中央民族大学-2018年-硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲-211 翻译硕士英语
2020-2021中央民族大学050103汉语言文字学考研招生人数、考试科目、参考书、考研大纲考研经验分数线报录比
2020-2021中央民族大学006文学与新闻传播学院050103汉语言文字学考研招生人数、考试科目、参考书、考研大纲、考研经验分数线报录比招生人数、考试科目新祥旭邓老师初复试必看参考书：一、专业课指定(或建议)参考书目1.《中国文学史》第四版高等教育出版社袁行霈主编2007年版2.《中国现代文学三十年》北京大学出版社钱理群等编著3.《中国当代文学史》北京大学出版社4.《文学理论教程》高等教育出版社童庆炳主编2004年版5.《古代汉语》中华书局6.《现代汉语》第四版高等教育出版社7《新祥旭中民大汉语言文学考研专业课高分通关宝典》二、专业课扩展参考资料1.历年真题(主要09年以后的真题）2.《中国文学批评史》上海古籍出版社20013.3《文学理论》韦勒克沃伦三联出版社1984上表是我能在网上查到的最新的中央民族大学文学院的报录比情况。
本专业考研报考录取情况为：每个专业每年招收6名（包括推免生）左右，报名人数每年不同，大约在30-50人左右，古代文学、现当代文学报考比较热门，文艺学、文字学上线人数不足，多会接受调剂考生。
关于你不知道的中民大文传学院：民大为北京地区211985高校，文传学院也是民大的重点学院，其中古代文学、现当代文学均有博士点，复试比例为1:2，最终招收学生较少，淘汰率较大，复试线大于等于国家线，要根据当年考试情况具体划线。
初试科目为大综合，涉及语言类、文学类，内容多、重点并不突出，并且考试卷中题目少、分值大，如果遇到不熟悉或者不会的题，必定会拉分，不利于总成绩和总排名。
仔细研究真题后可以探究出题规律。
关于专业指导复习内容：语言类和文学类的考试特点大不相同，语言类除了知识点，更重要的是运用，必须熟练掌握词法句法，勤做练习。
文学类的科目需要理解掌握，这样才能适应各类题型。
中国古代文学史的复习我主要是注重课本，注重基础知识，需要花大工夫，古代文学的各个朝代都不要忽视，命题人已经在有意打破往年的出题规律了，所以不能抓大放小，而是要面面俱到。
硕士研究生入学考试初试科目设置一览表
▲414-植物生理学与生物化学或▲415-动物生理学与生物化学（150分）
水产养殖*
416-普通动物学与普通生态学（150分）
捕捞学*、渔业资源*
417-普通生态学与鱼类学（150分）
其它学科、专业
▲414-植物生理学与生物化学或▲415-动物生理学与生物化学或招生单位自命题科目(代码使用8××或9××，考试时间三小时以上六小时以下的科目代码使用5××）（150分）
2.招生单位自命题科目均可选用相应单元的统考试题。
3.括号内所注分值为该栏考试科目的满分值。
专业学位硕士研究生入学考试初试科目设置及试题选用一览表
序号
类别码
类别名称
第一单元科目
第二单元科目
第三单元科目
第四单元科目
1
0251
金融
▲101-思想政治理论(100分)
▲201-英语一或▲204-英语二或▲202-俄语或▲203-日语，统考外国语以外的其它语种，由单位自命题(科目代码使用240-289)(100分)
7
0352
社会工作
331-社会工作原理(150分)
437-社会工作实务（150分）
8
0353
警务
332-警务硕士专业基础(150分)
438-警务硕士专业综合（150分）
9
0451
教育
333-教育综合(150分)
招生单位自命题科目(代码使用8××或9××) （150分）
10
0553
新闻与传播
334-新闻与传播专业综合能力(150分)
440-新闻与传播专业基础(150分)
11
0554
三峡大学考研真题211翻译硕士英语2018年硕士研究生专业课考试试题
A. would B. could
C. should D. might
13. Due to the unpromising weather conditions, they had to make ________ changes to the itinerary.
A. initial B. essential
A. didn't it B. doesn't there
C. usedn't it? D. didn't there
16. It is an offence to showagainst people of different races.
C. substantial D. official
14. It's high time wecutting down the rain forests.
A. stopped B. had to stop
C. shall stop D. stop
15 There used to be a petrol station near the park,?
A. employment to rise B. employment rises
C. which rising employment D. the rise of employment
4. Our flight toGuangzhouwas ______ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.
A. hostile B. anxious
C. tedious D. obscure
中央民族大学2024年研究生考试初试大纲 850数学(微积分、线性代数)
中央民族大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码：850科目名称：数学（微积分、线性代数）Ⅰ.考查目标数学综合考试涵盖微积分学、线性代数两门基础课程。
要求考生掌握上述学科的基础知识、基本概念、基本方法，能够综合运用所学知识去分析和解决一些简单的现实问题。
Ⅱ.考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试三、试卷内容结构全部为必答题。
其中微积分90分，线性代数60分四、试卷题型结构单项选择题9个共27分，其中微积分6个，线性代数3个，每个3分；填空题11个共33分，其中微积分7个，线性代数4个，每空3分；计算题5个共60分，其中微积分3个，线性代数2个，每个12分；证明题2个共30分，其中微积分1个，线性代数1个，每个15分。
Ⅲ.考查范围第一部分微积分【考查目标】1.准确识记微积分的基本知识。
2.准确理解微积分的基本概念和基本原理。
3.能够运用基本的数学知识、概念和原理解决一些简单的现实问题。
一、函数与极限（一）映射与函数（二）数列的极限（三）函数的极限（四）无穷小与无穷大（五）极限运算法则（六）极限存在准则，两个重要极限（七）无穷小的比较（八）函数的连续性与间断点（九）连续函数的运算与初等函数的连续性（十）闭区间上连续函数的性质（不包括一致连续性）二、导数与微分（一）导数概念（二）函数的求导法则（三）高阶导数（四）隐函数及由参数方程所确定的函数的导数（五）函数的微分三、微分中值定理与导数的应用（一）微分中值定理（二）洛必达法则（三）泰勒公式（四）函数的单调性与曲线的凹凸性（五）函数的极值与最大最小值（六）函数图形的描绘四、不定积分（一）不定积分的概念与性质（二）换元积分法（三）分部积分法（四）有理函数的积分五、定积分（一）定积分的概念和性质（二）微积分基本公式（三）定积分的换元法和分部积分法（四）反常积分六、定积分的应用（一）定积分的元素法（二）定积分在几何学上的应用七、多元函数微分法及其应用（一）多元函数的基本概念（二）偏导数（三）全微分（四）多元复合函数的求导法则（五）隐函数的求导公式（六）多元函数的极值及其求法八、重积分（一）二重积分的概念与性质（二）二重积分的计算法（三）二重积分的应用第二部分线性代数【考查目标】1.准确识记线性代数的基本知识。
中南民族大学2019年外语学院硕士研究生入学考试初试、复试科目设置及参考书目
①应用语言学 ②翻译不指定参考书
3
加试科目及参考书 目
★045108 学科教 00 学（英语）
不区分研究方向
①101思想政治理论 ②204英语二 ③333教育综合 ④869综合英语
教育综合参考书 目： 1）全国十二所重 点师范大学联合 编写．教育学基 础(第3版)，教育 科学出版社， 2015年. 2）马云鹏、孔凡 哲. 教育研究方 法，东北师范大 学出版社，2006 年.
050211 外国语言 学及应用语言学
03
英语教育
010 外语学 院（02767842765 1 ）
中南民族大学2019年硕士研究生入学考试初试、复试科目设置及参考书目一览表
学院代码 及名称 招生专业 研究方 研究方向名称 向代码 初试科目代码及名称 初试第二单元 参考书目（仅 外语学院） 初试第三单元 参考书目 初试第四单元 复试科目及参考书目 参考书目
1）汉语写作分 应用文写作和命 题作文，不指定 参考书目。 2）百科知识主 要考查中外（外 国以英美国家为 主）的历史、文 化、文学、政治 、地理等常识。 中国方面可参考 叶朗编著《中国 文化读本》（外 语教学与研究出 版社，2016年第 二版）、陶嘉炜 著《中国文化概 要》（北京大学 出版社，2015年 第二版），英美 方面可参考梅仁 毅著《英语国家 社会与文化》 （外语教学与研 究出版社，2010 年版）。
01
英语语言学
624基础英语 参考书目： 李观仪、梅德明 主编《新编英语 教程》1-6册，上 海外语教育出版 社，第三版。
02
应用语言学
02方向：英美文学专业基 础； 01、03方向：语言学基 础； 参考书目： 1）吴伟仁：《英国文学 史及选读》1－2外语教学 与研究出版社，2008年版 (第13次印刷)。 2）吴伟仁：《美国文学 史及选读》1－2外语教学 与研究出版社，2010年版 848写作与翻译 3）胡壮麟：《语言学教 （写作翻译各75 程》，北京大学出版社， 分） 第四版。 参考书目： 陈宏薇、李亚丹 编著：《新编汉 ①写作 英翻译教程》， ②翻译不指定参考书 上海外语教育出 版社，2013年 （第二版修订 版）。 语言学基础参考书目： 胡壮麟：《语言学教程 》，北京大学出版社，第 四版。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）考试大纲是针对全国硕士研究生招生考试英语科目的唯一官方指南，旨在为考试提供明确的指导和规范。
以下是2024年版的英语（一）考试大纲，主要包括总体要求、考试内容和考试形式等方面。
一、总体要求英语（一）考试大纲明确要求考生应具备以下能力：1.掌握英语语言基本知识和技能，具备较好的阅读、写作、翻译和表达能力；2.具备扎实的专业基础，能够运用英语进行学术研究和交流；3.具备一定的跨文化交流能力，能够理解和尊重不同文化背景下的价值观和习俗。
二、考试内容英语（一）考试主要包括四个部分：阅读理解、写作、翻译和听力。
1.阅读理解：阅读理解部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取信息、理解文章结构和逻辑关系的能力。
考试内容涉及各种类型的文章，包括说明文、议论文、记叙文等。
要求考生能够准确理解文章的主旨、细节和推理判断，并能根据上下文推测生词的意义。
2.写作：写作部分主要测试考生的英语表达能力，包括短文写作和命题作文等题型。
短文写作要求考生能够根据给定的主题或情景，写出一篇结构清晰、语言流畅、表达准确的短文。
命题作文则要求考生根据给定的题目和提示，写出一篇观点鲜明、论证有力的议论文或说明文。
3.翻译：翻译部分主要测试考生将英语翻译成汉语的能力。
考试内容涉及各种类型的文章，包括说明文、议论文、记叙文等。
要求考生能够准确理解英文原意，用汉语流畅表达出来，同时注意翻译的准确性和语言表达的地道性。
4.听力：听力部分主要测试考生通过听力获取信息的能力。
考试内容通常包括对话、讲座、新闻报道等形式。
要求考生能够理解听力材料的主旨和细节，并根据所听内容作出推理判断或完成相关任务。
三、考试形式英语（一）考试采用闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为180分钟，总分100分。
各部分所占分值为：阅读理解部分40分，写作部分30分，翻译部分20分，听力部分10分。
考试难度和内容将根据考生的具体专业和报考院校的要求而定。
翻译硕士考试大纲
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试考试大纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。
全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。
根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及教学司[2009]22号文件精神，现制定全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。
.一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（外语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力，招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士X语》（含英语、法语、日语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种），第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》（含英汉、法汉、日汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对）以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士X语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《X语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行，与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。
华南农业大学-2018年-硕士研究生入学-《翻译硕士英语(211)》考试大纲
命题方式
招生单位自命题
科目类别
初试满分100源自考试性质考试方式和考试时间
试卷结构
考试内容和考试要求
备注
参考书目：
1、《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试指南》，全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会编，外语教学与研究出版社，2009年。
2、《英语口译教程》（上、下册），仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2006。
3、《商务英语口译（第二版）》，赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009。
4、《商务英语翻译（英译汉）》（第二版），李明主编，高等教育出版社，2011。
5、《实用文化翻译学》，包惠南、包昂编著，上海科学普及出版社，2000。
翻译硕士考研大纲及参考书目
翻译硕士考研大纲及参考书目翻译硕士考研大纲及参考书目1.翻译硕士英语(1)大纲。
①考试目的。
翻译硕士英语作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
②性质及范围。
本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
③基本要求。
a。
具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10000以上，掌握6000个以上(以英语为例)的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
b。
能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
c。
具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
(2)考试解析。
基础英语分为三个部分，词汇语法30分，阅读理解40分，英语写作30分。
词汇语法部分出题灵活，题型多样，最常见的是选择题形式以及比较有难度的改错题形式，其难度相当于英语专业八级的水平。
因此，考生在备考阶段就要多背单词，在此基础上大量地做单词语法题和专八系列的改错题，反复记忆，总结技巧。
阅读理解部分，传统选择题的难度大致为专八水平，但也可能出现GRE水平的理解题，而对于一些非传统的阅读题型，比如paraphrase，answerquestions等，考查的不仅是阅读能力和理解能力，也在一定程度上考查考生的表达能力。
所以，在平时做阅读理解题的过程中，考生要有意识地强化自己的语言“输出”能力，不可词不达意。
英语写作部分类似于专八水平，但有的学校可能为更突出时效性，会考一些时事文题。
考生在平时要多写、多练、多积累、多揣摩、多思考，不可一味地求数量而忽视每一篇的质量。
(3)参考书目。
①姜桂华。
中式英语之鉴[M]。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000.②张汉熙。
高级英语[M]。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1995.③蒋显璟。
英美散文选读[M]。
北京：对外经贸大学出版社，2008.④谭载喜。
211翻译硕士英语考试大纲
211翻译硕士英语考试大纲一、考察目标《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
考试范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能，具体要求如下：1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000以上，掌握6,000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
二、考试主要内容本考试包括以下部分：闭合填空、词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分100分。
1.闭合填空1）考试要求主要考查学生对语言的综合理解与运用。
2）题型填空题。
总分10分。
考试时间为30分钟。
1.词汇语法1）考试要求○1词汇量要求考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
○2语法要求考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2）题型选择题或闭合填空。
总分30分。
考试时间为60分钟。
2. 阅读理解1）考试要求○1能读懂常见外刊上的专题报道、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
○2能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2）题型选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
总分40分。
考试时间为60分钟。
3．英语写作1）题型○1摘要写作。
总分20分。
○2命题作文。
总分30分。
写作部分考试时间为90分钟。
2）考试要求○1摘要写作：考生根据所给出的一篇1200字左右的阅读文章，撰写能够体现原文主要内容的摘要一篇，字数不得多于原文的20%。
○2命题作文：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
专业学位硕士研究生入学考试初试科目设置及试题选用一览表(2018年)
专业学位硕士研究生入学考试初试科目设置及试题选用一览表（2018）
序号 类别码
类别名称 第一单元科目 第二单元科目 第三单元科目 第四单元科目
1
0251 金融 ▲101-思想政治理论， 111-单
独考试思想政治理论(100分) ▲201-英语一或▲204-英语二或▲202-俄语或
▲203-日语；
其它语种由招生单位设置自命题科目(100分)
▲303-数学三（150分）或
◆396-经济类联考综合能力（150） ★431-金融学综合（150分）
2
0252 应用统
计 ★432-统计学（150分）
3
0253 税务 ★433-税务专业基础（150分）
4
0254 国际商
务
★434-国际商务专业基础
（150分）
5
0255 保险 ★435-保险专业基础（150分）
6
0256 资产评估 ★436-资产评估专业基础（150分）
7
0352 社会工
作
★331-社会工作原理(150
分)
★437-社会工
作实务（150
分） 8
0353 警务
★332-警务硕士专业基础
(150分)
★438-警务硕士专业综合或
招生单位自命
题科目（150分）
9
0451 教育 ★333-教育综合(150分)
招生单位自命题科目（150分）
105新
★334-新闻与传播专业综合★440-新闻与。
翻译硕士MTI参考书目
广东外语外贸大学 英语笔译、英语口译 复试参考书目 ? 991|翻译实务（笔译）:1、《实用翻译教程（修订版）》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社， 2007 年。 2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008 年。 3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007 年。 4、《商务英语口译》（第二版），赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009 年。 5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍。 ? 992|面试（含口译）:1、《实用翻译教程（修订版）》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007 年。 2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008 年。 3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007 年。 4、《商务英语口译》（第二版），赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009 年。 5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍。
法语口译 复试参考书目 ? 993|翻译实务（笔译）:1、《法语》1-4 册， 北京外国语大学法语系马晓宏等编， 外语 教学与研究出版社，1992 年。 2、《法语》5-6 册 ，束景哲主编， 上海外语教育出版社，1991 年。 3、《法语口译实务(2 级)》，陈伟， 外语出版社，2005 年。 4、《法语口译实务(3 级)》，蔡小红, 外语出版社，2005 年。 5、有关法国文学史、法国当代文化方面的书籍。 ? 994|面试（含口译）:1、《法语》1-4 册， 北京外国语大学法语系马晓宏等编， 外语教 学与研究出版社，1992 年。 2、《法语》5-6 册 ，束景哲主编， 上海外语教育出版社，1991 年。 3、《法语口译实务(2 级)》，陈伟， 外语出版社，2005 年。 4、《法语口译实务(3 级)》，蔡小红, 外语出版社，2005 年。 5、有关法国文学史、法国当代文化方面的书籍。
2020-2021中央民族大学外国语学院0502Z1翻译学考研招生人数、考试科目、专业指导、参考书目、考研经验大纲
2020-2021中央民族大学013外国语学院0502Z1翻译学考研招生人数、考试科目、专业指导、参考书目、考研经验大纲招生人数、考试科目、参考书目、1．《英语口译教程》（上、下册），仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2006 2．《翻译学概论》，许钧穆雷主编，译林出版社，20093.《文学翻译》，张保红编著，外语教学与研究出版社，20114.《会议口译常用语手册》，詹成著，外语教学与研究出版▶复试初试成绩出了之后，我几乎不抱希望了。
所以复试线出了之后，我才开始复习。
我怕被刷掉，所以我还报了校内调剂，擦线党谨慎起见可以参加一下调剂。
看往年经验，复试考查内容是视译和提问。
不知道为什么我看没要求笔试，所以我就没有准备视译，最后我强作镇定翻译下来。
老师给我的翻译文章是政经类的，一两百字，让看1分半左右。
我套用了从韩刚老师那儿学到的一些句型词组，比如be committed to, strive to, usher in,moment um,foster/boost/galvanize之类的。
由于我是跨专业，老师就问了我觉得自己跨专业有什么优势。
我是从两方面回答的，一是我有别人没有的经管知识背景，二是我参加的一些领导力培养活动使我更具学习力和组织性。
老师追问：whatcanelaborateyourlearningcapacity,我说我在半年内通过了N2考试可以证明。
我提前参加了本校义务组织的考研英语面试培训，所以我有了心理准备。
我的答案也算投其所好，我准备了许多，但并没有发挥出来，我挺懊丧的。
我建议大家提前准备，听完老师提问，你心里有个框架再回答。
大家要多练习一下即时反应。
第二天我参加二外听力测试。
我几乎没听懂，也没几个人听懂。
听力占的分值不高，所以大家不必花精力复习。
还有一个小诀窍，跨专业的同学可以准备一份中英文简历，这样你可以用绩点和分数突出你的学习能力和语言水平。
▶心态和信息在我看来，考研期间最重要的是心态和信息。
中南民族大学2016年专业学位硕士研究生入学考试初试、复试
3）张斌贤主编，王晨副主编：《外国教育史》，教育科学出版社，2008年版。
4）张大均主编：《教育心理学》，人民教育出版社，2011年版。
818普通心理学
参考书目：
1）彭聃龄：《普通心理学》，北京师范大学出版社，2012年版。
课程与教学论
4）张大均主编：《教育心理学》，人民教育出版社，2011年版。
861体育教学论
参考书目：
1）毛振明主编：《体育教学论》(第二版)，高等教育出版社，2011年3月版。
体育概论
参考书目：
1）杨文轩、杨霆著：《体育概论》，高等教育出版社，2005年7月版。
1学校体育学
2运动训练学
参考书目：
1）潘邵伟、于可红主编：《学校体育学》(第二版)，高等教育出版社，2008年6月版。
中国方面可参考叶朗编著《中国文化读本》（外语教学与研究出版社，2008年版）
英美方面可参考历年专八考试人文知识部分。
1听力
2笔译
1口译
进行能力测试，不指定参考书目。
①写作
②翻译
进行写作和翻译能力测试，不指定参考书。
055102英语口译
005文学与新闻传播学院（027-67842864）
0552新闻与传播
▲204英语二
全国统考科目
▲302数学二
全国统考科目
838有机化学或839无机化学
（任选一门）
参考书目
1）胡宏纹主编：《有机化学》，上、下册，高等教育出版社，第三版，2006年5月版。
2）武汉大学、吉林大学等编：《无机化学》，高等教育出版社，第三版，1994年版。
化学综合知识
全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试考试大纲(教指委更新)
考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识
2. 题型：
多项选择或改错题
II. 阅读理解
1. 要求：
1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度
体裁可以是说明文、议论文或应用文
文字要求通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰
当，文笔优美
2. 题型
试卷给出情景和题目，由考生根据提示写作
共计60分
考试时间为60分钟
答题和计分
要求考生用钢笔或圆珠笔做在答题卷上
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养
全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础
根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及教学司[2009]22号文件精神，现制定全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲
.
一、考试目的
《汉语写作与百科知识》考试内容一览表
序号 题型 题量 分值 时间 （分钟） 1 百科知识 25个选择题 50 60 2 应用文写作 一段应用文体文章，约450个汉字 40 60 6 命题作文 一篇800汉字的现代汉语文章 60 60 共计： 150 180
文档来自网络，是本人收藏整理的，如有遗漏，差错，还请大家指正！
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试
考试大纲（教指委更新）
总 则
全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才
翻译硕士英语考试试题
翻译硕⼠英语考试试题XX⼤学2011年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题考试科⽬：（ 211 ）( 翻译硕⼠英语 )适⽤专业：（ 0552 ）( 翻译 )（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或其它纸上⽆效）I. Multiple Choice (20*0.5 point)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. You will be ______ the fine if you tell us who else was involved.A. sparedB. revealedC. forgivenD. given2. He has been ______ every mail as he cherishes a hope that one day his missingbrother will contact him.A. watching outB. watching atC. watching forD. watching in3. Some people enjoy talking about their fears while others ______ being asked todiscuss their personal feelings.A. refuseB. declineC. resentD. promote4. He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’imprisonment for ______ severalcrimes.A. committingB. makingC. conductingD. undertaking5. As you are married, you are required to fill in this form with the names of you andyour ______.A. partnerB. spouseC. husbandD. wife6. In order to prevent corruption, the top leaders of government are required to announce their income ______.A. on timeB. on cueC. in publicD. at ease7. With the development of our national economy, more and more people ______ themarket economy.A. believe inB. take onC. put offD. put on8. The vegetarian restaurant makes its dishes resemble meat in every way except______.A. contentsB. insidesC. ingredientsD. Tastes9. Nowadays, the ATM machine is very popular because people can get money almost______ when the code number is put in.A. instantaneouslyB. spontaneouslyC. intentionallyD. marginally10. Students who always do things ______ might lack of creativity.A. on the bookB. with the bookC. by bookD. by the book11. The best moral ______ is that of conscience, the worst is the fear of punishment.A. sanctionB. functionC. operationD. acquisition12. My friends and I don’t like to see his films because they have been criticized for being ______ violent.A. excitedlyB. overlyC. usuallyD. absolutely13. Some problem students who were always in low spirit were diagnosed as suffering from ______ crisis.A. identifyB. idealismC. identityD. status14. We should carefully plan the process of negotiation and any ______ acts will be harmful to the result.A. impulseB. impulsionC. instinctD. impulsive15. Life was pure ______ last month; the children were ill and I had little money.A. miseryB. merrinessC. mythicD. merit16. His friends ______ him on the back when he said he was getting married.A. strokeB. hitC. beatenD. slapped17. Many people feel worried that foreign goods such as cars and appliances may______ through the Chinese market after China enters the World Trade Organization.A. run amokB. run outC. run offD. run away18. When kids become grown-ups and independent, they sometimes feel that theirmothers are ______ old women.A. meddlesomeB. troublesomeC. dynamicD. prudent19. He is really jealous when his girlfriend ______ a friendship with another youngman.A. strikes onB. strikes atC. strikes upD. strikes with20. He is so conservative that he is ______ with modern life.A. out of fashionB. out of stepC. going backD. is basedII Cloze (10*1 point)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. Fill in each blank with the word in the following that best fits into the passage (fifteen choices are supplied). Write down your choices on the Answer Sheet.Yet crime has certainly not decreased in ___1___ to the rise in imprisonment. Experts say the law of diminishing returns is___2___ work here: As judges send more and more people to jail, a greater proportion of prisoners will ___3___ be less-frequent offenders. What’s ___4___, most criminologists agree ___5___ the steep rise in incarceration rates has been___6___ largely by low-level drug offenders. Giving them more and longer ___7___ has done ___8___ to stop the drug trade, scholars say, since there always seem to be others ___9___ on the street to ___10___ their place.III. Error Correction (10*1 point)Directions: There is one error in each line marked in number, correct them and write the right on the Answer Sheet.An outstanding example of hardwired capabilities with greatflexibility for programming by us is language. Specialists agree that“the human brain genetically programmed f or language 1 development,” and that“speech can be explained only on the basis of an innate language-processed capacity within our brain.” Unlike 2the rigidity that is displayed in the instinct behavior of animals, 3 therefore, there is tremendous flexibility in a human’s use of this 4 hardwired capacity for language.A specific language is not hardwired into our brains, and we are 5 preprogrammed with the capacity for learning languages. If twolanguage are spoken in the home, a child can learn both. If exposed 6to the third language, the child can learn it also. One girl was 7exposed to a number of langu8ges from babyhood. By the time shewas five she spoke eight fluently. In the view of such innate abilities 8it is not surprise that a linguist said that chimpanzee experiments 9with sign language “actually prove that chimps are capable of even 10the most rudimentary forms of human language.”IV. Reading (40 points)Section One Reading Comprehension (30*1 point)Passage 1David Frost ——AutobiographyDavid FrostLooked at one way, it is faintly ludicrous that Sir David Frost should be writing his autobiography already. That he should have written just the first 30 years’ worth might be thought strange. Here he is, not yet 55 years old, producing a volume of 528 pages that takes us no further than l969.It is, true, the period of his life that established his name and fortune, that swift rise from undergraduate cabaret turn to star host on both sides of the Atlantic, joint founder of an ambitious ITV company and long since able to invite show business stars, business tycoons and a British Prime Minister to breakfast at three days’ notice. (An event recalled in his book with such empty indifference that you cannot decidewhether the comprehensive name-dropping is intended to impress or just a habit. ) And yet David Frost, a significant figure in British television, certainly in the rapidly changing environment of the 1960’s, remains something of a mystery. Never far from positions of influence, wealthier from his broadcasting activities than all but the biggest moguls, he is in many ways on the edge of things.His book, like his career, perhaps, is as fascinating as it is unsatisfactory. The 1ength is due to its liberal resort to program transcripts, which yield verbatim exchanges with his many interviewees as well as detailed recall of the highs and lows of That Was The Week That Was and the scripting process that achieved them.The private Frost is to be caught only in passing, as he remains true to his preface: “Where there was a choice between a’60s tale and a personal one I have tried always to include the former.”The outcome is, I think, an insider’s book, dependent on remembering the times or knowing the people. But at that level, it is highly suggestive of its era, offers a view from a unique angle, yields some new insights -- into the formation of London Weekend Television, for instance ——and earns its place in the history of British Television. Like its author.1. The autobiography covers the author’sA. last thirty years.B. life after 1969.C. life before 1969D. first 55 years.2. David Frost isA. an inf1uential TV host.B. a famous movie star.C. an ambitious politician.D. a fascinating novelist.3. The autobiography is described as an insider’s book because it requires a knowledge ofA. all his personal experiences.B. his unique insights into British history.C. the development of British television.D. what was really happening in the 1960s.Passage 2He Came in on Cat PawsQuietly, almost unnoticed by a world sunk into the Great Depression, Germany on Jan. 30, l933, was handed to a monster. Adolf Hitler arrived, not in jackboots at the head of his Nazi legions but on cat paws, creeping in the side door.The president, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, 85 and doddering, hated Hitler and all he represented. In 193l, after their first meeting, Hindenburg said Hitler “might become minister of posts but never chancellor”. In l932 Hitler challenged Hindenburg. The president ——Protestant, Prussian, a conservative monarchist -- won with the votes of Socialists, Unions, Centrist Catholics and Liberal Democrats.Hitler ——Catholic, Austrian and a former tramp-carried upper ——class Protestants, Prussian landowners and monarchists.Nearly senile and desperate for any way to establish order in the fractious environment, Hindenburg fel1 prey to intriguers. Papen began plotting to bring himself to power and his supposed friend Schleicher to the top of the army. Papen offered Hindenburg a government with Hitler’s support but without Hitler in the cabinet. Hindenburg made Papen chance11or and Schleicher defense minister.In the July 1932 parliamentary elections, the Nazis won 230 of 608 seats, and Hitler demanded the chancellorship; Hindenburg refused. Papen lost a confidence vote in August, and his government fell after losing in the fourth election in a year in November. Schleicher, whose very name means “intriguer”, turned on Papen, persuading Hindenburg to name him chancellor. Hitler’s propagandist Joseph Goebbels noted: “He won’t last long.”To get revenge, Papen proposed sharing power with Hitler in January 1933; Hitler agreed, but with Papen as vice chancellor. Ever eager for order, Hindenburg shifted once again and fired Schleicher. “I am sure,”the president said “I shall not regret this action in heaven. Schleicher replied bitterly, “After this breach of trust, sir, I am not sure you will go to heaven.”Schleicher would later say: “I stayed in power only 57 days, and on each and every one of them I was betrayed 57 times. Don’t ever speak to me of German loyalty!At noon on Jan. 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was sworn in as chancellor. Within one month, the Reichstag burned and civil liberties were suspended. Within two months, the Enabling Act stripped parliament of power and made Hitler dictator. On April 1, Hitler decreed a boycott of Jewish business. On April 4, he created the Reich Defense Council and began secretly rearming Germany. On July 14, Hitler made the Nazi Party “the only political party in Germany”.As they sowed, so they reaped. In the Blood Purge of 1934, a Nazi SS squad murdered Kurt von Schleicher in the doorway of his home. Franz von Papen lingered on, so powerless an errand boy for Hitler that he was acquitted at the Nuremberg trials.4. The author says that Hitler came into power “On cat paws” becauseA. he seized power illegally.B. he seized power by military force.C. he quietly took advantage of the internal conflict.D. he cleverly took advantage of the Depression.5. Hitler first asked to be made chancellor whenA. Papen lost a confidence vote.B. Hitler had won a third of the votes.C. Hindenburg fired Schleicher.D. Schleicher was fired.6. The chancellor was held byA. Papen, Schleicher, and then Hitler.B. Schleicher, Papen, and then Hitler.C. Hindenburg, Schleicher, and then Hitler.D. Hindenburg, Papen, and then Hitler.Passage 3Mercedes-Benz Gets Turned Upside downIris Rossner has seen eastern Germany customers weep for joy when they drive away in shiny, new Mercedes-Benz sedans.“They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are,”says Rossner, the Mercedes employee responsib1e for post-delivery celebrations. Rossner has also seen the French pop corks on bottles of champagne as their national f1ag was hoisted above a purchase. And she has seen American business executives, Japanese tourists and Russian politicians travel thousands of miles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany when a classic sedan with the trade mark three-pointed star was about to roll off the assemb1y line and into their lives. Those were the good economic miracle of the l960s and ended in l99l.Times have changed. “Ten years ago, we had clear leadership in the market,”says Mercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer.“But over this period, the market has changed drastically. We are now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are part1y responsible, but Mercedes has had to learn the hard way that even German firms like BMW and Audi have made efforts to rise to our standards of technical proficiency.”Mercedes experienced one of its worst years ever in 1992. The auto maker’s worldwide car sales fell by 5 percent from the previous year, to a low of 527, 500. Before the decline, in 1988, the company could sell close to 600,000 cars per year. In Germany alone, there were 30, 000 fewer new Mercedes registrations last year than in 1991. As a result,production has plunged by almost 50,000 cars to 529,400 last year, a level well beneath the company’s potential capacity of 650, 000. Mercedes’competitors have been catching up in the United States, the world’s largest car market. In 1986, Mercedes soldl00, 000 vehicles in America; by 1991, the number had declined to 59,000. Over the last two years, the struggling company has lost a slice of its US market share to BMW, Toyota and Nissan. And BMW outsold Mercedes in America last year for the first time in its history. Meanwhile, just as Mercedes began making some headway in Japan, a notorious1y difficult market, the Japanese economy fell on hard times and the company saw its sales decline by 13 percent in that country.Revenues will hardly improve this year, and the time has come for getting down to business. At Mercedes, that means cutting payrolls, streamlining production and opening up to consumer needs--revolutionary steps for a company that once considered itself beyond improvement.7. The author’s intention in citing various nationalities’ interests in Mercedes is to illustrate Mercedes’A. sale strategies.B. market monopoly.C. superior quality.D. past record.8. Mercedes is having a hard time becauseA. it is lagging behind in technology.B. Japan is turning to BMW for cars.C. its competitors are catching up.D. sales in America have dropped by 13%.9. In the good years Mercedes could sell aboutA. 527,500 cars.B. 529,400 cars.C. 600,000 cars.D. 650,000 cars.10. What caused the decline of Mercedes’ sales in Japan?A. Japan is a very difficu1t market.B. The state of the economy there.C. Competition from other car companies.D. BMW and Audi’s improved technical standards.Passage 4What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics p informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic (⾃我陶醉的) personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, “tortured by self consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for”. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian (极权主义) societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needsconsensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth ——a vision ——about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to the members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness ——in short; they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.11. In the author’s view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in theA) lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life.B) non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take.C) general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be.D) public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms.12. Homer’s epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact thatA) the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily.B) the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable.C) the past can help to shape a consensus in the present.D) the past determines social moralities for later generations.13. The a social personality of Americans results fromA) the multiracial constituents of the US society.B) the absence of a common religion and ancestry.C) the want of shared myths they possess in life.D) the obstruction of achieving a general agreement.14. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probablyA) an earnest nationalist. B) an advanced psychologist.C) a radical reformer. D) a social historian.15. The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans .A) to bring about the uniformity of their culture.B) to diminish their great individual differences.C) to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious.D) to regain the feelings of social values and morale.Passage 5Genetic engineering holds great potential payoffs for farmers and consumers by making crops resistant to pets, diseases, and even chemicals used to kill surrounding weeds. But new research raises concerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks ——from none other than the weeds themselves. This is due to the weed’s ability to acquire genes for the neighboring agricultural crops. Researchersfound that when a weed cross-breeds with a farm-cultivated relative and thus acquires new genetic traits ——possibly including artificial genes engineered to make the crop hardier the hybrid (杂交) weed can pass along those traits to future generations.“The result may be very hard, hard-to-kill weeds,”said Allison Snow, a plant ecologist at Ohio state university in Columbus who conducted the experiments over the past six years along with two colleague. They presented their results last week at the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Madison, Wisconsin. The findings suggest the genetic engineering done with the aim of improving crops ——giving them new genetic traits such as resistance to herbicides (chemicals which kill weeds) or pest ——could ultimately have unintended and harmful consequences for the crops if weeds acquire the same trait and use it to out compete the crops. “Gene movement from crops to their wild relatives is an ongoing process that can be u1timately harmful to crops,” said Snow.“The results of the experiments challenge a common belief that hybrids gradually die out over several generations,”Snow explained. “There has been an assumption that genes would not persist in crop-weed hybrids because hybrids are thought to be less successful at reproducing,”she said. However, Snow’s research contradicted his assumption: Hybrid wild radishes survived in all six generations that were grown since the study began.Although the genetic traits the scientists monitored were natural and not genetically engineered, the findings nonetheless suggest that artificial improvements introduced into crops through genetic engineering could spread to weeds and become permanent traits of the weed population.So strengthened, the weeds may pose a serious risk to the long-term health of agricultural crops. The danger exists in a number of crops plants ——including rice, sunflower, and carrots ——that are closely related to weeds with which they compete. Snow is concerned that the transfer of genes from crops to related weeds could rapidly render many herbicides ineffectual. That situation, she said, would be much like bacterial disease acquiring resistance to antibiotics.Because plant hybrids arise in a single generation, however, it could happen much more quickly.“Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on herbicides,”she said, “so people will notice when those do not work anymore.”16. The word “This” (Line 4, Para. 1) refers toA) the results of recent research B) dangers inherent in the nature of weedsC) risk of altering crop’s genetic make-upsD) threats posed by chemical used to kill weeds17. According to the passage, genetic engineering can be used toA) kill weeds through cross-breeding B) make crops free from chemicalsC) improve the yield and quality of most cropsD) make crops resistant to chemical fertilizers18. Genetically modified crops could have harmful effects becauseA) genetically modified plants can bring new diseasesB) genetically modified plants are likely to develop into weedsC) gene movement between cultivated plants and wild ones is inevitableD) hybrids are generally more successful at breeding than natural plants19. The potential that some weeds may do serious harm to genetically modified plants is greatest forA) crops who rely on herbicides and pesticides for effective harvestsB) areas in which cross-breeding is kept to a minimumC) agricultural crops grown for their grainsD) crops that are intimately related to their weeds20. According to the author, the main impact gene transfer between crops and weeds could have isA) the rapid deve1opment of unintended plant hybridsB) the development of pest-and-herbicide-resistant weedsC) the collapse of the agricultural industry D) the dying-out of hybridsPassage 6Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy ——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves ——goals that pose a real challenge. “while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,”says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program atNASA, “we can not give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of optimism in the l960s and l970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 20l0, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented ——and human perception far more complicated ——than previously imagined. They have built robot that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 Percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer system on earth can not approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still do not know quite how we do it.2l. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inA) the use of machines to produce science fiction.B) the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C) the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D) the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.22. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably meansA) devices. B) experts. C) programs. D) creatures.23. According to Paragraph 3, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot thatA) can fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B) can respond independently to a changing world.C) can have a little common sense. D) can interact with human beings verbally.24. According to the passage, which of the following can robots do now?A) Make a few decisions for themselves.B) Deal with some errors with human intervention.C) Improve factory environments. D) Cultivate human creativity.25. The author uses the example Of a monkey to argue that robots areA) expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B) able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C) best used in a controlled environment.D) far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.Passage 7On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active”euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can affect an ultimate cure. “Active”euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by l2 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past l5 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing”, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive”form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia”says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.”And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity”, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.26. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?A) “Active” euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B) The doctor who carries out euthanasia will be charged.C) An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.。
2021年翻译硕士(MTI)考研专业课考试大纲
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试考试总纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。
全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。
一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（外语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力，招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行，与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。
由各招生院校MTI 资格考试命题小组根据本考试大纲，分别参照翻译硕士外语考试《翻译硕士英语》、基础课考试《英语翻译基础》及专业基础课考试《汉语写作和百科知识》考试大纲及样题的要求，自主负责命题与实施。
五、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。
中央民族大学博士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲
中央民族大学博士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲
科目代码：3035科目名称：国际汉语教学理论与方法
I．考查目标
国际汉语教学理论与方法主要考察内容为：二语习得理论、外语教学法理论、汉语作为第二语言教学法、汉语国际传播研究理论与方法以及国际汉语教学领域的前沿理论与热点问题。
通过对上述内容的考察，区分出考生与国际汉语教学专业的匹配度和对相关理论与方法的熟悉了解程度，同时考察考生运用国际汉语教学理论与方法开展研究的能力。
II．考试形式和试卷结构
一、试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
二、答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
三、试卷题型结构
简答题4题，每题10分，共40分
论述题3题，每题20分，共60分
Ⅲ．考查范围
一、二语习得基本理论及汉语作为第二语言习得理论
二、外语教学法理论流派
三、汉语作为外语教学理论与方法
四、汉语国际传播理论与方法
五、国际汉语教学前沿理论与热点问题
六、国际汉语教学经典文献。
2019年中央民族大学考研部分初试自命题科目考试大纲调整
2019年中央民族大学考研部分初试自命题科目考试大纲调整（含新增招生专业考试大纲）通知（不断更新）一、几点说明1.考试大纲是对考试科目的考查目标、试卷结构的概要性说明。
大纲中所列考查范围是最低限度的要求，仅作为考生备考的辅助性参考之一，不是实际命题的标准，考试用试卷所要考查的知识点包括但不限于大纲中考查范围所列的内容。
2.大纲试卷形式中的题型结构和分值分配仅供参考，考试用试卷可能会根据科目考查目标的需要进行必要的调整。
3.如有疑问可以与招生院系或研招办联系。
二、非新增专业初试科目考试大纲调整（含修改和变更）：法语（2018修订版）.pdf334新闻与传播综合能力（2018修订版）.pdf440新闻与传播专业基础（2018修订版）.pdf 825语文课程与教学论.pdf826音乐综合基础.pdf828发展心理学.pdf854计算机基础综合（2018修订版）.pdf 856数据结构（2018新修改）.pdf三、2019年新增专业初试科目考试大纲1、专业硕士学位：211 翻译硕士英语.pdf（翻译硕士）346 体育综合.pdf（体育硕士）357 英语翻译基础.pdf（翻译硕士）431 金融学综合.pdf（金融硕士）432 统计学.pdf（应用统计硕士）434 国际商务专业基础.pdf（国际商务硕士）448 汉语写作与百科知识.pdf（翻译硕士）2、学术型硕士学位：628 俄语基础.pdf（俄语语言文化）832俄罗斯中亚社会与文化.pdf （俄语语言文化）627 翻译理论与实践.pdf （翻译学）831 基础英语.pdf （翻译学）629 日语基础.pdf （日语语言文学）833 日本文化.pdf （日语语言文学）653 英美文学.pdf （英语语言文学）831 基础英语.pdf （英语语言文学）。
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中央民族大学研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲
科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语
一、考试目的：
《翻译硕士英语》考试作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：
本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI
考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、英语语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求
1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6，000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3. 具有较强的英语阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容
本考试包括三个部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、外语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法
1. 考试要求
1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型
选择题或改错题。
总分30分。
考试时间为60分钟。
II. 阅读理解
1. 考试要求
1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题报道、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型
1) 选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）。