辑性和系统性。
教师可以根据教材中的单元、话题或学生的兴趣爱好等进行选择。
三、教学方法的运用教学方法是指教师在教学过程中所采用的教学手段和策略，是实现教学目标的有效途径。
常用的教学方法包括直观教学法、示范教学法、激发教学法、合作教学法、多媒体教学法等。
教师可以根据不同的教学目标和学生的特点选择合适的教学方法。
四、教学手段的运用教学手段是指教师在教学中所使用的具体工具和材料，有助于提高学生的学习效果和学习兴趣。
教学手段包括教学用具、多媒体设备、实物、图片、录音、录像等。
教师可以根据教学内容和学生的学习需求选择合适的教学手段。
五、教学评价的方法教学评价是指教师对学生学习情况和教学效果进行评估和判断的过程。
教学评价应注重全面、准确、客观和具体。
常用的教学评价方法包括测试、作业、观察、讨论、听说读写等。
教师可以根据教学目标和学生的实际情况选择合适的教学评价方法。
六、教学设计的步骤教学设计是指教师根据教学目标和教学要求所制定的教学过程和教学计划。
教学设计应包括教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学评价等方面的内容。
教学设计的步骤包括分析教学内容和学生的学习需求、确定教学目标、设计教学过程和制定教学计划。
英语教学法教程复习资料
英语教学法教程复习资料近年来，随着全球化进程的推进，英语已成为国际通用语言，越来越多的人开始学习英语。
而在英语学习过程中，掌握好合适的英语教学法，既可以提高学习效率，又可以更好的提高学习成果。
本文将为您提供一些英语教学法的复习资料。
1.基础教学法基础教学法是最基本也是最常用的英语教学法。
在这种教学法中，老师会先讲一些简单的单词和基础的语法规则，然后让学生进行语音、语法、词汇等方面的练习。
在这个过程中，鼓励学生多多练习，掌握语法规则的同时，提高英语能力。
2.词汇教学法词汇是英语学习的重中之重，因此词汇教学法也非常重要。
在这种教学法中，老师会先让学生记忆一些常用的单词，并在学习过程中慢慢引入生词，进一步提高学生的词汇量。
3.阅读教学法阅读教学法是英语学习的重点之一，它不仅可以提高学生的阅读能力，也可以加深他们对语言的理解。
在这种教学法中，老师会让学生阅读一些有趣的文章，并且分析一些生词和语法规则，让学生从中学习。
4.听力教学法听力教学法对于掌握英语听力能力非常重要。
在这种教学法中，老师会播放一些英语听力材料，让学生进行听力练习。
同时，老师会讲解一些常用的英语词汇和语法规则，让学生更好地理解听力材料。
5.口语教学法口语教学法是英语教学中最具挑战性和难度的教学法。
在这种教学法中，老师会对学生进行口语练习，并给出一些针对性的建议和指导，让学生不断改进口语表达能力。
以上就是几种常见的英语教学法，当然这些教学法并非独立的存在，老师可以根据学生的实际情况，将以上教学法进行有机结合，构建适合学生的教学方案。
总之，英语教学法不仅是学生提升英语能力的重要工具，也是教师们提高英语授课质量的重要途径。
希望本文提供的英语教学法复习资料能对广大英语学习者和教师有所帮助。
(完整word版)英语教学法教程知识点总结(1-12单元)
FLTM : foreign language teaching methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the natural and laws of foreign languages.Major approaches in FLT:Grammar-translation method (deductive演绎法)Direct method (inductive 概括法 )Audio-lingual methodHumanistic approaches: that emphasize the development of human values, growth in self-awareness and in the understanding of others, sensitivity to human feelings and emotions, andactive student involvement in learning and in the way human learning takes palaceThe silent waySuggestopediaCommunity language learning (CLL)Total physical response method (TPR)The natural approach(NA)The communicative approach (CA )An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching ad leaning. Approach is axiomatic. It describes the nature of the subject matter to b taught.Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon, the selected approach. An approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural. Within one approach, there can be many methods.A technique is implementation---that which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques must b consistent with a method, and therefore I harmony with an approach as well.Views on language:Structural view : the structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology); and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).Functional view : the functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also meansfor doing things. Functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing, etc. International view: considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit formation, induction, making inference, hypothesis testing and generalization. Condition-oriented theories : emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory , the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised.Cognitive theory, language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and alarge part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on theconcept of “Zone of Proximal Development”ZPD)( and scaffolding.Ethic devotion, professional qualities and personal styles CLT:communicative language teaching TBLT: task-based languageteachingThe goal of CLT is to develop students’communicative competence,which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations. P16Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, and fluency.Howatt proposes a weak and a strong version of CLT.Weak version: learners first acquire language as a structural system and then learn how to use it in communication. --- the weak version regards overt teaching of language forms and functions as necessary means for helping learners to develop the ability to use them for communication.Strong version: language is acquired through communication. The learners discover the structural system in the process of leaning how to communicate.---regards experiences of using the language as the main means or necessary conditions for learning a language as they provide the experience for learners to see how language is used in communication.Communicative activities: P24Tasks are activities where the target language is used by the leaner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.Four components of a task: a purpose, a context, a process, and a productTasks focus on the complete act of communication.(Purposeful&contextualized communication). Exercises focus the students’attention on the individual aspects of language, such as vocabulary, grammar or individual skills. (Focus on individual language items) Exercise-task comes halfway between tasks and exercises, consists of contextualized practice of language item.PPP:for teaching a new structure-based lesson, content lesson, presentation (introduces new vocabulary and grammatical structures), practice(the lesson moves from controlled practice to guided practice and exploitation of the texts when necessary) and production(the students are encouraged to use what they are learned and practiced to perform communicative tasks)The importance of lesson planning: 1. an unprepared teacher begins of a disastrous lesson.2. An unprepared teacher receives less trust and cooperation from the students. 3. The students are different, the time is different, and the mood is different.Lesson Planning : is a framework of a lesson in which teachers make advance decisions aboutwhat they hope to achieve and how they would like to achieve it. In other words, teachers need to think about the aims to be achieved, materials to be covered, activities to be organized, and techniques and resources to be used in order to achieve the aims of the lesson.Principles for good lesson planning: aim, variety, flexibility, learnability, and linkage.Variety: planning a number of different students to a wide selection of materials never monotonous for the students.types of activities and where possible, introducing so that learning is always interesting, motivating andFlexibility: preparing some extra and alternative tasks and activities at the class does not always go according to the plan so that teachers always have the option to cope with the unexpected situations rather than being the slaves of written plans or one methodology. Learnability: within capability of the students, not be too easy or beyond or below the students’coping ability.Linkage : easy task followed by a comparatively difficult one, or do a series of language-focused activities to get the students prepared linguistically .Components of a lesson planning: background information, teaching aims, language content and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher’s after-lesson reflection.For skill-oriented lesson, focusing on developing skills, the model is applicable---pre-(reading), while-, post-. (Pre-step, while-step, post-step)Classroom management is the way teachers organize what goes on in the classroom.The role of the teacher: controller, assessor (evaluator, correcting mistakes and organizing feedback), organizer (organize and design task that students can perform in the class), prompter 推进者 (give appropriate prompts and give hints), participant, resource-provider, teacher’s new roles.There are rules to follow for making instructions effective.The first is to use simple instructions and make them suit the comprehensive level of thestudents.The second rule is to use the mother-tongue only when it is necessary.Give students time to get used to listening to English instructions and help the make aneffort to understand them.Use body language to assist understanding and stick to it each time you teach the class. Student grouping: whole class group—same activity at the same rhythm and pace, lockstep, pair work, group work, individual studyDiscipline: refers to a code of conduct which binds a teacher and a group of students together so that learning can be more effective.Questioning in the classroom:Classification of question types: 1.closed questions and open questions 2.display questions and Closed questions refer to those with only one s ingle correct answer while open questions may invite many different answers. Display questions are those that the answers are already knownto the teacher and they are used for checking if students know the answer, too. Genuine questions are questions which are used to find out new information and since they often reflect real context, they are more communicative. Lower-order questions refer to those that simple require recalling of information or memorization of facts while higher order questions require more reasoning, analysis, and evaluation.Simple question and difficult questionA mistake refers to a performance error that is either a random guess or an “a slip of tongue ”,it ’s a failure performance to a known system.An error has direct relation with the learners’language competence. Results from Lack of knowledgein the target language. Language error cannot be self-corrected no matter how much attention ispaidDealing with spoken errors: tasks or activities are focusing on accuracy or fluency. Balance between accuracy-based activities and fluency-based activities..When to correct: fluency work---not to interrupt, after the student’s performance; accuracy work---need to intervene moreHow to correct: direct teacher correction, indirect teacher correction, self-correction, peer correction, whole class correction.Goal of teaching pronunciation:Consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and naturalIntelligibility : the pronunciation should be understandable t o the listenersCommunicative efficiency : the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intendedby the speaker.Aspects of pronunciation: besides sounds and phonetic symbols, such as stress (strong and weak form, word stress and sentence stress), intonation and rhythm (variation).Perception practice: using minimal pairs, which order, same or different? Oddand out, Completion.Production practice: listen and repeat, fill the blanks, make up sentences, use meaningful context, use picture, use tongue twisters.Grammar presentation: The deductive method, the inductive method, theguided discovery methodGrammar practice: mechanical practice and meaningful/ communicative practice.Mechanical practice: involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy. Students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure. Substitution drill and transformation drills.Meaningful practice: focus on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students keep an eye on the way newly learned structures are used in the process. It comes after mechanical practice. (Comparatives and superlatives). Using picture prompts, using mimes or gestures as prompts, using information sheet as prompts, using key phrases or key words as prompts, using chained phrases for story telling, using created situations.What does knowing a word involve? Denotative meaning; connotative meaning;chunk/collocations; synonyms, antonyms and hyponyms; receptive and productive vocabulary.Denotative meaning of a word or a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label thingsas regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc. in the physical world. Primary meaning ofa word.A connotative meaning of a word refers to the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosinga word and the influence of these on the listener or reader ’s interpretation of the word.Collocations refer to words that co-occur with high frequency and have been accepted as waysfor the use of words. For instance, see, look at, watch.Hyponyms refer to words which can be grounded together under the same superordinate concept. Receptive/passive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or writing. Those words that oneis not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing are considered as one’s productive/active vocabulary.Ways of presenting vocabulary: inductive and deductive.Ways of consolidating vocabulary: labeling; spot the difference; describe and draw; play a game; use words series; word bingo; word association; finding synonyms and antonyms; categories; using word net-work; using the internet resources for more ideas.Developing vocabulary learning strategies: review regularly, guess meaning from context, organize vocabulary effectively, use a dictionary, and manage strategy use.Principles and models for teaching listening: focus on process, combine listening with other skills (listening can be practice with not-taking, and answers, role plays, retelling, interviewing, discussions, or a writing task), focus on the comprehension of meaning, grade difficulty level appropriately, principles for selecting and using listening activities.Two approaches are frequently used to describe different processes of listening.Bottom-up model and Top-down model.Bottom-up model:从细节下手start with sound and meaning recognitions. Listeners construct meaning of what they hear based on the sound they hear, expect the listeners have a very effective short-term memory as they have to make sense of every sound in order to figure out the meaningof words, phrase, and structures. If there are unfamiliar sounds, listeners will find it very difficultto keep up with speaker. --- recognizing sounds of words, phrases or structures.Top-down model: 侧重纲要listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized. Listeners can understand better if they already have some knowledge in their mind about the topic. Such knowledge is also termedas prior knowledge or schematic knowledge---mental frameworks for various things and experience we hold in our long-term memory. ---referring meaning from broad contextual clues and background knowledge.Three teaching stages: pre-listening—warming up; while-listening---listening comprehension; post-listening---checking answers.Teaching speakingLess complex syntax, short cuts, incomplete sentences, devices such as fillers, hesitation device to give time to thinking before speaking, false start, spontaneous, time-constraint.Types of speaking:pre-communicative activities— mechanical activities; communicative activities---meaningful activities.Controlled activities, semi-controlled activities, communicative activities: Information-gap activities; dialogues and role-plays; activities using pictures; problem-solving activities; change the story; human scrabbleOrganizing speaking tasks: use small group workTeaching readingThe construction of meaning from a printed or written message.Two broad levels in the act reading.1). A recognition task of perceiving visual signals from the printed page through the eyes.2). A cognitive task of interpreting the visual information revealing the received information withthe reader’s own general knowledge, and reconstructing the meaning that the writer had meantto convey.For teaching: intensive/extensive readingIn terms of methods: skimming/scanning/predictingFor reading practice: reading aloud/silent readingThe role of vocabulary in reading: sight vocabulary : words that one is able to recognize immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary.Principles and models for teaching reading : bottom-up model; top-down model; interactive modelPre-reading activities: predicting (predicting based on the tile/ based on vocabulary/basedon the T/F questions) setting the scene, skimming, and scanningWhile-reading activities: TD (a transition device)Reading comprehension questions: 1. questions of literal comprehension 2. Questions involving reorganization or reinterpretation 3. Questions for inference (what is implied but not explicitly stated) 4. questions for evaluation or appreciation(making judgment about what the writer is trying to do and how successful he/she is in achieving his/her purpose) 5. Questions for personal responseIntensive reading is an accuracy-oriented activity involving reading for detail; the main purpose is to learn language embedded in the reading texts, which are usually short. Extensive reading is a fluency activity. The main purpose is to achieve global understanding. Te reading texts usually contains less new vocabulary and is longer than those intended for intensive reading.Teaching writingWriting for consolidating language, writing for communication, between writing for learning and writing for communication, imaginationNot have a real communicative purpose; for language skill; a little bit communicative; communicative approach; neither restrictions in contents nor in word limit; more communicative; more motivatedCA: communication approachA Productive approach to writing成就法/a prose model approach---fruitlessA Processapproach to writing 过程法 : The teacher provides to guide students through the process that they undergo when they are writing. This kind of guidance should be gradually withdrawn so that the students can finally become independent writers.Main procedures of processwriting include: creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading and conferencing.。
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自考英语教学法知识点总结：中学英语教学指导思想：是对中学英语教学的总体科学认识，包括对教学目的，教学路子的认识以及科学观，学习观，教学观等。
智力因素主要包括：思维力，记忆力，想象力，观察力，注意力等。
非智力因素包括：动机，兴趣，情感，意志，性格等。
语言是指语言系统，也就是语音，词汇，语法系统。
言语是指人们使用语言所进行的表达和理解的话语活动，也就是说听，说，读，写活动。
教学路子指的是达到教学目的基本途径或总路线，包括成体系的教学法。
语感是指学习者对语言信息的敏锐感知和理解，是自动化的意识活动。
教学基本原则是教学指导思想的组成部分，是指导思想的具体化，条理化，在中学英语教学法科学体系中占有重要的地位。
语法是对语言的一般描述，主要是对其组织原则的理论描述, ______学，句法学，词汇学，语义学。
“双规”化简就是运用语音规则，把大量的表面看起来相当复杂的词的读音和拼写化繁为简，化难为易。
句型也叫句式，是从口语和书面语的无数实际句子中概括出来的句子模型或模式，句型是有代表性的，常用性的。
分析性听：是指在听的活动中有明显的语言分析，另外是指把听的材料分析为各个语言层次，让学生分步听，进行听的基本功训练。
综合性听：是指在听的活动中无明显的语言分析而直接达到对内容的理解，也指在听力基本功训练基础上所进行的整篇成文的听的练习。
话语结构就是说话的套路，说的各句子之间的联系规律。
泛读就是广泛地阅读，大量地阅读，快速地阅读。
默读泛指一切不出声地读，默读既包括不出声地“声读”，也包括直接理解文字地“视读”。
实行纵式阅读：真正的默读一般都是快速阅读，在阅读过程中，人的目光主要表现为上下移动，因而阅读有慢速的横向或横式转变为纵向或纵式。
写的含义：在教学中写有两个方面的含义，一是书写或书法，包括字母，单词，句子，标点符号，国际音标的正确写法；二是写作，即笔头表达，如作文，写信，写日记等。
心理控制法：即惊异，悬念，满足。
密度：指单位时间所授教学内容。
广度：这包括两个方面，一是学生的活动面要广，二是教学内容所涉及的面要广。
深度：就是课堂教学内容要有一定的难度。
灵活度：指在练习中学生所表现的理解的多层次程度和表达的多样化程度。
独立度：指教师指导的程度和学生独立的程度。
测试：主要是用来了解，检查和鉴定学习者掌握英语的实际水平的一种手段。
资质倾向测试：是指对学习者的天赋的测定，目的在于了解被测者今后学习外语时是否具有些较强的潜在的学习能力。
诊断测试：目的在于了解被测者在外语学习上的困难或缺陷或发现讲授上的薄弱环节，以便采取相应的补救措施。
综合性测试：目的在于测定被测者的语言知识和言语技能综合运用的能力，使教学得以正常的进行，从而提高教学质量。
常模：是指根据同一批被测者在掌握外语方面所获得的平均水平。
能力测试：目的在于了解被测者懂外语的程度，不要求其熟练程度。
效度：只测试的内容及其方式是否符合测试的目的要求。
信度：只测试成绩的稳定性和一致性。
艺术性教学：几乎包括教学的一切方面：备课和上课，讲和练，语言和书法，姿势和动作，风度和神情，组织形式和活动节奏以及绘画，音乐，造型，表演等等。
教态：是教师本能在学生心目中直观性最强，表率性最强的整体形象。
教学艺术的基本三要素：板书同教态，语言。
板书的艺术性一方面表现于字体的美观，工整，另一方面表现于整个黑板版面的设计与安排。
电化教学：就是使用录音机，幻灯机，投影器，录像机，电视机，电影机等现代化设备所进行的英语教学。
立体教学：即教学向空间发展，在于现实生活相仿的环境中进行。
强化是全面的，最大限度的调动学生的积极心理因素，包括智力和非智力因素以及个性因素。
暗示教学法：认为理智和情感，分析和综合，有意识和无意识，都是不可分割的统一体。
语法翻译法：是在十八世纪末的欧洲兴起的一种英语教学法，以语法为中心，学习外语意味着学习记忆语法规则，并通过大量的翻译练习来强化记忆。
其特点是：1.重视书面语，轻视口语；2.重视语法教学；3.充分利用本族语以翻译为主要学习活动形式；4.句子是教学和练习的基本单位。
听说法：是在美国产生的一种教学法，其特点是：1.重视听说，兼顾读写；2.反复操练，形成习惯；3.围绕句型学习语言；4.对比结构，确定难点。
反思法：是运用反向思维对现有的理论和观点提出对应意见的一种研究方法。
控制法：它要求在实验中控制一种独立较量，除了依赖变量以外，保持其他变量的稳定，然后观察研究所控制的独立变量对依赖变量所造成的影响结果。
简答题研究和学习英语教学法的目的1. 关于方法的知识是最有用的知识；2.。
建立具有中国特色的英语教学法体系；3.提高英语教师的英语水平。
英语教学法学科的特点1.一个发展中的学科；2.一个多边缘的学科；3.实践性很强的理论学科；4.似易而实难的学科。
研究和学习英语教学法的方法1.对立统一，系统全面；2.分层次，成体系；3.立观点，找路子；4.求规律，定模式。
怎样实现英语教学目的的系统认识中学英语教学的目的是对学生进行听，说，读，写的基础训练，培养学生在口头上和书面上初步运用英语的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，为进一步学习和运用英语切实打好基础，应从以下五方面保证其目的：1.语言基础知识和语言基本技巧的教学；2.言语基本技能的训练；3.学习能力的培养；4.智力因素和非智力因素的开发；5,文化素养的提高。
中学英语教学的路子教学路子指的是达到教学目的的基本途径或总路线，包括成体系的教学方法，1.正确处理教人，教文化，教语言的关系；2.正确处理教知识和教能力的关系；3.正确处理听，说，读，写的关系；4.正确处理句型，功能，课文的关系；5.正确处理语音，语法，词汇的关系；6.确立立体式的中学英语教学模式。
教学基本原则教学基本原则是教学指导思想的组成部分，是指导思想的具体化，条理化，在中学英语教学法科学体系中占有重要的地位，以下是八项一般教学原则：1.高速度与程序，反馈，循序渐进统一；2.高难度与可接受性，巩固性，有效性统一；3.直观性，启发性与系统性，结构性统一；4.激发认识兴趣和求知需要，动机与理解学习过程统一；5.理论联系实际与理论知识起了主导作用统一；6.科学性与教育性，思想性，目的性，自觉性，积极性，独立性统一；7.自身发展与因材施教统一；8.创设最优教学条件与各种教学方法和教学形式的最优结合统一。
语音教学的问题和困难1.对语音教学重视不够；2.对语音教学的内容和任务把握不够；3.对语音教学长期性认识不够；4.教师语音不标准，示范声音低，学生听得不准确，不清楚；5.大班教学，单独练习机会少。
语音教学原则和方法1.先听音，后开口，听清发准；2.严格要求于适当“宽容”结合；3.入门阶段的语音教学与整个学程的语音教学结合；4.模仿练习与掌握规则结合，；5.单音，单词，词组，句子结合；6.集体活动与个别活动结合。
语法教学的问题和困难可归为“五重”和“五轻”，即重知识传授，轻技能训练；重详细讲解，轻反复练习；重书面练习，轻口头练习；重语法分析，轻语法使用；重掌握规则，轻掌握实例。
语法教学要以实践为纲，以技能为核心语法教学原则和方法要点1.多样性；2.层次性；3.交际性；4.思维性；5.目的性；6.阶段循环，突出重点。
语法教学的基本套路和技术1.逐步渗透，自然习惯；2.提炼句型，列出公式；3.创设情景，形象直观；4.英英比较，英汉对比；5.图表概括，印象深刻；6.系统讲解，深化理解；7.诗歌作例，生动有趣；8.练中有讲，及时点悟。
词汇教学的问题和困难1.孤立数词，讲得过多，消化不良；2.接触少，重复少，吸收少；3.主次不分，平均用力，负担过重；4.系统性不够强，边学习边遗忘。
词汇教学原则和方法要点1.质量并重，逐层加深；2.立足于词汇系统之上，着眼于词汇教学之外；3.集中分散，交替互补。
句型教学的问题和困难1.独立性不够；2.演化性不够句型教学的意义和作用1.减轻学生心理压力；2.有利于精讲多练；3.通向熟练掌握的一种捷径。
句型教学原则和方法要点1.句型教学和课文教学结合；2.机器操练与意义操练结合；3.句型教学与听说综合训练结合。
句型教学的基本套路和技术1.新旧联系，归纳比较；2.句型新，单词旧和句型熟，单词生；3.大量重复，适当变化；4.创造情景，联系语法；5.集中操练，分散安排；6.照顾全面，因材施教。
课文教学的问题和困难1.课文教学不教课文；2.方法单调，技能单一；3.教师活动多，学生活动少；4,。
机械背诵，食而不化。
课文教学原则和方法要点1.灵活性和巩固性结合；2.整体教学和模式教学结合；3.划分类别，突出重点；4.直接理解和复用为主，翻译为辅。
课文教学的基本套路和技术1.课文教学各部分所占时间和精力；2.课文教学的过程和步骤；3.课文教学中的讲解听的困难1.语言上的困难；2.内容上的困难；3.心理上的困难。
听的教学原则和要点1.分析性听和综合性听结合；2.分散训练和集中训练结合；3.理解和反应结合。
听和练的基本形式1 试听配合2 读听配合3 写听配合4 听说配合说的困难 1 开口的困难2 继续说的困难说的教学原则和方法要点1 语言训练和思维训练结合2 精确表达训练和模糊表达训练结合3 模仿性的说和创造性地说相结合4 有准备的说于无准备的说相结合说合练的基本形式1 句型操练2 配对对话练习3 话语结构练习4 课文活用联系5 情景说话练习6 说话表演练习读的困难1 朗读的困难2 默读困难读的教学原则和方法要点1阅读方法和材料目的一致2 独立阅读为主3 朗读于默读结合，精度与泛读结合，课内度与课外读结合。
怎样做到用英语教英语 1.要尽量使用学生已学过的语言；2.要把用英语教英语和复习已交过，但在课本里重复不够的材料结合起来；3.要随着教学的进行不断更行所使用的语言；4.要制定用英语教英语的专门计划。
测试评估的五方面1.效度（有效性）是指测试的内容及其方式是否符合测试的目的，要求；2.信度（可靠性）指测试成绩的稳定性和一致性；3.可行性只测试的实施是否可行，会不会遇到困难，是否切合测试时的实际条件等；4.区别度指表示试题对学生语言水平鉴别能力的指标；5.难度指试题的难易程度。
艺术性教学的意义和作用1.增强美，育，美是学生全面发展的重要方面，加强英语教学的艺术性对于美育具有很好的促进作用；2.开发非智力因素，通过听说读写活动在美的欣赏中的培养，使苦化为乐，化紧张度为轻松，使学生的动机，兴趣，情感，自信等非智力因素得到开发；3.开发智力，智力的基本因素：注意力，观察力，记忆力。
想象力，思维力等在教学中都应得到开发；4.调动大脑右半球的学习潜力，因为大脑右半球的功能是直感，综合，创造性思维，情感，以及对视觉，空间关系，音系，舞蹈，节奏和躯体协调等的控制，就学习而言，大脑右半球的功能倾向于整体性学习和运动性学习；5.加强刺激，外语学习是多层次的活动，一方面不能很简单的归结为刺激反应行为，另一方面也需要肯定刺激反应行为的重要作用。